transactions and determining the reasonableness of their compensation (e.g. commissions).
Private funds
Management fees. The Private Funds pay the Firm annual management fees of up to 1.50% (150 basis points).
Other fees and expenses. Incidental expenses of the Private Funds include brokerage fees, commissions, transfer taxes, and
other costs in connection with the acquisition and disposition of portfolio securities. In addition, the Fund bears the cost of
custody fees, governmental charges, taxes and duties, transfer fees, registration fees and other expenses associated with
buying, selling or holding investments and withholding taxes payable or required to be withheld by issuers or their agents.
The Private Funds also bear expenses such as legal, accounting, offering and printing, regulatory or tax compliance
expenses, operational expenses, audit expenses and administrative expenses. Some clients may be eligible for fee rebates.
Certain Private Fund incidental expenses relate to services that are provided by the Firm, such as organizing or managing the
Private Fund’s business affairs; executing and reconciling trades; preparing financial statements and providing audit support;
preparing tax related schedules; and investor or sales support such as drafting, printing or distributing correspondence to
investors and prospective investors. The Private Funds may pay fees or reimbursements to the Firm or third parties for all
these services.
From time to time, Veritas may agree to limit total expenses of a Private Fund, including the Firm’s management fee.
U.S. registered investment company
The Firm furnishes investment advice as sub-adviser, trade execution, and certain administrative, and compliance services to
the Mutual Fund. The Mutual Fund compensates the Firm for services provided pursuant to the sub-advisory agreement.
Detailed information on the services and fees can be found in the Mutual Fund’s prospectus and statement of additional
information.
Item 6: Performance-based fees and side-by-side management
Performance based fees and conflicts of interest
Certain pooled vehicles and separate accounts managed by the Firm operate performance-based fees. In each instance, the
fee applies once the performance exceeds a pre-defined level referred to as a high-water mark. The Firm may have an
incentive to favor performance fee accounts over other accounts and may also have an incentive to make relatively more
risky investments in performance fee accounts.
Because the performance fees received by the Firm may be subject to a benchmark or hurdle rate, the Firm may have the
incentive to favor accounts that are generally above their respective benchmarks or hurdle rates (and therefore required to
pay performance fees) over those accounts that are generally below their respective benchmark or hurdle rate (and
therefore are not required to pay performance fees until such accounts return to their applicable high water marks) or
accounts that are not subject to performance fees. This conflict is most apparent where two accounts follow the same, or a
similar, investment strategy. Accordingly, Veritas and its personnel may have differing compensatory interests with respect
to different clients. However, Veritas’ fiduciary obligations to act in the best interest of its clients mitigate potential conflicts
of interest that may exist with respect to Veritas’ allocation of time, resources and investments among the clients based on
differing compensatory interests. In addition, Veritas has a strict Code of Ethics and a Conflicts of Interest Policy in place,
which applies to all employees and Partners. Compliance with such policies is monitored by the Compliance team and
management information is also provided to the Management Committee for review on a quarterly basis. In some strategies
both a fund that charges a performance fees and one which only charges an annual management fee may be managed by
the same Portfolio Manager. In cases such as these, there may be the potential for conflicts of interest to arise, including the
incentive to preference accounts for which performance fees are payable. However, in circumstances where a Fund with a
performance fee and a long only Fund are managed by the same Portfolio Manager, the investment process should largely
be the same. Risk controls and investment mandates are documented and electronic monitoring via the Firm’s order
management system ensures both are adhered to.
Side by side management
Side-by-side management of different accounts may raise potential conflicts of interests. Where the actions taken on behalf
of one account may affect other similar or different accounts (e.g. because such accounts have the same or similar
investment styles or have potentially conflicting investments or investment styles) and Veritas and its personnel have
different interests in such accounts, Veritas may have an incentive to favor certain accounts over others that may be less
lucrative, or to favor accounts in which it or its affiliates have a significant proprietary interest. Similarly, when Veritas
receives performance-based fees or allocations, or Veritas personnel have a financial incentive to achieve gains in excess of
the disincentive to suffer losses, Veritas and or such personnel may have an incentive to choose investments that are riskier
or more speculative than might otherwise have been chosen. Such conflicts may present particular concern when, for
example, Veritas places, or allocates the results of securities transactions that Veritas believes could more likely result in
favorable performance, engages in cross trades or executes potentially conflicting or competing investments. To mitigate
these conflicts, Veritas’ policies and procedures seek to provide that investment decisions are made based on the best
interests of the accounts and without consideration of Veritas’ (or such personnel’s) pecuniary, investment or other financial
interests.
In addition, Veritas has a duty to treat all accounts fairly and equitably over time. Although the Firm has a duty to treat all
portfolios within an investment strategy fairly and equitably over time, such portfolios will not necessarily be managed the
same at all times. Specifically, there is no requirement that the Firm use the same investment practices consistently across
all portfolios. In general, investment decisions for each client account may be made independently from those of other client
accounts, and will be made with specific reference to the individual objectives of each client account. Furthermore, different
client guidelines and/or restrictions, operational issues such as custody facilities and availability of cash, may lead to the use
of different investment practices for portfolios within a similar investment strategy. As a result, although the Firm manages
numerous portfolios with similar or identical investment objectives, or may manage accounts with different objectives that
trade in the same securities, the portfolio decisions relating to the accounts, and the performance resulting from such
decisions, may differ from portfolio to portfolio.
The Firm’s portfolio and dealing procedures are designed to ensure that all eligible portfolios (separate accounts and Private
Funds) have an equal opportunity to participate in any investment opportunity at the same time. This applies to IPOs and
limited offerings. Trades are allocated on a pro-rata basis across eligible client accounts unless there are specific business
reasons to allocate otherwise. Partial fills are allocated pro-rata unless they are so small that this is uneconomic. Holdings of
client portfolios are reviewed on a regular basis by the relevant members of the investment team. See Item 13.
Allocations are reviewed internally on a weekly basis a part of the compliance monitoring programme. Relevant controls are
externally reviewed as part of the AAF Report (which is an Internal Controls report, conducted by external auditors on an
annual basis). A written Conflicts of Interest policy is maintained and reviewed at least annually. See Item 11. Along with the
Firm’s Personal Account Dealing, Gifts and Hospitality, Order Execution and Order Allocations policies, these provide a
framework for promoting the fair treatment of all accounts managed by the Firm.
Item 7: Types of clients
Veritas provides portfolio management services to institutional clients primarily including: corporate pension schemes, local
authorities, charitable institutions, foundations, government entities, sovereign funds, and non-U.S. domiciled funds such as
UCITs and AIFs.
The Firm does not generally set account minimums for segregated contractually managed arrangements; however the Firm’s
Private Funds have more than one account minimum (the relevant Private Fund prospectus/offering document should be
referred to). These minimums may be waived by the managing entity of the Private Fund in its sole discretion.
Veritas’ clients include privately placed pooled investment vehicles (each a “Private Fund”.) As noted in Item 4, these Private
Funds are not offered to U.S. investors at this time.
In addition, with respect to the Private Funds, the Mutual Fund, and other pooled investment vehicle product, this Brochure
is qualified in its entirety by the respective product’s offering memorandum, operating or limited partnership agreement,
prospectus, statement of additional information, or similar disclosure and governing documents.
Item 8: Methods of analysis, investment strategies and risk of loss
This Item 8 describes the general investment strategies employed by the Firm in managing separate accounts client
portfolios and the Private Funds, as well as the primary risks associated with these investment strategies, although it is not
always possible to identify all the risks associated with investing and the particular risks applicable to a client portfolio will
depend on the nature of the account, its investment strategy or strategies and the types of securities held.
The Firm is an investment management firm whose key investment objective is to deliver long term real returns for its clients.
In general, the Firm may invest client assets in the following securities and instruments: equity securities, listed and unlisted
securities, securities traded over the counter, non-U.S. securities, warrants, private placements, rights offerings, open-end
funds, convertible bonds and preferred stock.
The Firm primarily utilizes its own independent research and analysis, and uses a bottom-up investment approach to create a
diversified portfolio of equities. The Firm does not construct portfolios with reference to an index.
The Firm may also invest in depositary receipts, synthetics or participation notes if direct local holdings in a market are not
permitted or less advantageous.
The Firm has a long-term investment horizon.
With respect to the management of Private Funds, the investment objectives and restrictions are set forth in the relevant
offering document. Certain separate clients do not permit investment in the securities of companies which operate in certain
countries or which for example manufacture tobacco or are involved in the gambling industry.
Any investment includes the risk of loss and there is no guarantee that a particular level of return will be achieved. Clients
should understand that they could lose some or all of their investment and should be prepared to bear the risk of such
potential losses.
Client portfolios (separate accounts) generally invest in equity securities, each in accordance with general investment
strategies described below, subject to portfolio-specific investment objectives, guidelines and restrictions. Strategies will be
taking liquidity, servicing and resources into consideration. Whilst the investment objective is specific to each strategy, there
is commonality between them all with respect to the investment process, ideas generation, research, portfolio construction
and risk management.
Global Equity Investment Strategy
Our “Real Return” objective is to protect and grow the real value of clients’ capital. As a result, all money managed on behalf
of our clients is done so with a real return mind-set and utilising the framework of the Veritas Real Return Approach. This
approach is implemented by an investment team with substantial experience. The approach demands that all potential
investments are analysed from an absolute basis rather than relative to any benchmark or index. There is a defined process
to identify potential investment opportunities with in depth proprietary fundamental analysis to understand both quality and
value. The valuation concentrates on absolute value with a margin of safety on mid to large capitalisation companies, with
sensible concentration levels balance of diversification and focus. The opportunity sets include time arbitrage (company or
sector)/general decline/high volatility. If there are a lack of investment opportunities, due to valuation, then the Portfolio
Managers are prepared to hold cash. We invest globally primarily in developed markets although some emerging market
exposure is present. Our current investment management expertise is in equities, so therefore we invest in equities and
equity linked derivatives (primarily for access purposes). We also buy equity derivatives and contracts for differences (CFDs).
There are two phases to the Veritas Real Return Approach. The first stage of the process includes selecting companies for
entry to our “Universe of Investable Companies”. This stage in itself has three components, idea generation, research and
valuation. The second phase is portfolio construction, whereby portfolios are constructed from our Universe list according to
the specific mandate.
Within an investment capacity, in relation to having the final decision on buying and selling securities in the portfolio, the
Portfolio Managers have total discretion, provided it fits within the investment guidelines. At the point of deciding whether a
security should be bought or sold, it should be noted there has been significant research carried out by the relevant
analyst/team.
Within the Global Focus strategy, the maximum individual stock holding is 8% of a client portfolio. On average, over 75% of a
global equity mandate will be in large-cap liquid stocks. Portfolio managers visit management whenever possible and carry
out in-depth fundamental analysis. Veritas typically only holds 25-40 companies, all of which we know well.
The Global Team operates mandates as follows:
• Global Focus:
The strategy is designed for long-term investors who wish to build capital over a number of years through investment
in a focused portfolio of global companies in equities and equity derivatives in 25 – 40 stocks.
• Global Equity Income:
The strategy is designed to provide a high and growing level of income and thereafter to preserve capital in real terms
over the long term in equities which display an acceptable dividend profile in 25 – 40 stocks.
• Global Real Return:
The strategy is designed to deliver real returns over the medium and longer term. More specifically, the target is to
achieve a return on a compound annualised basis exceeding the OECD G7 CPI plus 4 % p e r an n u m in
predominantly equities but can invest in CFDs.
• Izoard Fund:
The strategy is designed for long-term investors who wish to build capital over a minimum five-year rolling period
through investment in a concentrated portfolio of global companies of between 8 – 25 stocks, predominantly in
equities.
Asia Equity Investment Strategy
There are four Asia Equity investment strategies, each currently used in Private Funds and one separate account. Investment
will be led by broad macro themes in order to identify investment opportunities, using fundamental analysis to assess quality
and value with a mid to large capitalisation bias and diversification. The focus is on durably high-quality companies in sectors
that show structural growth but also explore opportunities in cyclical winners and special situations.
Positions may be held through a combination of direct investment and/or derivative instruments. Our philosophy is driven by
the belief that strong long term returns in Asia can be achieved by investing in a concentrated portfolio of high quality, large
companies which are either industry leaders or emerging leaders. Our research is guided by an appreciation of certain long-
term themes, from which our chosen companies will be beneficiaries.
We analyse the prevalent macro and sector conditions and try to determine what companies are likely to see upgrades or
downgrades in earnings growth. We also systematically collect earnings forecasts from the brokerage community and
compare our views to the consensus, in order to identify potential for earnings upgrades and downgrades. Armed with these
we may go long stocks that we anticipate to show positive earnings revision and go short stocks that may show negative
revisions.
Within each client mandate, there is a “core portfolio” and a “trading portfolio”. With respect to the “core portfolio”, we seek
to find high dividend yield companies that are at the same time beneficiaries of long-term strategic themes and with stable
and predictable, albeit, subdued earnings growth. With respect to the “trading portfolio”, our focus is on fundamental
research of earnings growth that has been materially under- or over-estimated by the market. The “core portfolio” is
essentially long positions in stable dividend yield companies. The “trading portfolio” will focus on stock positions that
display positive earnings momentum
The split between the core portfolio and the trading portfolio is typically 50:50 however this is a dynamic relationship and
will be skewed to either depending on market conditions.
The Asia Team operates the following mandates:
• Asian Strategy
A long-only strategy offering exposure to Asia excluding Japan. This strategy is designed for long-term investors who
wish to build capital over a number of years through investment in a portfolio of equity and equity related securities in
companies located in Asia (excluding Japan).
• China Strategy
The strategy aims to achieve long term capital growth, by taking long positions primarily in equities or equity related
derivative contracts of companies located in China (People’s Republic Of China, and its Specials Administrative
Regions, Hong Kong and Macau) or Companies that are not located in China but derive a majority (over 50%) of their
income from China.
• Real Return Asian Strategy
A long-short strategy investing in the Far East including Japan. The strategy aims to achieve long term capital growth.
The strategy aims to achieve this by investing primarily in Asian & Pacific equities. The strategy will also invest in
bonds, cash and derivatives with a view to control risk or enhance returns.
• Separate accounts – will follow one of the strategies above, adjusted for client demands.
Certain material risks
Clients and investors should understand that all investments are subject to risks and that the return and the principal value of
investments fluctuate depending on general market conditions and other factors, so that from time to time the value of an
investment may be worth more or less than its original cost. You should be prepared to bear the risk of loss if you desire to
sell your investment at a time when its value so worth less than the original cost. Further, depending on the types of
investments, there may be varying degrees of risk. You should be prepared to bear investment loss including the loss of
your original principal. You may lose money.
Past performance is not indicative of future results. Therefore, you should never assume that future performance of any
specific investment or investment strategy will be profitable.
Principal risks associated with any account or investment, as well as specific risks associated with certain strategies or
investment objectives are described below.
More detail with risks associated with Private Funds is set forth in each Fund’s information memorandum. The list below does
not purport to be an exhaustive list of the risks that may be associated with any particular account or investment.
Risk Management
Consideration is given to sector and country diversification in portfolio construction as diversification is proven to be the
most logical way to protect the total portfolio. We aim for lower volatility in the fund and monitor efficiency of risk/return
performance by Sharpe Ratio and Sortino Ratio and make use of a risk analytics tool Excerpt (EM Applications). These are
only tools, however, and do not drive the investment process.
Investment Risk
A prospective investor should be aware that investments are subject to normal market fluctuations and other risks inherent
in investing in securities. There is no assurance that any appreciation in the value of investments will occur or that the
investment objectives of any mandate will actually be achieved. The value of investments and the income derived therefrom
may fall as well as rise and investors may not recoup the original amount invested.
Past performance is not indicative of future results. Therefore, an investor should never assume the future performance of
any specific investment or investment strategy will be profitable.
Risks associated with Currency
Overseas stocks are subject to fluctuations in currency movements and there is a risk that the portfolio might experience
currency and foreign exchange rate fluctuations that may adversely affect the value of investments in the portfolio.
Risks associated with Emerging Markets
Veritas may invest in emerging markets, which are more volatile than investments in more developed markets due to
political and economic situations in emerging countries. Securities markets in emerging market countries may be smaller
than those in developed countries, making it more difficult to sell securities in order to take profits or avoid losses. Potential
political instability and corruption, as well as lower standards of regulation for business practices, increase the possibility of
fraud or other legal problems. Public information may be limited with respect to emerging market issuers, and they may not
be subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial standards and requirements. Investment in emerging market
securities presents greater risk and is intended only for investors who are able to bear and assume this increased risk.
Risks associated with the Use of Counterparties
There is a risk that any company providing services such as safe keeping of assets or acting as counterparty to derivatives
may become insolvent which could cause losses to the client accounts.
Risks associated with Liquidity
Some assets in client accounts may be difficult to sell (i.e. illiquid stocks) when required and may limit the fund manager’s
ability to readily convert the investment into cash.
Risks associated with Leverage
While the use of leverage may increase the returns of an investment, it will also involve a high degree of risk. Leverage will
create an opportunity for greater yield and total return but it will also increase client accounts exposure to capital risk and
interest costs and may result is significant losses.
Risks associated with Long / Short Strategies and Derivative Instruments
There is no guarantee that the use of long and short positions will succeed in limiting client accounts exposure to market
movements, sector swings or other risk factors. Derivative instruments may be riskier than other types of investments
because they may be more sensitive to changes in economic or market conditions than other types of investments.
Where Veritas uses derivatives as a significant part of the investment strategy, the value of these investments can change
rapidly and may cause the fund to lose a significant amount of value. Veritas will use contracts for differences (“CFDs”) or
swaps to create synthetic long positions and synthetic short positions but may also use futures, options, warrants, and other
derivative instruments. Derivative instruments may be exchange-traded or over-the- counter. Veritas may also engage in
short sales. Amounts may be retained in cash or cash equivalents (including money market funds) pending reinvestment, for
use as collateral if it is considered appropriate to the client’s objective.
Risks associated with Non-Diversification/Concentration
Accounts that are non-diversified or more concentrated may have larger positions in fewer companies than would a
diversified portfolio. A concentrated portfolio is more likely to experience significant fluctuations in value, exposing an
investor to a greater risk of loss in any given period than a diversified portfolio.
Risks for Private Fund Investments
Principal risks for the Private Funds are described above. More detail and specific risks associated with certain investment
objectives or strategies are set forth in each Private Fund’s prospectus.
Risks associated with Cybersecurity
VAM and its service providers are subject to risks associated with a breach in cybersecurity. In general, cyber incidents can
result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events.
In response to this cybersecurity risk, VAM LLP has ensured certain safeguards are in place, which includes conducting a risk
assessment, periodic staff training and other technological safeguards such as appropriate firewalls and anti-virus
protections. While VAM LLP has established risk management strategies, systems, policies and procedures to seek to
prevent, cybersecurity breaches, there are inherent limitations in such plans, strategies, systems, policies and procedures
including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified.
Risks associated with Brexit
In June 2016, the UK voted to withdraw from the European Union. VAM has conducted a risk assessment of the impact of
Brexit on the firm’s activities and believe they have identified some of the key areas impacted and are in the process of
implementing alternative processes and procedures. It is too early to determine all of the potential implications from Brexit,
however, VAM is assessing the situation as it is ongoing and will address issues as they arise.
This list does not purport to be an exhaustive list of risks that may be associated with any particular account or investment.
Item 9: Disciplinary information
Neither Veritas Asset Management LLP nor its management persons have been subject to legal or disciplinary events that are
material to its advisory business or that would be material to its existing or prospective clients’ evaluation of its advisory
business or the integrity of its management.
Item 10: Other financial industry activities and affiliations
Affiliations
The Firm is 35% owned by the Veritas Partners and the remaining 65% is owned by Affiliated Managers Group (AMG).
AMG, a publicly traded asset management company (NYSE:AMG) with equity investments in boutique investment
management firms, holds a majority equity interest in Veritas Asset Management LLP. AMG also holds equity interests in
certain other investment advisers (AMG Affiliates). Each of the AMG Affiliates, including Veritas Asset Management LLP, is
operated autonomously and independently, and except as described in this Brochure, the Firm does not have any business
dealings with these AMG Affiliates and does not conduct any joint operations with them. The AMG Affiliates do not knowingly
provide advice for the Firm’s clients. The Mutual Fund client is a multi-manager managed product for which the Firm is a
subadvisor amongst one or more other managers to the Mutual Fund client. The Mutual Fund client’s sponsor also has other
related fund products for which the Firm does not provide management services to. It is possible that certain AMG Affiliates
are hired by the client’s sponsor to manage the Mutual Fund or any of its products without the affirmative knowledge of the
Firm as the selection of managers does not involve the Firm. As such, AMG’s ownership interest in the Firm does not in the
Firm’s view, present any potential conflict of interest for the Firm with respect to our clients.
Veritas Asset Management LLP is based in the United Kingdom and regulated by the UK Financial Conduct Authority. Veritas
also provides services to institutional clients in a number of other countries including Australia via a class order exemption,
and is licensed as a Financial Services Provider by the Financial Standards Board in South Africa. Veritas is also authorized by
the Central Bank of Ireland to provide investment management services to regulated funds in Dublin, Ireland. In addition,
Veritas is not registered or regulated in Canada but does rely on a number of exemptions from registration as an exempt
international dealer and as an exempt international advisor in Ontario, Canada.
Veritas Asset Management LLP’s subsidiary, Veritas Asset Management (Asia) Limited is a Hong Kong Limited Company and
holds a financial services license from the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) in Hong Kong.. However, Veritas Asset
Management (Asia) Limited is engaged in business exclusively outside of the United States and does not directly advise or
effect securities transactions involving the assets of U.S. residents.
Other financial activities
Neither the Firm nor any of its management persons are registered, or have an application pending to register, as a
broker/dealer, futures commission trader, commodity pool operator, commodity trading advisor, or an associated person of
one of the foregoing types of entities.
Item 11: Code of Ethics, participation or interest in client transactions and personal trading
The Firm has established a variety of restrictions, procedures and disclosures designed to address conflicts of interest
arising between and among client accounts as well as between client accounts and the Firm and its personnel. All the Firm’s
Partners and personnel must act in accordance with the fiduciary standard. In addition to the provisions of the Code of
Ethics which are described in greater detail below, the Firm maintains a written Conflict of Interest policy which identifies
conflicts and potential conflicts of interest faced by the Firm and the relevant controls in place to address such conflicts. A
current copy of the Code of Ethics can be obtained by contacting:
Veritas Asset Management LLP
90 Long Acre
London
WC2E 9RA
United Kingdom
+44 203758 9937
alison.moitysee@vamllp.com
Attention: Compliance Department, Code of Ethics request
Code of ethics
The Firm has a fiduciary duty to its clients, and accordingly has adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”) that applies to all
partners and employees. The Code describes the standard of conduct the Firm requires of its Partners and employees
including personal trading in accounts owned, managed or beneficially owned by the individual. The Code’s provisions also
include requirements relating to areas such as gifts and business entertainment, confidentiality of information, the provision
and solicitation of political and charitable contributions and outside appointments. The Code of Ethics is reviewed at least
annually and approved by the Chief Compliance Officer.
Personal trading
All Partners and employees must provide the Firm with a listing of their securities holdings, as well as copies of trade
confirmations and details of their brokerage accounts. These requirements of the Code apply to all accounts over which
employees have investment discretion, or in which they have a direct or indirect beneficial ownership interest.
Participation or interest in client transactions
Employees and Partners of the Firm may invest in Private Funds, other funds and other securities managed by the Firm.
Personal investments may vary from product to product and investment personnel may choose not to invest in all products
they manage. These investments may create a potential conflict of interest as investment personnel may have an incentive
to favour the products in which they have a personal interest. The Firm requires that any such personal transactions must be
approved by the Chief Compliance Officer and/or Chief Operating Officer/Chief Executive Officer
The Firm does not buy or sell for the Firm’s accounts, securities that the Firm has recommended to our clients. The Firm also
does not engage in principal trades with our Clients.
Veritas maintains policies and procedures, including the Code and policies and procedures regarding batch transactions
(described in Item 12), reasonably designed to assure that Veritas and its personnel service all client accounts in a manner
consistent with the duties an adviser owes to its clients and applicable law and without considering such persons’
ownership, compensatory or other pecuniary or financial interests.
Insider trading/material non-public information
In addition, the Firm’s Code of Ethics also includes policies and procedures prohibiting the use of material non-public
information that are designed to prevent insider trading by any partner or employee of the Firm. In accordance with these
policies, any matter which may involve inside information is required to be brought to the attention of the Chief Compliance
Officer or general counsel prior to any trading activity. In addition, to prevent trading of public securities based on material,
non-public information, the Firm maintains a “restricted list” that identifies any securities that cannot be purchased for
personal or client accounts because material, non-public information may have been received by a partner or employee of
the Firm. Provided such issuers are set up in the Firm’s systems, such issuers named on this restricted list are coded as
“prohibited” in the Firm's trading and portfolio compliance system, thus blocking the Firm from trading in these securities
without the consent of the Firm’s Chief Compliance Officer.
Gifts and business entertainment
The Firm’s Code of Ethics includes policies and procedures regarding giving or receiving gifts and business entertainment
between the Firm’s Partners, employees and certain third parties (e.g. vendors, broker/dealers, consultants, etc.) to help
mitigate the potential for conflicts of interest surrounding these practices. The Firm specifically monitors for any potential
conflicts of interest with respect to individual instances of gifts or entertainment, as well as patterns of the same over time,
to prevent the interests of the Firm and its Partners and employees from being placed ahead of the interests of our clients.
Charitable contributions
From time to time, the Firm may donate to charitable causes. In general, those donations are made in response to requests
from the Firm’s partners or employees. The Chief Compliance Officer/Chief Operating Officer/Chief Executive Officer
approves all charitable contributions to be made by the Firm. Requests for charitable contributions from clients or potential
clients are not permitted without the consent of the Chief Compliance Officer.
Political contributions
The Firm prohibits its Partners and employees from making political contributions on behalf of the Firm or to be reimbursed
for personal political contributions, or from making political contributions for the purpose of securing or retaining business.
All requests for political or campaign contributions from clients or potential clients are required to be declined and are
strictly forbidden.
Veritas Asset Management LLP owes each of its clients a duty of care and loyalty. The Firm is required to execute securities
transactions for its clients in a manner such that the net proceeds to the client are the most favourable under the
circumstances. It is the Firm’s policy to select brokers or counterparties to execute client transactions in a manner that is
consistent with the best interests of its clients and to employ a trading process that attempts to maximize the value of a
client’s portfolio within the client’s stated investment objectives and constraints. In selecting a broker, the Firm may consider
various relevant factors, although no one factor is determinative in the Firm’s decision-making process. These factors include
one or more of, but are not limited to, best price, current market conditions, time constraints, liquidity, volatility in the
markets, volatility in the particular type of security or asset, size and type of transaction, the nature and character of the
market for the security or asset in the transaction, confidentiality, execution efficiency, settlement capabilities, financial
soundness and credit worthiness of the Broker, full range and quality of the broker’s services, the responsiveness,
reputation, reliability and experience of the broker, the reasonableness of any commissions or spreads, difficulty of
execution, ability and willingness to commit capital to the transaction, past effectiveness in executing illiquid or difficult
types of securities or assets or difficult types of orders. To the extent that the Firm uses third party investment research, it
will do so consistent with guidance from the SEC and the European Commission regarding acceptable methods to pay for
investment research under legislation in the European Union known as the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MIFID
II) which came into effect on January 3rd 2018. In this regard, research may be received in return for direct payments made
by the Firm out of its own resources.
Best execution means that the net proceeds to a client are the most favourable under the circumstances. Best execution
does not mean that the client always must obtain the lowest possible commission cost. It is the Firm’s policy to establish the
methods to be followed to ensure that it is seeking to achieve best execution of its clients' portfolio transactions while
complying with all applicable regulatory standards and the investment guidelines of its clients. All brokers are subject to
initial vetting and thereafter regular performance review by the Counterparty Committee, which comprises the Head of
Trading, Compliance Officer and Chief Operating Officer. The Firm will always seek brokers that provide an efficient service
at a commission rate that is competitive and in line with market norms or better. The rate negotiated is reviewed on a regular
basis by the Counterparty Committee. The Firm uses a retrospective analysis of services provided to identify brokers who
have consistently and substantively added value to our investment process. With respect to execution factors, the trading
desk conducts a quarterly review and input may be sought from the Operations team. This review of execution factors is also
reported to the Management Committee.
Trade aggregation and allocation
When the same investment decision is made for more than one client on the same day, the Firm may place orders to buy or
sell the same security for a number of clients. Whenever possible, orders to purchase or sell the same security for multiple
accounts are aggregated. The Firm will not aggregate investment transactions for accounts unless the transaction is
consistent with the Firm’s duties to its clients, the terms of the applicable investment advisory agreement and each
account’s investment objectives, restrictions and policies.
The Firm’s general policy is to aggregate orders for one or more clients in the same security if the investment decisions for
such clients are made contemporaneously or, before an order for one client has been executed, a decision to purchase or
sell the same security is made on behalf of another client. The orders for two or more clients should be aggregated only if
the Firm determines that:
• Aggregation is consistent with the Firm’s duty to obtain best execution;
• Aggregation is consistent with the terms of the investment advisory contract of each participating client; and
• No advisory client will be favoured over any other client.
The Firm’s policy is to allocate investment opportunities among various clients (including the sequence of placing orders) in
a manner believed by the Firm to be fair and equitable to each client over time. The allocation of investment opportunities
will never favour any client account over the detriment of another client. In addition, the allocation of investment
opportunities will not favour the Firm.
The key elements of the procedures for implementing this policy are summarized below:
The Firm’s trading procedures incorporate a systematic allocation model which requires Portfolio Managers to identify on
the dealing sheet, the basis of allocation for each trade undertaken. The Firm may manage multiple accounts with similar
investment objectives and strategies or may manage accounts with different objectives or strategies that may trade in the
same securities. Despite these similarities, the Firm’s portfolio decisions about each client’s investments and the
performance resulting from these decisions may differ from those of other clients. The Firm will not necessarily purchase or
sell the same securities for client accounts at the same time or in the same proportionate amounts for all eligible clients. It is
expected, however, that client accounts with similar investment objectives may trade many of the same securities at the
same time. When the Firm purchases thinly traded securities or oversubscribed public offerings, it may not be feasible to
allocate a transaction pro rata to all eligible clients. Therefore, not all clients will necessarily participate in the same
investment opportunities or participate on the same basis.
The Firm shall allocate investment opportunities among its clients (including the sequence of placing orders) in a manner
believed by the Firm to be fair and equitable to each client over time. In making these allocations, VAM should take into
account the following factors:
• The client’s investment objectives and strategies.
• The composition, size and characteristics of the account.
• The client’s country weightings.
• The cash flows and amount of investment funds available to each client.
• The amount already committed by each client to a specific investment.
• Each client’s risk tolerance and the relative risk of the investment.
• The marketability of the security being considered.
Allocation is imposed through the automated order management system.
All allocation objectives and implementation procedures are designed to ensure that all clients receive equitable treatment,
ensuring as far as possible that all portfolios with the same mandate look alike. Partial fills are allocated pro rata, to the value
of orders placed unless resultant allocation is so small to make settlement uneconomic. Separate and pooled accounts are
treated alike under this allocation process. Allocations across portfolios are reviewed as part of the compliance monitoring
programme.
Initial Public Offerings (“IPOs”)
An initial public offering is a company’s first offer of stock for sale to the public. Depending on the interest in this initial
offering, VAM’s access to these newly offered shares may be limited in amount at the time of the initial offering. In the event
that the Firm participates in any initial public offerings and other securities with limited availability (collectively, “IPOs”), the
Firm allocates IPOs among accounts as it would for any other security that is, on a pro rata basis and taking into
consideration factors such as client eligibility, client account objectives and preference, investment restrictions, account
sizes, cash availability, and current specific needs. Allocation of IPOs and other limited offerings across client accounts is
monitored periodically as part of the internal monitoring process to ensure that all accounts are treated fairly and equitably
over time.
Trade errors and trade error accounts
The Firm has a Breaches and Errors Escalation Policy which is adhered to in the event that such an incident occurs. If a trade
error were to occur, it is the Firm’s policy to make the client account whole. Also, if a client account were to benefit from a
trade error, any profits would remain with the account (unless the client instructed otherwise). Any material breach of an
investment restriction would be disclosed to the Client.
Internal cross trades
In certain circumstances, the Firm may deem it advisable and appropriate to sell securities held in one client account
managed by the Firm to another client account managed by the Firm, an internal cross trade. The Firm may engage in
internal cross trades where prudent, in compliance with SEC and Department of Labor rules, and where permitted by client
contracts and the Firm’s policies and procedures. In the ordinary course of its business, the Firm primarily executes cross
trades between client accounts that have particular liquidity mandates. The Firm does not engage in agency cross
transactions (i.e., transactions in which the Firm earns a fee other than its advisory fee). Cross trades are rare but where they
are permitted, take place, other than in exceptional circumstances, via executing brokers at market prices, generally
executed at mid-point of the bid-ask price at the time the last order is placed.
client account managed by the Firm to another client account managed by the Firm, an internal cross trade. The Firm may
engage in internal cross trades where prudent, in compliance with SEC and Department of Labor rules, and where permitted
by client contracts and the Firm’s policies and procedures. In the ordinary course of its business, the Firm primarily executes
cross trades between client accounts that have particular liquidity mandates. The Firm does not engage in agency cross
transactions (i.e., transactions in which the Firm earns a fee other than its advisory fee). Cross trades are rare but where they
are permitted, take place, other than in exceptional circumstances, via executing brokers at market prices, generally
executed at mid-point of the bid-ask price at the time the last order is placed.
Where an internal cross trade involves a Mutual Fund client on either end of the transaction, the cross trade will be subject to
Rule 17a-7 under the Company Act which may differ in how the price is determined than from the Firm’s policy. The Firm
does not permit internal cross trades involving one or more retirement accounts (e.g., subject to ERISA). In other cases, the
Firm will ensure that any internal cross transactions are in the best interests of and appropriate for both clients, the
transactions are consistent with the Firm’s obligations to seek best execution, and an independent or objective pricing
mechanism is used. To the extent a broker is intentionally utilized to facilitate a cross trade with or without compensation,
the Firm will honor the same process and requirements.
Cross trades present an inherent conflict of interest because the Firm acts on behalf of both the selling account and the
buying account in the same transaction. As a result, the use of cross trades could result in more favorable treatment of one
client over the other. Additionally, there is a risk that the price at which a cross trade is executed may not be as favorable as
the price available in the open market selling account and the buying account in the same transaction. As a result, the use of
cross trades could result in more favorable treatment of one client over the other.
The Chief Compliance Officer/Chief Operating Officer must approve any internal cross trade. In considering such requests,
the regulatory requirements, client guideline restrictions and fairness of the trade to both parties are assessed and the
transactions are done for the sole benefit of all participating clients. The Compliance team maintains a register and it is
reviewed and monitored on a weekly basis.
Foreign exchange (“FX”) transactions
For its Private Funds and as instructed by several separate accounts, the Firm instructs FX transactions through an FX trading
platform (“Info FX”) operated by a third-party provider, Brown Brothers Harriman. For the majority of its separate account
clients, it is the responsibility of a client’s custodian to handle FX transactions.
For clients that have not elected to use the Info FX platform, the Firm will instruct the client's Custodian to effect the
necessary FX transaction. This is done either through standing instructions communicated to the custodian when the
account is established or at the time settlement instructions are sent to the custodian for a particular transaction. The
custodian is responsible for executing FX transactions, including the timing and applicable rate, of such execution pursuant
to its own internal processes. Where a client has arrangements in place with their custodian regarding the execution of FX
transactions, such arrangements may impact the fees and expenses charged to the client by the custodian. Therefore, all
such FX transactions are effected with the client's custodian, and the Firm does not seek to obtain different FX rates from
other sources.
Directed brokerage
The Firm may accept client instructions for directing the client’s brokerage transactions to a particular broker. Clients must
acknowledge that such an arrangement may detract from the Firm’s ability to obtain best execution and obtain volume
discounts given the range of eligible brokers available. There may be a disparity in commission charges with clients who do
not have directed brokerage arrangements.
The Firm does not make trading decisions on behalf of U.S. registered investment companies on the basis of the involvement
of a broker in the distribution and sales activities for those Mutual Funds. In fact, in most cases, the Firm’s role is limited to
acting as investment adviser and its staff has no knowledge of the distribution arrangements for sub-advised third party
open-end mutual funds.
Brokerage relationships
The Firm may have many other relationships with brokerage firms. For example:
• the Firm may invest client assets in securities issued by the same brokers or their affiliates for which the Firm places
client transactions.
• the Firm may provide investment management services to affiliates or pension arrangements related to certain
brokers for which the Firm places client transactions.
Notwithstanding such relationships or business dealings with these brokers, the Firm has a fiduciary duty to its clients to
seek best execution when trading with these firms, and has implemented policies and procedures to monitor its efforts in
this regard.
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