A. Description of the Firm Five Mile Capital Partners LLC (“we” or “us” or “our” or “Five Mile”) was organized in February
of 2003 as an alternative asset management company focused predominantly on fixed income
and credit products for institutional clients and high net worth individuals. Our 25% and more
owners are Steven P. Baum, Thomas A. Kendall and Konrad R. Kruger. Our management team
maintains the majority stake in the company's business and controls investment, risk
management and operational matters.
We specialize in investment opportunities in real estate, debt products, structured finance,
asset-based lending and financial services private equity. Our principals have significant
experience, knowledge and skills relevant to the financial services industry and believe the
cyclical and dynamic nature of the sector continually provides a broad opportunity for
investments across the capital structure.
We have organized and control the following entities which serve as the general partners to the
Private Funds (as defined below)(collectively, the “Five Mile Managers”):
1. SCFFI GP LLC
2. FMCP II GP LLC
3. Five Mile Capital Investment Opportunities GP LLC
4. Five Mile Capital II CT Co-Investment GP LLC
5. Five Mile Capital II LOPO Co-Investment GP LLC
The Five Mile Managers are each registered as an investment adviser relying on Five Mile’s
investment adviser registration with the SEC pursuant to the SEC’s Division of Investment
Management staff guidance issued in a no-action letter dated January 18, 2012, in response to
the American Bar Association’s request for interpretive guidance. The Five Mile Managers
intend to conduct their activities in accordance with the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as
amended, and the rules thereunder (the “Advisers Act”). Any employee of Five Mile, and any
other person acting on the behalf of Five Mile or the Five Mile Managers, are and shall be subject
to the supervision and control of Five Mile. The Five Mile Managers shall be included in all
references to “we,” “us” or “Five Mile” herein.
B. Types of Advisory Services Five Mile provides investment advisory services to private pooled investment vehicles (the
“Private Funds” or “Clients”) on a discretionary basis related to real estate, debt products,
structured finance, asset-based lending and private equity transactions. Five Mile may also,
from time to time. provide investment advisory services to separately managed accounts on
non-discretionary basis (the “Managed Accounts”). The investors in the Private Funds may
include, among others, foundations and endowments, public and private pensions, insurance
companies, sovereign wealth funds, other pooled investment vehicles, banks, and high net worth
individuals. A complete description of each Private Fund, including its operations and activities,
management fees, incentive fees, minimum investment amounts and structure can be obtained
from such Private Fund’s offering documentation. Similar descriptions for the Managed
Accounts would be included in the investment management agreements that are negotiated with
investors.
The Private Funds are not registered as investment companies under the U.S. Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”) and are, therefore, not
subject to various provisions of the Investment Company Act. Shares or interests in the Private
Funds are not registered for sale under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
“Securities Act”), and are instead sold to qualified investors on a private placement basis. All
U.S. investors in the Private Funds must qualify as accredited investors under the Securities Act
and, for some Private Funds, “qualified purchasers” under Section 2(a) (51) (A) of the
Investment Company Act.
We, from time to time, sponsor and manage investment vehicles on a transaction-by-transaction
basis to allow certain persons to invest alongside one or more Private Funds in specific portfolio
companies and other assets of the Private Funds (each such vehicle, a “Co-Investment Fund”).
Co-Investment Funds are typically limited to investing in securities relating to the transaction or
transactions with respect to which they were organized. As a general matter, any co-investment
by a Co-Investment Fund will be on terms and conditions not more favorable than the terms and
conditions of the investment by the applicable Private Fund.
We also sponsor and manage certain other entities which are “feeder” vehicles organized to
invest exclusively in a Private Fund and/or special purpose vehicles that have been formed to
facilitate portfolio investments by the Private Funds or their investors for tax, regulatory or
economic purposes.
The services we or our affiliates provide to a Private Fund, in the capacity as the investment
manager or general partner or otherwise, may include: organizing and managing the Private
Fund’s business affairs; acquiring, financing and disposing of investments; preparing financial
statements; preparing tax-related schedules; and providing investor relations functions such as
drafting, printing and distributing correspondence to investors and prospective investors.
We or our senior professionals typically invest our own capital in each investment theme
pursued by the Private Funds, either through direct investments in a Private Fund or Co-
Investment Fund or investment in the general partner of a Private Fund.
For a list of the Private Funds, please refer to Section 7.B. of Schedule D of Part 1 to Five Mile’s
Form ADV which is publicly available at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. See Item 8 for more
information with respect to the investment strategies of the Private Funds.
C. Client Tailored Services and Restrictions We manage each Private Fund based on the investment objectives and investment restrictions
set forth in the limited partnership agreement of such Private Fund (the “Partnership
Agreement”) and investment management agreement between us and the general partner (the
“Management Agreement,” and together with the Partnership Agreement of such Private Fund
and the confidential private placement memorandum of such Private Fund, the “Governing
Documents”). Such investment restrictions and/or guidelines are typically described in the
Governing Documents for each Private Fund. Investors in the Private Fund cannot directly
impose any investment restrictions or guidelines to the Private Fund. Five Mile may enter into
side letters with certain investors in a Private Fund which impose further restrictions on our
discretionary authority.
Prior to establishing a new Managed Account with a prospective investor, Five Mile will make a
reasonable inquiry about the financial background and sophistication, investment experience,
investment time frame, investment objectives, risk tolerance, liquidity constraints and tax
situation and any other information disclosed by the prospective investor. As a fiduciary, Five
Mile is required to act in the clients’ best interest and manage portfolios that are consistent with
the investor’s investment objectives, guidelines and any investment restrictions that clients may
wish to impose on the Managed Account.
D. Wrap Programs We do not participate in wrap programs.
E. Assets Under Management As of December 31, 2018, we managed $164,098,000 of assets on a discretionary basis for the
Private Funds.
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A. Fee Schedule, Payment Method and Prepayment of Fees and Refunds As investment adviser to each Private Fund, we typically receive an annual management fee
equal to a percentage of the net assets or invested capital, as the case may be, and a performance
fee or incentive allocation equal to a percentage of the Private Fund’s net profits, which may be
subject to a loss carry forward provision or clawback provision, as the case may be. All fees for
the Private Funds are disclosed in the Governing Documents, which are provided to prospective
investors.
We, in our discretion, may waive or reduce the management fee applicable to all or any of the
investors in each Private Fund or agree with an investor to waive or alter the management fee as
to that investor. Investors in a Private Fund may have different fee arrangements. We may from
time to time enter into a side letter agreement with one or more investors in a Private Fund
which may, among other terms, provide for reduced management fees or greater or more
frequent transparency with respect to the Private Fund.
Management fees are payable monthly or quarterly in advance or in arrears, as the case may be,
and performance fees may be payable when earned. We may elect to defer payment of all or part
of the management fee and/or performance fee. Management fees and performance fees are
generally deducted from the applicable Private Fund assets.
Each Private Fund was organized with the intent that it be advised by us, and a related person
serves as the general partner of each Private Fund. No general partner of any Private Fund
intends to cause the Private Fund to terminate its advisory relationship with us absent our
liquidation or bankruptcy. In addition, Private Fund investors generally are not permitted to
withdraw from a Private Fund prior to its dissolution but may sell or transfer their interests
subject to approval by the general partner. Private Fund investors individually have no right to
terminate the Private Fund’s advisory relationship with us.
We and/or our affiliates may be entitled to receive fees from actual or prospective portfolio
investments of the Private Funds, including origination, directors’, transaction, breakup,
commitment, closing, and monitoring fees. Although these fees are in addition to management
fees paid by the Private Funds, we and/or our affiliates will in certain circumstances reduce
management fees in connection with the receipt of such fees.
In addition to the foregoing fees, to the extent that we sponsor or manage any Co-Investment
Fund, we may be entitled to earn certain fees from any Co-Investment Fund in connection
therewith.
Investors should refer to the applicable Governing Documents for more details related to
calculation and payment of fees for the Private Funds.
B. Other Fees and Expenses The Private Fund assets are held in the custody of a bank, trust company, broker-dealer or other
entity selected by us. The Private Fund will bear any custodial fees associated with such
account. Any fees so incurred by the Private Fund will be in addition to the management fee
payable to us. See Item 15.
The Governing Documents of each Private Fund provide a description of any additional fees and
expenses for which such Private Fund may be responsible. Generally, each Private Fund will be
responsible for all costs and expenses relating to the organization of such Private Fund and of
maintaining the operations of such Private Fund and the investments paid by or on behalf of
such Private Fund, including, without limitation, (i) legal, filing, auditing, consulting,
administration, accounting and other professional fees and expenses; (ii) expenses associated
with periodic reporting to the Private Funds; (iii) financial statements and tax returns; (iv)
insurance, interest and other expenses incurred in respect of borrowings, if any; (v) other
expenses associated with the acquisition, holding, monitoring, settlement and disposition of
such Private Fund’s investments (including, without limitation, any brokerage, custody or
hedging costs); (vi) the costs and expenses of any custodians, lenders, investment banks and
other financing sources; (vii) any indemnity expenses; and (viii) the costs and expenses of any
litigation involving such Private Fund.
To the extent we or any affiliate receive any origination, disposition or exit fees in connection
with the operation of or management of the assets of a Private Fund (“Transaction Fees“), such
Transaction Fees will either be paid to the Private Fund or credited against the management fee
payable to us (in either case net of any related unreimbursed expenses incurred by us or any
affiliate).
Any expenses common to one or more Private Funds generally are allocated among such entities
on a basis reasonably believed to be equitable and fair by us in accordance with the Private
Funds’ Governing Documents and/or our policies.
C. Sales Compensation We may engage, or cause the Private Funds to engage, unaffiliated placement agents to market
and sell interests or shares in the Private Funds to prospective investors. We require placement
agents to have all appropriate licenses and registrations to conduct their business, including
when applicable, to be registered as broker-dealers with the SEC and to be members of FINRA.
The applicable Five Mile Manager may elect to reduce the management fee to the extent of any
placement fees borne by the Private Fund.
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“Performance-Based Fees” are fees that are based on a share of the capital gains or capital
appreciation of the assets of an account. We may receive performance fees from the Clients that
we manage. See Item 5.A above. Fees based on performance will only be charged in accordance
with the provisions of Rule 205-3 under the Advisers Act.
Performance-based compensation may create an incentive for us to cause a Client to make
investments that are riskier than it would otherwise make. Performance-based fee
arrangements may also create an incentive to favor those Clients with a higher carried interest
percentage over other Clients in the devotion of time, resources and allocation of investment
opportunities. Clients have investment periods and overall duration that are generally limited to
prescribed time periods, subject to extensions as permitted under the Governing Documents.
The prospect of continuing to earn additional income from a Client may also create an incentive
for us to extend the investment period or duration of a Client in accordance with the Governing
Documents.
To manage these potential conflicts, we have adopted: (i) our Code of Ethics (see Item 11) that
includes a “Conflicts of Interest” policy that requires a review by members of our investment
team, senior management, Chief Compliance Officer and, if needed, a Conflicts Committee, of
proposed investments and sales and other business engagements for potential conflicts of
interest prior to the transaction or activity; and (ii) allocation policies which seek to ensure that
investment opportunities are allocated fairly among Clients and that all Clients are managed in
accordance with their investment mandate. See Item 12. We do not consider fee structures in
allocating investment opportunities.
In addition, generally, and except as may be otherwise set forth in the Governing Documents of a
Private Fund, conflict is mitigated by provisions that restrict Five Mile principals from forming a
new investment fund (other than co-investment vehicles and special purpose vehicles) having
similar investment objectives until a certain percentage of a Private Fund’s commitments have
been called, reserved or allocated for investment in portfolio companies or payment of Private
Fund expenses.
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We provide discretionary advisory services to the Private Funds. Investment advice is provided
directly to the Private Funds and not individually to the investors in the Private Funds.
We generally require investors in a Private Fund to make a minimum capital commitment to that
Private Fund, although the amount of the minimum varies from fund to fund. The minimum
investment requirements may be waived by us in our sole discretion. Investors that are U.S.
persons must be “accredited investors” under Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, “qualified clients” under the Advisers Act who are eligible to enter into a performance
fee arrangement, and, for some Private Funds, “qualified purchasers” under the Investment
Company Act.
All potential investors must go through certain suitability and compliance procedures (including
anti‐money laundering procedures), prior to acceptance of any subscription from such investor
for Private Funds. We require all investors to make representations concerning their financial
sophistication and ability to bear the risk of loss of their entire investment.
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LOSS A. Methods of Analysis Our investment strategy for our Clients is based on an asset level investment approach in the
following areas: (i) asset level credit underwriting; (ii) securitization and structuring of asset
pools; (iii) servicing/risk management; and (iv) operating models for real estate, consumer
finance and other leveraged finance companies. By constantly surveying opportunities across
asset categories as well as throughout the capital structure in an opportunistic fashion, the
Management Team endeavors to optimize each Client’s risk/return profile.
Target Complex Transactions
Assessing real estate related debt and other financial assets structures and achieving appropriate
risk-adjusted returns requires careful asset level analysis. We maintain in-house resources to
model and analyze the characteristics of the proposed investments, generate cash flow
projections and conduct scenario and sensitivity analyses on these projections. Our team has
developed a thorough due diligence, underwriting and investment review process, which enables
us to analyze, underwrite and quickly close time-sensitive transactions.
Focus on Undervalued or Out-of-Favor Asset-Based Cash Flows
We target primarily debt and debt-like investment opportunities demonstrating strong current
cash flow and/or the potential for value generation and capital appreciation.
Create Value through Structuring Techniques
We endeavor to enhance investment returns through the use of structured finance techniques,
including securitization, asset repositioning and the transfer of risks to third parties, either
directly or through the use of derivative instruments.
Actively Identify and Mitigate Risks
We attempt to mitigate the risks inherent in the investment strategy through: (i) complete and
thorough due diligence, including not only credit and market driven factors but legal and
sponsor due diligence; (ii) ongoing performance monitoring with a focus on the intended exit of
an investment; and (iii) ongoing portfolio analysis of interest rates, leverage and other market
driven risks.
Continually Evaluate Exit Options
Some investments contain intrinsic exit strategies through expected amortization of principal
and contractual maturities. Stress analyses are performed on such assets to gauge potential
refinancing risk at maturity. Additionally, return expectations are be analyzed under various exit
strategies, such as asset sales, foreclosures, work-outs and securitizations. In the case of a
private equity or platform investment, the Management Team continually monitors the
performance metrics of such investments versus public and private market comparables in order
to estimate potential value creation in the context of possible exits.
B. Investment Strategies Investments in securities involve risk of loss that investors must be prepared to bear
The following is a summary of the principal investment strategies employed by us for our Private
Funds. The material risks associated with each of these strategies is set forth in C. below. This is
a summary only. Investors should look to the Governing Documents of each Private Fund for a
more complete description of each strategy. Investors should not rely solely on the descriptions
provided below.
1.
Five Mile Capital Structured Income Fund LP—purchases, originates, finances, manages and
disposes of investments in the following asset classes:
• real estate debt instruments
• other financial asset oriented debt instruments
• other asset-based investments
The investment period of Five Mile Capital Structured Income Fund LP has ended and, as such,
Five Mile Capital Structured Income Fund LP is no longer permitted to make new investments.
2. Five Mile Capital Partners II LP—purchases, originates, finances, manages and disposes of
investments in the following asset classes:
• real estate debt instruments
• other financial asset oriented debt instruments
• direct real estate equity
• financial asset-based companies
The investment period of Five Mile Capital Partners II LP has ended and, as such, Five Mile
Capital Partners II LP is no longer permitted to make new investments.
3. Five Mile Capital Investment Opportunities LP—purchases, originates, finances, manages and
disposes of investments in the following asset classes:
• commercial real estate debt instruments
• distressed commercial real estate debt instruments
• direct real estate equity
The investment period of Five Mile Capital Investment Opportunities LP has ended and, as such,
Five Mile Capital Investment Opportunities LP is no longer permitted to make new investments.
4. Five Mile Capital II CT Co-Investment LP—purchases, originates, finances, manages and
disposes of investments in the following asset classes:
• commercial real estate debt instruments
• other financial asset oriented debt instruments
The investment period of Five Mile Capital II CT Co-Investment I LP has ended and, as such, Five
Mile Capital II CT Co-Investment I LP is no longer permitted to make new investments.
5. Five Mile Capital II LOPO Co-Investment LP—purchases, originates, finances, manages and
disposes of investments in the following asset classes:
• direct commercial real estate equity
The investment period of Five Mile Capital II LOPO Co-Investment LP has ended and, as such,
Five Mile Capital II LOPO Co-Investment LP is no longer permitted to make new investments.
Investment opportunities which are appropriate for more than one Client will be allocated by us
according to our allocation policies as set forth in the Governing Documents of each Private Fund
and as described further in Item 12.B below.
C. Material Risks Investment risks specific to the investment strategy of each Private Fund are described in the
Governing Documents of such Private Fund. Such risks may include (but are not limited to):
Investment Risk
Acquiring interests in a Private Fund is intended for sophisticated investors who can accept a
high degree of risk in their portfolio, do not need regular current income from their investment
with us and can accept a potential loss of their entire investment. A Client portfolio may lack
diversification and liquidity, and its performance may be volatile, thereby increasing the risk of
loss. In addition, the fees and expenses associated with the Private Fund may offset its profits.
General Market and Economic Conditions
The success of a Private Fund’s investments will be affected by general economic and market
conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates, economic
uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation of the investments), trade
barriers, currency exchange controls, and national and international political circumstances
(including wars, terrorist acts or security operations).
High Risk Investments
The Client may pursue an opportunistic credit driven investment strategy targeting real estate
and financial asset investments. This is done through (i) investing in, or originating, real estate
and financial asset oriented debt instruments; (ii) purchasing pools of such assets; (iii)
purchasing securities backed by such instruments; (iv) investing in platforms/companies that
focus on originating, servicing or financing such assets; and (v) investing in direct real estate
equity. Such assets generally carry below-investment grade credit ratings or lack credit ratings
altogether. These assets and/or the loans underlying these types of assets may be in default or
may have a greater than normal risk of future defaults, delinquencies, bankruptcies or fraud
losses. There can be no assurance that the assets will perform, the borrowers will pay as
expected, or, if defaulted, that the underlying assets will be able to be foreclosed upon and
liquidated in a cost effective manner. In addition to the risks of borrower default, the Client will
be subject to a variety of risks in connection with such debt instruments, including risks arising
from mismanagement or a decline in the value of collateral, contested foreclosures, bankruptcy
of the debtor, claims for lender liability, violations of usury laws and the imposition of common
law or statutory restrictions on the Client’s exercise of contractual remedies for defaults on such
investments.
Future Investments Unspecified
The investors may not have an opportunity to evaluate for themselves the investments in which
the Client’s capital will be invested or the terms of these investments. The investors must
depend upon the ability of the general partner and the investment manager with respect to the
selection, pricing and management of the investments made. Investments will be made over a
substantial period of time and, accordingly, the real estate and debt markets, including interest
rates, may change over time.
Non-Performing Loans
Loans acquired by the Client may thereafter become non-performing for a wide variety of
reasons. Such non-performing loans may require a substantial amount of workout negotiations
and/or restructuring, which may entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the
interest rate and a substantial write-down of the principal of such loan. However, even if a
restructuring were successfully accomplished, a risk exists that, upon maturity of such loan,
replacement financing will not be available or that the borrower will not otherwise be able to
repay the loan. It is possible that the general partner may find it necessary or desirable to
foreclose on collateral securing one or more loans purchased by the Client. The foreclosure
process will vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and can be lengthy and expensive. Borrowers
often resist foreclosure actions by asserting numerous claims, counterclaims and defenses against
the holder of a residential mortgage loan, including lender liability claims and defenses, even when
such assertions may have no basis in fact, in an effort to prolong the foreclosure action. During
the foreclosure proceedings, a borrower may have the ability to file for bankruptcy or its
equivalent, potentially staying the foreclosure action and further delaying the foreclosure process.
Foreclosure litigation also tends to create a negative public image of the collateral property and
may potentially negatively affect the public image of the Client.
Refinancing Market
The Client may utilize the refinancing of loans as an exit strategy. The ability of the Client to
successfully utilize loan refinancings as an exit strategy will depend on a number of factors
beyond the control of the Client such as market interest rates, mortgage spreads, underwriting
standards, and investor appetite for residential mortgage securitizations. Should it become more
difficult to facilitate mortgage refinancing as a result of such factors, such an event could have an
adverse effect on the ability of the Client to realize its return and liquidity objectives.
Competition for Investment Opportunities
The current marketplace contains a number of investors that focus on the investments targeted by
the Clients, creating a competitive environment for such investments. Furthermore, it is possible
that new investors – which could include investment funds or other financial institutions – could
compete for the Client’s target investments. Competition for these investments, beyond that
which is currently foreseen, could reduce or extinguish anticipated margins and expected returns.
Risks of Leverage
To the extent that a Client may employ leverage through asset specific financings such as repo
and other collateralized borrowings in seeking returns, the amount of borrowings that the Client
may have outstanding and/or to which its investments may be subject, at any time, may be large in
relation to its capital and available capital commitments. Although the use of leverage may
enhance returns, it will also substantially increase the risk of loss. For example, under certain
declining market conditions, the Client’s lenders could make margin calls that require the Client to
post additional cash or collateral as security for a loan, thereby resulting in significant impairment
of value. Because many borrowings are cross-collateralized, it is likely that the Client could
experience concurrent foreclosures of multiple financed assets, accompanied by attendant losses
upon lender liquidations. The failure to maintain a debt-to-equity ratio at specified levels may
result in additional borrowings being unavailable, cash being diverted to amortize principal of
outstanding borrowings, additional equity contributions being required or the liquidation of the
Client’s investments in order to satisfy such limitations.
In connection with any financing obtained by the Client, the Client may be required to make
certain representations and warranties to one or more lenders. The Client may also be required to
indemnify the lenders pursuant to the terms of any financing in case any such representations and
warranties are inaccurate. These arrangements may create contingent liabilities of the Client, for
which the general partner or the investment manager may establish reserves or escrow accounts.
The Client may also be unable to obtain financing, which would decrease the likelihood that the
Client will obtain its targeted returns.
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Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or
disciplinary events that would be material to a Client’s or potential Client’s evaluation of the firm
or the integrity of the firm’s management in this item.
We have no legal or disciplinary events to report.
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A. Registration as a Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator, Commodity Trading Adviser or Associated Person Neither we nor any management person is registered as a futures commission merchant,
commodity pool operator, and commodity trading advisor or associated person of any such
entities.
B. Material Relationships We currently have certain relationships or arrangements with related persons that are material
to our advisory business and the Clients.
Below is a discussion of such relationships/arrangements and certain conflicts that arise from
them
.
Investment Company or Other Pooled Investment Vehicle
FMCP and/or an affiliate act as adviser and/or general partner to the Private Funds.
Certain of the Private Funds have “key personnel” provisions in their Governing Documents
which requires the Management Team members to devote substantially all of their business
time to managing the assets and operations of the Private Funds and implementing the
investment strategy of the Private Funds.
Other Investment Adviser or Financial Planner
As indicated in Item 4, we control the Five Mile Managers who are relying on our registration
under the Advisers Act and are not registering themselves.
Certain inherent conflicts of interest arise from the fact that: (1) we provide investment
management services to more than one Client, and (2) Clients may have one or more
overlapping investment objectives and/or investment strategies and participation in specific
investment opportunities may be appropriate for more than one Client. Participation in
investment opportunities which are suitable for more than one Client will be allocated pursuant
to our allocation policy and procedures (see Item 12.B).
Selection of Service Providers
Except as may otherwise be provided under the terms of a Private Fund’s Governing Documents,
we generally select Client service providers and determine the compensation of such providers
without review by or the consent of an advisory board or other independent party for the
Private Funds. The Clients, regardless of the relationship of the person performing the services,
bear the fees, costs and expenses related to such services. This may create an incentive for us to
select an affiliated service provider or to select service providers based on the potential benefit
to us, rather than to the Clients. For example, we may engage the same service provider to
provide products or services to a Client that also provides products or services to a Five Mile
Manager, which creates a potential conflict of interest to the extent the interests of such parties
are not aligned. We may engage a service provider for a Client from which we or a related
person or another Client may obtain or may have already obtained products or services. These
relationships may incentivize us to recommend certain service providers presenting a conflict
between our economic interest and our interest in maintaining such relationships and what is in
the best interests of the Clients (e.g., using high quality or low quality service providers).
We address these conflicts of interest by using reasonable diligence to ascertain whether each
service provider provides its service on a “best execution” basis, taking into account factors such
as expertise, availability and quality of service and the competitiveness of compensation rates in
comparison with other service providers satisfying our service provider selection criteria. In
addition, in the event such service providers are affiliates of the Five Mile Managers (as opposed
to third parties), the engagement of such providers must typically comply with the conditions
applicable to affiliate transactions, if any, set forth in the Private Fund’s Governing Documents
where such fee rates could differ from Private Fund to Private Fund depending on the conditions
as set forth in the Private Fund’s Governing Documents. For example, transaction, management,
construction, property and similar fees rates received by an affiliate of the General Partner for
certain Private Funds could be required to be no greater than a fee that would be paid to a third
party in an arms’ length transaction. For other Clients, the fee rates could be higher or lower
than what would be paid to a third party in an arms’ length transaction, on a best execution basis
as described in this paragraph. We have also implemented a “Conflicts of Interest” policy that
requires the review by members of our investment team, senior management, Chief Compliance
Officer and, if needed, a Conflicts Committee, of proposed investments and sales and other
business engagements including the hiring of service providers for potential conflicts of interest
prior to the transaction or activity.
Business with Portfolio Companies and Investors
We invest on behalf of the Private Funds in various investment entities (“Portfolio
Companies”). We have employed, engaged or recommended the services of a Portfolio
Company owned by one Private Fund for another Private Fund or for a Portfolio Company held
by another Private Fund. We may have a conflict of interest in making such recommendations or
in using such Portfolio Company, as we have an incentive to recommend the Portfolio Company’s
services even if another service provider is more qualified to provide the applicable services
and/or can provide such services at a lesser cost. The Private Fund holding the service-
providing Portfolio Company may also be advantaged. Such services and products are generally
provided by the Portfolio Company at market rate but may be provided at a discount.
From time to time, we, our employees, affiliates and/or strategic partners receive discounted
goods or services and/or other benefits from certain investment properties (or their related
persons). Such discounts are similar to those provided to management or employees of the
investment properties. For example, employees generally have received discounts from
investment properties that are hotel properties. These discounts were not excessive and were
subject to Five Mile’s gift policy. However, since certain of the Private Funds may have an
investment with such investment properties, obtaining services and discounts presents a
conflict of interest. For example, the receipt of such services, products and/or discounts from an
investment property may influence Five Mile’s investment decisions presenting a conflict
between our economic interest and what are in the best interests of the Private Funds.
We or our related persons have entered into joint venture partnerships with one or more
investors. We or our related persons may from time to time utilize the services of one or more
investors or their affiliates on an arm’s length basis, as the parties deem appropriate. Our
employees, their related persons or immediate family members may maintain or have
maintained outside business relationships with one or more investors, Portfolio Companies,
investment property and/or the Private Funds. Such relationships may influence our
investment decisions for the Private Funds which may present a conflict of interest between our
economic interest and what is in the best interest of the Private Funds.
We address these conflicts through procedures set forth in our Code of Ethics and our Conflicts
of Interest Policy.
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A. Code of Ethics We recognize that the personal securities transactions of certain of our employees considered
“Access Persons” under applicable regulations demand the application of a high code of ethics,
and we require that all such transactions be carried out in a way that does not endanger the
interest of any Client. At the same time, we believe that if investment goals are similar for the
Clients and for such employees, it is logical and even desirable that there be common ownership
of some securities or investments.
In order to address conflicts of interest, we have adopted a code of ethics (the “Code”) which is
applicable to all of our supervised persons (“Supervised Persons”). The Code generally sets the
standard of ethical and professional business conduct that requires Supervised Persons to
comply with applicable federal securities laws and regulations and sets forth provisions
regarding personal securities transactions by certain Supervised Persons deemed as “Access
Persons,” i.e., those persons who have access to certain of Five Mile investment information and
transactions, under applicable regulations. Five Mile treats all employees who are Supervised
Persons as Access Persons. Additionally, the Code sets forth our policies and procedures with
respect to material, non-public information and other confidential information and the fiduciary
obligations that we and each of our Supervised Persons owes to each Client.
The Code also sets forth certain reporting and pre-clearance requirements with respect to
personal trading by Access Persons. Five Mile’s Access Persons must provide Five Mile’s Chief
Compliance Officer with a list of their reportable personal accounts and an initial holdings report
within 10 days of becoming an Access Person. In addition, Five Mile’s Access Persons must
provide annual holdings reports and quarterly transactions in accordance with Rule 204A-1 of
the Advisers Act.
The Code ensures the protection of non-public information about the activities of our Clients and
the investors and has in place insider trading policies and procedures. Five Mile maintains a
Restricted List that includes issuers about which any Supervised Person may have material non-
public information. As a general matter, Access Persons are prohibited from trading in the
securities of issuers that are included on Five Mile’s Restricted List (or any other securities to
which the material non-public information relates) for either a personal account or for any
Client.
The Code and other related Five Mile compliance policies and procedures also include other
provisions to comply with the securities laws and to address conflicts of interest such as the
following:
• Chief Compliance Officer pre-clearance of Access Person personal investments in
initial public offerings. private placement transactions and securities in any sector in
which any of the Clients may invest
• Supervised Person restrictions on gifts and entertainment
• Approval of Supervised Person outside business activities
• Restrictions on certain political contributions
• Policies and procedures intended to comply with the Global Anti-Corruption Laws and
restrictions on political activities and contributions
• Conflicts of Interest policy that includes a review of proposed investments and sales
for Clients and other business engagements for potential conflicts of interest and
resolution.
Five Mile’s compliance team periodically monitors Access Persons’ personal account trading
against the Restricted List and general compliance with the Code.
The Code is circulated at least annually to all Supervised Persons, and each Supervised Person at
least annually must certify in writing that he or she has received and agreed to abide by the Code
and any amendments thereto.
We will provide a copy of the Code to any existing or prospective client or investor on request.
B. Recommendations Involving Material Financial Interests
We may participate or have an interest in Client transactions as described below. We make all
investment management decisions in the Client’s best interests.
Principal and Agency Transactions Principal transactions are generally defined as transactions where an adviser, acting as principal
for its own account, buys from, or sells any security to, an advisory client. A principal transaction
would occur if FMCP bought securities for its own inventory from a Client or sold securities from
its inventory to a Client.
We do not engage in principal transactions with our Clients.
An “agency cross transaction” is defined as a transaction where a person acts as an investment
adviser in relation to a transaction in which the investment adviser, or any person controlled by
or under common control with the investment adviser, acts as broker for both the advisory client
and for another person on the other side of the transaction. We do not engage in agency cross
transactions.
Cross Transactions
It is our policy not to engage in buying or selling of securities from one Client to another
(typically referred to as a “cross trade”).
Investment in Funds
We or an affiliate will generally make an investment in the Private Funds. We or an affiliate may
also purchase (and sell) interests of certain Private Funds, generally as a co-investment. We, our
investment professionals, principals, and related persons may invest in the Private Funds or be
granted interest in or phantom interests related to the Private Funds. We do not believe that
these investments cause a conflict of interest between us and the Private Funds but rather
function to better align the interests of the investors with our own interests since our own
capital or an affiliate’s is being invested alongside the investors’ capital. By virtue of our capital
investment in the Private Funds, we may be considered to participate, indirectly, in transactions
effected for the Private Funds. The foregoing relationships, fees and any other actual or potential
conflicts of interest arising therefrom are disclosed in the Private Fund’s Governing Documents.
Any such investments are made in conformity with the Code which has procedures regarding the
use of confidential information and personal investing.
Buying and Selling Securities That Are Recommended to Clients
We may buy for Clients securities of issuers in which another Client has made, or is making, a
senior or subordinate investment, which may create conflicts of interest. For example, if one
Client is invested in debt securities of an issuer and another Client is invested in equity securities
of the same issuer, if the issuer experiences financial or operating challenges which impact the
price of its securities, decisions relating to actions to be taken may raise conflicts of interest
between these Clients. We may have Clients with different or competing investment objectives.
As a result, we may take, on behalf of one Client, consistent with such Client’s investment
objectives, a contrary investment position to that taken by another Client which position is
consistent with such other Client’s investment objective.
C. Other Conflicts of Interest Our Code of Ethics or compliance manual has policies and procedures to address the following
additional conflicts of interest. While we do not believe that there are any conflicts that pose
material risks to the Clients, we wish to note some additional potential conflicts that are inherent
in our structure and activities. We also have included brief descriptions of the procedures we
use to mitigate their effects.
Conflicts from Other Activities and Investments
We may engage in a broad spectrum of finance and investment activities that are independent
from, and may from time to time conflict with, those of our Clients. In the future there may be
instances where our interests conflict with the interests of our Clients and/or its investors.
Subject to the restrictions set forth in the Governing Documents, we may engage in transactions
with, provide services to, invest in, advise, sponsor and/or act as investment manager to
Portfolio Companies, investment vehicles and other persons or entities that may have similar
structures and investment objectives and policies to those of our Clients. These entities may
compete with our Clients for investment opportunities. They may also co-invest with the Private
Funds in certain transactions.
To address these conflicts of interest, we have adopted allocation policies (See Item 12) as well
as a Conflicts of Interest Policy as described in Item 10.B. In addition, when necessary,
information barriers have been established separating Five Mile employees in possession of any
material, non-public information (“MNPI”) and proprietary information that includes
investment, portfolio and research information applicable to our Clients from those employees
working in other Five Mile activities or other affiliated or outside businesses.
Valuations
Our Clients may at times hold illiquid or difficult to value investments. We believe our valuation
policies and procedures enable us to value Client assets fairly and in a manner that is consistent
with the best interests of our Clients. We have the authority to determine the value of our
investments which may be illiquid or difficult to value. Our judgments as to the value of
investments in our Clients for the Private Funds are also subject to review and audit by the
Private Funds’ auditors.
Conflicts from Competing Interests
Our Clients may compete with each other for access to our resources, including investment
opportunities. There may be conflicts of interest in allocating investment opportunities among
the current and future Clients we manage. Subject to the terms of the Private Fund’s Governing
Documents, there are no restrictions on us from forming, sponsoring, owning and/or managing
additional investment vehicles that have overlapping investment objectives or investment
criteria. We are subject to our own allocation policies, which are subject to change in our
discretion. We may devote more time, attention or resources to some of these potentially
competing Clients than to others or present an opportunity to certain Clients that we do not or
cannot present to all. This could have a material adverse effect on a Client’s ability to acquire
assets, generate cash flow and income, and make distributions.
We may confront conflict concerns when allocating scarce investment opportunities, given the
benefit to us of favoring Clients that pay a higher fee or generate more income for us. To address
this conflict of interest, we have adopted allocation policies (See Item 12) as well as a Conflicts of
Interest Policy as described in Item 10.B.
Performance-based compensation may create a conflict of interest, as it can create an incentive
for us to make or recommend investments that are riskier or more speculative than would be
the case in the absence of such compensation structure. Certain of our Supervised Persons may
individually receive, as part of their compensation, carried interest payments or equivalent
phantom interests, which are based on the performance of the relevant Client. To address this
conflict of interest, we have adopted allocation policies (See Item 12) as well as a Conflicts of
Interest Policy as described in Item 10.B.
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A. Criteria for Selection of Broker-Dealers In General—Brokerage Selection and Best Execution
As a general matter, Five Mile investments primarily involve real estate properties and
residential or commercial pooled mortgages in private transactions that are not deemed as
“securities” and are not executed on any public or private exchange. Five Mile recognizes that it
has a duty to obtain “best execution” for any securities transactions made for Clients. If in the
future Five Mile’s business involves direct trading of securities with brokers or dealers as part of
the overall investment mandate, Five Mile’s portfolio managers will inform the Chief Compliance
Officer who will monitor Five Mile’s brokerage policies and procedures as stated below.
Five Mile Clients may invest in security positions consisting of certain types of structured credit
securities (e.g., RMBS). For the disposition of these securities, Five Mile will attempt to execute
transactions at the best net price, considering all relevant circumstances and factors. While the
selection of a broker or dealer to execute a transaction for the Clients often will be a function of
the facts and circumstances surrounding a particular execution, Five Mile considers the following
factors: (a) price quotes (including the applicable spread or commission); (b) the extent to which
the broker-dealer makes a market in the securities involved or has access to such markets; (c)
liquidity of the market for the security; and (d) the size, type and difficulty of the transaction.
Five Mile will also maintain an approved broker list where a management team is responsible for
approving broker-dealers, banks and other financial institutions for eligibility to effect the Client
transactions and for reviewing broker-dealer trading volumes, prices, financial status and the
overall quality of execution.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
Soft dollars refers to the practice of using a portion of the commissions generated when
executing client transactions to acquire useful research and brokerage services from broker-
dealers. Our policy is to not direct soft dollar credits to individual brokers or dealers on behalf
of our Clients.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
We do not enter into agreements with, or make commitments to, any broker-dealer that would
bind us to compensate that broker-dealer, directly or indirectly, for client referrals (or sale of
fund interests) through the placement of brokerage transactions.
Directed Brokerage
We do not engage in directed brokerage transactions.
Trade Errors
Five Mile’s approach to investments involves long-term due diligence and a limited number of
investments. As a general matter, Five Mile does not anticipate that it will experience trade
errors similar to those that would be more common at an investment adviser that engages in
frequent trading of exchange-traded securities. Nevertheless, Five Mile is firmly committed to
its due diligence process and recognizes that it has a fiduciary duty to ensure that a Client
harmed by an error is put in the position it would have been in had no error occurred, but such a
result cannot be guaranteed. Each situation requires a tailored response and will be dealt with
on a case-by-case basis. The determination of whether a trade error is material (which justifies
the expenditures of resources to correct any such error) is at the sole discretion of Five Mile.
B. Allocation of Investment Opportunities
Five Mile provides investment management services for a number of Clients within separate
fund complexes primarily investing in long-term commercial projects in private transactions.
Five Mile does not invest on behalf of Clients on a frequent basis and generally does not open
new Private Funds to investors until predecessor Private Funds have been closed for
investments. Each Client generally has a separate and distinct investment focus and, as a result,
typically the different Clients will not invest in the same investment opportunities, except
perhaps for liquid securities when applicable. From time to time, it may be possible for limited
investment opportunities to be appropriate for more than one Private Fund and/or Co-
Investment Fund. Conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the allocation of limited
investment opportunity in two separate contexts: allocation of limited investment opportunities
among the different Clients and allocation of limited investment opportunities among Clients and
Five Mile, its employees or control persons or their respective affiliates. As a fiduciary, Five Mile
must allocate investment opportunities among Clients in a fair and equitable manner.
Five Mile Allocation Policy for Real Estate Properties It is the responsibility of the Investment Committee to ensure the appropriate allocation of
limited investment opportunities among more than one Private Fund investing in real estate
properties. In general, if a limited investment opportunity is sought by more than one Private
Fund, the Investment Committee will allocate such opportunity among the Private Funds on the
basis of each Private Fund’s relative assets (pro-rata) and subject to the investment guidelines of
the Governing Documents for each Private Fund. Five Mile may not be able to allocate an
investment opportunity (or portion thereof) to a Private Fund because of minimum investment
restrictions or excessive costs and may make allocations based upon other considerations that
are deemed fair and equitable. In these situations, Five Mile will determine which Private Funds
will participate in the allocation, and Private Funds without sufficient investment capital will not
participate in the allocation.
Reviews for Conflicts of Interest
In certain circumstances, Five Mile or its affiliates or control persons may wish to invest in an
opportunity that may also be appropriate for a Client. Prior to approving any investment by Five
Mile in such an opportunity, Five Mile will first ensure that either a) the Clients are not denied
the ability to invest in the opportunity because of Five Mile’s investment (capacity) or b) the
Clients do not wish to invest in such an opportunity because of legitimate portfolio or investment
reasons. Pursuant to Five Mile’s Code of Ethics, certain employees of Five Mile are required to
obtain pre-clearance of private securities transactions. Prior to approving any investment by
such an employee in a security that is eligible for investment by a Client, the Chief Compliance
Officer will determine that the Client is not denied the ability to invest in the opportunity
because of the employee’s investment (capacity) or b) the Clients do not wish to invest in such an
opportunity because of legitimate portfolio or investment reasons.
We have also implemented a “Conflicts of Interest” policy that requires a review of Private Fund
transactions and service providers for potential conflicts of interest. As part of this review, Five
Mile’s Chief Compliance Officer and/or the Conflicts Committee will review allocations of the
investment opportunities between the Private Funds when applicable and the terms of the
Private Fund Governing Documents prior to the transaction.
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A. Reviews The Management Team monitors all Clients and their investments on an ongoing basis. The
Management Team also is responsible for approving the acquisition by a Client of investments
meeting established or negotiated investment guidelines. The Management Team meets, as
needed, to review portfolio performance, portfolio diversification and investments.
B. Client Reports Private Fund investors receive such reports as are provided for in the Private Fund’s Governing
Documents. Private Fund financial statements will be prepared in accordance with U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and will be distributed to investors after the
end of each Private Fund’s fiscal year.
We, in our discretion, may provide more frequent reports and/or more detailed information to
all or any of the investors in the Private Funds.
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A. Compensation by Non-Clients To the extent we or any affiliate receive any origination, disposition or exit fees in connection
with the operation of a Private Fund or its investments (“Transaction Fees“), such Transaction
Fees will either be paid to the Private Fund or will be credited against the management fee
payable to us (in either case net of any related unreimbursed expenses incurred by us or any
affiliate).
We and/or our affiliates may be entitled to receive residual special servicing fees from the
servicing of commercial mortgage loans underlying certain of the investments of the Clients.
B. Compensation for Client Referrals From time to time, in accordance with applicable law, we may retain and compensate third
parties for introducing new investment advisory clients or investors to us. The compensation to
such parties generally represents a percentage of the management and incentive fees (if any)
paid by the Client to us. Clients do not pay a higher fee than they would otherwise pay due to the
solicitor’s involvement in the introduction.
While not a client solicitation arrangement, we note that we may from time to time engage, or
cause the Private Funds to engage, one or more persons, to act as a placement agent for a Private
Fund in connection with the offer and sale of interests to certain prospective investors. We
require placement agents to have all appropriate licenses and registrations to conduct their
business, including when applicable, to be registered as broker-dealers with the SEC and to be
members of FINRA.
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Generally, neither we nor our affiliates maintain physical possession of the funds or securities of
any Client. Physical custody of the assets of a Private Fund will be maintained with a bank, trust
company, broker-dealer or other qualified custodian (“Qualified Custodian”) selected by us in
our exclusive discretion, which selection may change from time to time generally without the
consent of investors in the Private Fund.
Although neither we nor our affiliates have physical possession or custody of the assets of any
Private Fund, under Rule 206(4)-2 of the Advisers Act (the “Custody Rule”), we are deemed to
have “constructive” custody of the assets of the Private Funds by virtue of our and our affiliates
relationships with the Private Funds.
In order to comply with the Custody Rule, the Private Funds undergo an annual audit performed
by an independent accounting firm registered with, and subject to inspection by, the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). The audited financial statements, prepared in
accordance with GAAP, are distributed to all investors in each Private Fund within 120 days of
the end of such fund’s fiscal year.
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Subject to any investment restrictions set forth in the Governing Documents for a Private Fund,
we have discretionary authority, without the Client’s consent, to buy and sell an investment and
to make determinations including the total amount; the brokers, investment banks or placement
agents chosen, if any; and the acquisition or sale price and associated fees at which investment
transactions for a Client are effected.
Our discretionary authority is derived from our authority as the investment manager of each
Private Fund and our authority pursuant to the Governing Documents, including the
Management Agreement of each Private Fund.
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Five Mile typically does not invest in equity securities on behalf of Clients. However, from time
to time, Five Mile may invest in equity securities that have voting rights attached to them and in
such cases will have authority to vote proxies for the Clients. Five Mile has a responsibility to
analyze the issues connected with shareholder votes, evaluate the probable impact on corporate
operations and vote proxies in what it views to be the best interests of its Clients.
The Chief Compliance Officer with the assistance of other relevant personnel will determine
whether Five Mile has a conflict of interest which would affect the proxies being voted. If a
material conflict is found to exist, Five Mile will not vote the proxies, and the Chief Compliance
Officer will determine whether the conflict of interest should be presented to the Conflicts
Committee, should be referred to Clients, or should be addressed in another manner. However,
given the lack of affiliations, it is expected that majority of all proxies will be voted by Five Mile.
Five Mile will, for a period of at least five years, maintain or have ready access to the documents
as required under Rule 206(4)–6 of the Advisers Act.
From time to time, Clients may hold securities that are involved in class action settlements. Five
Mile’s portfolio managers, as appropriate, shall review the terms of each class action settlement
as applicable to holders of the security in question and shall exercise its fiduciary duty to the
Client in determining whether or not to participate in such settlements. A written record of all
such decisions shall be maintained in accordance with Five Mile’s books and records policy.
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We are not aware of any financial condition reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet
contractual commitments to our Clients.
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