MILLENNIUM MANAGEMENT LLC
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Millennium Management LLC (“Millennium Management”), a Delaware limited liability company, and its predecessors have been in business since 1989. Millennium Management and its relying advisers (identified in please register to get more info
“Relying Adviser” and together the “Relying Advisers”) provide discretionary investment advisory services to certain private funds in accordance with their investment objectives and strategies as broadly described in Item 10 of this Brochure. Unless specifically noted otherwise, the responses to this Form ADV Part 2A combine information about Millennium Management and its Relying Advisers. Millennium Management and its affiliated entities are collectively referred to throughout this Brochure as “Millennium.” Millennium Management and its Relying Advisers are collectively referred to throughout this Brochure as the “Firm” or by use of the first person plural pronoun. Each of the private funds we manage is generally referred to throughout this Brochure as a “Fund” and are collectively referred to throughout this Brochure as the “Funds.” Certain Funds, directly or indirectly, invest all or substantially all of their assets in other Funds in a master-feeder structure. The principal of Millennium Management is Israel Englander. Mr. Englander and certain companies and trusts for his benefit and the benefit of his family (including MLM Trust B) directly or indirectly own 100% of the economic interests of Millennium Management. As of December 31, 2018, we managed approximately $36.4 billion in net assets for the Funds. All of these assets are managed on a discretionary basis.
Item 5 Fees and Compensation Fees, expenses and/or allocations associated with an investment in a Fund vary, depending on the Fund, and are set forth in such Fund’s offering document. Any applicable fees, expenses and/or allocations are deducted from a Fund investor’s assets as described below. Performance-based allocations or fees are generally allocated or paid, respectively, annually and upon an investor’s withdrawal or redemption from the applicable Fund. Asset-based fees are generally paid quarterly in advance and are generally subject to proration for (i) a subscription that does not fall on the first day of a quarter or (ii) a withdrawal or redemption that does not fall on the last day of a quarter. Millennium Partners, L.P. (“Millennium Partners”) and its Feeder Funds (together with Millennium Partners as the context may require, the “Millennium Partners Funds”) The Millennium Partners Funds generally bear, directly or indirectly, all expenses incurred in connection with the operation of the Millennium Partners Funds, without limitation (which are therefore borne by the investors in the Millennium Partners Funds), other than as described in Item 11 under “Portfolio Manager Investment in Own Strategies.” We generally refer to this as an “expense pass-through.” Each Millennium Partners Fund also pays us a performance-based allocation or an asset-based fee, and are generally responsible for: a generally pro rata portion of all of the fees and expenses that such Millennium Partners Fund and its affiliates incur (which include, among other things, the salaries, fringe benefits, bonuses, fees and performance-based compensation (collectively, “compensation”) and expenses paid or reimbursed to Portfolio Managers (as defined in Item 8 of this Brochure), other employees, consultants, subcontractors and agents, fees paid to persons or entities who assist in identifying and recruiting Portfolio Managers, expenses related to computers and other equipment and expenses related to maintaining offices, including leases and fixtures); and all fees and expenses incurred in connection with any transactions, engagements, and other agreements that such Millennium Partners Fund enters into on its own behalf, including, among other things, costs and expenses of its administrator, expenses incurred in connection with the private placement of interests (other than placement fees), and, with respect to non-U.S. Millennium Partners Funds, directors’ fees and expenses. Millennium Partners Funds in the aggregate bear all of the compensation paid to the Portfolio Managers (including Portfolio Managers that are Relying Advisers) and other employees of, and consultants to, the Firm and its affiliates. The compensation expenses also include management or “base” fees that are charged by certain Portfolio Managers or third-party funds. In addition, certain personnel who assist in overseeing groups of Portfolio Managers (e.g., the head of a particular strategy) receive compensation based on the overall performance of such Portfolio Managers. This compensation of Portfolio Managers and such personnel responsible for overseeing Portfolio Managers (as well as other Millennium employees) is separate from and in addition to the performance- or asset-based compensation we receive from the Millennium Partners Funds, which compensates us for services provided by our principal. Such expense is deducted prior to calculation of the performance- or asset-based compensation we receive from the Millennium Partners Funds. Compensation of a Portfolio Manager is generally determined as a percentage of profits earned by such Portfolio Manager during the preceding calendar year, with profits measured on an accrual (i.e., mark-to-market) basis and without taking into account the performance of other Portfolio Managers or of the Millennium Partners Funds generally. If a Portfolio Manager suffers net losses during the year, generally the losses are carried forward and past losses must be made up before performance-based compensation becomes payable in subsequent years. Portfolio Managers also receive a salary, which is generally treated as an advance against their profits interest if there are profits (although, for certain Portfolio Managers, instead is treated as an expense of their respective accounts). There is generally no “carryback” or “clawback” of losses to permit recouping of profit interests from prior years. Portfolio Managers with positive performance will receive performance-based compensation even if the Millennium Partners Funds’ overall returns are negative. We have agreed, and may in the future agree, to “guarantee” a level of compensation for a Portfolio Manager or other personnel for a particular year (or years) or to replace compensation that a Portfolio Manager or other personnel has forfeited in connection with the termination of prior employment. We have from time to time in the past negotiated, and may in the future negotiate, different compensation arrangements with Portfolio Managers and other personnel than those described above. In addition to the expenses listed above, the expenses of the Millennium Partners Funds, which are paid directly or indirectly by such Millennium Partners Funds, include all expenses directly or indirectly related to such Millennium Partners Funds’ investment activities, including, without limitation, brokerage commissions and interest expense; internal and external accounting expenses; audit and tax (including withholding tax) expenses; legal expenses; administrator, registrar and transfer agent fees and expenses; premiums for general partner liability insurance and risk-specific insurance and “key-man” life insurance on certain personnel; and other administrative and operating expenses. Millennium Partners has also loaned or advanced the capital to establish, capitalize and maintain the Foreign Advisers (as defined in funds. All determinations as to whether particular expenses are payable by the Millennium Partners feeder funds are made by the Firm in the reasonable exercise of its discretion. We may from time to time in the future advise additional funds or accounts with expense pass-through arrangements similar to the foregoing. WMQS Global Equity Active Extension Master Fund LP (the “WMQS GEAE Master”) and its Feeder Funds (together with the WMQS GEAE Master as the context may require, the “WMQS GEAE Funds”), WMA US Equity 130/30 Master Fund LP (the “WMA US Equity 130/30 Master” and its Feeder Fund (together with the WMA US Equity 130/30 Master, the “WMA US Equity 130/30 Funds”) and WMA International Equity 130/30 Master Fund LP (the “WMA International Equity 130/30 Master”) and its Feeder Fund (together with the WMA International Equity 130/30 Master, the “WMA International Equity 130/30 Funds”) (The WMQS GEAE Funds, the WMA US Equity 130/30 Funds and the WMA International Equity 130/30 Funds are collectively referred to herein as the “WMA Funds”) The WMA Funds are subject to the fee and allocation arrangements, and bear such expenses, as are set forth in the terms of such WMA Funds. The WMA Funds pay us either (i) a flat asset-based fee or (ii) the greater of an asset- based fee or a performance-based fee. The WMA Funds are generally responsible for the WMA Funds’ direct expenses (and generally a pro rata share of the expenses of the WMA Master) as set forth in the WMA Funds offering documents. Examples of the types of expenses borne by the WMA Funds include, but are not limited to, investment expenses, whether or not such investments are consummated (such as brokerage commissions, expenses relating to short sales, clearing and settlement charges, custodial fees, bank service fees and interest expenses); certain market data costs; third-party professional fees (including, without limitation, expenses of consultants, attorneys, accountants and other experts) relating to investments; directors’ fees and expenses; third-party administrative fees and expenses (including fees and expenses of the administrator); third-party legal expenses (including the updating of such WMA Fund’s offering documents, processing transfer requests, negotiations with prospective investors and extraordinary legal expenses, such as those related to litigation or regulatory investigations or proceedings); third-party accounting and valuation expenses (including, without limitation, the cost of accounting software packages); third-party audit and tax preparation expenses; fees, expenses (including, without limitation, expenses related to the organization and conduct of investor meetings (including, without limitation, travel, lodging and meal expenses)), if any; costs of printing and mailing reports and notices; entity- level taxes (including, without limitation, investor-related taxes); third-party expenses related to preparing and making regulatory and compliance filings associated with such WMA Fund and its investment activities, such as filing fees and costs of software and systems relating to such filings; organizational expenses; expenses incurred in connection with the offering and sale of the interests and other similar expenses related to such WMA Fund (excluding fees payable to any placement agent); indemnification expenses; extraordinary expenses; and the cost of certain Bloomberg terminals in support of investment activities, operations and middle office. We may from time to time in the future advise additional funds or accounts with expense arrangements similar to or different from the foregoing. Such funds or accounts may bear additional expenses as permitted under the terms of such fund or account. General Certain expenses are shared across different Funds or across the Funds and other businesses of the Firm and allocated among the Funds and the Firm in accordance with our expense allocation methodologies. Our expense allocation methodologies and certain conflicts of interest that may be raised by them are discussed further in Item 11 of this Brochure. The Funds incur brokerage and other transaction costs, as discussed further in Item 12 of this Brochure. Item 6 Performance-Based Fees and Side-By-Side Management As described in Item 5 of this Brochure, we manage Funds that bear performance-based allocations or fees and Funds that bear asset-based fees. Performance-based allocations or fees borne by the Funds may, under some circumstances, create an incentive to cause a Fund to make investments that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case if the compensation were not performance-based, particularly in any period after losses have been suffered, as losses from prior periods must generally be recovered before any performance-based allocation or fee is payable. Further, Portfolio Managers, who are generally compensated based on their performance, may have similar incentives to engage in more speculative activities than would be the case if their compensation were not performance-based, particularly in any period after losses have been suffered. This compensation structure may be seen to create an incentive for a Portfolio Manager to accept significant risks, in excess of levels that a Fund might find acceptable, in seeking to obtain profits. Nonetheless, we have found the compensation scheme generally effective over time in providing trading incentives that correspond appropriately to each Fund’s goals. Additional conflicts regarding the management of multiple Funds with different fee and expense structures are described in Item 11 of this Brochure. Item 7 Types of Clients Our clients are private funds. In the future, we may provide investment advice to other clients, including other funds or separately managed accounts. Item 8 Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss We manage the capital of each Fund in accordance with its investment objectives, which are broadly set forth in the applicable Fund’s offering document. Millennium Partners Funds For the Millennium Partners Funds, we follow an investment strategy that is opportunistic with respect to investments and strategies and that is broadly diversified and global in scope. We do so by selecting, monitoring and evaluating Portfolio Managers and allocating and reallocating the Millennium Partners Funds’ invested capital among them. For the Millennium Partners Funds, we also make direct (i.e., not through Portfolio Managers) investments of the Millennium Partner Funds’ capital, either as a profit-seeking investment (e.g., direct trading activities) or as hedges, or “contra” trades that seek to establish a reduction in certain exposures. Our direct trading activities with respect to the Millennium Partners Funds have included, and may in the future include, increasing (potentially materially) the Millennium Partners Funds’ exposure to certain strategies or positions or to netted positions held by a number of Portfolio Managers. However, there is no obligation for us to engage in such activities. Additionally, there is no guarantee that direct trading activities will be profitable, and, with respect to increasing the Millennium Partners Funds’ exposure to certain strategies or positions, such activities may exacerbate any losses associated with such strategies or positions. Consistent with this approach (and unlike many investment partnerships that as a matter of investment policy require that no more than a fixed percentage of their assets be invested in any one industry or group of industries), we do not establish fixed guidelines regarding diversification of investments to be followed by the Millennium Partners Funds. At any given time, the Millennium Partners Funds’ assets could be concentrated in securities or asset classes that the Portfolio Managers (subject to the oversight of our Risk Management group) believe offer an optimal opportunity for appreciation. However, by virtue of our structure, in which assets are allocated among a number of Portfolio Managers utilizing different strategies and investment approaches, as well as our general risk management principles, which discourage concentrations and apply Firm-wide oversight, the Millennium Partners Fund’s assets will usually be employed among a diversified set of strategies. The investment strategies that the Millennium Partners Funds employ include, among other things, most or all of the following core strategies: relative value fundamental equity; statistical arbitrage/quantitative; fixed-income; merger arbitrage and event-driven; and commodities. The Millennium Partners Funds may, and typically do, also invest in certain other strategies, including, among others, closed-end fund/asset arbitrage, distressed investing, convertible arbitrage and options arbitrage. However, as noted above, the Millennium Partners Funds may concentrate investments in a select few strategies while not employing others and may employ additional investment strategies or suspend any such strategies, as determined by us in our discretion, at any time without notice. There are no substantive limits on the investment strategies that may be pursued by the Millennium Partners Funds.
As used in this Brochure, the term “Portfolio Manager” refers to a group, typically one to five individuals but sometimes many more, operating as a single team to manage all or portion of a particular Fund’s assets. In some instances a team-member is a sub-Portfolio Manager to whom day-to-day responsibility for oversight of a portion of a Portfolio Manager’s portfolio is delegated. Although most of the Firm’s Portfolio Managers are actively involved in the day-to-day investment decision-making process with respect to their respective strategies, we may, and do, allocate capital to Portfolio Managers who manage larger teams and whose primary function is to oversee and manage other investment personnel that are responsible for making investment decisions within a particular strategy or strategies. Most Portfolio Managers are employed by Millennium, while certain others are third-party independent contractors not employed by Millennium (and in certain cases are also Relying Advisers). Certain Portfolio Managers employed by Millennium form limited liability companies or other entities in connection with the performance of their services to Millennium. Portfolio Managers operate their respective trading groups and are primarily responsible for their groups’ trading, personnel, and similar decisions, subject to our risk management and, in the case of Portfolio Managers that are Millennium employees or that are Relying Advisers, to Millennium’s supervision and control. Portfolio Managers that are independent contractors are responsible for hiring of personnel and certain other aspects of their business, although Millennium generally retains ultimate control over the Millennium accounts managed by such Portfolio Managers. Millennium may also provide certain administrative or other services to such Portfolio Managers, and has done so for certain Portfolio Managers. Certain of such Portfolio Managers also manage capital for one or more other clients. Certain Portfolio Managers who were directly employed by Millennium or who managed assets of the Funds exclusively have become independent contractors or are now providing services to other clients, and others may do so in the future. WMA Funds The WMA Funds are ultimately managed by a single Portfolio Manager, WorldQuant (as defined below), and have more specific strategies, investment types, markets or countries in which they invest than the Millennium Partners Funds. WorldQuant utilizes systematic, model-based strategies for data sourcing and processing, “alpha” research, strategy development and portfolio management. The following are certain risk factors describing risks related to the trading strategies and instruments we may implement for the Funds (including the Millennium Partners Funds and the WMA Funds) and the investment techniques we may utilize. All of these risk factors apply to the Millennium Partners Funds. Certain of these risk factors are relevant for certain other Funds, while others are not. This list is not exhaustive. Investment and Trading Risks in General. Inherent in any investment in securities is the risk of losing the invested capital. We believe that a Fund’s investment program and the Portfolio Managers’ research techniques moderate this risk through a careful selection of securities and investment opportunities, as well as through the application of our ongoing qualitative and quantitative risk assessment and management program. However, no guarantee or representation is made that a Fund’s investment program will be successful or profitable, and investment results may vary substantially over time. The Funds’ investment programs will utilize investment techniques such as option and derivative transactions, limited diversification, margin transactions, short sales, and futures and forward contracts, which can, in certain circumstances, maximize the adverse impact of any loss or adverse event to which such Funds may be subject. We do not, in general, attempt to measure or hedge all market or other risks inherent in a Fund’s portfolio, and seek to measure and hedge certain risks, if at all, only partially. Specifically, we may choose not, or may determine that it is economically unattractive, to hedge certain risks, instead relying on diversification in an attempt to mitigate the risks. Additionally, our direct trading activities with respect to certain Funds may increase such Funds’ exposure to certain strategies or positions, which may exacerbate any losses associated with such strategies or positions. As discussed below, the Funds are not limited to any specific policies or requirements for diversification or risk mitigation. General Market and Economic Risk. Most trading strategies utilized by the Funds involve some, and occasionally a significant degree of, market risk. The profitability of a Fund depends, in significant part, upon our and the Portfolio Managers’ correctly assessing future price movements of securities and other financial instruments. A Fund cannot assure any investor in such Fund that we or the Portfolio Managers will accurately predict these price movements. Additionally, unanticipated illiquidity in a market could lead to substantial losses or mean that a Fund is unable to close out certain positions when it wishes. The success of a Fund’s activities also will be affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation of such Fund’s investments) or regulations (or their interpretation), trade barriers, currency exchange controls, and national and international political circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts or security operations). These factors will affect the level and volatility of the prices of securities, commodities and other financial instruments and the liquidity of a Fund’s investments. Illiquidity or significant changes in volatility could impair a Fund’s profitability or result in losses. The Funds invest in the U.S. and a number of other countries. The economies of non-U.S. countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, relative currency appreciation or depreciation, asset reinvestment opportunities, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Further, certain economies are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. The economies of certain non-U.S. countries may be based, predominantly, on only a few industries and may be vulnerable to changes in trade conditions and may have higher levels of debt or inflation than others. Potential Interest Rate Increases. The U.S. has for some time been experiencing historically low interest rate levels. However, the continued recovery of the U.S. economy and recent and potential U.S. government policy increase the likelihood that interest rates will continue to rise in the near future. Any future interest rate increases may result in periods of volatility and would cause the value of long fixed income positions held by a Fund to decrease, which could result in substantial withdrawals or redemptions that, in turn, force a Fund to liquidate such securities at disadvantageous prices negatively impacting the performance of such Fund. Extraordinary Market Conditions and Governmental Actions. Unpredictable or unstable market conditions may result in reduced opportunities to find suitable investments to deploy capital or make it more difficult to exit and realize value from a Fund’s existing investments. An example of this sort of instability started in 2007, when markets experienced significant losses arising largely because global credit spreads widened materially, equity index levels declined, and many funds liquidated assets. In reaction to the extreme losses and volatility in commodities and securities markets and the failure of credit markets to function normally, regulators in several countries undertook extraordinary regulatory actions in 2008, including, but not limited to, short-selling restrictions. Regulators and central banks in the U.S. and other countries continue to consider and implement measures intended to stabilize and encourage growth in U.S. and global financial markets. We believe that a Fund may be materially and adversely affected by similar or other events in the future. For example, markets may experience extreme volatility and losses and a Fund may be unable to hedge, or effectively hedge, certain material risks. In the long term, there may be significant new regulations that could limit a Fund’s activities and investment opportunities or change the functioning of capital markets. Consequently, a Fund may not be capable of, or successful at, preserving the value of its assets, generating positive investment returns or effectively managing its risks. It is important to understand that a Fund can incur material losses even if it reacts quickly to difficult market conditions and there can be no assurance that a Fund will not suffer material adverse effects from broad and rapid changes in market conditions and related regulatory actions. Regulatory Changes for Hedge Funds. The legal, tax and regulatory environment worldwide for private funds (such as the Funds) and their managers is evolving, and changes in the regulation of private funds, their managers, and their trading and investing activities may have a material adverse effect on the ability of a Fund to pursue its investment program and the value of investments held by a Fund. There has been an increase in scrutiny of the alternative investment industry by governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations. New laws and regulations or actions taken by regulators that restrict the ability of a Fund to pursue its investment program or conduct business with brokers and other counterparties could have a material adverse effect on a Fund and the investors’ investments therein. Such laws and regulations may also materially increase the costs of operating a Fund and the costs of executing and financing certain strategies utilized by a Fund, which costs are borne by the applicable Fund. In addition, we may, in our sole discretion, cause a Fund to be subject to certain laws and regulations if we believe that to be in such Fund’s interest, even if such laws and regulations may have a detrimental effect on one or more investors. Dodd-Frank Act. The U.S. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) was enacted in July 2010. The Dodd-Frank Act has resulted in extensive rulemaking and regulatory changes that affect private fund managers, the funds that they manage and the financial industry as a whole. Additionally, under the Dodd-Frank Act, the SEC and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) have mandated (and will mandate) recordkeeping, reporting, central clearing and mandatory trading on electronic facilities requirements for investment advisers, which add costs to our and the Funds’ legal, operational and compliance obligations and increase the amount of time that we spend on non-investment-related activities. The Dodd-Frank Act affects a broad range of market participants with whom a Fund interacts or may interact, including banks, non-bank financial institutions, rating agencies, mortgage brokers, credit unions, insurance companies, payday lenders and broker-dealers, and may change the way in which we conduct business with its brokers and other counterparties. Regulation in the Derivatives Industry. The Dodd-Frank Act has had a significant impact on the derivatives industry. The Dodd-Frank Act divides the regulatory responsibility for derivatives in the United States between the SEC and the CFTC, a distinction that does not exist in any other jurisdiction. The CFTC has regulatory authority over “swaps” and the SEC has regulatory authority over “security-based swaps.” As a result of this bifurcation and the different pace at which the agencies have promulgated necessary regulations, different transactions are subject to different levels of regulation in the U.S. Though many rules and regulations have been finalized, there are others that are still in the proposal stage and more that will be introduced. In addition, there has been and will be extensive rulemaking related to derivative products by non-U.S. regulatory authorities. Differences between regulatory regimes may make it more difficult or costly for dealers, prime brokers, futures commission merchants (“FCMs”), custodians, exchanges, clearinghouses and other entities, such as the Funds, to comply with and follow various regulatory regimes. There are significant legal, operational, technological and trading implications that result from the Dodd-Frank Act and related rules and regulations that may make it difficult or impossible for a Fund to enter into otherwise beneficial transactions. Systemic Risk. Systemic risk is the risk of broad financial system stress or collapse triggered by the default of one or more financial institutions, which results in a series of defaults by other interdependent financial institutions. Financial intermediaries, such as clearing houses, banks, securities firms and exchanges with which a Fund interacts, as well as the Funds, are all subject to systemic risk. A systemic failure could have material adverse consequences on a Fund and on the markets for the securities in which such Fund seeks to invest. Assumption of Business, Terrorism and Catastrophe Risks. A Fund may be subject to the risk of loss arising from exposure that it may incur, indirectly, due to the occurrence of various events, including, without limitation, hurricanes, earthquakes, and other natural disasters, terrorism and other catastrophic events. These risks of loss can be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on a Fund and its investors’ investments therein. Central Clearing. In order to mitigate counterparty risk and systemic risk in general, various U.S. and international regulatory initiatives are underway to require certain derivatives to be cleared through a clearinghouse. In the U.S., clearing requirements were part of the Dodd-Frank Act. The CFTC imposed its first clearing mandate on December 13, 2012 affecting certain interest rate and credit default swaps. It is expected that the CFTC and the SEC will introduce clearing requirements for other derivatives in the future. Trades submitted for clearing will be subject to minimum initial and variation margin requirements set by the relevant clearinghouse, the FCM, as well as possible SEC or CFTC mandated margin requirements. Clearing through FCMs has in certain cases led to losses caused by operational failure or fraud. As products become more standardized in order to be cleared, standardized derivatives may mean that a Fund may not be able to hedge its risks or express an investment view as well as it would using customizable derivatives available in the over-the-counter markets. Compared to the OTC derivatives market, a Fund may be subject to more onerous and more frequent (daily or even intraday) margin calls from both the clearinghouse and the FCM. In addition, clearinghouse margin is dynamic and may be increased in times of market stress. Although standardized clearing for derivatives is intended to reduce risk (for instance, it may reduce the counterparty risk to the dealers to which a Fund would be exposed under OTC derivatives), it does not eliminate risk. Rather, standardized clearing transfers risk of default from the over-the-counter derivatives dealer to the central clearinghouse, which may increase systemic risk, potentially more so than a failure by an OTC derivatives counterparty. The failure of a clearinghouse, although less likely than the failure of a counterparty, could have a much more significant impact on the financial system. Because these clearinghouses are still developing and the related bankruptcy process is untested, it is difficult to speculate what the actual risks would be to a Fund related to the default of a clearinghouse. Also, a clearinghouse will likely require that a Fund relinquish control of its transactions if the clearinghouse were to become insolvent, and, therefore, such Fund would not be able to terminate and close out of a defaulting clearinghouse’s positions, but would become subject to regulators’ control over those positions. In such a circumstance, a Fund may not be able to take actions that it deems appropriate to lessen the impact of such clearinghouse’s default. Applicable regulations may also require a Fund to make public information regarding its swaps volume, position size and/or trades, which could detrimentally impact such Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives. The EU Regulation on OTC Derivatives, Central Counterparties and Trade Repositories. The European Market Infrastructure Regulation (“EMIR”) on OTC derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories introduced uniform requirements covering financial counterparties, such as investment firms, credit institutions, insurance companies and managers of alternative investment funds and certain non-financial counterparties in respect of central clearing of so-called “eligible” OTC derivative contracts through a duly authorized central counterparty, required reporting the details of derivative contracts to a trade repository and established certain risk mitigation requirements. Prospective investors should be aware that the regulatory changes arising from EMIR have increased and may further increase the cost of entering into derivative transactions and adversely affect a Fund’s ability to adhere to its investment approach and achieve its investment objective. Impact of MIFID II. The revised Markets in Financial Instruments Directive 2014/65/EU and the Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation (EU) (“MiFIR”) (together, “MiFID II”) set out new rules applicable to investment activities and investment services carried on in the European Union (“EU”). Among other things, MiFID II mandated broader post-trade transparency in the EU than was previously the case in the EU, and extended the market-facing and regulatory reporting requirements on all financial instruments traded on a trading venue (and certain other related instruments). MiFID II has introduced a new type of regulated trading venue, the Organised Trading Facility (“OTF”), and required that certain OTC derivative contracts be traded only on a regulated trading venue. MiFID II has introduced an EU-wide position limits regime applicable to EU commodity derivatives, which has direct extraterritorial application and could affect the portfolio composition and/or trading strategy of a Fund. In addition, MiFID II sets out various requirements applicable to high frequency and other algorithmic trading in financial instruments, which may have an adverse impact on the Firm’s operations, including its ability to trade on EU trading venues in the manner it wishes. MiFID II also introduced requirements on firms providing direct electronic access to EU trading venues, including a requirement that such firms must be regulated under MiFID II (or an equivalent legislative regime) and that, among other requirements, such firms undertake appropriate due diligence on the persons to whom they provide direct electronic access, especially if direct electronic access is provided to non-EU persons. The broad range of regulatory changes arising from MiFID II may adversely affect a Fund’s ability to adhere to its investment approach and achieve its investment objectives. Brexit. In June 2016, the UK voted to leave the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit,” and as of March 29, 2017 the UK triggered the withdrawal procedures in Article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon, initiating a two-year (or, with the agreement of all parties, longer) period during which the arrangements for exit are to be negotiated. There can be no assurance that there will be a successful conclusion to those negotiations. This vote and the withdrawal process could cause an extended period of uncertainty and market volatility, not just in the UK but throughout the EU, the European Economic Area and globally. It is currently not possible to ascertain the precise impact these events may have on a Fund or us from an economic, financial or regulatory perspective or whether any such impact would be material. Financial Transaction Taxes (“FTTs”). A number of European countries have adopted or proposed FTTs covering a wide variety of financial transactions, including transactions in equity and debt securities and derivatives and certain “high frequency” trading activity. The European Commission has proposed a pan-European FTT in at least 11 Member States that based on current proposals would levy the tax at a minimum level of 0.1% of the value of transactions in debt or equity securities and 0.01% of the value of derivative transactions. There have also been discussions of proposing an FTT in the U.S. In the future, additional countries may adopt FTTs and countries that have adopted FTTs may seek to expand the scope of transactions that are subject to FTTs. There are a number of uncertainties with respect to the calculation, remittance and enforcement of such FTTs. The FTTs that have been adopted increase the cost of trading affected financial instruments and in some instances contain measures designed to preclude avoidance of the tax by trading, for example, in derivative instruments. In some instances, such FTTs and administrative costs associated with them would make it prohibitive for a Fund to engage in trading activity subject to the tax, and there may be no alternative means of trading in equivalent instruments. Any such measures are likely to increase the costs of a Fund’s business, reduce the trading opportunities open to a Fund, or both, and their effect could be material. Counterparty Risks. A Fund may enter into many transactions, including derivative and other over-the-counter transactions, with or through third parties in which the failure of the third party to perform its obligations could have a material adverse effect on such Fund. The counterparty risk is accentuated for contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where a Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. The assets of a Fund and its trading affiliates generally are held in accounts maintained for them by their prime brokers or in accounts with other market participants, including non- U.S. sub-custodians selected by the prime brokers. The accounts generally are not segregated, bankruptcy-remote accounts titled in the owner’s name and, therefore, a failure of any broker or market participant is likely to have a greater adverse impact than if the assets, or the accounts in which they are held, were registered in the name of a Fund or its affiliate. In addition, because a Fund’s and its affiliates’ securities generally are held in margin accounts, and the prime brokers have the ability to loan those securities to other persons, such Fund’s or an affiliate’s ability to recover all of its assets in the context of a bankruptcy or other failure of a prime broker may be further limited. A Fund and its affiliates may transact with counterparties (including prime brokers) located in various jurisdictions outside the U.S. The local counterparties are subject to various laws and regulations in various jurisdictions that are designed to protect their customers in the event of their insolvency. However, the practical effect of these laws and their application to a Fund’s or its affiliates’ assets are subject to substantial limitations and uncertainties. Because of the large number of entities and jurisdictions involved and the range of possible factual scenarios involving the insolvency of a counterparty, it is impossible to generalize about the effect of their insolvency on a Fund and its assets. Investors should assume that the insolvency of any significant counterparty would result in a loss to a Fund, which could be material. If any counterparties of a Fund or its affiliates were to become insolvent or the subject of liquidation proceedings, there exists the risk that the recovery of such Fund’s or its affiliates’ securities and other assets from the prime broker or broker-dealer will be delayed or be of a value less than the value of the securities or assets originally entrusted to the prime broker or broker-dealer. Additionally, there is a risk that positions that are reasonably hedged may become “unhedged” as a result of the effect of insolvency proceedings. Investments in Emerging Markets. Investing in the securities of companies (and, from time to time, governments) in emerging markets involves certain considerations not usually associated with investing in securities of companies based in developed countries or those of governments of developed countries, including political and economic considerations, such as greater risks of expropriation, nationalization, confiscatory taxation or similar risks, limitations on the removal of assets and general social, political and economic instability; the relatively small size of the securities markets in such countries and the low volume of trading, resulting in potential lack of liquidity and in price volatility; evolving and relatively unsophisticated laws and regulations applicable to the securities and financial services industries; fluctuations in the rate of exchange between currencies and costs associated with currency conversion; and certain government policies that may restrict a Fund’s investment opportunities. In addition, accounting and financial reporting standards generally are not as high as U.S. and other developed country standards and, consequently, less information is typically available concerning companies located outside of developed countries than for those located in the U.S. and other developed countries. As a result, a Fund may be unable to structure its transactions to achieve the intended results or to mitigate risks associated with such markets. It may also be difficult to enforce a Fund’s rights in such markets. For example, securities traded on non-U.S. exchanges and the non-U.S. persons that trade these instruments are not subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC or the CFTC or the securities and commodities laws and regulations of the U.S. Accordingly, the protections accorded to a Fund under such laws and regulations may be unavailable. As another example, a Fund may be exposed to the direct and indirect consequences of potential or actual political, economic, social and diplomatic changes in China. A Fund and any investments it may make in China may be subject to the following significant risks among others: volatility in exchange rates and other economic imbalances resulting from continued state involvement as China transitions to a market-driven economy; expropriation; less stringent and less uniform financial reporting standards, practices and disclosure requirements of publicly listed Chinese companies, lack of publicly available information about Chinese companies and unreliability of official data; and increasing geopolitical, governmental, economic and social instability in China. Limited Diversification. In the normal course of making investments, certain Funds that follow a multi-strategy, multi-manager approach, are generally expected to have a diverse investment portfolio, while other Funds with a more specific investment strategy are not. While we monitor investment concentrations for risk management purposes, we do not establish fixed limits and guidelines regarding diversification of investments to be followed by a Fund as a whole. As a result, a Fund’s portfolio could, to a certain degree, become concentrated in a single issuer, industry, market or sector. The concentration of risk may increase losses suffered by a Fund. It is also possible that a Fund could become concentrated in any one strategy, and the investments of the strategy may be more illiquid than the investments in another strategy. In addition, it is possible that we may select Portfolio Managers who make investments that are concentrated in a limited number of types of financial instruments. This limited diversity may lead to greater volatility than would otherwise be the case, and could expose a Fund to losses disproportionate to market movements in general. Even when we attempt to control risks and diversify the portfolio, risks associated with different assets may be correlated in unexpected ways, with the result that a Fund faces concentrated exposure to certain risks. Although we attempt to identify, monitor and manage significant risks, these efforts do not take all risks into account and there can be no assurance that these efforts will be effective. Any inadequacy or failure in our risk management efforts could result in material losses for a Fund. Borrowing and Lending Activities and Margin Requirements. The Funds borrow, pledge, loan and otherwise finance assets on both a secured and an unsecured basis and may issue notes or enter into credit agreements, indentures or other financing arrangements in order to achieve efficient financing structures. At any given time, the outstanding contractual obligations of a given Fund are likely to total well in excess of its equity. There is no restriction on the ability of a Fund to borrow or enter into such contractual obligations. The brokers and market counterparties with which a Fund transacts will usually have a secured claim against the assets of such Fund that are on deposit with the brokers or counterparties, senior to the claim of such Fund (and its investors). Significant losses from investment activities or changes in market conditions that affect the assets could result in the brokers’ or counterparties’ foreclosing on the assets securing the obligations. A Fund may maintain balances with certain counterparties in excess of margin requirements or other obligations to such counterparties (i.e., “excess collateral”). In the event of the insolvency of the financing provider under such an arrangement, a Fund’s claim for the value of such excess collateral would be unsecured. While a Fund seeks to enter into “lockup” agreements with many of its key equity prime brokerage counterparties limiting the ability of those counterparties to change financing or margin terms, recall loans or refuse to execute trades for a period of time after notice is given absent an event of default or other termination event under the agreements, creditors that provide financing to a Fund may, in certain circumstances, accelerate a loan and require repayment in full upon the occurrence of certain events, including: (i) changes in key management; (ii) suspension of redemptions; (iii) violations of minimum capital levels; (iv) the imposition of regulatory sanctions on such Fund or its key personnel that would materially and adversely affect such Fund’s ability to conduct its business or perform under the agreements; or (v) certain market conditions, including in the event that such counterparty is no longer able to secure financing. In addition, market conditions may make it difficult to obtain committed financing for extended periods of time or at all, particularly when assets securing the financing are less liquid and such agreements may not be available or economically attractive with respect to certain asset classes. In many cases, when such lockup agreements are not in place, the banks and dealers that provide financing to a Fund may apply discretionary margin, “haircut” financing and security and collateral valuation policies. Changes by banks and dealers in such policies, or the imposition of other credit limitations or restrictions, including those due to market circumstances or governmental, regulatory or judicial action, may result in large margin calls, requirements to post additional collateral, loss of financing, forced liquidation of assets, termination of swap or repurchase agreements or cross defaults to agreements with the same or other counterparties. Any such adverse effects may be exacerbated in the event that such limitations or restrictions are imposed suddenly and/or by multiple market participants at or about the same time. The imposition of any such limitations or restrictions could compel a Fund to liquidate all or part of its portfolio at disadvantageous prices. Assets loaned by a Fund to third parties or collateral used to finance borrowing may not be required to be kept segregated by the third parties, and may be subject to the claims of other creditors of the third parties. Third parties that enter into financing transactions with a Fund may default on their obligations to return such Fund’s assets or pay amounts owed to such Fund. Additionally, a Fund may experience a delay in the recovery of or loss of rights in the collateral, if any. Liquidity; Availability of Credit. The Funds’ investment strategies depend on the availability of credit in order to permit the financing of their portfolios. A Fund’s liquidity could be impaired by an inability to access debt markets, an inability to sell assets or unforeseen outflows of cash or collateral. Any or all of these situations could arise due to circumstances that a Fund may be unable to control, such as a general market disruption or an operational problem that affects third parties. A lack of liquidity has historically been the cause of substantial losses in the securities industry. Liquidity risk will be increased if a Fund is required to liquidate positions to meet margin requirements, margin calls or other funding requirements. If there are other market participants seeking to dispose of similar financial instruments at the same time, a Fund may be unable to sell the financial instruments or prevent losses relating to the financial instruments. In times of market stress, the liquidation of securities that are generally regarded as highly liquid nonetheless may result in a Fund incurring significant losses. Furthermore, if a Fund incurs substantial trading losses, the need for liquidity could rise sharply while its access to liquidity could be impaired. The ability of counterparties to take actions following declines in investment values which result in the forced liquidation of highly leveraged positions in declining markets, including as a result of a Fund’s having insufficient liquidity to meet margin calls, could subject it to substantial losses. We may fail to adequately predict the liquidity that a Fund requires to address counterparty requirements relating to falling values of investments being financed by the counterparties, which could result not only in losses related to the investments, but also in losses related to the need to liquidate unrelated investments in order to meet a Fund’s obligations. A Fund’s losses may be magnified in the event that significant capital is invested in highly leveraged investments or investment strategies. Such losses would result in a decline in assets, may lead to requests from investors in a Fund to redeem or withdraw remaining assets, and may damage such Fund’s reputation. Cost and Availability of Financing. The Funds obtain significant financing from counterparties that are regulated entities subject to regulatory capital requirements, which require the counterparty to maintain certain core capital and risk-based capital ratios and limit the type of assets that qualify as capital. In addition to the capital requirements, counterparties (or an applicable affiliate from which a counterparty obtains internal funding) that are depository institutions are required to comply with (i) reserve requirements that require an institution to maintain cash reserves at least equal to a certain percentage of the total value of all its transactional accounts and non- personal time deposits, and (ii) liquidity requirements that require an institution to maintain cash and other liquid assets at least equal to a certain percentage of the total value of its net withdrawable deposit accounts and borrowings payable in one year or less. These regulatory capital, reserve, and liquidity requirements have become more stringent with the implementation of the standards set forth in the Basel Committee’s 2010 capital and liquidity reform package known as Basel III. The implementation of Basel III may cause the cost of financing obtained by a Fund from such counterparties to become more expensive or, in some cases, unavailable. Additionally, the margin and collateral requirements of a Fund with respect to such financing may also increase. An increase in financing costs may cause certain of a Fund’s trading strategies to become less profitable or unprofitable. Additionally, an increase in the margin and collateral requirements with respect to financing may adversely affect a Fund in other ways. Position Limits. “Position limits” imposed by various regulators or self-regulatory organizations and exchanges may also limit a Fund’s ability to effect desired trades. Position limits are the maximum amounts of gross, net long or net short positions that any one person or entity may own or control in a particular financial instrument. All positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, may be aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable position limits have been exceeded. Thus, even if a Fund does not intend to exceed applicable position limits, it is possible that another Fund or account managed by the Firm or its Portfolio Managers may be aggregated. To the extent that a Fund’s position limits were aggregated with another Fund’s or an affiliate’s position limits, the effect on such Fund and resulting restriction on its investment activities may be significant. If at any time, positions managed by us were to exceed applicable position limits, we would be required to liquidate positions, which might include positions of a Fund, to the extent necessary to come within those limits. Further, to avoid exceeding the position limits, a Fund might have to forego or modify certain of its contemplated trades. Exposure to Material Non-Public Information. From time to time, Portfolio Managers or other personnel receive material non-public information related to the investments of one or more Funds or Other Accounts we manage with respect to an issuer of publicly traded securities. In such circumstances, a Fund may be prohibited by law, policy or contract, including any “restricted list” we maintain, for a period of time from (i) unwinding a position in such issuer, (ii) establishing an initial position or taking any greater position in such issuer and/or (iii) pursuing other investment opportunities related to such issuer. A Fund with an investment objective of tracking a particular benchmark may increase the “tracking error” that it experiences if a security that is part of such benchmark is placed on a “restricted list,” as such Fund will be unable to trade in securities which remain in the benchmark that are also on a “restricted list.” We also may and do, from time to time, place a security on a “restricted list” under other circumstances. Indebtedness. Certain Funds customarily borrow funds on a secured basis. Certain Funds may also borrow through the issuance of notes. In the event that funds available to a Fund were insufficient to meet principal or interest obligations on indebtedness (by reason of acceleration of the indebtedness or otherwise), then funds would not be available to such Fund for equity redemptions or withdrawals or for other purposes. Additionally, the terms of any indebtedness or related agreements could include covenants restricting the ability of a Fund to take actions, or waive conditions, that might otherwise have been taken for the benefit of such Fund and ultimately its investors. One such covenant might include a limitation on a Fund’s ability to pay equity distributions, if, for example, such Fund’s net asset value were to drop below a specified threshold as a result of the payment. There is no limitation on the right or ability of a Fund to enter into any such borrowing arrangements or related agreements. Valuation Risk. A Fund’s net asset value is issued by its administrator on a monthly basis after the administrator performs certain checks on valuation and independent verification and reconciliation of such Fund’s assets and liabilities, as well as reviewing and recording of such Fund’s expenses. Valuations of publicly traded security positions are compared to market data independently obtained from third party market data providers. Valuations of some other securities positions are compared to information received from third parties, including brokers and independent valuation service providers. Securities positions and cash balances are reconciled with a Fund’s records based upon confirmations or statements that the administrator independently receives from prime brokers and other financial institutions which hold assets of a Fund. The procedures performed do not constitute an audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States (although the financial statements of a Fund are audited in accordance with such standards by such Fund’s independent auditors on an annual basis). The verification and review work conducted by a Fund’s administrator does not constitute a 100% verification of our valuation work. The initial processes for determining the fair value of a Fund’s positions (which are generally subject to independent verification by a Fund’s administrator) are administered by our Valuation Committee, which is comprised of persons independent from specific portfolio management decisions. The fair value of investment positions is determined using a number of methodologies described in our valuation policies and procedures as amended or revised from time to time, which may, in some cases, involve the exercise of a significant degree of judgment by us. The methodologies that the Valuation Committee uses in valuing individual investments are based on a variety of estimates and assumptions specific to the particular investment, and actual results related to the investment therefore may vary materially as a result of the inaccuracy of the assumptions or estimates. In addition, certain Funds may at times hold illiquid investments in industries or sectors that are unstable, in distress or undergoing some uncertainty, and such investments are subject to rapid changes in value. The values of investments reflected in the net asset value of a Fund (which is used to calculate performance-based compensation as well as prices paid or payable in connection with withdrawals or redemptions and new investments) may not always reflect the prices that would actually be obtained by us on behalf of a Fund if all of the investments were immediately liquidated. A Fund’s audited financial statements generally are prepared in accordance with GAAP. Accounting Standards Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines and establishes a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP and expands financial statement disclosure requirements relating to fair value measurements. Under rare circumstances, certain of a Fund’s assets or liabilities may be assigned a value under our valuation policies and procedures that diverges from their valuation in accordance with GAAP. Investments in Third-Party Investment Funds. Certain Funds have invested and may continue to invest a portion of their assets in investment funds managed by third parties. These Funds generally will have less ability to (i) monitor the investments, (ii) regularly obtain full, current information and (iii) exercise control rights over the investments, than they have with respect to other allocations of capital of these Funds. In addition, these Funds may not be able to withdraw assets from third-party funds at times when it might otherwise wish to do so. With respect to any such assets, these Funds generally rely on the valuations provided by the third-party funds and generally will not have sufficient information to be able to confirm or review the accuracy of the valuations. In the event that these Funds do not receive a valuation from a third-party fund, or determine, in their sole discretion, that a valuation is inaccurate or incomplete, these Funds may, in their sole discretion, determine the fair value of its interests in the third-party fund independently of the valuations provided by the third-party fund based on information available to, and factors deemed relevant by, these Funds at the time. Trade Execution Risk. Many of the investment techniques used by the Portfolio Managers require the rapid and efficient execution of transactions, or the ability of the Portfolio Managers to accumulate or liquidate large positions. Inefficient execution can impair realization of the market opportunities sought with the techniques. Trade Error Risk. Occasionally, transactions may be executed erroneously on terms other than those intended by a Fund or a Portfolio Manager. For example, a transaction may be executed in the wrong asset, for the wrong quantity or price, to buy when a Fund or a Portfolio Manager meant to sell, to sell when a Fund or a Portfolio Manager meant to buy or by reason of a programming error in a trading program. Programming errors could also lead to the submission of repetitive orders or orders otherwise made in excess of any intention, or could cause an algorithm-driven program to bypass risk management or other controls. Except to the extent otherwise required by law, a Fund will bear the losses or costs of any such errors, unless we determine that the error occurred due to fraud, gross negligence or reckless or intentional misconduct by us (or, in certain circumstances, our agents) or we determine that it is appropriate to charge a Portfolio Manager for the costs and expenses of the error. Given the potentia please register to get more info
We have adopted a Code of Ethics (the “Code”) setting forth a standard of business conduct expected of all of our employees (including compliance with federal securities laws). Among other things, the Code (through its reference to other policies incorporating them) sets forth policies and procedures designed to prevent insider trading and market manipulation. The Code also contains policies and procedures addressing personal trading. Employees are required to certify their compliance with the Code quarterly. We will provide our clients and prospective clients a copy of our Code upon request. Changes of Control and Certain Related-Party Transactions. We, on behalf of the investors, are authorized to select one or more persons not affiliated with us, including a Fund’s unaffiliated directors, to serve on a committee as may be established from time to time in the future, the purpose of which is to consider and, on behalf of each Fund and its investors, approve or disapprove, to the extent required by applicable law or deemed advisable by us, principal transactions, other related-party transactions and other transactions and matters involving potential conflicts of interest, including without limitation changes in control of us and our affiliates. Such committee may approve of such matters prior to or contemporaneous with, or ratify such transactions subsequent to, the consummation of such matters. The person(s) so selected may be exculpated and indemnified by the Funds (or their associated master funds) in the same manner and to the same extent as we are. Personal Trading. As our related persons have in the past and may in the future invest in the same securities (including options, warrants, futures, etc.) as a Fund invests in based on our and our related persons’ investment advice, potential conflicts of interest may arise. We have adopted policies and procedures relating to personal trading by all personnel—including personnel of our affiliates—which are administered by our Compliance Department. Among other things, our policies and procedures include a pre-approval requirement for personal transactions (with certain limited exceptions, including broad-based indices and mutual funds) of all personnel. These requirements may be and in certain cases, after consideration, have been waived by us. Portfolio Managers generally are not permitted to hold positions that are identical or similar to the positions held in the portfolios they manage for a Fund. Such a situation could provide an incentive for a Portfolio Manager to trade in a way that would be advantageous to him or her personally but that would not be expected to have a positive effect on (and could even be adverse to) a Fund. Consideration of such matters is a factor in our decision as to whether permission will be granted for any particular transaction. In addition, members of our management may (with prior Compliance approval) trade for their own accounts. From time to time these activities may come into conflict with our business; if such a conflict were to arise, our management personnel would generally be required to subordinate the interests of any other parties (or their own interests) to a Fund, and in any event would be required to disclose the conflicts. We will endeavor to resolve any such conflicts in a manner that is fair and reasonable. Additionally, the Firm or its principal may (with prior Compliance approval) from time to time make an investment in another private fund and take an interest in such fund’s management company or have a role in the management of such fund. We will address, under the supervision of the CLEO Committee (described below) or any successor body thereto, any conflicts of interest that arise from such a situation in a manner we believe to be fair and equitable under the circumstances. Other Accounts or Activities. We manage multiple Funds and may in the future, create, sponsor or provide investment management, administrative or other services to funds, accounts, clients or other investment structures that are separate from and unrelated to the Funds (any such fund, account or other investment structure, an “Other Account” and, collectively, “Other Accounts”) and to engage in other activities unrelated to the Funds. With respect to each Fund we manage, the term “Other Account” shall include each other Fund we manage (e.g., with respect to the Millennium Partners Funds, the term Other Account shall include the WMA Funds, and vice versa). Numerous potential conflicts exist for us in providing services to multiple Funds, as well as any Other Accounts to which we provide services now or in the future. The nature and extent of such conflicts depend in part on the specific activities undertaken by us and, if applicable, on the fee and expense structure of the Funds and Other Accounts, or the potential benefits or costs to us, relative to those to the Funds. Other conflicts include the need to allocate common expenses and investment opportunities and other resources, and the diversion of time and attention of management, as well as competition for investment and management talent. We will attempt to mitigate such conflicts, under the ultimate supervision of the CLEO Committee or any successor body thereto, by making allocations and other judgments on a basis that we believe to be fair and reasonable under the circumstances, although it may not be possible fully or even partially to mitigate each such conflict, and such conflicts will not necessarily be resolved in the favor of investors in any particular Fund. Allocation of Investment Strategies and Investments to and Among the Funds and Other Accounts; Conflicting Investment Opportunities; Cross Transactions. Certain Funds and certain related entities through which the Portfolio Managers invest have similar investment programs, while other Funds have different investment programs. We may in the future establish Other Accounts that have investment programs similar to those of the Funds or that invest similarly to a Fund’s portfolio or certain of its strategies. The Funds and Other Accounts do not currently, but may in the future, make certain investments in tandem with each other. A conflict arises when allocating transaction prices and expenses where multiple entities purchase or sell the same or substantially similar investment positions. We may determine, in accordance with any investment allocation policies adopted by us, as updated from time to time, which would likely be without notice to investors (the “Investment Allocation Policy and Procedures”), that a particular investment strategy, investment opportunity, or investment with a particular Portfolio Manager, is appropriate for one or more Funds or Other Accounts, but not for all of the Funds, or vice versa, in which case that investment may not be allocated to a Fund (or Funds) or Other Account (or Other Accounts), as applicable. Similarly, we may elect to allocate a particular investment or opportunity to one or more Funds in the same master- feeder structure, but not to others, by allocating income or loss from the investment or opportunity away from the other feeder funds in such master-feeder structure directly or at the master fund level. In some instances, investment strategies or investment opportunities that might have been available to and suitable for a Fund may instead be utilized for or placed with an Other Account or may be utilized or made by us, or vice versa, and there is (i) no requirement that any Fund or Other Account receive any preference or priority with respect to investment strategies or investment opportunities and (ii) no limitation on a Fund or an Other Account receiving such preference or priority in accordance with the Investment Allocation Policies and Procedures. WorldQuant, a Relying Adviser, serves as a Portfolio Manager (or in a similar capacity) for multiple Funds that we manage, specifically as the sole Portfolio Manager for the WMA Funds and as one of the Portfolio Managers of the Millennium Partners Funds. Investment strategies developed by WorldQuant are allocated among the WMA Funds and the Millennium Partners Funds based on their respective investment programs in accordance with the Investment Allocation Policy and Procedures. Specifically, we have established allocation criteria for WorldQuant strategies that reflect a determination of those strategies which in the aggregate are, or are not, appropriate for the Millennium Partners Funds based on, among other factors, our assessment of the characteristics of the strategies and the current risk and return profile applicable to the Millennium Partners Funds and such other considerations as we deem relevant. Other considerations for permitting strategies to be allocated to the WMA Funds may include their simulated market impact (or lack thereof) on the Millennium Partners Funds. The allocation approach set forth in the Investment Allocation Policy and Procedures may result in strategies being preferentially allocated to the Millennium Partners Funds or Other Accounts over the WMA Funds. Further, the strategies utilized for the benefit of a Fund or Other Account could have a market impact that negatively correlates with another Fund’s or Other Account’s returns and, if utilized for a Fund, could potentially have improved (or detracted from) the overall returns of the Fund. The above allocation criteria may be changed from time to time in our sole discretion if we determine that such changes are appropriate in light of changes in circumstances or otherwise in accordance with the Investment Allocation Policy and Procedures. For example, to the extent we change the investment program of a Fund, and in particular its risk and return profile for strategies developed by WorldQuant, these allocation criteria may be revised without prior notice to investors. Additionally, the approach to allocating strategies described above may change materially over time. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, certain strategies may be utilized for the WMA Funds and the Millennium Partners Funds in proportions to be determined in accordance with the Investment Allocation Policy and Procedures. The determination at a given time not to allocate certain strategies to a Fund is not an indication that strategies having similar attributes are not currently, or will not in the future be, utilized on behalf of such Fund. As discussed above, strategy allocations will be made based in large part on simulated results. Simulated performance of a strategy does not guarantee similar performance in production, which may be, and often is, materially different. While the simulation process is designed to be objective, methodologies used to conduct simulations may be, and often are, adjusted over time, which may result in different and potentially less favorable allocations than if such adjustments were not made. In general, where an investment opportunity or investment with a particular Portfolio Manager is not allocated to a Fund or a particular Other Account, the net result will be to provide the other Funds or applicable Other Accounts (and their investors) with all of the benefits (and risks) of that opportunity and, as a result, the returns realized by any such other Fund or Other Account may differ from those of the others. A Fund may attract investors’ capital away from another Fund and Other Accounts may also attract investors’ capital away from such Fund, which may result in such Fund’s having a smaller investor base, thereby increasing the proportionate share of expenses to investors in such Fund (and, therefore, investors in such Fund). While we intend to manage potential conflicts of interest in good faith, the portfolio strategies employed by us in managing Funds and Other Accounts could conflict with the transactions and strategies employed by us in managing other Funds or Other Accounts and may affect the prices and availability of the securities and instruments in which such Funds or Other Accounts invest. A Fund or Other Account may invest in financial instruments in which other Funds or Other Accounts have already invested or are expected to invest. There can be no assurance that the Funds or Other Accounts will invest on the same terms, or will invest and divest at the same time. Funds and Other Accounts may make separate investments in the same issuer, in which case the terms of each of such Fund’s or Other Account’s investments, including the type of security purchased, may be different from the terms of other Funds’ and Other Accounts’ investments or the types of security that the other Funds or Other Accounts purchase (or the level at which the investments are made in an issuer’s capital structure). Conflicts could arise after a Fund or an Other Account on the one hand, and another Fund or Other Account on the other hand, make separate investments in the same financial instrument with respect to the manner and timing of such Fund’s or Other Account’s exit from the investment compared to such other Fund’s or Other Account’s exit. If a Fund or an Other Account invests in a different type of security from the security purchased by another Fund or Other Account, additional conflicts may arise, particularly if the issuer experiences financial difficulties. There may also be certain strategies or investment sectors in which the portfolio managers of Other Accounts are already invested that, as a result, a Fund may be restricted from participating in, or vice versa, because of applicable regulatory, reporting, tax or similar requirements or as a result of internal policies or preferences. In addition, certain Funds and Other Accounts, which are part of a master-feeder structure, do not currently, but may in the future, invest directly in certain vehicles in which the associated master fund invests, which raises additional conflicts. The potential for such conflicts of interest to exist may be exacerbated if we receive a higher rate of compensation in respect of such investment from certain Funds or Other Accounts (as is the case with certain Funds) than others, including the Funds. In all cases, it is intended that participation in investment opportunities or with a particular Portfolio Manager will be allocated on a fair and equitable basis over time. A Fund being part of a master-feeder structure may create a conflict of interest in that different tax considerations for the associated master fund and feeder funds may cause the master fund to structure or dispose of an investment in a manner that provides more advantageous tax treatment, or different returns, to one or more of its feeder funds than to others. Additionally, a Fund that is a feeder fund may trade and invest part of its capital for its own account, when presented with investment opportunities appropriate for it and its investors but that are not appropriate or not optimal (for tax or other reasons) for direct or indirect investors in the associated master fund. The Firm or its affiliates, including Mr. Englander, may, and typically do, have a disproportionate investment in one or more of the Funds and may, therefore, benefit from any benefit derived disproportionately by such Fund or Funds. The same may be true in connection with an investment in an Other Account. We may engage in a cross transaction between Funds and Other Accounts, including, for example, in connection with the establishment of an Other Account, termination of an Other Account, or the periodic rebalancing of positions if we determine that such cross transaction is fair, equitable and in the best interest of both accounts. Other conflicts may arise in connection with the management of multiple clients. We seek to resolve conflicts on a fair and equitable basis, which in some instances might mean a resolution that would not maximize the benefit to any particular client, including the Funds. Allocation of Expenses Among Funds, Other Accounts and/or Other Activities of Millennium. As noted above, we manage multiple Funds. In addition, certain expenses, including expenses for office space, services, personnel, equipment and software, among other things, may be incurred in connection with the provision of investment management, administrative or other services by the Firm and its affiliates to Other Accounts or third parties. We seek to allocate expenses among the Funds, Other Accounts and the Firm in a manner we consider fair and reasonable under the circumstances based on certain estimates and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable and appropriate. However, such estimates and assumptions may be imprecise and may result in a Fund bearing a larger portion of such expenses than if they were calculated in a different manner. The allocation of expenses is determined in accordance with expense allocation policies and related procedures adopted by us, as updated from time to time without notice to investors (the “Expense Allocation Policy and Procedures”), which are intended to create, to the extent practical, a framework for the effective mitigation of conflicts related to the allocation of expenses. Expenses related to a Fund are generally borne pro rata by the Funds in the same master-feeder structure, but a particular expense may be allocated differently if we determine that it would be fair and reasonable to do so and expenses that are shared by multiple Funds (in different master-feeder structures) will be allocated among such Funds in accordance with our Expense Allocation Policy and Procedures. In considering whether and how to allocate an expense, we will consider factors such as whether such expense might ultimately directly or indirectly benefit one or more Funds or Other Accounts other than the initial beneficiary, whether such expense is de minimis in nature, and/or whether the expense is associated with determining and administering such allocation would be disproportionate relative to the actual expense to be allocated. Advising Other Accounts, or engaging in other business activities, raises a number of potential conflicts of interest related to the allocation of expenses. The nature and extent of such conflicts depend on the specific activities undertaken by the Other Accounts and the fee and expense structure of the Other Accounts relative to that of the Funds. In general, given the potential for there to be greater differentials in the level of utilization of any shared resources or services as among the Funds and Other Accounts or activities, the allocation of expenses associated with such resources or services have the potential to be more complex. Investors in Funds such as the Millennium Partners Funds with an expense pass-through arrangement generally bear all expenses incurred by or allocated to such Funds while investors in other Funds generally bear more limited expenses, in addition to an asset-based fee. We may and currently do impose certain constraints on the utilization of certain resources on behalf of the Funds that do not have an expense pass-through arrangement, including research-related resources and other resources, that have the potential to contribute positively to the performance of such Funds, because it would not be cost effective for the Firm to bear the expenses associated with such resources pursuant to the Expense Allocation Policy and Procedures. The Expense Allocation Policy and Procedures are intended to establish an equitable (and administratively practical) approach to allocating shared expenses among the Funds, Other Accounts and the Firm, under the ultimate supervision of the CLEO Committee or any successor body. While it is generally not possible to precisely determine the portion of a shared resource that was utilized for the benefit of a particular product, account or project, the methodologies utilized in the Expense Allocation Policy and Procedures are intended to establish a reasonable basis for approximating such utilization. The methodologies employed may include, among others, allocating based on: (i) an average cost basis (i.e., allocating total expenses based on a reasonable estimate of proportionate utilization) or a marginal cost basis (i.e., charging for the incremental cost of additional utilization); (ii) independent third-party pricing for comparable transactions, goods or services; (iii) one or more subjective measures of the relative capital associated with a particular Fund or Other Account (which measures may reflect a number of factors, including, without limitation, a fund’s or account’s investment structure and strategy, and, in the case of a particular Fund or Other Account that is not yet accepting investments from third parties, may reflect an estimate of the capital expected to be associated with such fund or account once it matures); and/or (iv) an approximation of the relative amount of time spent by our personnel performing services on behalf of the Firm or a particular Fund or Other Account or in respect of a particular product, in which case the associated compensation expense may be determined by calculating an average compensation figure across a particular department or function and/or over a certain time period. Any methodologies used to determine an allocation of expenses will necessarily involve estimates (including, for example, when determining the allocation of a particular resource across different services) and subjective judgments about the most appropriate methodology to use to allocate a particular expense and it is possible that there may be other reasonable (and potentially more precise) methods for allocating any particular item of expense, including methods that could have resulted in less (or more) expense being borne by a Fund or Funds or the Other Accounts than those which have been selected. Portfolio Manager Investment in Own Strategies. As indicated above, certain Portfolio Managers, including those that are Relying Advisers, and related personnel, have invested and others may in the future invest in a Fund that invests in Millennium Partners through which they are able to achieve the same rate of return that is achieved by their own strategies. We believe that permitting Portfolio Managers and related personnel to do this is useful in aligning their interests with those of investors in certain Funds; however, this could lead to potential conflicts of interest. The determination of the Portfolio Manager’s capital base, which determination may utilize different methodologies depending on the underlying portfolio, and therefore rate of return, involves significant elements of subjective judgment and analysis. Additionally, the Portfolio Managers and related personnel bear the expenses directly related to the trading of the account they manage on behalf of Millennium Partners, but do not bear other general Fund expenses or any performance- or asset-based fees. Therefore, the rate of return achieved by such Portfolio Managers may be higher than the rate Millennium Partners achieves for the same strategy after taking into account such fees and expenses. Additional Activities. As noted in Item 10 of this Brochure, Mr. Englander and the other principals of our Firm and our affiliates devote to the Funds as much of their time as, in their respective judgments, is necessary or appropriate in connection with the Funds’ activities. Our Firm, principals, employees and affiliates, from time to time may and do, however, conduct other businesses with prior approval of Compliance or CLEO Committee (or any successor body). The principal and certain employees of WorldQuant may invest, and have invested, directly or indirectly, in certain types of early-stage and other illiquid private companies. WorldQuant, from time to time, uses the services of such companies in connection with the operation of its business, including the portfolio management services it provides to the Funds. While this may give rise to actual or potential conflicts of interest, we have policies and procedures in place and seek to take appropriate steps to mitigate any actual or potential conflicts of interest. We may from time to time manage Other Accounts that may invest in a Fund and other Accounts, which may include Other Accounts established for the benefit of our principals or their family members. As noted in Item 10 of this Brochure, we may, from time to time conduct other businesses (with prior approval of Compliance or CLEO Committee (or any successor body)), including, without limitation, the provision of investment management, administrative or other services to Other Accounts or third parties and may expand the extent to which we provide such services to others. We intend to address any conflicts of interest that arise from such situations in a manner we believe to be fair and equitable under the circumstances. Assets of the Firm and its affiliates, including, without limitation, intellectual property developed in connection with services provided to the Funds, may be utilized in the conduct of other business activities in the sole discretion of the Firm and its affiliates without compensation or reimbursement to the Funds, including (without limitation) reimbursement of the costs incurred in the development of such assets, but subject to the appropriate allocation of ongoing expenses in accordance with our Expense Allocation Policy and Procedures. Ownership Influence. Persons related to or affiliated with our Firm (including Mr. Englander, senior officers, various Portfolio Managers, and other employees and consultants) hold, through a variety of direct and indirect investment channels (including deferred compensation), a relatively large portion of certain Funds’ capital. There are no limitations on the ability to dispose of or transfer such interests, or otherwise modify the ownership structure of our Firm or any of our affiliated management companies, except to the extent limited by law, regulation or the terms of the applicable interests. From time to time, individuals affiliated with certain Funds have in the past become aware of and purchased (and may in the future become aware of and purchase) interests in such Funds (or other entities managed by the Firm or its affiliates) that were (or are) available for transfer from other holders at prices less than net asset value because of limitations affecting the redemption or withdrawal of the interests at the time. Leveraged Investments. The principals and senior officers of our Firm indirectly invest in, or have an interest in the returns of, certain Funds through a number of channels. Some of these investments are leveraged through the extension of credit by a third party (structured in a manner that is intended to be non-recourse to the applicable Fund). In connection with structuring the investments, the third parties typically make an investment in a class of interests in a Fund that is entitled to more favorable liquidation and other rights under certain circumstances, which may increase the risk of redemptions, and result in redemptions at times when other investors in such Fund are unable to effect redemptions, if there are specified declines in the net asset value of such Fund or a termination of the financial arrangement with the third party due to the occurrence of events of default. In addition, other similar structures may be formed in the future. While we believe that in substantially all situations these kinds of relationships are useful in aligning the interests of management with those of investors in a Fund, they could lead to situations in which the interests of management diverge from those of other investors. Conflicts Related to the Firm Having Investments in Other Management Companies. Although we have not done so to date, the Firm could in the future acquire an interest in a management company formed by an independent Portfolio Manager (including one who was previously a Millennium employee or Relying Adviser) to which assets of a Fund are allocated. The interest might take various forms, such as shares or partnership interests in, or an economic interest in the revenues of, the Portfolio Manager’s management company. If such a situation were to arise, we may have an economic incentive to favor such a Portfolio Manager over other Portfolio Managers. Additionally, family members of the principal or other members of senior management may be employed by the Firm or have an interest in the management company of a Portfolio Manager to which a Fund currently allocates capital. Custody/Commingling of Property. Investment assets of the Funds required to be custodied are held by third party prime brokers and custodians. We do not currently commingle the investment assets of the Funds with the property of any other person, although (i) specified assets may be pooled in a side-by-side co-investment arrangement with another entity, which may include the Funds or their affiliates or of a Portfolio Manager, and (ii) the investment assets of the Funds may be commingled by those firms which act as brokers, futures commission merchants and custodians for the Funds or the Portfolio Managers. Hedging Activities Related to Shares of Affiliated Funds Not Denominated in U.S. Dollars. One particular Millennium Partners Fund has issued a sub-class of shares the functional currency of which is the Euro and another sub-class of shares the functional currency of which is the Yen (collectively, the “Non-USD Shares”), and such Millennium Partners Fund or other Funds may in the future offer other interests which have different functional currencies or reference assets. As with the Non-USD Shares, the terms of such interests may provide that such Fund may seek to hedge the exposure of such interests to minimize, to the extent practicable, fluctuations in the value of such shares arising from the fluctuations in the applicable exchange rates or reference assets price relative to the U.S. dollar. Such hedging may be undertaken by such Fund’s master fund on behalf of such Fund, with such Fund (and, within such Fund, the affected shares) being allocated the profits and losses, including expenses, associated with such activity. The capital of such Fund’s master fund may be used to satisfy any margin requirements associated with hedging activities and a financing charge would be allocated to the capital account of such Fund (which would, in turn, be allocated to the relevant hedged interests) at a rate based on prevailing rates charged to such Fund’s master fund, as we determine in our sole discretion, which rates would likely be less than rates that would be available to investors in such interests if they sought to obtain financing for such activities directly. Although such Fund’s master fund anticipates having excess cash available to satisfy margin requirements, to the extent that this changes and/or the amount of cash necessary to satisfy margin requirements increases substantially, cash that would otherwise be available for investment by such Fund’s master fund may be used for such purposes, which could adversely impact the returns of such Fund’s master fund. Alternatively, such Fund may engage in hedging activities directly, in which case such Fund’s master fund may advance cash to such Fund in order to satisfy margin requirements. Any such transactions will raise similar considerations to those described above. Inter-Company Loans. Each of the Foreign Advisers is owned by Millennium International Management. The capital to establish, capitalize and maintain these entities has been loaned to Millennium International Management by Millennium Partners. The loans are secured by Millennium International Management’s interest in the shares of each entity. If the loans become due and payable and have not been paid, Millennium Partners is authorized, among other things, to transfer the shares to itself or to sell the shares (and the assets of the relevant entity) and apply the proceeds toward the discharge of the loans. These loans have been structured in a way that seeks to ensure that Millennium International Management does not receive any additional pecuniary benefit from owning these entities. The ownership structure of these entities may change from time to time without notice. These inter- company loans in the aggregate currently represent less than 1% of the net asset value of Millennium Partners. These inter-company loans are exclusively for the benefit of the applicable Funds and are not for our benefit or the benefit of our respective principals or affiliates. Under the terms of the applicable Funds’ governing documents, the Funds are obligated to reimburse all costs, fees and expenses incurred in managing the assets of the Funds, including the costs, fees and expenses associated with the offices of the Foreign Advisers. As a result, these inter- company loans are an advancement of regulatory capital and expenses that would otherwise be incurred by the applicable Funds, and do not result in any increased costs to the Funds. The Funds may enter into similarly structured inter-company loans or other similar arrangements to facilitate the Funds’ investment activities, including in other jurisdictions, in the future. Compliance, Legal and Ethics Oversight (CLEO) Committee. The CLEO Committee is responsible for reviewing Firm-wide compliance, legal and ethics issues throughout our business as they arise, and investigating (directly or indirectly) possible breaches of compliance, legal or ethical duties, rules, policies or procedures committed by any of our employees or agents or persons acting on our behalf. please register to get more info
In selecting brokers, dealers and other counterparties to effect portfolio transactions for a Fund and provide financing for such Fund’s portfolio, we and our Portfolio Managers will consider such factors as they deem appropriate under the circumstances, which may include one or more of the following: the ability to obtain timely execution and deliver timely execution reports; the responsiveness to the Firm’s orders; the reliability, reputation, integrity, and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the size and volume of the broker’s order flow; the ability to handle difficult trades, including block trades; the ability to find liquidity in the market while also minimizing market impact; research and other services provided to the Firm that are expected to enhance the Firm’s general portfolio management capabilities; other relationships between the Firm or a Fund and the broker; the accommodation of special needs, including the broker’s willingness to enter into commission sharing arrangements/give-up agreements; and commission rates, fees or market maker’s commission equivalent (i.e., mark-downs and mark-ups). We do not have an obligation to obtain the lowest available commission cost. Accordingly, if we determine in good faith that the commissions charged by a broker or the prices charged by a dealer are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research products or services provided by the broker or dealer, a Fund may pay commissions to the broker or prices to the dealer in an amount greater than another might charge. Subject to our duty to seek to obtain best execution, we have complete discretion in deciding what brokers, dealers and other counterparties the Funds will use and in negotiating the rates of compensation the Funds will pay to such brokers, dealers and other counterparties. In many instances that discretion is delegated to Portfolio Managers who make specific trading decisions, subject to oversight by Millennium. Millennium maintains policies and procedures to review the quality of executions, including periodic review by relevant personnel. From time to time, brokers (including prime brokers) assist the Funds in raising additional capital from investors. Additionally, brokers provide capital introduction and marketing assistance services, and our representatives from time to time speak at conferences and programs sponsored by the brokers, for investors interested in investing in private investment funds. Through such events, prospective investors in a Fund encounter our representatives. Certain of a Fund’s prime brokers (or their affiliates) also advise private funds or clients that make investments in a Fund or may facilitate such investments in other ways. Neither our Firm nor the Funds directly compensate any prime broker for engaging in such activities (except in circumstances where the Firm is required to do so under applicable law). However, the events and other services provided by a prime broker may influence us to some extent in selecting prime brokers and determining the extent to which a prime broker will be used. The Millennium Partners Funds utilize soft dollar arrangements, while currently other Funds do not. The disclosure below relates to the Millennium Partners Funds. With respect to soft dollar arrangements, the conflicts that typically give rise to concerns underlying the use of soft dollars do not generally exist for us, because the Millennium Partners Funds (and not our Firm) bears all of the expenses related to its own operation. Therefore, our use of soft dollars does not result in any expense shifting between our Firm, on the one hand, and the Millennium Partners Funds, on the other hand. However, Millennium Partners’ financial statements will be affected by soft dollar arrangements, as noted below. Soft dollar arrangements provide an incentive to select or recommend a broker-dealer based on an interest in receiving research or other products or services, rather than on receiving most favorable execution. Soft dollar arrangements may cause the Millennium Partners Funds to pay commissions (or markups or markdowns) higher than those charged by other broker-dealers in return for soft dollar benefits (known as paying-up). We use soft dollar benefits to service the Millennium Partners Funds. Portfolio Managers may also benefit from the use of soft dollars. We are not required to allocate soft dollar benefits among our clients proportionately to the soft dollar credits the accounts of the clients generate. Therefore, it is theoretically possible that a client will benefit disproportionately from soft dollars relative to its contribution to the expenditure that generated them. If we advise additional clients in the future, our clients may experience this to an even greater degree. We have determined that the use of soft dollars will be limited to research and brokerage products and services that we believe meet the requirements of Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Section 28(e)”), and the SEC interpretations thereof, in jurisdictions and transactions where Section 28(e) applies. This includes research and brokerage products and services paid for with soft dollars generated by the trading activity directed by our affiliated management companies. Although potentially outside the scope of Section 28(e), we have also adopted a policy to the effect that the requirements of Section 28(e) should generally be satisfied by our affiliated non-U.S. management companies in addition to any local requirements applicable to a particular management company with respect to the use of soft dollars. It is our policy to generate soft dollars with commissions on securities transactions, and, in accordance with SEC interpretations, with markups, markdowns, commission equivalents or other fees paid to a dealer for executing a transaction. In addition, to the extent consistent with applicable regulatory requirements, soft dollars may be generated through futures transactions, certain principal transactions, non-U.S. transactions, or other transactions. Research products or services provided to the Millennium Partners Funds include research reports on particular industries and companies, economic surveys and analyses, recommendations as to specific securities, and relevant market data, as well as other products and services that provide assistance to us in the performance of their investment and trading decision-making responsibilities. Brokerage products or services provided to us may include message services used to transmit orders to brokers for execution, trading software used to route orders to market centers, software used to transmit orders to direct market access systems and short-term custody. Where a product or service obtained with soft dollars provides both research or brokerage and non-research or non-brokerage assistance (i.e., a “mixed use” item), we will make a reasonable allocation of the cost which is to paid for with commission dollars. Consistent with Section 28(e), research products or services obtained with soft dollars generated by Millennium Partners may be used by Millennium to service one or more Other Accounts, including Other Accounts that may not have paid for the soft dollar benefits. Millennium will seek to allocate the cost of the research products or services, including such items paid for using soft dollars, among the Millennium Partners Funds and the Other Accounts in accordance with its Expense Allocation Policy and Procedures. A consequence of the use of soft dollar arrangements is that, under GAAP, items that would otherwise have been characterized as expense in the consolidated financial statements of Millennium Partners will instead be subsumed within commissions. As a result, line-item expenses will appear smaller than they would have had soft dollars not been utilized. It is possible that some expenses paid through the utilization of soft dollar arrangements might be greater than if the Millennium Partners Funds or the Firm had purchased the research or brokerage services in question directly or had produced them internally. In Europe, separate research charges may be assessed alongside Millennium Partners transactions and collected by Millennium Partners’ trading counterparties for the purpose of funding a research payment account controlled by Millennium. Such research charges are separate and independent of any commissions. The Firm’s Brokerage Committee oversees the Firm’s use of commissions and soft dollar arrangements, and its broker-dealer and counterparty relationships. The Brokerage Committee is responsible for: (1) reviewing the reasonableness of commissions and soft dollar usage throughout the Firm, (2) assessing the quality of services obtained from broker-dealer relationships generally, (3) implementing appropriate processes, reviews and procedures and (4) making appropriate recommendations to management concerning brokerage relationships and issues. We do not currently but may in the future elect to combine purchase or sale orders for securities on behalf of multiple clients, including the Funds, and allocate the securities or other assets so purchased or sold on an average price basis among the accounts or using another methodology that we consider equitable, and may engage in cross transactions between clients, including, for example, in connection with the establishment of an Other Account, termination of an Other Account or periodic rebalancing of positions among Other Accounts and the Funds. Our clients do not direct brokerage, as currently our only clients are the Funds, for which we select brokers. please register to get more info
We, primarily through the Portfolio Managers, manage the investment portfolio of the Funds. Generally, the Portfolio Managers are responsible for frequently reviewing the portion of the portfolio managed by them for consistency with the Firm’s policies. The Portfolio Managers are responsible to the head of the department for the strategy in which the Portfolio Managers trade, either directly or indirectly. In addition, various members of our management review the Funds’ portfolios and accounts on a regular basis. Reports that we generate for our internal use and for the benefit of the Funds typically contain portfolio breakdown and performance. The reports are provided no less frequently than monthly. please register to get more info
We generally do not receive an economic benefit from anyone other than the Funds for providing investment advice or other advisory services to the Funds, although see Item 11 of this Brochure regarding outside activities of the Firm and certain of its affiliates. We may and currently do compensate certain persons who are not its supervised persons for referrals of investors to invest in certain Funds. We have entered into and may in the future enter into additional agreements with registered broker-dealers or other appropriately licensed or registered (to the extent legally required) persons providing for payment of a portion of the subscription amount or ongoing payments based on a percentage of the compensation we earn from certain Funds that are attributable to the interests of an investor in such Funds introduced by the persons. Any such fees are paid by the Firm (and not a Fund). please register to get more info
This is not applicable to us. please register to get more info
We have discretionary authority to manage securities accounts on behalf of the Funds. This authority is established through a limited partnership agreement, an investment management agreement, or other contract. There are no substantive limits on our discretionary authority. please register to get more info
We have authority to vote client securities. As a general matter, we do not vote proxies as most of the Funds’ securities purchases are for trading rather than investing and the Funds are not typically a long-term holder who will be affected by the matters being voted on. However, we will vote client securities on behalf of a Fund upon the request of a Portfolio Manager who has discretion over the relevant securities, provided that the CLEO Committee (or its designee), or any successor body thereto, determines that the requested vote is in such Fund’s best interests and approves the requested vote. Any conflicts, including where two or more Portfolio Managers seek permission to vote a proxy but have differing views concerning how the proxy should be voted, are considered and resolved, as appropriate, by the CLEO Committee or any successor body thereto. Clients may obtain information from us about how we voted their securities by contacting us at (212) 841-4100. Clients may obtain a copy of our proxy voting policies and procedures upon request. please register to get more info
We are not aware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet contractual commitments to the Funds, and have not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time during the past 10 years. Item 19 Requirements for State Registered Advisers This is not applicable to us. please register to get more info
Open Brochure from SEC website
Assets | |
---|---|
Pooled Investment Vehicles | $276,757,327,000 |
Discretionary | $276,757,327,000 |
Non-Discretionary | $ |
Registered Web Sites
- HTTP://WWW.MILLENNIUMMANAGEMENTLLC.COM
- HTTP://WWW.MLP.COM
- HTTP://WWW.CATAPULT-LLC.COM
- HTTP://WWW.DECADE-LLC.COM
- HTTP://WWW.GREENARROW-LLC.COM
- HTTP://WWW.PREDICT.COM
- HTTP://WWW.WORLDQUANT.COM
- HTTP://WWW.LINKEDIN.COM/company/MILLENNIUM-PARTNERS
- HTTP://WWW.GLASSDOOR.COM/OVERVIEW/WORKING-AT-MILLENNIUM-MANAGEMENT-INVESTMENT-FIRM-EI_IE850344.11,48.HTM
- HTTPS://WWW.GLASSDOOR.COM/OVERVIEW/WORKING-AT-MILLENNIUM-MANAGEMENT-INVESTMENT-FIRM-EI_IE850344.11,48.HTM
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