Hudson Bay Capital Management LP (“Hudson Bay Capital”
1), a Delaware limited
partnership, is an alternative asset management firm founded in 2005 by Sander Gerber.
Mr. Gerber is Hudson Bay Capital’s principal owner and the managing member of
Hudson Bay Capital’s general partner. Hudson Bay Capital provides investment
management services on a discretionary basis to privately offered investment vehicles,
and from time to time may also provide investment management services to one or more
separately managed accounts, although Hudson Bay Capital does not currently provide
management services to any managed account.
Hudson Bay Capital’s main office is located in New York, NY. The office of Hudson
Bay Capital’s affiliate, Hudson Bay Capital UK LLP (“HBC UK”), is located in London,
United Kingdom. HBC UK’s advisory personnel have been seconded to Mirabella
Financial Services LLP (“Mirabella”), which serves as a sub-manager to Hudson Bay
Capital with respect to Hudson Bay Master Fund Ltd. and HB Fund LLC. Mirabella is
authorized and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.
As of February 28, 2019, Hudson Bay Capital managed client assets with a net asset
value of slightly over $3.3 billion, all on a discretionary basis.
Hudson Bay Capital currently manages three Fund products: (i) a multi-strategy Fund,
comprised of Hudson Bay Fund LP (operating primarily for the benefit of taxable U.S.
investors and certain tax-exempt U.S. investors), Hudson Bay International Fund Ltd.
(operating primarily for the benefit of non-U.S. investors and certain tax-exempt U.S.
investors) and Hudson Bay International Levered Fund Ltd. (operating primarily for the
benefit of non-U.S. investors and certain tax-exempt U.S. investors who wish to invest on
a more levered basis) (along with their affiliates, the “Multi-Strat Funds”); (ii) Hudson
Bay Cap Structure Arbitrage Enhanced Fund LP (operating primarily for the benefit of
taxable U.S. investors and certain tax-exempt U.S. investors) (along with its affiliate,
Hudson Bay Capital Structure Opportunities Master Fund Ltd., the “Capital Structure
Fund”); and (iii) Hudson Bay MLP Fund LP Fund (the “MLP Fund”), a co-investment
vehicle designed to invest and divest in one specific investment alongside an affiliate of
Hudson Bay Fund LP. Hudson Bay Fund LP, Hudson Bay International Fund Ltd.,
Hudson Bay International Levered Fund Ltd., the Capital Structure Fund and the MLP
Fund (and where applicable, their affiliates) are each referred to herein as a “Fund” and
collectively, as the “Funds” or the “Clients.” The Multi-Strat Funds and the Capital
Structure Fund are currently open to new investors; the MLP is no longer accepting new
subscriptions.
The Multi-Strat Funds The Multi-Strat Funds are organized in a master-feeder structure, whereby: (i) Hudson
Bay Fund LP (the “Onshore Fund”) invests all of its investable assets in Hudson Bay
1 References herein to Hudson Bay Capital, include Hudson Bay Capital’s affiliates, where appropriate.
Master Fund Ltd. (the “Master Fund”), a Cayman Islands exempted company, and HB
Fund LLC (“HB Fund”), a Delaware limited liability company; and (ii) Hudson Bay
International Fund Ltd. (the “Offshore Fund”), a Cayman Islands exempted company,
and Hudson Bay International Levered Fund Ltd. (the “Levered Fund”), also a Cayman
Islands exempted company, each invests all of its investable assets in the Master Fund
(through Hudson Bay Intermediate Fund Ltd. (the “Intermediate Fund”), a Cayman
Islands exempted company). The Levered Fund invests its assets on a levered basis, by
employing leverage at the Levered Fund level. Hudson Bay Capital has been managing
its multi-strategy product since 2006.
Assets of the Onshore Fund, the Offshore Fund and the Levered Fund (collectively, the
“Feeder Funds”) are pooled in the Master Fund in order to concentrate credit status and
obtain negotiating leverage with counterparties, while also achieving administrative
economies of scale, eliminating the need for trade allocations and simplifying ongoing
operations. Investments that would be tax disadvantageous to the Offshore Fund or the
Levered Fund (for example, originating debt obligations such as loans, notes and other
debt instruments or obligations), as well as investments that Hudson Bay Capital believes
are not practical or otherwise in the best interest of the Multi-Strat Funds to make through
the Master Fund (“Onshore Investments”), may be made by the HB Fund, and, in such
cases, they may not be made by the Master Fund. The HB Fund may invest excess cash
not invested directly in its portfolio in the Master Fund. Although the Master Fund
currently implements its own investing and trading strategies directly, both the Master
Fund and the HB Fund also invest through a variety of other legal entities (“Trading
Vehicles”), including one or more other funds managed by Hudson Bay Capital. Hudson
Bay Capital Associates LLC (the “General Partner”) is the general partner of the Onshore
Fund.
2 References herein to the Multi-Strat Funds include the Feeder Funds, the HB
Fund, the Master Fund and/or any other subsidiary trading vehicles, as the context
requires.
3
The investment objective of the Multi-Strat Funds is to target traditional and non-
traditional sources of alpha by employing a diverse set of catalyst-driven absolute return
strategies that are intended to be uncorrelated to each other and to the major indices. In
deploying their trading and investing strategies, the Multi-Strat Funds expect to hold both
long and short positions in a broad range of debt and equity securities, derivatives and
investments on a global basis. Hudson Bay Capital currently categorizes its strategies
into the following four groups in its reports to investors: (i) event-driven/merger arbitrage
(including long/short equity); (ii) volatility trading; (iii) convertibles; and (iv) credit.
2 The Master Fund serves as the managing member of a separate, two-member, limited liability company,
HB Measure LLC (“HBM”). In its capacity as managing member, the Master Fund has delegated all
investment discretion for these entities to Hudson Bay Capital. Accordingly, Hudson Bay Capital exercises
all investment discretion over HBM. HBM is not “offered” to investors and serves primarily as a special
purpose vehicle for a single Master Fund investment.
3 Throughout this Brochure, references are made to one or more Multi-Strat Funds engaging in
investment/trading activity. As set forth above, currently, only the Master Fund and HB Fund are permitted
to make direct investments into portfolio companies, and nothing herein shall be read to suggest otherwise.
However, there are no material limitations on the instruments, strategies, markets or
countries in which the Multi-Strategy Funds may invest. The strategies in which the
Multi-Strat Funds invest are constantly evolving and new strategies may appear within
the Multi-Strat Funds’ portfolio with some regularity.
Although the functional currency of the Multi-Strat Funds is in U.S. Dollars, the Offshore
Fund offers separate tranches of Class A shares (the “Foreign Currency Shares”), each of
which has the same general provisions as the other Class A shares, but whose functional
currencies are in the Japanese Yen and the British Pound, respectively. The Foreign
Currency Shares’ will be issued, reported and quoted in their respective currency
denominations, the Multi-Strat Management and Performance Fees (as those terms are
defined below) will be calculated in their respective currency denominations and cash
payments on redemption will be paid in their respective denominations; notwithstanding
that their par value shall be U.S. Dollars. Hudson Bay Capital generally expects to cause
the currency exposure of the Foreign Currency Shares to be hedged to minimize, to the
extent reasonably practicable, fluctuations in the value of the Foreign Currency Shares
arising from fluctuations in the applicable currency exchange rate and expects to engage
in transactions, including the purchase and sale of spot and forward contracts, currency
options and currency futures contracts to manage U.S. Dollar-foreign currency risks. The
expenses of currency conversions and the expenses, profits or losses of currency hedging
activities undertaken in relation to the Foreign Currency Shares incurred by the Master
Fund will be allocated to the Foreign Currency Shares. Redemption proceeds of the
Foreign Currency Shares will generally be paid on a date following the calculation of the
net asset value of the Foreign Currency Shares for the month in which the redemption
occurs, but generally no later than 5 business days following the month end of the month
after the month as of which the Foreign Currency Shares may be redeemed (“the
Redemption Payment Date”).
Side Letters
The Multi-Strat Funds and, in certain cases, Hudson Bay Capital, have the discretion to
waive or modify the application of, or grant special or more favorable rights with respect
to, the terms or provisions applicable to investment in the Multi-Strat Funds to the extent
permitted by applicable law. Such terms may relate to certain withdrawal rights, fees,
portfolio level information rights or different participation in profits and losses of certain
securities (“Favorable Terms”), or other matters. To effect such waivers or modifications
or the grant of any special or more Favorable Terms or any other terms, the Multi-Strat
Funds may create additional classes, sub-classes, tranches or series of interests for certain
investors that provide for these differing rights. Certain side letters may enable certain
investors to receive reports and have access to information regarding the Multi-Strat
Funds’ portfolio that might only be available to other investors upon direct request from
such investor. Accordingly, certain investors may be privy to certain information
regarding the Multi-Strat Funds that may not be available to other investors and such
investors may make investment decisions with respect to their investment in the Multi-
Strat Funds based on such information, including requesting redemptions.
Although certain investors may invest with different material terms, the Multi-Strat
Funds and Hudson Bay Capital will only offer such terms if they believe other investors
will not be materially disadvantaged. The Multi-Strat Funds or Hudson Bay Capital, as
applicable, may create additional classes, sub-classes, tranches or series of interests and
enter into side letters without notice to, or consent of, other investors. Favorable Terms
granted to certain investors (other than current and former members and employees of
Hudson Bay Capital, their family members and/or related entities) will be offered to all
existing investors with an equal or greater investment in the Multi-Strat Funds; provided
that (i) such terms or conditions were not offered based on an investor’s special
regulatory, tax or other particular status; and (ii) an investor electing to accept such
favorable terms or conditions also agrees to be bound by any conditions, restrictions,
limitations or obligations imposed on an investor in connection with its investment in the
Multi-Strat Funds. Other rights and investment terms that do not constitute Favorable
Terms may not be offered to such other existing investors.
Individual Investor Investment Restrictions
Certain investors (“SRI Investors”) that are subject to a “socially responsible” or similar
investment mandate which precludes them from participating in profits or losses
attributable to certain securities and other instruments (“Restricted Investments”) of
companies (“Restricted Companies”) have entered into side letter agreements with the
Offshore Fund and Hudson Bay Capital (and may enter into similar relationships in the
future with the other Feeder Funds, including the Onshore Fund) whereby Hudson Bay
Capital uses reasonable efforts to allocate profits and losses attributable to such
Restricted Companies away from the SRI Investors’ shares (the “SRI Shares”) and to
other investors (“non-SRI Investors”) who are not SRI Investors (the “Restricted
Investment Reallocation”). In cases where a single investment thesis or idea is
manifested through a group of positions, including related hedges, one of which is an
investment in a Restricted Company, as a general matter, Hudson Bay Capital will treat
the entire group of investments as a Restricted Investment even if certain of the positions
in the group are not securities or other instruments of Restricted Companies. In certain
cases, where this general rule results in outcomes Hudson Bay Capital deems suboptimal,
alternate rules may be applied. Because Restricted Investments may include hedges
(internal and otherwise) in the Investment Manager’s discretion, the Restricted
Investments Reallocation may result in a different allocation of profits and losses to the
SRI Investors and the non-SRI Investors than would have occurred had there been no
hedges (internal or otherwise). Hudson Bay Capital retains complete discretion in
determining the methodology used to determine the Restricted Investments Reallocation.
The SRI Shares are not managed as a segregated, or even separate portfolio;
i.e., the
performance of the SRI Shares will be derived,
inter alia, by removing the profits and
losses associated with the Restricted Investments from the overall profits and losses
associated with the Offshore Fund’s portfolio. As a consequence, other shares of the
Offshore Fund may be adversely (or positively) affected by Hudson Bay Capital’s
compliance with the specific investment criteria applicable to the SRI Shares to the extent
such investment criteria cause the other shares to have different exposures and weightings
than would otherwise be applicable to the Offshore Fund’s portfolio in the absence of the
SRI Shares.
PM Tranches
Certain of the Multi-Strat Funds may also issue tranches and/or classes of shares/interests
corresponding to the investment strategy (or a sub-strategy to the extent there are
multiple investment strategies managed by a particular portfolio manager) pursued by a
particular portfolio manager (the “PM Tranches”). Generally, only the portfolio manager
associated with a PM Tranche, members of such portfolio manager’s team, a family
member of such persons and/or trusts or other entities for their benefit and certain other
persons associated with Hudson Bay Capital will be eligible to subscribe for a PM
Tranche.
The Capital Structure Fund Hudson Bay Cap Structure Arbitrage Enhanced Fund LP (the “Capital Structure Feeder
Fund”), a Delaware limited partnership, invests substantially all of its assets through a
“master-feeder” fund structure in Hudson Bay Capital Structure Opportunities Master
Fund Ltd. (the “Capital Structure Master Fund”), a Cayman Islands exempted company
(together, as previously defined, the “Capital Structure Fund”).
4 Hudson Bay Capital
may form one or more additional feeder funds in the future to invest in the Capital
Structure Master Fund. The General Partner is the general partner of the Capital
Structure Fund.
The Capital Structure Fund’s investment objective is to achieve attractive risk-adjusted
returns by investing and trading in debt, equity, options, derivate contracts (including
credit derivatives) and other securities and instruments, as well as those instruments that
Hudson Bay Capital believes are appropriate to hedge certain exposures or positions in
the portfolio. Hudson Bay Capital also will from time to time cause the Capital Structure
Fund to make opportunistic investments in other types of securities and transactions.
The Capital Structure Fund pursues its investment objective and strategies primarily in
the United States, but may also invest on a global basis. The Capital Structure Fund will
implement a number of different strategies in its portfolio, including but not limited to
convertible arbitrage, relative value, capital structure arbitrage and other credit-related
strategies. Although the Capital Structure Fund’s overall focus will be on convertible and
other equity-linked and related investments as well as other debt, there are no material
limitations on the markets, strategies, instruments or countries in which Hudson Bay
Capital may trade on behalf of the Capital Structure Fund, and the Capital Structure Fund
is not subject to any specific diversification requirements with respect to the issuers,
4 As the Capital Structure Feeder Fund may make investments or enter into transactions directly or
indirectly through the Capital Structure Master Fund or other vehicles, references to the term “Capital
Structure Fund” in this Brochure should be understood to mean the Capital Structure Feeder Fund, the
Capital Structure Master Fund and/or any other vehicle through which the Capital Structure Feeder Fund
makes investments or enters into transactions.
product types or amount of leverage that may be incorporated in its portfolio, except as
may be dictated by applicable laws.
The Capital Structure Fund uses leverage, which will be substantial, but there is no
assurance that the desired level of leverage will be available on acceptable terms, or at
all. Within the Capital Structure Fund’s overall focus on investments in convertible and
other equity-linked and related Securities, the Capital Structure Fund’s portfolio may
from time to time be concentrated, possibly materially, in a particular market, strategy,
instrument type or country.
On an ongoing basis, the Capital Structure Fund’s portfolio evolves as new market
sectors, instruments, strategies and techniques are incorporated by Hudson Bay Capital
and others are discontinued or modified. The Capital Structure Fund’s portfolio and its
performance can be expected to differ materially over time.
Side Letters
The Capital Structure Fund and, in certain cases, Hudson Bay Capital, have the
discretion, to the extent permitted by applicable law, to waive or modify the application
of, or grant special or more favorable rights with respect to, the terms or provisions
applicable to investment in the Capital Structure Fund, and have done so. Such terms
may relate to withdrawal rights, fees, portfolio level information rights or different
participation in profits and losses of certain securities (“Favorable Rights”) or other
matters. To effect such waivers or modifications or the grant of any special or more
Favorable Rights or any other terms, the Capital Structure Fund may create additional
classes, sub-classes, tranches or series of interests for certain investors that provide for
these differing rights.
Although certain investors may invest with different material terms, the Capital Structure
Fund and Hudson Bay Capital generally will only offer such terms if they reasonably
believe other investors in the Capital Structure Fund will not be materially disadvantaged.
The Capital Structure Fund may create additional classes, sub-classes, tranches or series
of interests, and the Capital Structure Fund, or in certain cases Hudson Bay Capital, may
enter into side letters with investors without notice to, or consent of, other investors.
The MLP Fund The MLP Fund, a Delaware limited partnership, is a special purpose, co-investment
vehicle designed to invest and divest in one specific investment alongside HBC MLP
LLC (“HBC LLC”), which is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Onshore Fund.
The General Partner is the general partner of the MLP Fund. The MLP Fund is no longer
accepting new subscriptions.
HBC LLC and the MLP Fund have acquired convertible preferred interests in a security
of a certain master limited partnership (the “MLP”), as well as the underlying units of the
MLP and any payments or distributions of any kind made pursuant to the MLP security
(the “Asset”) targeted by Hudson Bay Capital. HBC LLC has invested and will divest in
the Asset at the same time (to the extent reasonably practical to do so) and on the same
terms as the MLP Fund.
The MLP Fund may purchase, sell or enter into a variety of financial instruments in order
to hedge its investment in the Asset (the “Hedging Trades”). The MLP Fund does not
expect to acquire assets other than the Asset and in connection with the Hedging Trades.
The MLP Fund may retain cash or cash equivalents to meet margin calls or potential
margin calls.
Side Letters
The MLP Fund and Hudson Bay Capital have entered into certain agreements with
certain of the MLP Fund investors that supplement and/or modify the terms of the MLP
Fund’s Confidential Private Placement Memorandum and Limited Partnership
Agreement. While the terms applicable to MLP Fund investors may differ, Hudson Bay
Capital does not believe that such differences materially disadvantage any MLP Fund
investor.
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Hudson Bay Capital typically charges investors in the Funds fees that are based upon a
set percentage of assets under management and/or performance, as set forth below.
These fees are deducted directly from the applicable Fund’s account. Detailed disclosure
about the fees and other expenses applicable to an investment in the Funds is provided in
the operative confidential private placement memorandum (“PPM”) and related
documents for the applicable Fund. Those operative documents should be carefully
reviewed prior to making an investment in the Funds.
The Multi-Strat Funds Management Fee
Investors in the Multi-Strat Funds are typically charged a fixed management fee equal to
2% per annum of the amount invested in a particular Multi-Strat Fund (the “Multi-Strat
Management Fee”). (The Multi-Strat Management Fee charged to the Levered Fund is
based on the gross asset value of the Levered Fund’s investment in the Intermediate
Fund,
i.e., the calculation of its Multi-Strat Management Fee includes the asset value
attributable to Fund Leverage (as defined below) used by the Levered Fund.) Such fee is
typically paid monthly or quarterly in advance and is pro-rated for periods less than a full
quarter. The Multi-Strat Management Fee paid by the Offshore Fund to Hudson Bay
Capital in respect of the Foreign Currency Shares is calculated in the applicable
functional currency.
Performance Fee
Investors in the Multi-Strat Funds are also typically charged an incentive fee or allocation
equal to 20% per annum of the net profits allocable to the amount invested in a particular
Multi-Strat Fund (after reduction by an amount equal to the Multi-Strat Management
Fee), subject to a modified loss carry forward provision (the “Multi-Strat Performance
Fee”). Under the modified loss carry forward provision, the Multi-Strat Performance Fee
will be reduced by half to 10% until 2.1 times the loss is recovered for such investment.
For example, if an investor in a particular Multi-Strat Fund suffers a loss of $100, the
next $210 of net profits will be subject to the reduced 10% Multi-Strat Performance Fee.
Additional net profits in excess of $210 will be subject to the full 20% Multi-Strat
Performance Fee.
The Multi-Strat Performance Fee for the Foreign Currency Shares (the “Foreign
Currency Performance Fee”) will be calculated as:
(i) The net realized and unrealized appreciation in the net asset value of each series
of Tranche Foreign Currency Shares will be calculated in U.S. Dollars.
(ii) The amount described in (i) above will be converted to Yen or Pounds, as
applicable, based upon the then current “spot rate”.
(iii) The Foreign Currency Performance Fee Allocation will be calculated net of the
Management Fee. For the avoidance of doubt, such calculation will not take into account,
and the Foreign Currency Performance Fee Allocation will not be calculated net of, the
expenses of currency conversions and the expenses, profits or losses of currency hedging
activities undertaken in relation to the Foreign Currency Shares.
The Foreign Currency Performance Fee calculations will also be appropriately adjusted for
redemptions and subscriptions. Additionally, the prior high net asset values and adjusted
prior high net asset values attributable to each series of Foreign Currency Shares will be
tracked in Yen or Pounds, as applicable. Hudson Bay Capital, in its sole discretion,
determines whether to receive the Foreign Currency Performance Fee for the Foreign
Currency Shares in Yen, Pounds or U.S. Dollars (converted based on the Yen or Pound
exchange rate, as applicable).
Hudson Bay Capital reserves the right to reduce, waive or calculate differently the Multi-
Strat Management and Multi-Strat Performance Fees with respect to any investor (and
has done so on occasion), including, without limitation, investors that are Hudson Bay
Insiders. Currently, Hudson Bay Insiders invested directly in the Multi-Strat Funds are
not charged a management fee and may not be subject to an incentive allocation or may
be subject to a reduced incentive allocation. By means of individually-negotiated
arrangements, certain investors pay a reduced management fee in exchange for a
substantial investment and reduced liquidity.
Other Types of Fees or Expenses
Multi-Strat Fund investors bear indirectly the fees and expenses charged to the Multi-
Strat Funds and any Trading Vehicle. Feeder Fund investors bear the direct expenses of
their respective Feeder Funds and their pro-rata share of expenses collectively incurred
by the Multi-Strat Funds and any Trading Vehicle. These fees and expenses vary, but
typically include, without limitation, the following:
Costs, fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Multi-Strat Funds investigating,
developing, negotiating, structuring, purchasing, disposing of, trading, hedging,
monitoring, valuing, terminating and holding investments, whether or not consummated,
and other investment-related expenses of the Multi-Strat Funds and any Trading Vehicle,
(
e.g., brokerage commissions, interest on margin accounts and other indebtedness,
borrowing charges on securities sold short, custodial fees, clearing and settlement
charges, exchange fees and interest expenses); research-related expenses, including,
without limitation, research-related publications, investment/research-related travel and
travel-related expenses, data and news and quotation equipment and services and
expenses for industry conferences, symposiums, meetings or similar gatherings
(including travel-related and admission expenses); fees and expenses of proxy research
and voting services; fees and expenses of the administrator and other third parties
(including on and off-site contractors and consultants) providing administrative,
accounting, operations and valuation services (including any valuation agent); legal and
other professional fees and expenses (including, without limitation, legal and other
professional fees and expenses relating to the offering of interests (including, without
limitation, the negotiation and/or drafting of side letters, to be charged at the Master Fund
level), investment activities, custody, brokerage, clearing, financing and credit
agreements, regulatory investigations and/or proceedings attributable or relating to the
Multi-Strat Funds or any Trading Vehicle, and regulatory reporting and compliance costs
attributable or relating to the Multi-Strat Funds, such as filing fees and expenses relating
to Form PF and Section 13 filings); professional fees and expenses (including, without
limitation, fees and expenses of consultants and experts); fees of the investors’
representative; systems and technology expenses (including, without limitation,
investment-related systems and accounting, operations, risk and valuation systems and
technology to the extent that they support proprietary or vendor supplied investment
and/or research-related systems and processes, such expenses to include, for the
avoidance of doubt, the fees and expenses of consultants providing the foregoing and the
cost of obtaining and storing data required for such systems and technology); accounting,
auditing and tax preparation expenses; costs of preparing and mailing reports and notices;
organizational expenses; expenses relating to obtaining insurance for members, officers
and employees of the general partner/boards of directors of the Multi-Strat Funds, any
Trading Vehicle and Hudson Bay Capital; fees and expenses (including, without
limitation, director registration fees) of the Multi-Strat Funds’ directors; costs of annual
or special investor meetings; Multi-Strat Management Fees; corporate licensing fees and
other professional fees; bank service fees; withholding and transfer fees; taxes; other
expenses related to the purchase, sale or transmittal of Multi-Strat Fund assets; costs of
any audit, investigations, administrative or other proceedings, litigation and threatened
litigation and proceedings relating to activities of the Multi-Strat Funds; fees and
expenses associated with any tax or other audit, investigation, regulatory matter,
settlement or review of the Multi-Strat Funds; and extraordinary expenses and other
similar expenses related to the Multi-Strat Funds. A portion of research-related expenses
may be paid for using “soft Dollars” (
i.e., commission Dollars and transaction fees
generated through agency and certain riskless principal transactions).
To the extent any of the foregoing expenses are also attributable to any other investment
fund, managed account, proprietary account or other account to which the General
Partner, Hudson Bay Capital or any of their affiliates provides investment services
(collectively, “Other Accounts”), such expenses will be allocated among the Multi-Strat
Funds and the various Other Accounts in a manner as determined by Hudson Bay
Capital in its sole discretion to be fair and reasonable, in accordance with Hudson Bay
Capital’s internal expense allocation policy. (See “Allocation of Expenses” below.)
Expenses attributable to the Multi-Strat Funds will be shared on a
pro rata basis among
each investor account; provided that (i) investor-specific expenses (including investor-
related taxes) may be borne by the investor to which they relate and (ii) investors of a PM
Tranche will bear any and all costs and expenses exclusive to such PM Tranche,
including the costs and expenses related to the establishment of such PM Tranche, as well
as their
pro rata share of any and all costs and expenses that are specific, but not
exclusive, to such PM Tranche, such as investment-related expenses. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, certain expenses that only relate to particular investors may be paid by the
Multi-Strat Funds generally (
i.e., foreign tax reporting requirements) and may not be
specifically allocated.
In some cases, a Multi-Strat Fund may pay a money market fund or such other short-term
investment vehicle an advisory fee on assets invested in the money market fund or short-
term investment vehicle in addition to the fees paid to Hudson Bay Capital and/or an
affiliate.
Please also see “Item 12—Brokerage Practices” below.
The Multi-Strat Funds are authorized to enter into arrangements to invest in entities
managed by or affiliated with Hudson Bay Capital (including, for this purpose,
individuals or entities that provide their services exclusively to Hudson Bay Capital or its
affiliates or clients) (“Affiliate Trading Vehicles”). In such case, to the extent necessary
to avoid two layers of compensation to Hudson Bay Capital and/or its affiliates, any fixed
asset-based fees and/or performance-based compensation due to Hudson Bay Capital or
its affiliates will reduce the Multi-Strat Management and/or Performance Fee payable to
Hudson Bay Capital, as applicable, provided that where such entity is owned in part by
Hudson Bay Capital and/or its affiliates and in part by an unaffiliated entity, such fees
will be accounted for separately, such that the amount that is attributable to the
unaffiliated entity will be treated as an expense of the Multi-Strat Fund and the amount
that is attributable to Hudson Bay Capital and/or its affiliate will reduce, Dollar-for-
Dollar, the Multi-Strat Management and/or Performance Fee. If the fixed asset-based
fees payable by and/or performance-based compensation due to Hudson Bay Capital
and/or its affiliate would exceed the combined Multi-Strat Management and Performance
Fees, the amounts payable to such affiliate will be reduced so that there is no excess.
Hudson Bay Capital and/or its affiliates may earn fees and other income (“Ancillary
Fees”) from services provided or related to portfolio investments or in connection with
portfolio investments or prospective portfolio investments, such as, without limitation,
advisory fees, due diligence fees, structuring fees, servicing fees, directors’ fees, break-up
fees or any similar fees. Hudson Bay Capital and its affiliates will keep any profits,
commissions, fees or other income earned by them in connection with any such activities.
Neither Ancillary Fees nor other types of income earned by Hudson Bay Capital and its
affiliates, including all income unrelated to the Multi-Strat Funds’ activities, will reduce
the Multi-Strat Performance or Management Fee, and the Multi-Strat Funds will not
participate in any such income.
The Capital Structure Fund Management Fee
The stated management fee for the Capital Structure Fund is 1.5% per annum of the
amount invested in the Capital Structure Fund (the “Capital Structure Management Fee”).
Such fee is to be paid quarterly in advance and is pro-rated for periods less than a full
quarter.
Incentive Allocation
Investors in the Capital Structure Fund are also typically charged an incentive fee or
allocation equal to 30% per annum of the net profits allocable to the amount invested in
the Capital Structure Fund (after reduction by an amount equal to the Capital Structure
Management Fee), subject to a modified loss carry forward provision (the “Capital
Structure Incentive Allocation”). Under the modified loss carry forward provision, the
Capital Structure Incentive Allocation will be reduced by half to 15% until 2.1 times the
loss is recovered for such investment. For example, if a Capital Structure Fund investor
suffers a loss of $100, the next $210 of net profits will be subject to the reduced 15%
Capital Structure Incentive Allocation. Additional net profits in excess of $210 will be
subject to the full 30% Capital Structure Incentive Allocation.
Hudson Bay Capital reserves the right to reduce, waive or calculate differently the
Capital Structure Management Fee and Incentive Allocation with respect to any investor,
including, without limitation, investors that are Hudson Bay Insiders, and has done so.
Currently, Hudson Bay Insiders invested directly in the Capital Structure Fund are not
charged a management fee and may not be subject to an incentive allocation or may be
subject to a reduced incentive allocation. In addition, certain early-stage investors, by
means of individually-negotiated arrangements, pay a reduced management fee.
Other Types of Fees and Expenses
Capital Structure Fund investors bear indirectly the fees and expenses charged to the
Capital Structure Fund (including any trading subsidiary’s expenses). These fees and
expenses vary, but typically include, without limitation, the following:
The Capital Structure Management Fee; investment-related expenses of the Capital
Structure Fund (
e.g., brokerage commissions, interest on margin accounts and other
indebtedness, borrowing charges on securities sold short, custodial fees, clearing and
settlement charges, exchange fees, interest expenses and investment/research-related
travel and travel-related expenses); research-related expenses, including, without
limitation, research-related publications, data and news and quotation equipment and
services and expenses for industry conferences, symposiums, meetings or similar
gatherings (including travel-related and admission expenses); fees and expenses of the
administrator and other third parties (including on and off-site contractors and
consultants) providing administrative, accounting, operations and valuation services
(including any valuation agent); legal expenses (including, without limitation, legal
expenses relating to the offering of interests, investment activities, regulatory
investigations and/or proceedings relating to the Capital Structure Fund or any other
vehicle through which the Capital Structure Fund makes investments or enters into
transactions, and regulatory reporting and compliance costs relating to the Capital
Structure Fund or any other vehicle through which the Capital Structure Fund makes
investments or enters into transactions, such as filing fees and expenses relating to Form
PF and Section 13 filings); professional fees and expenses (including, without limitation,
fees and expenses of consultants and experts); fees of the investors’ representative;
systems and technology expenses (including, without limitation, investment-related
systems and accounting, operations, risk and valuation systems and technology to the
extent that they support proprietary or vendor supplied investment and/or research-related
systems and processes, such expenses to include, for the avoidance of doubt, the fees and
expenses of consultants providing the foregoing and the cost of obtaining and storing data
required for such systems and technology); accounting, auditing and tax preparation
expenses; costs of preparing and mailing reports and notices; organizational expenses;
expenses relating to obtaining insurance for members, officers and employees of the
General Partner and Hudson Bay Capital and members of the Master Capital Structure
Fund board of directors and the board of any vehicle through which the Capital Structure
Fund makes investments or enters into transactions; fees and expenses (including,
without limitation, director registration fees) of the Master Capital Structure Fund board
of directors and the directors of any vehicle through which the Capital Structure Fund
makes investments or enters into transactions; corporate licensing fees and other
professional fees; bank service fees; withholding and transfer fees; taxes; other expenses
related to the purchase, sale or transmittal of Capital Structure Fund assets; and
extraordinary expenses and other similar expenses related to the Capital Structure Fund
and any vehicle through which the Capital Structure Fund makes investments or enters
into transactions. A portion of research-related expenses may be paid for using “soft
Dollars.”
By means of individually-negotiated arrangements, the Operating Expenses allocable to
certain early stage investors are subject to an expense cap, calculated as a fixed
percentage of the Capital Structure Fund’s average net asset value for the fiscal year (the
“Expense Cap”). In the event such investors’ allocable share of the Capital Structure
Fund’s Operating Expenses for a fiscal year exceeds the Expense Cap, Hudson Bay
Capital and/or its affiliates, and not the early stage investors, will pay the allocable
amount over the Expense Cap. Operating Expenses for this purpose means the operating
expenses as set forth in the Capital Structure Fund’s Consolidated Audited Financial
Statements other than organizational and offering expenses, the Capital Structure Fund
Management Fee and Incentive Allocation, quotation fees and market data fess and
extraordinary expenses.
To the extent any of the foregoing expenses are also attributable to any Other Account,
such expenses will be allocated among the Capital Structure Fund and the various Other
Accounts in a manner as determined by Hudson Bay Capital in its sole discretion to be
fair and reasonable, in accordance with Hudson Bay Capital’s internal expense allocation
policy. (See “Allocation of Expenses” below.)
Generally, expenses attributable to the Capital Structure Fund will be shared on a
pro
rata basis among each investor account, provided that investor-specific expenses
(including investor-related taxes) may be borne by the investor to which they relate.
Please also see “Item 12—Brokerage Practices” below.
The Capital Structure Fund may enter into arrangements to invest in Affiliate Trading
Vehicles. In such case, any fixed asset-based fees and/or performance-based
compensation due to Hudson Bay Capital or its affiliates will reduce the Capital Structure
Management Fee and/or Incentive Allocation payable to Hudson Bay Capital or its
affiliates, as applicable, provided that where such entity is owned in part by Hudson Bay
Capital and/or its affiliates and in part by an unaffiliated entity, such fees will be
accounted for separately, such that the amount that is attributable to the unaffiliated entity
will be treated as an expense of the Capital Structure Fund and the amount that is
attributable to Hudson Bay Capital and/or its affiliate will reduce, Dollar-for-Dollar, the
Capital Structure Management Fee and/or Incentive Allocation. If the fixed asset-based
fees payable by and/or performance-based compensation due to Hudson Bay Capital
and/or its affiliate would exceed the combined Capital Structure Management Fee and
Incentive Allocation, the amounts payable to such affiliate will be reduced so that there is
no excess.
The MLP Fund Management Fee
The MLP Fund will not be charged a management fee by Hudson Bay Capital.
Distributions; Recycling; Carried Interest
All cash proceeds received by the MLP Fund with respect to the Asset and the Hedging
Trades, net of expenses, reserves and tax withholding (collectively, “Net Proceeds”), will
be distributed to MLP Fund investors within 30 days following the MLP Fund’s receipt
of such proceeds; provided, however, that Net Proceeds may be recycled in the sole
discretion of the General Partner (in keeping with the MLP Fund’s investment objective)
until the third anniversary of the initial date that the MLP Fund accepted subscriptions
from the limited partners (the “Closing Date”).
Cash proceeds received by the MLP Fund with respect to the Asset and the Hedging
Trades, net of expenses, reserves and tax withholding (collectively, “Net Proceeds”) will
be apportioned in the first instance among the MLP Fund investors
pro rata based on
each investor’s respective partnership percentage (
i.e., the ratio of the investor’s capital
contributions to the aggregate capital contributions of all investors). Net Proceeds
apportioned to the General Partner will be distributed to the General Partner. Net
proceeds apportioned to each limited partner will be distributed to such limited partner
and the General Partner in the following amounts and order of priority:
•
Return of Capital: First, 100% to the limited partner until the MLP Fund has
made distributions in respect of the limited partner equal to the aggregate capital
contributions made by the limited partner; and
•
General Partner/Limited Partner Split: Thereafter, one minus the Carried Interest
Rate (as defined below) to the limited partner and the Carried Interest Rate to the
General Partner (the distributions to the General Partner described in this clause
being referred to collectively as “MLP Carried Interest”).
The Carried Interest Rate means 20% with respect to each limited partner that was an
investor in the Onshore Fund or the Offshore Fund as of the Closing Date and 30% with
respect to other limited partners.
Hudson Bay Capital has waived the MLP Carried Interest with respect to limited partners
who are Hudson Bay Capital employees, partners, members or principals (or their
respective estate planning vehicles). In addition, Hudson Bay Capital has entered into a
side letter with a single limited partner whereby in exchange for a large capital
commitment such limited partner, in addition to certain other provisions, is not charged
an MLP Carried Interest until a certain threshold return “hurdle” has been met.
Other Types of Fees or Expenses
MLP Fund investors bear indirectly the fees and expenses charged to the MLP Fund.
These fees and expenses typically include, without limitation, the following:
Investment-related expenses (
e.g., brokerage commissions, interest on margin accounts
and other indebtedness, borrowing charges on securities sold short, custodial fees,
clearing and settlement charges, exchange fees, interest expenses and
investment/research-related travel and travel-related expenses); research-related
expenses, including, without limitation, research-related publications, data and news and
quotation equipment and services; fees and expenses of the administrator and other third
parties (including on and off-site contractors and consultants) providing administrative,
accounting, operations and valuation services; legal expenses (including, without
limitation, legal expenses relating to the offering of interests, investment activities,
regulatory investigations and/or proceedings relating to the MLP Fund, and regulatory
reporting and compliance costs relating to the MLP Fund, such as filing fees and
expenses relating to Form PF and Section 13 filings); professional fees and expenses
(including, without limitation, fees and expenses of consultants and experts); systems and
technology expenses (including, without limitation, investment-related systems and
accounting, operations, risk and valuation systems and technology to the extent that they
support proprietary or vendor supplied investment and/or research-related systems and
processes, and obtaining and storing data required for such systems and technology), such
expenses to include, for the avoidance of doubt, the fees and expenses of consultants
providing the foregoing; accounting, auditing and tax preparation expenses; costs of
printing and mailing reports and notices; organizational expenses; expenses relating to
obtaining insurance for members, officers and employees of the General Partner and
Hudson Bay Capital; corporate licensing fees and other professional fees; bank service
fees; withholding and transfer fees; entity-level taxes; other expenses related to the
purchase, sale or transmittal of MLP Fund assets; and extraordinary expenses and other
similar expenses related to the MLP Fund.
To the extent any of the foregoing expenses are also attributable to any Other Accounts,
such expenses will be allocated among the MLP Fund and the various Other Accounts in
a manner as determined by Hudson Bay Capital in its sole discretion to be fair and
reasonable, in accordance with Hudson Bay Capital’s internal expense allocation policy.
See “Allocation of Expenses” below.
Please also see “Item 12 – Brokerage Practices” below.
Allocation of Expenses As Hudson Bay Capital manages investments on behalf of a number of Funds, Hudson Bay
Capital may be required to allocate expenses among the various Funds. Hudson Bay
Capital has adopted policies and procedures for the allocation of investment and operating
expenses that are incurred for multiple Funds (“Multi-Fund Expenses”), although the
policies and procedures may change from time to time and may differ materially from those
described below and exceptions from the methodology set forth below may occur from
time to time as determined by Hudson Bay Capital.
Hudson Bay Capital will allocate each Multi-Fund expense among the Funds that should
bear the applicable expense (the “Applicable Funds”)
pro rata generally using one of the
following metrics: (i) assets under management; (ii) number of transactions; (iii) number
of active positions; (iv) number of lifetime positions; and (v) such other metric(s) as may
be applicable in the discretion of Hudson Bay Capital (each a “Fund Allocation Metric”).
Hudson Bay Capital will select the Fund Allocation Metric and the Funds that are
Applicable Funds for each Multi-Fund Expense in a manner that it believes to be fair and
reasonable based upon the facts and circumstances surrounding the Multi-Fund Expense
at issue. For example, direct investment expenses generally will be allocated based upon
an Applicable Fund’s respective participations in the relevant investments. Hudson Bay
Capital may, from time to time, change the Fund Allocation Metric utilized for a Multi-
Fund Expense, and the Funds that are Applicable Funds for a particular Multi-Fund
Expense, based upon new circumstances and/or considerations and/or create new Fund
Allocation Metrics as Hudson Bay Capital deems appropriate.
Consultants Certain services provided to the Funds at their expense by consultants and other
independent contractors could, theoretically, otherwise be provided by an employee that
Hudson Bay Capital would hire at its expense. While Hudson Bay Capital may be subject
to a conflict in terms of deciding whether to retain a consultant or hire an employee to
perform a task, there may be valid business reasons for a consultant to be hired (
e.g., the
limited nature of the task or the particular expertise or preference of the consultant).
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As stated in “Item 5 – Fees and Compensation” above, generally all Hudson Bay Capital
Clients are subject to payment of a performance-based fee. As a result, Hudson Bay
Capital does not face the conflicts of interest that may arise when an investment adviser
accepts performance-based fees from some clients, but not others. However, to the extent
performance-based fees paid by Clients vary, Hudson Bay Capital may have an incentive
to favor one Client over another. Hudson Bay Capital addresses this possible conflict
through its trade allocation policy, in which investment opportunities are allocated among
Clients according to each Client’s investment objectives and in manner that Hudson Bay
Capital believes to fair and equitable.
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As described in “Item 4 – Advisory Business” above, Hudson Bay Capital provides
investment advice to private investment vehicles (defined previously as the “Funds”).
Each of the Funds is excluded from the definition of “investment company” pursuant to
Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. Hudson Bay
Capital provides investment advice directly to the Funds and not individually to the Fund
investors. The Fund investors generally consist of institutions (
e.g., pension plans,
endowments, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, foundations, insurance companies,
banks, etc.), “funds of funds” and high net worth families and individuals.
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The Multi-Strat Funds Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss
Hudson Bay Capital’s investment objective on behalf of the Multi-Strat Funds is to target
traditional and non-traditional sources of alpha by employing a diverse set of catalyst-
driven absolute return strategies that are intended to be uncorrelated to each other and to
the major indices. The Multi-Strat Funds expect to hold both long and short positions in
a broad range of debt and equity securities, derivatives and other financial instruments on
a global basis. There are no material limitations on the instruments, markets or countries
in which the Multi-Strat Funds may invest or on the investment strategies which may be
employed on behalf of the Multi-Strat Funds. The Multi-Strat Funds do not focus on, nor
is their trading limited to, any geographic area, industry sector, issuer credit rating or
issuer market capitalization level. The Multi-Strat Funds are not subject to any formal
diversification requirements, and a Multi-Strat Fund’s portfolio may, from time to time,
be concentrated in a limited number of positions or strategies.
The Multi-Strat Funds may trade derivatives (including commodity and credit-related
derivatives trading) both for hedging and for investment purposes.
Hudson Bay Capital is continually developing new, and adapting and refining existing,
strategies. Its current strategies include convertible arbitrage, merger and event-driven
arbitrage, direct equity and debt investing, options and volatility arbitrage and credit
trading. Hudson Bay Capital’s strategies generally fall into three categories: relative
value, event-driven and directional. There are no clear dividing lines among these
categories, and any strategy employed by the Multi-Strat Funds may be cross-categorized
to the extent that its guiding logic is multidisciplinary.
Relative Value Strategies
Relative value strategies seek to profit from the relative mispricing of related assets:
e.g.,
convertible bonds and the common stock underlying the conversion option, other options
and futures and their underlying reference assets, debt instruments of the same issuer or
of different issuers (including credit default swaps on the issuer(s)) with different
maturities or yields and the common stock of different issuers in the same industry sector.
These strategies may be highly quantitative and based on theoretical or historical pricing
relationships. Because they focus on capturing the value from the relative mispricing of
related assets, relative value strategies can generate returns independent of overall
movements in the global level of debt or equity prices, although many of these strategies
in fact are constructed with a long or short equity or debt bias. Because the mispricings
that these strategies exploit tend to be small in absolute terms, these strategies frequently
use leverage, which could be substantial, in an attempt to increase returns. Relative value
strategies typically do not hedge all the risks of the strategy, and certain risks cannot be
effectively hedged.
Event-Driven Strategies
Event-driven strategies concentrate on the profit potential created by major corporate
events:
e.g., mergers, acquisitions, restructurings, bankruptcies, liquidations, regulatory
or legal developments and other events. Unlike relative value strategies, which
emphasize the (often theoretically compelled) quantitative relationship among different
but related assets, event-driven strategies are highly issuer- and transaction-specific and
could rely more on fundamental research and judgment than on mathematical precision.
Positions are taken which will be profitable if a particular event comes to pass, while a
variety of techniques are used to mitigate the risk that the event does not occur. Event-
driven strategies are dependent on market conditions conducive to major corporate
events.
Directional Strategies
Directional strategies attempt to predict near to mid-term absolute movements in the
prices of equities, debt instruments or other assets. Price forecasting may be based on the
fundamental analysis of an issuer or industry (which may be based on subjective
evaluation of the strength of management, the prospects for the business or other factors),
specific expertise in a particular technological or scientific niche, quantitative analysis of
value indicators, econometric models in which issuers are treated as fungible, or other
fundamental or technical analysis appropriate to a particular situation. Although diverse
in their methods, these strategies each attempt to predict future prices based not on
relative mispricing or on the occurrence of a particular event that will itself define value,
but rather on the belief that the market will come to realize the “fair” value of an asset.
These strategies are subject to the risk that the portfolio managers will have incorrectly
identified fair value or that such fair value will not be reflected in market value within the
time horizon of the strategy.
Although certain directional strategies (for example, buying growth equities) are largely
dependent on overall market movements, others attempt to reduce the impact of the
market conditions by establishing both long and short positions. While such “beta
neutral” or “beta reduced” strategies may, to a certain extent, be characterized as relative
value strategies, the hallmark of these strategies is the identification of assets that Hudson
Bay Capital believes the market will revalue and the elimination through hedging of the
factors that may cause the market not to do so.
Hybrid and Other Strategies
Hudson Bay Capital will design and implement strategies incorporating elements of
relative value, event-driven and directional approaches, as well as such other
opportunistic investment tactics, as Hudson Bay Capital may consider advantageous from
time to time.
As of the date of this Brochure, Hudson Bay Capital categorizes its Multi-Strat Fund
strategies into the following groups in its reports to investors: (i) event-driven/merger
arbitrage (including long/short equity); (ii) volatility trading; (iii) convertibles; and
(iv) credit.
Certain of the specific trading strategies and techniques (including sub-strategies) that
have historically been used for the Multi-Strat Funds are outlined below for illustrative
purposes. The following does not purport to be a complete list of all trading strategies
employed, and certain of the Multi-Strat Funds’ trades may involve a combination of, or
a departure from, these strategies.
•
Event/Merger Arbitrage – involves investing in securities of an issuer which is
involved in prospective mergers or corporate combinations, acquisitions, tender
offers, exchange offers, corporate recapitalizations, litigation or spin-offs or other
corporate action transactions with the expectation of profiting from the difference
between the price of such securities at the inception of the investment and the
price of such securities in expectation of or upon consummation of particular
events.
•
Derivative Arbitrage – involves the purchase and sale of options, futures,
warrants, swaps and other derivative securities in anticipation of profiting from a
relative mispricing between them. These transactions may be offset in the
underlying principal markets. Examples of such strategies are commonly known
as index arbitrage and volatility arbitrage.
•
Options Arbitrage – seeks to profit from market turbulence or lack thereof, as
reflected in movements in option prices that result from either market volatility or
market fluctuations. The goal of this strategy is to buy inexpensively priced (
i.e.,
low implied volatility) options whose underlying instruments are historically
more volatile and sell expensively priced (
i.e., high implied volatility) options
whose underlying instruments are historically less volatile.
•
Equity-volatility Arbitrage – seeks to identify and exploit relative mispricings in
general volatility levels, skew and term structures across global markets. Hudson
Bay Capital will evaluate volatility through the analysis of capital structure, event
catalysts and the structured products market.
•
Convertible Arbitrage – involves purchasing and selling convertible securities and
may involve hedging the underlying equity and/or credit risk, in anticipation of
profiting from a relative mispricing among them. This is intended to create a net
position that is designed to be substantially neutral to the movements in the
underlying equity and has an attractive yield.
•
Direct Investments – involves the purchasing and selling, though private
placements or public offerings, of securities offered by companies that are
publicly traded. Direct investments generally include private investments in
public equity (“PIPEs”) as well as the following investments issued or offered by
public companies: (i) convertible debt securities and preferred stock, with and
without embedded put and call features; (ii) common stock issued at a discount or
implied discount; (iii) warrants, purchased alone or issued in connection with non-
convertible debt securities or any of the securities listed above, which warrants
may or may not be publicly traded and in which the underlying security may be
restricted or unrestricted; (iv) registered direct offerings; (v) confidentially
marketed public offerings; and (vi) other structured investments in public
companies. A variant of the direct investment strategy is the purchase of publicly
traded, SEC-registered securities of special purpose acquisition companies (so-
called SPACs), companies that have no operations but that go public with the
intention of merging with or acquiring a private company within a specified
period of time. Most of the money raised from a SPAC’s initial public offering is
placed in a trust until the merger or acquisition is consummated. A SPAC’s
publicly offered securities typically consist of units comprised of common shares
and warrants. The Multi-Strat Funds are not limited in the types of direct
investments they may make and can also invest in, among other things, debt and
equity of private companies.
•
Stock Loan Arbitrage – from time to time, trading opportunities arise based on the
ability to borrow or lend certain types of securities, directly or synthetically.
•
Capital Structure Arbitrage – involves the simultaneous long purchase and short
sale of two different classes of securities of the same issuer in order to capitalize
on relative mispricings among them.
•
Credit Strategies – involve long and short investments in different corporate and
asset-backed securities and derivatives, including loan participations and
allocations (
i.e., interests in a loan, generally governed by a credit agreement
between the original lending syndicate) in the secondary market. Other credit-
related strategies take various different forms, including (but not limited to)
buying and selling different credit-sensitive instruments relating to one issuer,
selling “short” bonds of an issuer subject to potential credit deterioration, and
buying distressed and high-yield securities offering favorable return profiles.
•
Distressed Strategies –
involve purchases and sales of debt and equity securities
and obligations of companies that Hudson Bay Capital believes are likely to be
defaulting on their obligations; entering bankruptcy; in bankruptcy; liquidating;
emerging from bankruptcy; restructuring; or otherwise in distress or emerging
therefrom. Distressed strategies frequently require an activist approach to be
taken, including communicating directly with the officers or advisors of the
issuer, joining a creditor or shareholders committee, or joining or initiating legal
action to protect the rights of the Multi-Strat Funds.
•
Directional Equity, Corporate Debt, Derivatives or Currencies – These strategies
involve trading in equity, debt, derivatives or currencies using technical or
fundamental analysis or a combination thereof in anticipation of profiting from
movements in the prices of these assets. Such investments may be concentrated
in specific industry sectors and may include short- or long-term investments, as
well as investments in investment grade or distressed debt or equity.
•
Relative Value Long/Short Equity – involves taking a number of long and short
positions in a particular equity market to create a portfolio that is designed to have
a reduced, if any, net market exposure. Equities that are deemed relatively
undervalued are purchased long and relatively overvalued equities are sold short.
This strategy can benefit from relative value discrepancies with reduced stock
market risk and may be driven by fundamental analysis of industry sectors.
•
Fundamental Long/Short Equity – involves taking long positions in undervalued
equity securities and short positions in overvalued equity securities. In this
strategy, the Multi-Strat Funds often accept some equity market exposure seeking
to profit from both security selection and thematic sector or market timing
decisions.
Leverage at the Levered Fund Level
In pursuing its investment objective (
i.e., its investment in the Master Fund through the
Intermediate Fund), the Levered Fund expects to employ a substantial degree of leverage
at the Levered Fund level (“Fund Leverage”), which is in addition to the leverage
obtained at the Master Fund level. Although the Levered Fund has no pre-determined
limitations on the amount of leverage it may utilize, the Levered Fund’s target leverage is
1.5x-2x net asset value (“NAV”). The Levered Fund may use more or less leverage
without notice to the shareholders. Leverage is also used by the Master Fund. While
leverage presents the opportunity for increasing the total return on investments, it has the
effect of potentially increasing losses as well.
The Levered Fund will obtain the Fund Leverage from a third party multi-national
financial institution (such institution, or any additional or substitute lender, the “Lender”).
Under the terms of this financing, the Levered Fund intends to secure Fund Leverage by
pledging all of its assets, including its interests in the Intermediate Fund, to the
Lender. Further, the Intermediate Fund will guarantee the Levered Fund’s obligations to
the Lender and pledge all of its assets, including its interests in the Master Fund (which
guarantee will be limited to the NAV of the Fund’s interests in the Intermediate Fund) to
the Lender. The Fund Leverage will take the form of a note issued by the Levered Fund
to the Lender and/or other similar instruments or structures designed to achieve a similar
result. The cost of the Fund Leverage will be structured as a floating benchmark which
will be reset periodically plus a fixed additional amount which may be reset annually.
The principal amount will be payable at the end of the one year term unless the Lender
determines not to extend the Fund Leverage. The Fund Leverage will be provided under
agreements (“Lender Agreements”) that will require the Levered Fund to make
customary representations as well as provide the Lender with additional rights including
but not limited to indemnity rights and rights to have any increased costs or other
expenses reimbursed. The Lender Agreements will also subject the Fund to additional
obligations and requirements such as reporting, borrower covenants, and representations,
investments guidelines and portfolio diversification. The Lender Agreements will also
contain customary provisions specifying events of default including: failure to pay
principal, impairment of security interest, loan to value (“LTV”) breach, NAV trigger,
cross default, bankruptcy or issuer failure to perform, among others. If the LTV rises
above the threshold, the Levered Fund will be required to immediately redeem out of its
interests in the Intermediate Fund and its indirect interests in the Master Fund in an
amount necessary to reduce the LTV. Accordingly, the Lender Agreements and the Fund
Leverage create higher costs to the Levered Fund along with a possibility of a default by
the Levered Fund.
If the Levered Fund defaults under a Lender Agreement, the Lender will likely have the
right to foreclose on all of the assets of the Levered Fund including its ownership
interests in the Intermediate Fund and foreclose on all of the assets of the Intermediate
Fund including its interests in the Master Fund and sell, assign, transfer, redeem or
liquidate those assets. This will have the impact of crystallizing the value of the
collateral and could magnify potential losses to the shareholders. If the Lender were to
foreclose on the assets of the Levered Fund, it may have the right to redeem the Levered
Fund’s ownership of the Intermediate Fund and the Intermediate Fund’s ownership of the
Master Fund in an accelerated manner. In addition, if such an event of default occurs, the
Levered Fund could lose the Fund Leverage and may be unable to replace it.
The Levered Fund may replace the Lender with another financial institution, or obtain
additional leverage from another financial institution under terms similar or different
from the terms provided by the Lender without notice to a Levered Fund investor. The
terms including the associated financing charges and other costs required by such
additional or replacement lender to provide the Fund Leverage may be more onerous than
those imposed by the Lender.
Guarantees
In addition to the Lender Agreements, there will be situations in which the Master Fund
(or one of its subsidiaries) may need to provide a guarantee on behalf of one or more of
the Multi-Strat Funds (including any Multi-Strat Funds to be formed in the future) or any
of their subsidiaries (each, a “Guaranteed Entity”) as credit support to (a) facilitate
trading or financing with a prime broker, swap dealer or other financing counterparty
(each, a “Financing Counterparty”) or (b) guarantee financing necessary to leverage the
amount of the Guaranteed Entity’s investment in the Master Fund and/or the HB Fund.
The Master Fund may pledge all or any portion of its assets to support such guarantee;
provided that the amount of the guarantee will be limited to the value of the interest that
the Guaranteed Entity has in the Master Fund. These financing arrangements may limit
or reduce the amount of leverage available to the Master Fund as the Master Fund may
choose or be required to custody or segregate a certain amount of its assets with a
Financing Counterparty thereby reducing collateral available for the Master Fund.
Further, the Financing Counterparty may aggregate the financing provided to the
Guaranteed Entity together with the financing provided to the Master Fund directly, and
establish a single financing limit for the total collateral posted by the Master Fund on its
own behalf and on behalf of the Guaranteed Entity.
Third-Party Ventures
In executing a Multi-Strat Fund’s investment strategies, a Multi-Strat may (i) enter into
joint venture arrangements with unaffiliated third parties, (ii) participate in private pooled
investment vehicles (including other private investment funds, but specifically excluding,
for purposes of the definition below of “Third-Party Ventures,” (a) pooled investment
vehicles that are publicly traded, such as mutual funds, and (b) pooled investment
vehicles managed by Hudson Bay Capital and/or its affiliates) or (iii) invest capital in
separately managed accounts with unaffiliated investment managers where Hudson Bay
Capital determines that such arrangements complement Hudson Bay Capital’s expertise
and/or enhance the Multi-Strat Fund’s ability to access specific investment opportunities
beyond Hudson Bay Capital’s resources, in each case, where a third party has investment
discretion (collectively, “Third-Party Ventures”), provided, however, that the Multi-Strat
Fund will not enter into Third-Party Ventures that represent investments in non-publicly
traded funds-of-funds where the underlying investments are themselves private
investment companies. When a Multi-Strat Fund enters into a Third-Party Venture, the
manager thereof may be paid fixed asset-based fees and/or performance-based
compensation. This is in addition to the Multi-Strat Management and Performance Fees
received by Hudson Bay Capital and/or an affiliate.
Term Investments
Generally, the instruments in which the Multi-Strat Funds invest are issued by publicly-
traded companies, although from time to time, the Multi-Strat Funds purchase
investments that are long-term in nature and/or less liquid than an investment in readily
marketable securities. Among other limitations, such investments may be subject to
regulatory limitations on resale, including extended holding period requirements, during
which period the Multi-Strat Funds may be limited in their ability to liquidate such
investments (“Term Investments”).
A subcategory of Term Investments are investments that Hudson Bay Capital believes
will become freely tradeable only after a year (the “Longer Term Investments”). The
aggregate net asset value of each Feeder Fund’s exposure to Longer Term Investments
generally will not comprise more than 5% of the net asset value of the Multi-Strat Master
Fund (measured at the time such investment is made) (the “Longer Term Investment
Limitation”). Privately issued securities that are convertible or exercisable into securities
that are freely tradeable or are expected to become freely tradeable within a year
generally would not fall within this category of investments. A detailed description of
the methodology Hudson Bay Capital currently employs in determining which
investments constitute Longer Term Investments is set forth in each Feeder Fund’s PPM.
If Hudson Bay Capital believes that illiquid opportunities warrant investing in excess of
the Longer Term Investment Limitation, it will notify all Multi-Strat Fund investors of a
proposal to exceed such amount. Consenting investors will share in these opportunities
on a
pro rata basis.
Trading Vehicles
Although the Multi-Strat Master Fund implements its own investing and trading
strategies directly, it also invests through Trading Vehicles, including one or more other
funds managed by Hudson Bay Capital or any of its affiliates.
There are no material restrictions on the strategies, leverage or markets which may be
incorporated into the Multi-Strat Funds’ portfolio or the percentage of a Multi-Strat
Fund’s assets that may be committed to any particular strategy type, market or
instrument. The composition of a Multi-Strat Fund’s portfolio, as well as the liquidity
profile and the expected position duration of such portfolio, can be expected to change
materially over time, as the strategies implement by Hudson Bay Capital continue to
evolve.
Co-Investments
The Multi-Strat Funds may co-invest in the same investment opportunity together with
Other Accounts and may offer co-investment opportunities to Other Accounts and other
co-investors (including Multi-Strat Fund investors and/or third parties). In such
circumstances, the investment opportunity available to the Multi-Strat Funds may be less
than it otherwise would have been. Certain co-investors investing with a Multi-Strat
Fund may invest on different (and more favorable) terms applicable to the Multi-Strat
Fund and may have interests or requirements that conflict with and adversely impact the
Multi-Strat Fund (
e.g., with respect to their liquidity requirements, available capital, the
timing of acquisitions and disposals or other rights). Hudson Bay Capital will generally
seek to assure that the Multi-Strat Funds, Other Accounts and third party co-investors
participate in any co-investment and related transactions on comparable terms to the
extent practicable and share in corresponding investment related expenses. Multi-Strat
investors should note, however, that this may not be practicable in all circumstances and
that the Multi-Strat Funds may participate in such investments on different and
potentially less favorable terms than such parties if Hudson Bay Capital deems such
participation in the Multi-Strat Funds’ best interest. This may have an adverse impact on
the Multi-Strat Funds.
Material Risks
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that Clients and Multi-Strat Fund investors
should be prepared to bear. The following is a summary of some of the material risks
associated with the strategies expected to account for a significant portion of the Multi-
Strat Funds’ investments. This summary does not attempt to describe all of the risks
associated with an investment in a Multi-Strat Fund. Although no summary can fully
describe all of the risks associated with such an investment, each Feeder Fund’s PPM
contains a more complete description of the risks associated with an investment in that
Multi-Strat Fund.
Risk management is a key part of Hudson Bay Capital’s investment process. Hudson
Bay Capital attempts to monitor the risk parameters of each Multi-Strat Fund’s overall
portfolio, as well as the concentration of the portfolio in any particular investment asset,
strategy or market. Although Hudson Bay Capital attempts to mitigate risk in the Multi-
Strat Funds by hedging at the position, strategy and/or portfolio level, such attempts may
not be effective and hedging strategies themselves could add additional risks. Hudson
Bay Capital generally does not attempt to hedge all market or other risks inherent in a
Multi-Strat Fund’s portfolio, and hedges certain risks, if at all, only partially.
General Risks
Investment and Trading Risks in General
All investments made by a Multi-Strat Fund risk the loss of capital. No guarantee or
representation is made that a Multi-Strat Fund’s program will be successful and
investment results may vary substantially over time. The past performance of speculative
trading strategies such as those implemented by the Multi-Strat Funds is not necessarily
indicative of their future results.
Leverage Risk
The use of leverage is integral to many of the Multi-Strat Funds’ strategies, and the
Multi-Strat Funds depend on the availability of credit in order to finance its portfolio. The
Multi-Strat Funds borrow funds from brokers, banks and other lenders; purchase
securities on margin; and use various derivatives. The use of leverage creates risks of
“credit squeezes” and the adverse effects of discretionary margin increases by dealers and
counterparties and, in certain circumstances, can increase the losses to which a Multi-
Strat Fund’s portfolio may be subject.
Volatility Risk
The prices of instruments traded by the Multi-Strat Funds have been subject to periods of
excessive volatility in the past, and such periods may recur. While volatility can create
profit opportunities for the Multi-Strat Funds, it also can create the specific risk that
historical or theoretical pricing relationships will be disrupted, causing what should
otherwise be comparatively low risk positions to incur losses. On the other hand, given
the nature of many of the Multi-Strat Funds’ strategies, the lack of volatility can also
result in materially diminished prospects for profitability to the Multi-Strat Funds and
even losses for certain of the Multi-Strat Funds’ strategies that profit from price
movements.
Risk of Stagnant Markets
Although volatility is one indication of market risk, certain of the Multi-Strat Funds’
investment strategies rely for their profitability on market volatility contributing to the
mispricings that the strategies are designed to identify. Option values increase in direct
(although correlation to increases in market volatility, so that strategies that are “long
volatility” typically are unprofitable in stagnant markets. In periods of trendless, stagnant
markets and/or deflation, alternative investment strategies have materially diminished
prospects for profitability.
Liquidity Risk
Certain of the Multi-Strat Funds’ investment positions may be illiquid in the ordinary
course of business, as well as experience periods of illiquidity despite generally being
liquid. Lack of liquidity can make it economically unfeasible for a Multi-Strat Fund to
recognize profits on open positions or to close out open positions against which the
market is moving and could also adversely affect the Multi-Strat Funds’ ability to
rebalance their portfolios. Illiquidity can also disconnect market values from the
historical pricing indicators used in Hudson Bay Capital’s investment analysis.
Fraud
Of paramount concern in investments is the possibility of material misrepresentation or
omission on the part of a counterparty or an issuer. Such inaccuracy or incompleteness,
among other things, may adversely affect the valuation of the collateral underlying an
investment or cause funds to be misappropriated. Hudson Bay Capital relies upon the
accuracy and completeness of representations made by counterparties and issuers to the
extent that it deems such representations to be reasonable, but cannot guarantee such
accuracy or completeness.
Cybersecurity Risk
Hudson Bay Capital processes, stores and transmits large amounts of electronic
information, including information relating to the transactions of the Multi-Strat Funds
and personally identifiable information of the investors. Similarly, service providers of
Hudson Bay Capital and/or the Multi-Strat Funds, especially the administrator, may
process, store and transmit such information. Hudson Bay Capital has procedures and
systems in place that it believes are reasonably designed to protect such information and
prevent data loss and security breaches. However, such measures cannot provide absolute
security. Hudson Bay Capital’s systems or facilities may be susceptible to employee error
or malfeasance, government surveillance and/or other security threats. Breach of Hudson
Bay Capital’s information systems may cause information relating to the transactions of
the Multi-Strat Funds and personally identifiable information of the investors to be lost or
improperly accessed, used or disclosed. The service providers of Hudson Bay Capital and
the Multi-Strat Funds are subject to the same electronic information security threats as
Hudson Bay Capital.
The loss or improper access, use or disclosure of Hudson Bay Capital’s or a Multi-Strat
Fund’s proprietary information may cause Hudson Bay Capital or the Multi-Strat Fund to
suffer, among other things, financial loss, the disruption of their businesses, liability to
third parties, regulatory intervention or reputational damage. Any of the foregoing events
could have a material adverse effect on the Multi-Strat Funds and the investors’
investments therein.
Custody Risk
The assets of the Multi-Strat Funds are generally held in accounts maintained for them by
their banks, prime brokers or in accounts with other market participants. Such accounts
are generally not segregated and the assets therein are not titled in the name of the Multi-
Strat Fund. Therefore, in addition, because the Multi-Strat Funds’ securities are generally
held in margin accounts, and the prime brokers have the ability to loan those securities to
other persons, a Multi-Strat Fund’s ability to recover all of its assets in the context of its
bankruptcy or other failure will be further limited. If the banks or brokerage firms
selected to act as custodians become insolvent, a Multi-Strat Fund may lose all or a
portion of the funds or securities held by those custodians.
“Master-Feeder” Structure
The Multi-Strat Funds operate in a “master-feeder” structure. The master-feeder fund
structure—in particular the existence of multiple Feeder Funds investing in the same
master fund—presents certain unique risks to investors. Smaller Feeder Funds investing
in the Master Fund may be materially affected by the actions of larger Feeder Funds
investing in the Master Fund. For example, if a larger Feeder Fund redeems from the
Master Fund, the remaining Feeder Funds may experience higher
pro rata operating
expenses, thereby producing lower returns. The Master Fund may become less diverse
due to a redemption by a larger Feeder Fund, resulting in increased portfolio risk. The
Master Fund is a single entity and creditors of the Master Fund may enforce claims
against all assets of the Master Fund.
Strategy Risks
Multi-Strategy Approach
Hudson Bay Capital implements a multi-strategy approach. The different strategies
which are combined in a Multi-Strat Fund’s portfolio may generate offsetting gains and
losses resulting in substantial transaction costs, but no net profit.
Multiple Managers Trading Independently
Any strategy which is used in the Multi-Strat Funds’ portfolio may generate offsetting
gains and losses resulting in substantial transaction costs, but no net profit. Investment
decisions are, for the most part, made by separate portfolio managers, acting
independently of one another, so it is possible that one portfolio manager may be
purchasing securities that are being sold at the same time by another portfolio manager.
In such cases, the Multi-Strat Funds may incur certain transaction costs without achieving
any net returns. It is also possible that portfolio managers could compete for the same
positions.
Relative Value Strategies
The success of the Multi-Strat Funds’ relative value trading is dependent on Hudson Bay
Capital’s ability to exploit relative mispricings among interrelated instruments.
Mispricings, even if correctly identified, may not converge within the time frame within
which a Multi-Strat Fund maintains its positions. The Multi-Strat Funds’ relative value
strategies are subject to the risks of disruptions in historical price relationships, the
restricted availability of credit and the obsolescence or inaccuracy of the Multi-Strat
Funds’ or third-party valuation models. Market disruptions may also force a Multi-Strat
Fund to close out one or more positions. Such disruptions have in the past resulted in
substantial losses for funds employing relative value strategies. Even if a Multi-Strat
Fund’s relative value investment strategies are successful, they may result in high
portfolio turnover, and, consequently, high transaction costs.
A major component of relative value trading involves spreads between two or more
positions. To the extent the price relationships between such positions remain constant,
no gain or loss may occur. Such positions do, however, entail a substantial risk that the
price differential could change unfavorably and, due to the leveraged nature of the Multi-
Strat Funds’ trading, result in increased losses.
Changes in the shape of the yield curve can cause significant changes in the profitability
of relative value strategies. In the event of an inversion of the yield curve, the reversal of
the interest differential between investments of different maturities can make previously
profitable hedging techniques unprofitable.
Market Neutral and Hedged Strategies
Although Hudson Bay Capital invests in positions that are intended to be market neutral,
it may be unable to, or decide not to, hedge its positions, and, in such event, a Multi-Strat
Fund might sustain a significant risk of loss as a result of changes in the price of unhedged
positions. In addition, there is no guarantee that the returns of the Multi-Strat Fund will
continue to have a low correlation or be non-correlated with market indices and the Multi-
Strat Fund could experience significant losses.
The Multi-Strat Funds also may utilize financial instruments such as commodity interests,
forward contracts and interest rate swaps, caps and floors both for investment purposes
and to seek to hedge against fluctuations in the relative values of the Multi-Strat Funds’
portfolio positions. Hedging against a decline in the value of a portfolio position does not
eliminate fluctuations in the values of portfolio positions or prevent losses if the values of
such positions decline, but establishes other positions designed to gain from those same
developments, thus moderating the decline in the portfolio positions’ value. Such hedge
transactions also limit the opportunity for gain if the value of the portfolio positions
should increase. Moreover, it may not be possible for the Multi-Strat Funds to enter into
a hedging transaction at an acceptable price or at a price sufficient to protect the Multi-
Strat Funds from the anticipated decline in value of the portfolio position.
Event-Driven Investing
Event-driven strategies focus on investing in positions whose profitability depends upon
the result of some significant corporate event occurring. The consummation of mergers,
exchange offers, cash tender offers or other similar transactions can be prevented or
delayed by a variety of factors. If the proposed transaction appears likely not to be
consummated or in fact is not consummated or is delayed, the market price of the security
to be tendered or exchanged may, and likely will, decline sharply by an amount greater
than the difference between the Multi-Strat Fund’s purchase price and the anticipated
consideration to be paid. Where a security to be issued in a merger or exchange offer has
been sold short in the expectation that the short position will be covered by delivery of
such security when issued, failure of the merger or exchange offer to be consummated
may cause the Multi-Strat Fund to cover its short sale, with a resulting, and perhaps
significant, loss. A Multi-Strat Fund may not otherwise hedge a short position
established in anticipation of the failure of an announced transaction.
If a Multi-Strat Fund purchases securities in anticipation of an acquisition attempt or
reorganization which does not occur, the Multi-Strat Fund may sell the securities at a
substantial loss. In addition, where securities are purchased in anticipation of an
acquisition attempt or reorganization, substantial time may elapse between the Multi-
Strat Fund’s purchase of securities and the acquisition or reorganization. In such cases, a
portion of the Multi-Strat Fund’s funds would be committed during this period to the
securities purchased, and the Multi-Strat Fund would incur an interest expense on the
funds it borrowed to purchase the securities.
The Multi-Strat Funds invest in “distressed securities” – debt and equity securities,
including obligations of U.S. and non-U.S. entities which are experiencing significant
financial or business difficulties. Investments in distressed securities involve a
substantial degree of risk. A Multi-Strat Fund may lose a substantial portion or all of its
investment in a distressed investment or may be required to accept cash or securities with
a value less than the Fund’s investment. Among the risks inherent in investments in
entities experiencing significant financial or business difficulties is the fact that it
frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the true condition of such entities.
The market prices of such instruments are also subject to abrupt and erratic market
movements and above average price volatility, and the spread between the bid and asked
prices of such instruments may be greater than in other markets.
The Multi-Strat Funds may invest in companies involved in or undergoing work-outs,
liquidations, split-offs, spin-offs, reorganizations, bankruptcies or other catalytic changes
or similar transactions. In any investment opportunity involving any such type of special
situation, there exists the risk that the contemplated transaction will be unsuccessful, will
take considerable time or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security with a
value less than the purchase price to the Multi-Strat Fund of the security or other
financial instrument in respect of which such distribution is received. Similarly, if an
anticipated transaction does not in fact occur, the Multi-Strat Fund may be required to
sell its investment at a loss. Because there is substantial uncertainty concerning the
outcome of transactions involving financially troubled companies in which a Multi-Strat
Fund may invest, there is a potential risk of loss by the Multi-Strat Fund of its entire
investment in such companies.
The Multi-Strat Funds may make investments in restructurings that involve companies
that are experiencing or are expected to experience severe financial difficulties. These
severe financial difficulties may never be overcome and may cause such companies to
become subject to bankruptcy proceedings. In such situations, the Multi-Strat Fund’s
investment is subject to the risk that a bankruptcy filing may adversely and permanently
impact the value of a company and that high administrative costs may impair the value of
the company. In addition, such investments could subject the Multi-Strat Fund to certain
additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of the Multi-Strat Fund’s original
investment therein.
Directional Trading
Certain of the positions taken by the Multi-Strat Funds may be directional (
i.e., designed
to profit from forecasting absolute price movements in a particular instrument) and
certain of the relative value and event-driven investment strategies used by the Multi-
Strat Funds may have inherently directional characteristics. Directional investing is
subject to all the risks inherent in incorrectly predicting future price movements. Often
these price movements will be determined by unanticipated factors, and even if the
determining factors are correctly identified, Hudson Bay Capital’s analysis of those
factors may prove inaccurate, in each case potentially leading to substantial losses.
Predicting future prices is inherently uncertain and the losses incurred, if the market
moves against a position, will often not be hedged. The speculative aspect of attempting
to predict absolute price movements is generally perceived to exceed that involved in
attempting to predict relative price fluctuations.
Risks Related to Certain Instruments Traded
Equity Securities
The investment portfolio of the Multi-Strat Funds includes positions in common stocks,
preferred stocks and convertible securities principally of U.S. issuers and non-U.S.
issuers. The Multi-Strat Funds also invest in depositary receipts relating to non-U.S.
securities. The equity securities held by the Multi-Strat Funds may be acquired pursuant
to exchange trades, from dealers in over-the-counter transactions and pursuant to direct
transactions. Numerous inter-related and difficult-to-quantify economic factors, as well
as market sentiment, subjective and extraneous political, climate-related and other
factors, influence the cost of equities; there can be no assurance that Hudson Bay Capital
will be able to predict future price levels correctly.
Debt Securities
Debt securities in which the Multi-Strat Funds may invest may be subject to price
volatility due to various factors, including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates,
market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity.
Investments traded by the Multi-Strat Funds may pay fixed, variable or floating rates of
interest, may include interest-only, principal-only or residual obligations and may be
subordinated (and thus exposed to the first level of default risk) or otherwise subject to
substantial credit risks. In addition to the sensitivity of these instruments to overall
interest-rate movements, there exists a fundamental credit risk based on the issuer’s
ability to make principal and interest payments on the debt it issues.
In addition to “high investment grade” debt securities, the Multi-Strat Funds invest in “low
investment grade” or “non-investment grade” debt securities, which are typically subject
to greater market fluctuations and risks of loss both in respect of income and principal than
lower yielding, investment grade securities. The prices of the “low investment grade” or
“non-investment grade” debt securities acquired by the Multi-Strat Funds are often
influenced by many of the same unpredictable factors which affect equity prices.
Certain of Hudson Bay Capital’s strategies invest in hybrid debt arrangements, which are
subject to risks in addition to overall interest-rate movements and the issuers’ ability to
pay the debt in accordance with its terms. The Multi-Strat Funds may invest in synthetic
debt instruments, such as credit default swaps, which are often subject to more categories
of risk than conventional debt; for example, the credit risk of a swap counterparty as well
as the issuer of the underlying debt.
Investments in Loans
Although priority loans in which the Multi-Strat Funds will invest may hold the most
senior position in the capitalization structure of the borrower, a borrower’s inability to
meet its payment obligations under junior debt may detract from the borrower’s
perceived creditworthiness, reduce the value and liquidity of the loans made to the
borrower and impair the borrower’s ability to obtain financing to cover short-term cash
flow needs, which may force the borrower into bankruptcy or other forms of credit
restructuring.
Certain of the loans acquired by the Multi-Strat Funds will be issued by entities which
face ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial or economic
conditions and the issuer’s failure to make timely interest and principal payments. The
market values of certain of these debt investments may reflect individual corporate
developments, and it is likely that a major economic recession would have a materially
adverse impact on their value.
Sovereign Debt and Currencies
The Multi-Strat Funds may take long or short positions in sovereign debt and currencies
to profit from inefficient pricing anomalies, for hedging and for other speculative/profit
purposes. The strategies employed will include: (i) macroeconomic analysis, (ii) funding,
interest rate, fixed income, or currency market arbitrage or (iii) fixed income arbitrage,
rates or a similar strategy. The Multi-Strat Funds also invest in foreign exchange
contracts, futures and associated derivatives in an attempt to capture relative valuation of
different currencies, the interest rate or the cost of funding in different currencies or
benefit from the price movement of various currencies. These strategies are highly
complex and technical and frequently require substantial leverage. There can be no
assurance that Hudson Bay Capital can engage in these strategies profitably.
Convertible Securities
The Multi-Strat Funds invest in convertible securities that they may acquire in the open
market or directly from issuers, their affiliates and others. Convertible securities are
bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into
or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock of the same or different issuer
within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula.
The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by
its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and
quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and its “conversion value” (the security’s
worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment
value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment
value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The
credit standing of the issuer and other factors may also have an effect on the convertible
security’s investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined
by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low
relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed
principally by its investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying
common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible
security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security
generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors
place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed-
income security. Generally, the amount of the premium decreases as the convertible
security approaches maturity.
A contingent convertible security (known as “Co-Cos”) is a hybrid security that is only
convertible under certain conditions (for example, the right to convert can only be
exercised if the price of the underlying stock is a certain percentage over the conversion
price). A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at
a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible
security held by the Multi-Strat Fund is called for redemption, the Multi-Strat Fund will
be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying
common stock or sell it to a third party. Furthermore, an issuer could refuse to permit the
Multi-Strat Fund to convert the convertible security into the underlying common stock,
despite its obligation to do so. Any of these actions could have an adverse effect on the
Multi-Strat Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective
Direct Investments in Public Companies
The Multi-Strat Funds implement strategies in which they invest directly in the equity
securities of public companies, which securities may be illiquid and/or restricted (such as
PIPEs), as well as in convertible securities and warrants which may be restricted and/or
illiquid even if the underlying equity is freely tradeable. There is often no trading market
for these investments, and the Multi-Strat Funds may only be able to liquidate these
positions, if at all, at disadvantageous prices. The Multi-Strat Funds may be required to
hold such investments despite adverse price movements and may be restricted from
hedging its exposure to them and, even if the Multi-Strat Funds are not restricted from
hedging, the Multi-Strat Funds may choose not to hedge such exposure or such hedge
may not be effective. If a Multi-Strat Fund makes a short sale of an illiquid holding, the
Multi-Strat Fund may have difficulty in covering the short sale, resulting in a potentially
unlimited loss to the Multi-Strat Fund.
Unlike the purchase of freely tradeable common stock in the open market, the Multi-Strat
Funds’ unregistered (or restricted) securities of public companies (including instruments
that are convertible, exchangeable or exercisable into registered, freely tradeable
securities of public companies) generally involve contractual obligations by the issuer of
such securities requiring the issuer to take certain actions, including but not limited to
registering the securities, transferring securities upon resale or, in the case of convertible
securities, issuing the underlying securities upon exercise of convertible securities and
registering the underlying securities with the appropriate federal and state authorities for
resale. In order for the Multi-Strat Funds’ investment strategy to be effective, the issuer
of such securities must abide by its contractual obligations; otherwise, the Multi-Strat
Funds may lose all or a portion of their investment.
In connection with its sales of securities purchased pursuant to Regulation D or otherwise
exempt from registration, the Multi-Strat Funds could be deemed to be “statutory
underwriters” based on the method and timing of such sales. If a Multi-Strat Fund were
deemed to be a “statutory underwriter,” it could have an adverse effect on the
transaction(s) in respect of which such determination is made and, possibly, on the Multi-
Strat Fund’s ability to continue to effectively pursue this investment strategy.
The Multi-Strat Funds rely on certain exemptions from the SEC’s registration
requirements to sell its restricted securities, including Rule 144 of the U.S. Securities Act
of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Under Rule 144, before selling any restricted
securities, the Multi-Strat Funds may be obligated to hold them for at least six months
provided that the issuer is subject to, and has complied with, the reporting requirements
of the Securities Act. If the issuer is not subject to the reporting requirements of the
Securities Act, then the Multi-Strat Funds may be required to hold the restricted securities
for at least one year before they can be sold in the market. There may be circumstances
where restricted securities will never become freely tradeable (
i.e., if the issuer was a
“shell” company and is not complying with the reporting requirements). The law
regarding the resale of restricted securities can change, and in the past has changed. There
can be no assurance that future changes will not adversely affect the Multi-Strat Funds’
ability to resell their restricted securities.
The Multi-Strat Funds may purchase securities alongside other third party investors, and
may coordinate efforts with such third parties in negotiating the terms of such securities.
Although the Multi-Strat Funds will generally take actions designed to prevent them from
being deemed a member of a “group” with such other investors for purposes of Sections
13 and 16 of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”), and related provisions, there is no guarantee that a regulatory body will not deem
the parties negotiating such terms to constitute a “group.” In the event that the Multi-
Strat Funds’ conduct in these situations gives rise to such “group” status, they may be
deemed to beneficially own all equity securities of the issuer beneficially owned by the
other group members. Such beneficial ownership may, in turn, trigger certain regulatory
filings and may cause the Multi-Strat Funds to be deemed “affiliates” of the issuer
pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act, which, as described above, would subject the
Multi-Strat Funds to, among other things, certain limitations on the amount of securities
it can sell in such issuer’s securities. In situations where a Multi-Strat Fund does not
deem itself to be a member of a “group,” but a regulator takes a different view, it could
lead to regulatory action against the Multi-Strat Fund for violation of the applicable
provisions of the Exchange Act.
The Multi-Strat Funds’ investments in unregistered (or restricted) securities of public
companies (including instruments that are convertible or exercisable into unregistered (or
restricted) securities of public companies) may be difficult to value accurately. In light of
the foregoing, there is a risk that an investor who redeems all or part of its investment
while the Multi-Strat Funds hold such investments will be paid an amount less than it
would otherwise be paid if the actual value of such investments is higher than the value
designated by the Multi-Strat Funds. Conversely, there is a risk that an investor who
redeems all or part of its investment while the Multi-Strat Funds holds such investments
will be paid an amount more than it would otherwise be paid if the actual value of such
investments is lower than the value designated by the Multi-Strat Funds, to the detriment
of the other investors.
The securities laws and regulations governing investing in investments obtained directly
from public companies (such as PIPES) and hedging transactions related thereto are
complex and difficult to implement and monitor. In many cases, there is no clear
regulatory guidance on the interpretation and application of these laws and regulations.
While Hudson Bay Capital and the Multi-Strat Funds consult with competent counsel on
these issues, the nature of these laws and regulations are that they are subject to
interpretation and re-interpretation, as well as application in manners unanticipated or
expected, which could expose the Multi-Strat Funds, Hudson Bay Capital and their
respective affiliates to liability with respect to such transactions.
Derivative Securities
Derivative instruments, or “derivatives,” include instruments and contracts that are
derived from and are valued in relation to one or more underlying assets, benchmarks or
indices. A derivative is a product that allows an investor to hedge or speculate upon the
price movements of a particular asset, financial benchmark or index that could be a
fraction of the cost of acquiring, borrowing or selling short the underlying asset. The
value of a derivative is linked to the price movements in the underlying asset. Therefore,
many of the risks applicable to trading the underlying asset also may be applicable to
derivatives trading. However, there are a number of additional risks associated with
derivatives trading. Transactions in certain derivatives are subject to clearing through a
U.S. clearinghouse while other derivatives are subject to risks of trading in the over-the-
counter markets, and others are subject to non-U.S. regulatory regimes. Price movements
of futures and options contracts and payments pursuant to derivative agreements are
influenced by, among other things, the longevity of the contract, interest rates, changing
supply and demand relationships, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs
and policies of governments, and national and international political and economic events
and policies. The value of futures, options and derivative agreements also depends upon
the price of the assets that are underlying them. In addition, the Multi-Strat Funds’ assets
are also subject to the risk of the failure of any of the clearinghouses or counterparties.
Options
The Multi-Strat Funds may write (
i.e., sell) and purchase put and call options. Sales of
options where the Multi-Strat Funds does not own the underlying asset to which the
option is referenced can involve theoretically unlimited risk.
The seller (writer) of a call option which is covered (
e.g., the writer holds the underlying
security) may hedge its long position in the underlying security by earning premium upon
the sale of the option. In exchange for the premium, the seller assumes the risk of a
decline in the market price of the underlying security below the purchase price of the
underlying security (to the extent the decline exceeds the premium received), and gives
up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security above the exercise price of the
option. The seller of an uncovered call option assumes the risk of a theoretically
unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price
of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of an uncovered call option
may be unavailable for purchase, except at much higher prices, thereby reducing or
eliminating the value of the premium. Purchasing securities to cover the exercise of an
uncovered call option can cause the price of the securities to increase, thereby
exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire
premium investment in the call option.
The seller (writer) of a put option which is covered (
e.g., the writer has a short position in
the underlying security) may hedge its short position in the underlying security by
earning premium upon the sale of the option. In exchange for the premium, the seller
assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the
sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security (to the extent the
increase exceeds the premium received), and gives up the opportunity for gain on the
underlying security if the market price falls below the exercise price of the option. The
seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the
underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option
assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the put option.
Volatility is a principal component of options pricing. If the volatility in the market for
the asset underlying the options held or sold by the Multi-Strat Funds changes materially,
the Multi-Strat Funds directly could incur substantial losses even if the options in
question would have generated substantial profits if the current price levels had been in
effect at expiration.
Credit Default Swaps
The Multi-Strat Funds purchase and sell credit derivatives contracts (primarily credit
default swaps). Credit default swaps can be used to implement Hudson Bay Capital’s
view that a particular credit, or group of credits, will experience credit improvement or
deterioration. In the case of expected credit improvement, the Multi-Strat Funds may sell
credit default protection in which they receive a premium to take on the risk. In such an
instance, the obligation of the Multi-Strat Funds to make payments upon the occurrence
of a credit event creates leveraged exposure to the credit risk of the referenced entity.
The Multi-Strat Funds may also buy credit default protection with respect to a referenced
entity if, in the judgment of Hudson Bay Capital, there is a likelihood of credit
deterioration. In such instance, the Multi-Strat Funds will pay a premium regardless of
whether there is a credit event. As a buyer of credit default swaps, in circumstances in
which the Multi-Strat Funds do not own the debt securities that are deliverable under a
credit default swap, the Multi-Strat Funds are exposed to the risk that deliverable
securities will not be available in the market, or will be available only at unfavorable
prices, as would be the case in a so-called “short squeeze.” While the credit default swap
market auction protocols reduce this risk, it is still possible that an auction will not be
organized or will not be successful. In certain instances of issuer defaults or
restructurings, it has been unclear under the standard industry documentation for credit
default swaps whether or not a “credit event” triggering the seller’s payment obligation
had occurred. The creation of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association
Credit Derivatives Determination Committee (the “Determination Committee”) is
intended to reduce this uncertainty and create uniformity across the market, although it is
possible that the Determination Committee will not be able to reach a resolution or do so
on a timely basis. In either of these cases, the Multi-Strat Funds would not be able to
realize the full value of the credit default swap upon a default by the reference entity.
As a seller of credit default swaps, the Multi-Strat Funds incur leveraged exposure to the
credit of the reference entity and are subject to many of the same risks they would incur if
they were holding debt securities issued by the reference entit
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On September 16, 2013 Hudson Bay Capital entered into a settled administrative
proceeding with the SEC relating to alleged violations of Rule 105 of Regulation M
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 without admitting or denying the SEC’s
allegations (the “Settlement”). Rule 105 generally prohibits purchasing an equity
security from an underwriter, broker or dealer participating in a public offering if the
purchaser sold short the security that is the subject of the offering during a restricted
period (usually defined as five business days before the pricing of the offering), absent an
exception. Rule 105 applies irrespective of any intent to violate the Rule. Pursuant to the
Settlement, $665,674.96 in disgorgement, $11,661.31 in prejudgment interest and a civil
penalty of $272,118, was borne by Hudson Bay Capital, and not its Funds’ investors.
The Settlement also requires Hudson Bay Capital to cease and desist from committing or
causing any violations and any future violations of the Rule. Hudson Bay Capital
cooperated with the SEC at all times during its investigation and has implemented
procedures for ensuring compliance with the Rule, as well as an internal training program
to educate its employees further on its nuances. The SEC order notes that in determining
the size of the penalty portion, the SEC considered “remedial acts promptly undertaken”
and “cooperation afforded to Commission staff” by Hudson Bay Capital.
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Certain of Hudson Bay Capital’s officers, employees and/or their related persons invest
directly in certain of the Funds, are not charged a management fee and/or incentive
fee/allocation or may be subject to a reduced incentive fee/allocation.
As disclosed in the Funds’ PPMs, Hudson Bay Capital and/or its affiliates (including its
employees) are not restricted from forming additional investment funds, entering into
other investment advisory relationships, investing their personal funds, or engaging in
other business activities, even though such activities may substantially track, correlate to,
mimic, conflict with or compete with a given Fund or Funds and/or may involve
substantial time and resources of Hudson Bay Capital and/or its affiliates. These
activities could be viewed as creating a conflict of interest in that the time and effort of
Hudson Bay Capital and/or its affiliates would not be devoted exclusively to the business
of the Funds, but would be allocated between the business of the Funds and such other
business activities. Further, by reason of these activities, Hudson Bay Capital may not be
able, or may determine not, to initiate a transaction for the Funds that Hudson Bay
Capital may have otherwise initiated for the Funds or may reduce the capacity of the
Fund to make an investment.
Hudson Bay Capital does not believe that it and its employees/management persons have
any current relationships or arrangements with other financial services companies that are
material to its advisory business or to its Clients or that pose material conflicts of interest.
In order to prevent any potential conflicts from arising, Hudson Bay Capital generally
prohibits each of its employees and their related persons and entities from making or
maintaining personal investments in entities with which such employee routinely causes
the Clients to trade or co-invest (other than publicly-traded entities). In addition, with
certain limited exceptions relating primarily to volunteer activities, any Hudson Bay
Capital employee seeking to participate in any outside business activity must obtain the
approval of Hudson Bay Capital’s Chief Compliance Officer in order to participate in
such activity.
Hudson Bay Capital Associates LLC (as previously defined, the “General Partner”) is the
general partner of the Onshore Fund, the Capital Structure Feeder Fund and the MLP
Fund. Any persons acting on behalf of the General Partner are subject to the supervision
and control of Hudson Bay Capital in connection with any investment advisory activities.
In accordance with SEC guidance, the General Partner is registered as an investment
adviser in reliance on the Form ADV filed by Hudson Bay Capital.
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Personal Trading Code of Ethics
High ethical standards are essential for the success of Hudson Bay Capital and to
maintain the confidence of each Client. Hudson Bay Capital is of the view that its long-
term business interests are best served by adherence to the principle that Clients’ interests
come first. In recognition of Hudson Bay Capital’s fiduciary obligations to its Clients
and Hudson Bay Capital’s desire to maintain its high ethical standards, Hudson Bay
Capital has adopted a Code of Ethics containing provisions designed to: (i) prevent
improper personal trading by Hudson Bay Capital personnel; (ii) prevent improper use of
MNPI about securities recommendations made by Hudson Bay Capital or securities
holdings of Clients; (iii) identify conflicts of interest (including the establishment of
policies concerning outside business interests and gifts and entertainment); (iv) provide a
means to resolve any actual or potential conflict in favor of the Client; and (v) establish
policies with respect to political contributions and compliance with the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act. The Code of Ethics requires compliance with applicable federal and state
securities laws. The Code of Ethics will be provided to any Client or Fund investor or
potential Client or Fund investor upon request.
Personal Trading
Hudson Bay Capital’s Code of Ethics places restrictions on personal trades by employees
and principals, including that they disclose their personal securities holdings and
transactions to Hudson Bay Capital on a periodic basis, and requires that employees and
principals pre-clear certain types of personal securities transactions. However, these
restrictions are not absolute, certain restrictions can be waived and the personal trading
accounts of employees and principals may hold positions that are held by a Fund.
Similarly, the personal trading of the principals of Hudson Bay Capital and their affiliates
or trading done by a principal on behalf of others for whom he or she manages assets
could come into conflict with Hudson Bay Capital’s business. If such a conflict arises,
the principals are not required to subordinate the interests of any other parties (or their
own interests) to those of the pertinent Fund(s), but they will endeavor to resolve any
such conflicts in a manner that they believe is fair and reasonable. Hudson Bay Capital,
its affiliates and its employees may give advice or take action for their own accounts that
may differ from, conflict with or be adverse to advice given or action taken for a given
Fund. These activities may adversely affect the prices and availability of other securities
held by or potentially considered for purchase by the Fund.
Principal Transactions
Hudson Bay Capital will not, directly or indirectly, while acting as principal for its own
account, knowingly sell any security to, or purchase any security from, an Account
without disclosing to such Account in writing prior to the completion of such transaction,
the capacity in which Hudson Bay Capital is acting and obtaining the specific consent of
such Account. An investors’ representative (the “Investor Representative”) has been
retained for the Multi-Strat Funds and the Capital Structure Fund for purposes of
considering whether to grant, and granting or withholding, Client consent to certain
transactions that may give rise to conflicts of interest. Hudson Bay Capital may satisfy
the consent requirement by providing notice to, and receiving the consent of, the Investor
Representative and/or the independent directors of such Account.
Cross Trades
Hudson Bay Capital may determine that it would be in the best interests of multiple
Accounts to transfer a security from one Account to another (each such transfer, a “Cross
Trade”) for a variety of reasons, including, without limitation, tax purposes, liquidity
purposes, to rebalance the portfolios of the Accounts, or to reduce transaction costs that
may arise in an open market transaction. If Hudson Bay Capital decides to engage in a
Cross Trade, it will determine that it believes that the trade is in the best interests of both
of the Accounts involved and take what it believes to be reasonable steps to ensure that the
transaction is consistent with the duty to obtain best execution for each of those Accounts.
In the event that Hudson Bay Capital determines that it believes that a Cross Trade is in
the best interests of both of the Accounts involved and permitted under the governing
documents, it may affect the Cross Trade subject to the following guidelines: (i) such
transaction must be affected for cash consideration at the current market price of the
particular securities, and (ii) no brokerage commissions or transfer fees are to be paid to
Hudson Bay Capital in connection with any such transaction. In the event that there is no
readily available market price for the securities involved in the trade, the securities are to
be valued by an independent third party.
In the case of a Cross Trade, Hudson Bay Capital will have one of its brokers effect the
transaction within the context of the market at a time that is fair to both Accounts involved
in the transaction. The broker’s commission will be borne equally by both Accounts.
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Hudson Bay Capital has complete authority over the selection of the brokerage firms
used to execute and clear portfolio transactions on behalf of Clients and custody assets of
Clients.
Best Execution
Transactions for Clients will be allocated to broker-dealers for execution taking into
consideration factors such as price; transaction costs; ability to effect the transactions; a
broker-dealer’s facilities, reliability and financial responsibility; commitment of capital;
access to company management; quality of research; effectiveness of sales coverage;
access to deal flow; the provision or payment by the broker-dealer of the costs of
research; and other factors that are deemed appropriate to consider under the
circumstances. In selecting broker-dealers, Hudson Bay Capital need not solicit
competitive bids and has no obligation to seek the lowest available commission cost.
Hudson Bay Capital does not always negotiate “execution only” commission rates and
may, in its sole discretion, determine that the amount of commissions charged by a
broker-dealer which is greater than the amount another broker-dealer might charge is
reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and products or services provided by
such broker-dealer. Accordingly, the commissions and other transaction costs (which
may include dealer markups or markdowns) charged to Clients by broker-dealers in the
foregoing circumstances may be higher than those charged by other broker-dealers that
may not offer such products or services. Subject to the considerations described above,
the selection of a broker-dealer (including a prime broker) to execute transactions,
provide financing and securities on loan, hold cash and short balances and provide other
services may be influenced by, among other things, the provision by the broker-dealer of
the following: capital introduction, marketing assistance, and consulting with respect to
technology, operations, equipment and office space. Hudson Bay Capital may have an
incentive to select a broker-dealer based on its interest in receiving these services rather
than on Clients’ interest in achieving most favorable execution. However, as noted
above, Hudson Bay Capital selects broker-dealers according to its fiduciary duty to seek
best execution, taking into account all applicable considerations.
If Hudson Bay Capital decides, based on the factors set forth above, to execute over-the-
counter transactions on an agency basis through Electronic Communications Networks
(“ECNs”), it will also consider the following factors when choosing to use one ECN over
another: the ease of use; the flexibility of the ECN compared to other ECNs; and the level
of care and attention that will be given to smaller orders.
Soft Dollar Benefits
From time to time, Hudson Bay Capital may pay a broker-dealer commissions (or
markups or markdowns with respect to certain types of riskless principal transactions) for
effecting transactions in excess of that which another broker-dealer might have charged
for effecting the transaction in recognition of the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by the broker-dealer. In certain cases, such arrangements, although all
related to Hudson Bay Capital’s administration and investment management of the
Funds, may fall outside of the safe harbor for fiduciaries’ use of “soft Dollar” services
established by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;
provided, in each case, that Hudson Bay Capital believes these arrangements are
equitable and consistent with the objectives of the Funds. As of the date of this Brochure,
there are no arrangements whereby Hudson Bay Capital has committed any Fund to pay a
certain level of commissions (or markups or markdowns) in exchange for any “soft
Dollar” or other services from any broker-dealer.
In addition, the Third-Party Ventures in which the Multi-Strat Funds may participate may
make use of “soft Dollar” services, and any additional transaction expenses incurred in
order to obtain such services – unlike in the case of any “soft Dollar” services obtained
by Hudson Bay Capital – would generally constitute incremental expenses to the Multi-
Strat Funds. Such “soft Dollar” services may also fall outside of the “safe harbor”
provisions of Section 28(e). Each Multi-Strat investor, as a condition of investing in a
Multi-Strat Fund, consents to such “soft Dollar” arrangements and, if applicable, to
Hudson Bay Capital consenting to such arrangements on behalf of the Multi-Strat Fund.
Also, consistent with Section 28(e), research products or services obtained with “soft
Dollars” generated by a Fund may be used by Hudson Bay Capital to service one or more
Other Accounts, including Accounts that may not have paid for the soft Dollar benefits.
Hudson Bay Capital will not seek to allocate soft Dollar benefits to Accounts in
proportion to the soft Dollar credits the Accounts generate. Where a product or service
obtained with soft Dollars provides both research and non-research assistance to Hudson
Bay Capital (
i.e., a “mixed use” item), Hudson Bay Capital will make a good faith
allocation of the cost that may be paid for with soft Dollars. In making good faith
allocations of costs between administrative benefits and research and brokerage services,
a conflict of interest may exist by reason of Hudson Bay Capital’s allocation of the costs
of such benefits and services between those that primarily benefit Hudson Bay Capital
and those that primarily benefit the Accounts.
When Hudson Bay Capital uses brokerage commissions (or markups or markdowns)
generated by any Accounts to obtain research or other products or services, Hudson Bay
Capital receives a benefit because it does not have to produce or pay for such products or
services. Hudson Bay Capital may have an incentive to select or recommend a broker-
dealer based on Hudson Bay Capital’s interest in receiving research or other products or
services, rather than on an Account’s interest in receiving most favorable execution.
At least annually, Hudson Bay Capital considers the amount and nature of research and
research services provided by broker-dealers, as well as the extent to which such services
are relied upon, and attempts to allocate a portion of the brokerage business of its
Accounts on the basis of that consideration. Broker-dealers sometimes suggest a level of
business they would like to receive in return for the various products and services they
provide. Actual brokerage business received by any broker-dealer may be less than the
suggested allocation, but can (and often does) exceed the suggested level, because total
brokerage is allocated on the basis of all of the considerations described above. In no case
will Hudson Bay Capital make binding commitments as to the level of brokerage
commissions it will allocate to a broker-dealer, nor will it commit to pay cash if any
informal targets are not met. A broker-dealer is not excluded from receiving business
because it has not been identified as providing research products or services.
Allocation of Investment Opportunities and Orders
Hudson Bay Capital recognizes its duty to treat each Fund and the Other Accounts (each,
an “Account”) in a manner it believes to be fair and equitable.
Consistent with such overriding principle, Hudson Bay Capital has adopted policies and
procedures regarding the aggregation and allocation of investment opportunities. Hudson
Bay Capital has designated an Allocation Committee (the “Allocation Committee”) to
oversee the allocation of investments among Accounts in accordance with such policy.
Hudson Bay Capital currently advises Accounts that have overlapping strategies and may
manage Other Accounts in the future the strategies of which overlap with one another. To
the extent that a particular investment opportunity is allocable to more than one Account
and there is an insufficient amount of the particular opportunity to satisfy the needs of the
each Account, Hudson Bay Capital’s general policy is to allocate that investment
opportunity between the Accounts on a
pro rata basis relative to, depending on each
Account, their targeted long market value, as determined by the Allocation Committee, for
the category of investments into which the investment opportunity falls, their relative Net
Asset Values or such other method as Hudson Bay Capital deems to be fair and reasonable
over time. The Allocation Committee may determine, from time to time, to modify the
methodology by which investments will be allocated among Accounts on a prospective
basis.
However, Hudson Bay Capital is not required to provide every opportunity to each of the
Accounts, and Hudson Bay Capital may, in good faith, determine that certain investments
should not be allocated to the each of the Accounts that have overlapping strategies.
Situations for which exceptions to the general
pro rata rule set forth above may be
appropriate, include: (a) an Account already having sufficient exposure to the securities,
issuer or market in question; (b) the different liquidity positions and requirements of the
participating Accounts; (c) tax considerations; (d) regulatory considerations; (e) the
relative capitalization and cash availability of the participating Accounts; (f) the relative
risk and value-at-risk profiles of the participating Accounts; (g) portfolio concentration
considerations; (h) informal diversification requirements; (i) borrowing base
considerations; (j) different historical and anticipated subscription and redemption
patterns; (k) minimum investment criteria; (l) differences in availability/cost of funding;
and/or (m) investment time horizon. The foregoing list is not intended to be exclusive, and
investments may be allocated on a non-pro rata basis on the basis of other considerations
that a portfolio manager, in consultation with the Allocation Committee, may determine
from time to time.
When Other Accounts that have overlapping strategies with an existing Account ramp up
their investment and trading strategies, the existing account may receive reduced or no
allocations of certain securities.
Order Aggregation and Average Pricing
When Hudson Bay Capital determines that more than one Account should participate in
an investment, Hudson Bay Capital will seek to execute orders for all of the participating
Accounts on what it believes to be on an equitable basis, taking into account such factors
as legal or tax considerations, the relative amounts of capital available for new
investments, relative exposure to the markets, liquidity and the investment programs and
portfolio positions of each of the Accounts. Orders may be combined for all such
Accounts, and if an order is not filled at the same price, it may be allocated on an average
price basis. Similarly, if an order on behalf of more than one Account cannot be fully
executed under prevailing market conditions, the securities that are actually acquired may
be allocated among the different Accounts on any basis which Hudson Bay Capital
considers equitable. As a result of the foregoing considerations, Hudson Bay Capital
may an Account to participate in an investment and another Account not to do so,
notwithstanding that such Account could, under its investment mandate, make the same
investment and
vice versa. For similar reasons, the Accounts may participate in certain
investments in a different manner from one another. For example, one Account may
participate in an investment opportunity through the purchase of an equity interest while
another participates through an extension of credit.
Trade Errors
Trade Errors, which may result in losses or gains, may occur. A “Trade Error” means the
execution of a transaction for an Account on terms other than as intended, including: (i) the
purchase or sale of a security other than the security identified in an order (or other trade
instruction); (ii) the placement of an order (either a purchase or a sale) for a quantity of
securities that differs from the quantity identified in such order (or other trade instruction);
(iii) the sale of a security when a purchase was instructed; (iv) the purchase of a security
when a sale was instructed; (v) keystroke errors that occur when entering trades into an
electronic trading system; (vi) typographical, drafting, or similar errors made when placing
or confirming orders; and (vii) the purchase or sale of a security for the wrong account and
the discovery of this post-settlement of such trade.
Pursuant to the exculpation and indemnification provided by the Funds to Hudson Bay
Capital, Hudson Bay Capital will generally not be liable to the Funds for any of its acts or
omissions, absent bad faith, gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud, and the Funds
will generally be required to indemnify Hudson Bay Capital against any losses it may
incur by reason of any act or omission related to the Funds absent bad faith, gross
negligence, willful misconduct or fraud. As a result of these provisions, the Funds (and
not Hudson Bay Capital) will benefit from any gains resulting from Trade Errors and will
be responsible for any losses (including additional trading costs) resulting from Trade
Errors, absent bad faith, gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud of the relevant
person. Hudson Bay Capital will reimburse the Funds for losses (which, for the
avoidance of doubt, do not include profits) for which Hudson Bay Capital.
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Review of Accounts
Hudson Bay Capital will review, as pertinent, each Client’s portfolio holdings to
determine that the investments held by each Client remain consistent with the pertinent
offering documents and will generally review each Client’s performance on an ongoing
basis.
Reports to Clients
Multi-Strat, Capital Structure and MLP Fund investors receive unaudited performance
information at least quarterly and audited financial statements on an annual basis. A
Fund may offer certain investors additional information and reporting that other investors
may not receive, and such information may affect an investor’s decision to request a
withdrawal from its capital account. (See Side Letters, Item 4, above.)
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Hudson Bay Capital does not currently have any arrangements with third parties whereby
such third parties are compensated for client referrals.
In the event Hudson Bay Capital enters into compensation arrangements with third party
solicitors for new advisory business, any such solicitation arrangements will comply with
Rule 206(4)-3 under the Advisers Act.
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Fund assets covered by Rule 206(4)-2 of the Advisers Act are held in custody by
unaffiliated qualified custodians. However, Hudson Bay Capital is deemed to have
custody of the assets contained in the Fund portfolios, since a Hudson Bay Capital
affiliate serves as general partner or managing member for certain of the Funds, or
because Hudson Bay Capital has the ability to withdraw advisory fees directly from
certain Fund accounts and/or to obtain possession of other Fund assets. Accordingly,
Hudson Bay Capital is subject to the relevant provisions of Rule 206(4)-2 of the Advisers
Act. Multi-Strat, Capital Structure and MLP Fund investors do not receive account
statements from the custodian; rather, these Funds are subject to an annual audit and the
audited financial statements are distributed to each of these Fund investors, pursuant to
Rule 206(4)-2(b)(4).
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Hudson Bay Capital provides discretionary investment advisory services to the Funds.
Hudson Bay Capital may make investment decisions, without consultation with the Funds
or the Fund investors regarding which securities are bought and sold for the Client
account, the total amount of the securities to be bought and sold, the broker-dealers with
which orders are placed for execution and the commission rates at which securities
transactions are effected. Such discretionary authority is granted to Hudson Bay Capital
in the applicable limited partnership agreement or investment management agreement.
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Hudson Bay Capital has voting authority and responsibility with respect to securities held
by the Funds and may in the future have voting authority with respect to securities held
by other clients. Hudson Bay Capital’s proxy voting policy is overseen and implemented
by a Proxy Voting Committee, consisting of the Chief Compliance Officer and the Chief
Operating Officer and such other persons as may be appointed from time to time. In
voting proxies relating to securities held by its Clients (each, a “Client Proxy”), Hudson
Bay Capital is guided by general fiduciary principles and votes in the manner it believes
is consistent with efforts to achieve a Client’s stated investment objectives. Hudson Bay
Capital has appointed an unaffiliated third party proxy voting service, Institutional
Shareholder Services (“ISS”), to assist with the management of proxy voting. Hudson
Bay Capital retains the discretion to take no action with respect to a proposed vote if it
determines that doing so is in the best interests of a Client (for example, where Hudson
Bay Capital determines that the cost of voting exceeds the expected benefit to the Client).
Hudson Bay Capital has determined that in a large majority of voting situations, given the
time and effort necessary in order to vote a Client Proxy, it is in its Clients’ best interests
for Hudson Bay Capital to rely on the analyses and vote recommendations provided by
ISS (each, an “ISS Recommendation”). In those situations, Hudson Bay Capital need not
take any further action, and ISS will vote the Client Proxy on Hudson Bay Capital’s
behalf in accordance with the ISS Recommendations.
5
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Hudson Bay Capital always maintains ultimate voting
discretion and may disregard an ISS Recommendation at any time. In particular, in
situations where Hudson Bay Capital determines that it is in a Client’s best interest to
vote a Client Proxy in a particular way (the “HBC Proxy Voting Decision”), Hudson Bay
Capital will review the ISS Recommendation relating to such Client Proxy, and where the
ISS Recommendation differs from the HBC Proxy Voting Decision (or where there is no
ISS Recommendation with respect to such Client Proxy), Hudson Bay Capital will
specifically instruct ISS to vote the Client Proxy in accordance with the HBC Proxy
Voting Decision, in accordance with certain internal procedures applicable to the Proxy
Voting Committee.
Included in these procedures are steps Hudson Bay Capital takes that are designed to
identify conflicts or potential conflicts that could arise between its own interests and
those of its Clients. If it is determined that any such conflict or potential conflict is not
5 The ISS Proxy Voting Summary Guidelines can be accessed at http://www.issgovernance.com/policy-
gateway/voting-policies.
material, Hudson Bay Capital may vote Client Proxies notwithstanding the existence of
the conflict. If it is determined, however, that a conflict of interest is material, Hudson
Bay Capital may use one or more methods to resolve the conflict, including directing ISS
to recommend a vote with respect to the Client Proxy, disclosing the conflict to the Client
and obtaining its consent before voting or such other method as is deemed appropriate
under the circumstances.
Since a Client’s best interests must, by necessity, be determined on a case-by-case basis,
there are no “hard and fast” guidelines that can be applied to Hudson Bay Capital’s
determination of how to vote Client Proxies to cover all situations. Among the factors
Hudson Bay Capital may consider in reaching a HBC Proxy Voting Decision are how a
particular Client Proxy vote would affect: (i) fulfillment of an investment thesis
concerning a particular strategy (
i.e., consummation of a merger or other corporate
event); (ii) Client portfolio positions in other parts of the issuer’s capital structure; (iii)
other contractual rights held by the Client in connection with the securities at issues; (iv)
the Client’s relationship with the issuer; (v) tax and/or regulatory issues relating to the
securities or issuer at issue; and (vi) other facts as circumstances the Proxy Voting
Committee identifies depending on the particularities of the situation at hand.
Clients and Fund investors may request a copy of Hudson Bay Capital’s proxy voting
policy, as well as applicable proxy voting records, by contacting the Chief Compliance
Officer at Hudson Bay Capital.
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Hudson Bay Capital is not aware of any financial condition reasonably likely to impair its
ability to meet contractual commitments to its Clients, and Hudson Bay Capital has not
been the subject of a bankruptcy petition.
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Open Brochure from SEC website