Ownership and Structure
CIFC and its affiliated investment advisers, CIFC Investment Management LLC (formerly known
as Deerfield Capital Management LLC) (“CIM”), CLO Manager VS and CypressTree are indirect
wholly-owned subsidiaries of CIFC LLC. CLO Manager, CLO Manager II, CLO Manager VS and
CypressTree are registered with the SEC as “relying advisers” on CIFC’s Form ADV and therefore
this Brochure shall also serve as the Brochure for the relying advisers. CIM is separately registered
with the SEC as an investment adviser. You can obtain a copy of CIM’s Brochure by contacting
the CCO at 212-624-1200. This Brochure refers to the six advisers collectively as the “Advisers.”
CIFC LLC was formerly publicly listed on the NASDAQ stock market under the “CIFC” symbol.
On November 21, 2016 (the “Effective Date”), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger
dated August 19, 2016, among CIFC LLC, Centricus Holdings I LP (formerly known as F.A.B.
Holdings I LP) (“Parent”) and CIFC Acquisition, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent
(“Merger Sub”) and in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, Merger Sub was merged
with and into CIFC LLC (the “Merger”), with CIFC LLC surviving the Merger as a wholly owned
subsidiary of Parent.
Stephen Vaccaro is CIFC’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer.
The Advisers’ employees are involved in the portfolio management and related servicing of all
or most of the Advisers’ clients and the Advisers share all investment management functions,
including a single Investment Research team, a single Portfolio Management team and a single
Trading team (see Item 13) and a joint Code of Ethics (see Item 11). The Advisers will provide
each client with the applicable Brochure Supplements containing the names and experience for
the principal members of the Investment Research team and Portfolio Management team.
General description of advisory business
The Advisers are predominantly in the U.S. corporate and structured credit asset management
business. The Advisers employ an investment approach that includes a disciplined assessment of
fundamental credit, appropriateness of capital structure, collateral protection and loan agreement
terms. In addition, the Advisers utilize internally-developed risk ratings based on individual
obligor assessment without undue reliance on credit rating agencies, diversified investment
portfolios by avoiding concentration imbalances, on-going active portfolio management and
utilization of industry best practices and proprietary tools. As part of ongoing portfolio
management, the Advisers continuously re-assess and adjust the investments held by each client
by identifying relative value differentials, market inefficiencies and technical imbalances.
The substantial majority of the Advisers’ clients are pooled investment vehicles that are
collateralized loan obligation funds (“CLOs”) where the fund invests principally in senior secured
corporate loans (“SSCLs”). In addition, the Advisers manage certain open and closed-end funds
and accounts that invest in corporate loans, high-yield bonds, CLO warehouses, CLO bonds and
CLO equity. Finally, CIM manages a pooled investment vehicle that invests in corporate bonds
and asset-backed securities that is a collateralized debt obligation vehicle (“CDO”) and provides
investment advisory services as a sub-adviser to two investment companies registered under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“Investment Companies”). Certain of the
Advisers also manage other private investment funds and managed accounts. CIFC has been in the
advisory business since 2005 and CIM since 1993.
In addition, to comply with Risk Retention Requirements1, CLO Manager and CLO Manager
II were formed and became relying advisers of CIFC in March 2017 and July 2017, respectively.
CLO Manager and CLO Manager II’s primary business consists of (i) acting as collateral
manager of CLO transactions and related warehouse facilities; (ii) engaging in related loan
origination and/or trading activities including, but not limited to, originating loans for its own
account as an “originator” for the purposes of the European Retention Requirements; (iii) acting
as the holder of CLO securities for the purpose of complying with (a) the U.S. Retention
Requirements1 (“U.S. Retention Interests”) and (b) the European Retention Requirements
(“E.U. Retention Interests”, and collectively with the U.S. Retention Interests, the
“Retention Interests”); and (iv) providing first-loss equity in connection with warehouse
facilities entered into by the Advisers. CLO Manager VS was formed and became a relying adviser
of CIFC in August 2017; it is the collateral manager of certain CLOs that were reset, reissued, or
refinanced and issued vertical strips to satisfy U.S Retention Requirements.
On February 9, 2018, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals made a unanimous decision to vacate
“skin in the game” rules for U.S. CLO managers. As the government did not appeal this decision,
CLO managers were able to issue open-market CLOs without holding retention interests as of
April 5, 2018 (the “Reversal”). The reversal of the U.S Retention Requirements had the following
impact on the business:
No impact on CLO Manager as its clients exited their reinvestment periods prior to the
Reversal
No impact on CLO Manager II as it is still making deals compliant with European
Retention Requirements
No impact on CLO Manager VS as it will continue to manage the CLOs it currently
manages
It’s much easier for CIFC Asset Management LLC to refinance and reset existing CLO
issues
Principal owners
CIFC, CLO Manager VS and CypressTree are owned 100% by CIFC Asset Management
Holdings LLC, which is indirectly owned 100% by CIFC LLC. CLO Manager and CLO Manager
II are each indirectly held by CIFC Strategic Partners LP (“Strategic Partners”) and CIFC
Strategic Partners II LP (“Strategic Partners II”), respectively (together, the “Risk Retention
Funds”). The Risk Retention Funds hold CIFC and third-party capital.
1The applicable European risk retention requirements include those promulgated under: (a) Part Five of EU
Regulation No. 575/2013 together with any regulatory and/or implementing technical standards and guidance
relating thereto as amended, replaced or supplemented from time to time (“CRR Retention Requirements”);
(b) EU Directive 2011/61/EU (“AIFMD Retention Requirements”); and (c) Commission Delegated Regulation
(EU) 2015/35 (“Solvency II Retention Requirements” and, together with the CRR Retention Requirements and the
AIFMD Retention Requirements and other applicable European risk retention rules, the “European Retention
Requirements”). The U.S. risk retention rules are those promulgated under Section 941 of the Dodd-Frank Wall
Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “U.S. Retention Requirements” and together with the European
Retention Requirements, the “Risk Retention Requirements”).
On the Effective Date, CIFC LLC was acquired by Centricus Holdings I LP (formerly known as
F.A.B. Holdings I LP) (“Centricus Holdings”), which is owned by Centricus Financial
Investments LP (formerly known as F.A.B. Financial Investments LP) (“Centricus Financial”)
and certain members of CIFC management. Centricus Financial is majority-owned by Supreme
Universal Holdings Ltd. and Hamad Bin Khalifa Al-Thani is the sole member thereof. The
general partner of both Centricus Holdings and Centricus Financial is Centricus Financial
Investments GP Limited.
Type of advisory services that are offered
The Advisers are in the corporate and structured credit asset management business combining
credit practices of banks and asset managers. They serve as the investment manager primarily
for (i) various CLOs and other investment funds, including private investment funds, and, in the
case of CIM, a CDO (collectively, “funds”); and (ii) other loan-based and structured credit-
based products and accounts (collectively, “other accounts”). Additionally, CIFC provides
sub-advisory services to other investment advisers (together with the funds and other accounts,
the “client accounts”), and accordingly provides investment supervisory services to each client
account. The Advisers invest the client accounts’ assets primarily in (a) SSCLs and equivalent
exposures in the primary and secondary markets, (b) CLO warehouses, CLO bonds and CLO
equity and (c) high-yield bonds.
The Advisers currently have discretionary trading authority over the client accounts they manage,
except for certain of the client accounts for which they provide only limited services.
How advisory services are tailored to clients’ needs
The Advisers tailor their advisory services to the individual needs of their client accounts.
Generally, at the time a client account is structured and opened, there is discussion between the
Adviser and the client account, and those that invest in the client account, regarding the investment
strategy and risk, investment restrictions and investment structure and on other aspects of the
Advisers’ management of the client account’s portfolios.
Amount of client assets under management (“AUM”)
As of December 31, 2018: (a) CIFC, CLO Manager, CLO Manager II, CLO Manager VS and
CypressTree together managed $20,601,986,961 of client assets on a discretionary basis2 and
(b) CIM managed $119,256,135 of client assets on a discretionary basis. Total AUM of the
Advisers was $20,721,243,096 at December 31, 2018.
Other
In addition to the services described above, CIFC provides limited administrative services with
respect to two accounts. Services provided include, but are not limited to, tracking and reporting
of purchase and sale transactions, and interest and fee payments due and received. Additionally,
on a monthly basis, CIFC provides portfolio performance information and loan market
commentary.
2 AUM of CIFC, CLO Manager, CLO Manager II, CLO Manager VS and CypressTree are combined because CLO
Manager, CLO Manager II, CLO Manager VS and CypressTree are registered with the SEC as “relying advisers” on
CIFC’s Form ADV.
The Advisers do not currently engage in business activities other than investment management and
other ancillary activities related thereto. The Advisers do not currently provide financial planning
or similar services nor participate in wrap fee programs.
CIFC LLC’s website, www.CIFC.com, contains additional information about the Advisers that
may be useful to you.
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The Advisers’ fees are negotiable and typically include, in the case of CLOs, a senior
management fee, a subordinated management fee and incentive management fees and in the case
of non-CLO client accounts, management fees and/or incentive fees. Fees are not required to be
paid in advance and the Advisers do not have a set fee schedule. Specific fee rates and the
methodology for calculating fees are agreed to at the time a particular client account is
established, are described in each client account’s investment advisory agreement, and remain
for the life of the client account. The fees are typically determined and paid quarterly (other than
incentive management fees, which are paid only following satisfaction of certain investment
performance criteria), and generally calculated as a percentage of AUM or the net asset value for
the particular client account. However, once a client account is established, fees for the life of
such client account are not negotiable, but an Adviser may in its discretion waive or reduce all or
part of its fees. The Advisers may also waive or reduce all or part of their fees for employees of
the Advisers.
The Advisers’ fees are described in each client account’s offering document (if applicable) and
other constituent documents of such client account, which are finalized when the client account
is established. Fees are determined periodically (typically quarterly in arrears) by the client
account’s administrator and/or custodian, with the exception of some client accounts that require
the Advisers to calculate the fees (based on the specific fee rates and methodology in each client
account’s constituent documents), and paid by the administrator and/or custodian or the Adviser
(if no administrator or custodian) on behalf of the client account to the Adviser. Fees are
deducted from client assets by the administrator, custodian and/or Adviser ((if no administrator
or custodian).
In accordance with the negotiated terms of the Advisers’ investment advisory agreements with
clients, the applicable client accounts generally reimburse the Advisers from time to time for
certain out-of-pocket expenses related to the services provided by the Advisers and third parties
to the relevant client account. Among other things, clients may reimburse the Advisers for fees
and expenses relating to operations including legal, government fees, registered office fees,
accounting bookkeeping, auditing, banking, brokerage, finders, administrator, consultant, rating
agency, asset assignment and settlement, tax preparation and filing, independent appraiser or
other professional expenses, expenses relating to compliance-related matters and regulatory
filings (including, without limitation, regulatory filings, reporting and ongoing compliance
requirements of a client and its affiliates relating to a client and its activities, if applicable),
custodial or depositary fees, bank service fees, trade execution and settlement fees, brokerage
commissions, filing and registration fees, reporting expenses, research expenses, investment
pricing and valuation services (e.g., Bloomberg and Markit), investment administrative
systems, software license and information technology expenses related to the making, holding,
monitoring and disposing of investments, including licensing and maintenance fees, payments
made to consultants and costs and expenses for research-related market data, portfolio
management services, charges, duties, fees and any other costs (including broken-deal costs),
incurred in acquiring, holding, selling or otherwise managing or disposing or hedging against any
changes in the value of a client’s assets or investment opportunities, income withholding or
transfer taxes, litigation and other extraordinary expenses, and any other out-of-pocket, third-party
expenses that the Advisers determine to be allocable to a client, if any. A service provider may
be affiliated with the Advisers, in which case the Advisers use commercially reasonable efforts
to ensure that the services are on terms that are no less favorable than would apply in an arms-
length transaction. Expenses are allocated among client accounts quarterly, typically based on
each client account’s AUM for the previous quarter. Such allocations may not necessarily be on
a pro rata basis and a client may bear more than its pro rata share of expenses. Expenses payable
by a client may be more or less than the allocation of expenses by other comparable investment
advisers.
The Advisers’ clients generally pay other fees and expenses in connection with the Advisers’
advisory services relating to the establishment or ongoing operation of the relevant client account.
The types of such fees and expenses depend on the nature of the client account and the written
agreement with the client. The additional fees and expenses may include those of a trustee,
custodian, collateral administrator, administrator, accountants, lawyers, registered agent, rating
agencies and regulators. If the client account is an investment fund, the additional fees may
include certain of the above fees and also franchise taxes, ongoing entity maintenance fees
payable in jurisdictions where the applicable fund is organized and/or doing business, securities
brokerage commissions and fees of independent directors/managers, auditors and consultants.
Clients will also in effect bear the costs of bid/ask spreads or other markup typically charged by
loan and securities dealers on transactions.
If an Adviser charges your account a performance incentive fee, it may have an incentive to trade
the account more aggressively and/or take more risk in relation to the account assets than in the
absence of a performance incentive fee.
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In addition to management fees, the Advisers’ fees may include performance incentive fees.
Performance incentive fees are measured and paid periodically, and are determined typically
based on: (a) an additional percentage of AUM after the client account reaches a performance
hurdle, and/or (b) a specified percentage of remaining investment proceeds above a separate
performance hurdle. Typically, the performance hurdles for these calculations are determined
based on proceeds from the fund investments resulting in the fund investors (or, in the case of
CLO clients, residual interest tranche investors (i.e., the “equity” investors in the fund)) receiving
a cash-on-cash return or an internal rate of return (“IRR”) above specified percentages on their
net invested capital.
When the Advisers manage client accounts with similar strategies (which thus might “compete”
with each other for investment opportunities or otherwise), those client accounts may be charged
different types and/or levels of fees. For example, some of the client accounts may be charged
only a management fee and others also a performance incentive fee. A portfolio manager for
certain client accounts with similar strategies has and may receive performance-based
compensation from the Advisers with respect to some of the client accounts but not others.
The Advisers may have an incentive to favor the client account that is also charged a
performance incentive fee (or the portfolio managers for the client accounts may have an incentive
with respect to the client accounts for which they receive performance-based compensation
from us). The Advisers have addressed this potential conflict mainly by following their policies
regarding equitable allocation of investment opportunities and transaction executions among
similar-strategy client accounts.
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The Advisers primarily provide investment management services to pooled investment vehicles
that are CLOs and to private funds and investors that invest in corporate and structured credit.
CIFC also provides investment advice to other types of investors, generally through separately
managed accounts or non-CLO private investment funds, and CIM provides investment
management services to a CDO and Investment Companies (pursuant to a sub-advisory
arrangement with the Investment Companies’ investment advisers).
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Methods of the Advisers’ investment analysis
The Advisers are U.S. CLO, corporate and structured credit managers that strive to provide best-
in-class processes and controls and transparency to investors by combining best credit practices
of banks and asset managers. The Advisers employ an underwriting process focused on the
fundamental value of investment opportunities, typically strive to maintain diversified portfolios
(depending on a client account’s particular investment objectives) and re-assess and rebalance
portfolios through relative value analysis and trading.
With respect to loan-based funds and accounts, while client account investment objectives differ,
typically the Advisers focus on loan repayment by borrowers, in contrast to dependency on
investment sales as a primary risk management tool, as well as disciplined portfolio
diversification and overlays of relative value and portfolio rebalancing to enhance the risk profile
of a particular client account. To those ends, the Advisers typically seek loans with robust
recovery values. Rather than relying on the views of rating agencies or implied signals from
market prices, the Advisers’ credit analysis focuses on industry, the relevant borrower’s
business, management capabilities, debt service capacity, legal structure, collateral value and use
of proceeds.
With respect to client accounts that invest in CLO securities, while client account investment
objectives differ, typically the Advisers focus on a fundamental credit analysis of the underlying
portfolios, overlaying relative value, manager liquidity, diversification and portfolio rebalancing
to enhance the risk profile of a particular client account. Rather than relying on the views of
rating agencies or implied signals from market prices, the Advisers use their knowledge of the
underlying collateral portfolios and CLO structures to select CLO investments with solid credit
attributes.
The Advisers’ fundamentals-based investing strategy incorporates an overlay of relative value
trading and portfolio rebalancing to reassess investments in client accounts. In so doing, the
Advisers seek to identify relative value differentials, market inefficiencies and technical
imbalances in order to arbitrage differences between expected recovery rates and market prices,
to build loss reserves, and to take defensive or other actions.
The Advisers typically sell loans and/or CLO securities when more attractive investments can be
purchased at comparable price points to optimize portfolio composition and target performance.
In addition, the Advisers have dedicated “Special Situations” investment professionals who
manage any loan workouts and defaults. Within their diligent, detail-oriented management
process, the Advisers also prioritize concentration and correlation avoidance and re-assess
investments relative to the target investment criteria of each client account.
The Advisers invest predominantly in SSCLs. The client accounts they currently manage are
primarily CLOs, as well as private investment funds and other loan-based client accounts, that
invest in SSCLs, with limited investments in high-yield bonds, senior unsecured or senior
subordinated term loans, and, in each case, participations in the foregoing. Most of these bonds
and loans have been originated by banks and other financial institutions.
The Advisers and their affiliates also may invest in CLO debt and equity securities and
warehouses, including those of CLOs and warehouses managed by one or more of the Advisers.
CIM manages a CDO that invests in asset-backed securities (securities for which the underlying
collateral consists of assets such as credit card receivables, home equity loans, leases, commercial
mortgage loans and debt obligations) and provides investment advisory services to two
Investment Companies. Catalyst/CIFC Floating Rate Income Fund is an open-end mutual fund that
invests primarily in SSCLs; its investment adviser is Catalyst Capital Advisors LLC. City National
Rochdale Strategic Credit Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end interval investment company that
invests in CLOs; its investment adviser is City National Rochdale, LLC.
The Advisers may also invest in other financial instruments, such as government securities,
interest rate and credit default swaps, interest rate or other options, futures or forwards, mortgage-
backed securities, distressed securities, foreign exchange, structured finance obligations (such
as collateralized bond obligations, collateralized loan obligations, and collateralized debt
obligations), CLO equity and subordinated debt and mezzanine loans.
Interests in funds managed by the Advisers are offered to investors pursuant to disclosure
documents that contain detailed information about the risks of investing in the funds, including
the risks relating to the securities issued to investors by the funds and those relating to the
underlying assets held by the funds. With respect to each fund the Advisers manage, the
summary of fund investment risks in this Brochure is qualified in its entirety by the disclosure
document for the particular fund. You should carefully review each fund’s offering circular
before investing in the fund or making an investment decision to buy, sell or hold the securities
issued by the fund.
Methods of the Advisers’ investment strategies
The Advisers’ investment strategies generally involve those described in “Methods of the
Advisers’ investment analysis” above, as well as modeling and stress testing of investment
portfolios, portfolio diversification across issuers and industries, and ongoing risk monitoring of
portfolio holdings. The Advisers may in some cases seek enhanced returns through tactical or
opportunistic trading that seeks to capitalize on pricing inefficiencies with respect to the rating,
credit quality and/or seniority in the issuer’s capital structure of the related loan or other credit
product.
The Advisers also may employ leverage in managing client accounts. CLOs are levered
investment vehicles and other client accounts may or may not employ leverage depending on a
particular client account’s investment objectives.
General investment risks
All investing in securities involves risk of loss that you should be prepared to bear. The
securities the Advisers invest in are subject to credit, liquidity, interest rate and exchange rate
risks, general economic conditions, operational risks, structural risks, the condition of financial
markets, political events, developments or trends in any particular industry, changes in prevailing
interest rates and periods of adverse performance. Please see the relevant offering memorandum
or other disclosure document for the CIFC program in which you are invested or considering for
investment for a more detailed discussion of risks.
Risks of the Advisers’ investment analysis methods
The Advisers consider the material risks of their investment analysis methods to include the
unpredictability of general economic, financial, industry and issuer-specific conditions; and lack
of sufficient financial information.
Risks of investing in client accounts
The material risks of investing in CLOs generally consist of those relating to the securities issued
to investors by the CLOs and the underlying SSCLs and other investments held by the CLOs.
The former risks are typically the lack of liquidity of the interests, their subordination to more
senior interests in the CLO’s capital structure, the limited recourse nature of the interests, and the
uncertainty of the CLO making payments on the interests. The latter risks are described in more
detail below.
The material risks of investing in non-CLO loan-based client accounts include lack of liquidity
of the interests, the limited recourse nature of the interests, the uncertainty of payments on the
interests, and the risks related to the underlying SSCLs described in more detail below.
Risks of investing in SSCLs and other bank loans
General
The substantial majority of the investments managed by the Advisers are SSCLs, which are debt
obligations that typically pay interest based upon floating rates. During periods of rising interest
rates, the total payment obligations of the borrowers, issuers or obligors of floating rate debt will
increase, perhaps significantly. This in turn could lead to an increase in default rates on such
investments.
The investment risks of SSCLs and other bank loans include limited liquidity and secondary
market support, the limited supply of some new issue bank loans, the possibility that earnings of
the loan obligor may be insufficient to meet its debt service obligations, the declining
creditworthiness and potential for insolvency of the obligor of bank loans during periods of
economic downturn, spread compression over the reference interest rate available for
reinvestment during any period in which prepayments are received, and if subordinated,
subordination to the prior claims of other loans or senior lenders. An economic downturn could
severely disrupt the market for bank loans and adversely affect the value of outstanding bank
loans and the ability of the obligors to repay principal and pay interest. SSCLs are rated below
investment grade and thus have greater credit and liquidity risk than investment grade
obligations.
Allocations
In allocating a new investment opportunity among client accounts that are eligible to invest in it,
the Advisers will endeavor, in their judgment and on an overall basis, to treat each client account
in a manner the Advisers consider equitable in light of all relevant factors. These factors may
include differences in investment objectives, guidelines and current investment strategies; the
relative sizes, available cash, investment capacities and age/vintage of the client accounts
(including whether a client account is in its “warehousing” or “ramp” phase or is or near the end
of its reinvestment period); differences in contractual restrictions and requirements among the
client accounts; efficient transaction sizes; whether certain accounts would receive a de minimis
or odd lot allocation; tax, legal and regulatory considerations; and the relative positions of the
client accounts in terms of portfolio ramping. For example, newly created client accounts
(including warehouses, CLOs, managed accounts or any other investment product) typically go
through an initial, temporary period in which they acquire more investments than usual. This
period is generally referred to as the “ramp” or “ramping period”, and represents the period
during which the account becomes fully-invested. The Advisers may over-allocate investment
opportunities, particularly new issue SSCL opportunities, to a ramping client account.
Credit Risk / Defaults & Recoveries
SSCLs may become non-performing for a variety of reasons and as a result may require substantial
workout negotiations or restructuring that may include a substantial reduction in the interest rate,
a substantial reduction of the principal or a substantial extension of the amortization or maturity
date of the relevant loan. Any such event will likely cause a significant decrease in the interest
collections on the relevant loan and or a significant decrease in the principal collections on the
relevant loan.
If a default occurs with respect to an SSCL, and the holder of the SSCL sells or otherwise
disposes of the SSCL, the proceeds of the sale or disposition will likely be less than the unpaid
principal and interest thereon.
Historical information regarding default and recovery rates of SSCLs is limited. Actual default
and recovery rates could vary significantly from historical observations. Historical information
on the market value volatility of SSCLs is limited, and SSCLs could be subject to market
volatility not apparent from historical volatility studies. Such volatility could be significant at
times.
Co-lenders / Liquidity
The SSCL investor (i.e. typically one of our client accounts) generally will purchase an
assignment of, or a participation in, an SSCL issued under a loan facility to which more than one
lender is a party. These loan facilities are most often administered by agent lenders on behalf of
the lenders pursuant to a loan agreement. Consequently, the SSCL investor may be outvoted by
a majority or supermajority of the lenders under such loan agreement in relation to consents
and/or amendments thereunder.
Due to the unique and customized nature of a loan and the private syndication of a loan, certain
syndicated loans may not be purchased or sold as easily as publicly traded securities. Trading
in loans is subject to delays due to their unique and customized nature, and transfers may
require extensive documentation, the payment of significant fees and the consent of an agent
bank or the underlying obligor. In addition, the investor may incur additional expenses to
the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default or to participate in the restructuring
of a loan.
Seniority
Some bank loans in which the Advisers invest on behalf of the client accounts may be second
lien loans, junior loans or subordinated loans, which are typically subject to intercreditor
arrangements, which may prohibit or restrict the ability of the investor to exercise rights against
the obligor with respect to their liens, if any, to challenge any exercise of remedies against the
collateral by the first lien lenders with respect to their first liens, to challenge the enforceability
or priority of the first liens on the collateral, and to exercise certain other secured creditor rights,
both before and during a default or bankruptcy of the obligor.
During a bankruptcy of the obligor, the holder of a junior loan may have to give advance consent
to any use of cash collateral approved by the first lien creditors, sales of collateral approved by
the first lien lenders and the bankruptcy court, and debtor-in-possession financings.
Prepayment & Reinvestment Risk
Bank loans are generally prepayable in whole or in part at any time at the option of the obligor
thereof at par plus accrued unpaid interest thereon. Prepayments may be caused by a variety of
factors which are often difficult to predict. Consequently, there exists a risk that bank loans
purchased at a price greater than par may experience a capital loss as a result of such a prepayment.
Additionally, proceeds from bank loans that are prepaid may be reinvested at a lower rate than
the original investment.
Lender Liability
In recent years, a number of judicial decisions in the U.S. have upheld the right of borrowers to
sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories. Generally, lender liability
is founded upon the premise that an institutional lender has violated a duty (whether implied or
contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to the obligor or has assumed a degree of control
over the obligor that creates a fiduciary duty owed to the obligor or its other creditors or
shareholders. Because of the nature of bank loans, the investor could be subject to allegations of
lender liability made against it as part of a group of lenders and may be liable for pro rata
liabilities of the agent or lead lender.
Risks of investing in high-yield (“HY”) bonds
While the Advisers primarily invest in SSCLs, certain of the funds they manage may invest from
time to time in HY bonds.
HY bonds are rated below investment grade and thus have greater credit and liquidity risk than
investment grade obligations. Recent regulatory rule-making has further impacted liquidity in
the HY bond market. HY bonds typically pay a fixed rate of interest and are generally unsecured
and may be subordinated to other obligations of the issuer. The lower ratings of HY obligations
reflect a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer or in
general economic conditions may impair the ability of the issuer to make payments of principal
and interest.
Risks of HY bonds also include limited liability and secondary market support, substantial
market price volatility resulting from changes in prevailing interest rates, subordination to the
prior claims of banks and other senior lenders, the operation of mandatory sinking fund or
call/redemption provisions during periods of declining interest rates that could cause the investor
to reinvest premature redemption proceeds in lower-yielding bonds, the possibility that earnings
of the issuer may be insufficient to meet its debt service, and the declining creditworthiness and
potential for insolvency of the issuer during periods of rising interest rates or economic downturn.
An economic downturn or an increase in interest rates could severely disrupt the market for HY
bonds and adversely affect the value of outstanding HY bonds and the ability of the issuers
thereof to repay principal and interest. The market for both investment grade and HY bonds is
not liquid at all times and for all issuers. Particular issues of bonds may be concentrated in the
hands of only a few investors, many of such bonds are not registered under securities laws and
most are not listed, and market-making activity, if any, may cease.
Risk of investing in structured finance obligations (“SFOs”)
While the Advisers primarily invest in SSCLs, certain of the client accounts they manage may
invest from time to time in SFOs. SFOs may entail various unique risks, such as prepayment
risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, structural risk, legal risk and interest rate risk (which
may be exacerbated if the interest rate payable on an SFO changes based on multiples of changes
in interests rates or inversely to changes in interest rates). In addition, the performance of an
SFO will be affected by a variety of factors, including its priority in the capital structure of the
obligor, the availability of any credit enhancement, the level and timing of payments and recoveries
on and the characteristics of the underlying receivables, loans or other assets that are being
securitized, remoteness of those assets from the originator or transferor, the adequacy of and
ability to realize upon any related collateral and the capability of the servicer of the securitized
assets.
Risk of investing in synthetic obligations (“SOs”)
While the Advisers primarily invest in SSCLs, certain of the client accounts they manage hold a
limited number of SOs. Investments in SOs (the reference obligations of which may themselves
be loan collateral debt obligations, SFOs or high-yield collateral debt obligations) present risks in
addition to those resulting from direct purchases of the reference obligations (“ROs”) underlying
such SOs. With respect to each SO, the issuer will usually have a contractual relationship only
with the counterparty of the SO and not the obligor of the applicable RO.
The issuer of the applicable SO generally will have no right directly to enforce compliance by
the obligor of the applicable RO with the terms of the RO nor any rights of set-off against the
obligor (and may be subject to set-off rights exercised by the obligor against the counterparty or
another person or entity), nor have any voting or other consensual rights of ownership with
respect to the RO.
The SO investor will not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the RO and will not have
the benefit of the remedies that would normally be available to a holder of such RO. In an
insolvency of the SO issuer, the SO investor will be treated as a general creditor of the SO issuer,
and will not have any claim with respect to the relevant RO. Consequently, the SO investor will
be subject to the credit risk of the SO issuer as well as that of the relevant RO obligor.
Risks of Investing in CLO Equity and Subordinated Debt Tranches
While the Advisers primarily invest in SSCLs, certain of the client accounts they manage invest in
CLO equity and subordinated debt tranches (“CLO Securities”). CLO Securities rank behind all
of the CLO issuer’s secured creditors, including the holders of the secured notes. If distributions
on and sale proceeds from the CLO collateral are insufficient to make payments in full on the
CLO Securities, no other amounts will be available for the payment of such deficiency.
Any such deficiency or default will reduce the value of the client account’s investment in
any such CLO Securities.
Risks of Investing in Mezzanine Debt
While the Advisers primarily invest in SSCLs, certain of the client accounts they manage may
invest in mezzanine debt. Mezzanine debt is subordinated and may be unsecured and made in
companies whose capital structures have significant indebtedness ranking ahead of the
mezzanine debt, all or a significant portion of which may be secured. Subordinated debt
instruments will rank behind the borrower’s senior indebtedness. In the event of a bankruptcy,
liquidation or reorganization or similar proceeding relating to a borrower, the applicable client
account will participate with all other holders of such borrower’s indebtedness in the assets
remaining after the borrower has paid all of its senior and/or secured (to the extent of the
collateral securing such obligation) indebtedness. A borrower may not have sufficient funds to
pay all of its creditors and the applicable client account may receive nothing, or less, ratably,
than the holders of senior and/or secured indebtedness of such borrower or the holders of
indebtedness that is not subordinated. Moreover, the ability of the applicable client account to
influence a borrower’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following an
insolvency, is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors.
Risks of Investing in CLO Warehouses
While the Advisers primarily invest in SSCLs, certain of the client accounts they manage invest
in CLO warehouses. There can be no assurance that a CLO related to such warehouse investments
will be consummated. In the event a planned CLO is not consummated, the warehouse investors
may be responsible for either holding or disposing of the warehoused assets. Because leverage is
typically utilized in warehouses, the potential risk of loss will be increased for the warehouse
investors. This could expose the applicable client account to losses, including in some cases a
complete loss of all capital invested in the warehouse investment. In the event the CLO related
to such warehouse is not consummated, the applicable client account will bear the risk of loss
on the underlying assets of the warehouse. Warehouse investments are generally illiquid.
Risk of Investing in Debt/Credit Derivative Instruments
While the Advisers primarily invest in SSCLs, certain of the client accounts they manage may
engage in trading in credit derivative contracts, both for bona fide hedging of existing long and
short positions, but also for independent profit opportunities. Such instruments may include one
or more credits. The market for credit derivatives may be relatively illiquid, and there are
considerable risks that may make it difficult either to buy or sell the contracts as needed or at
reasonable prices. There are also risks with respect to credit derivatives in determining whether
an event will trigger payment under the contract and whether such payment will offset the loss or
payment due under another instrument. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, a failure to
pay, the acceleration of an obligation or modified restructuring of a credit obligation or
instrument.
Use of derivative instruments presents various risks. For example, when used for hedging or
synthetic investment purposes, an imperfect or variable degree of correlation between price
movements of the derivative instrument and the underlying investment sought to be hedged or
tracked may prevent the client account from achieving the intended hedging effect or expose the
client account to the risk of loss. In addition, daily limits on price fluctuations and speculative
position limits imposed by regulators, exchanges, or other trade execution facilities on which the
client account may conduct its transactions in derivative instruments may prevent prompt
liquidation of positions, subjecting the client account to the potential of greater losses. Derivative
instruments that may be purchased or sold by the client account may include instruments not traded
on an exchange or centrally cleared. Derivative instruments not traded on exchanges or centrally
cleared are also not subject to the same type of government regulation as exchange-traded or
cleared instruments, and many of the protections afforded to participants in a regulated
environment may not be available in connection with such transactions. The risk of non-
performance by the obligor on such an instrument may be greater and the ease with which the
client account can dispose of or enter into closing transactions with respect to such an instrument
may be less than in the case of an exchange-traded or cleared instrument. In addition, significant
disparities may exist between “bid” and “asked” prices for derivative instruments that are not
traded on an exchange or similar trade execution facility. Additionally, when a company defaults
or files for bankruptcy court protection, the use of derivative instruments may present special risks
associated with the potential imbalance between the derivatives market and the relevant underlying
debt, equity or other market. In such a situation, physical certificates representing such debt or
equity may be required to be delivered to settle trades and the potential shortage of such actual
certificates relative to the number of derivative instruments may cause the price of the actual
certificated debt instruments to rise, which may adversely affect the holder of such derivative
instruments. The stability and liquidity of derivative investments depend in large part on the
creditworthiness of the parties to the transactions. If there is a default by the counterparty to such
a transaction, the client account will under most normal circumstances have contractual remedies
pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, exercising such contractual rights
may involve delays or costs which could result in a loss to the client account. Furthermore, there
is a risk that any of such counterparties could become insolvent. Also, it should be noted that in
entering into derivative transactions, the client account may not have the right to vote on matters
requiring a vote of holders of the underlying investment. Moreover, derivative instruments, and
the terms relating to the purchase, sale or financing thereof, are also typically governed by complex
legal agreements. As a result, there is a higher risk of dispute over interpretation or enforceability
of the agreements. It should also be noted that the regulation of derivatives is evolving and is
expected to increase, which could impact the client account’s ability to transact in such instruments
and the liquidity of such instruments.
Risk of Loss
All investing involves a risk of loss and may not be suitable for all investors.
Cybersecurity Risk
The Advisers, as well as their third-party service providers, rely in part on electronic systems and
devices to maintain substantial computerized data to conduct their business. Such electronic
systems may be subject to a variety of possible cybersecurity incidents, including the introduction
of malicious programs into the network or a server (e.g., viruses, worms, Trojan horses, e-mail
bombs, etc.) and unauthorized electronic or physical access and use of confidential information.
The Advisers maintain policies and procedures on cybersecurity, and have certain technical and
physical safeguards in place that are intended to protect against cyber-attacks. Additionally, the
Advisers take reasonable steps to select and retain third-party service providers that take
appropriate security measures to protect confidential information. Nevertheless, despite
reasonable precautions, the risk remains that cybersecurity incidents could potentially occur, and
may result in unauthorized access to sensitive information about the Advisers or their clients or
investors and/or financial losses to a client or investor.
The Advisers will seek to notify affected clients and investors of any known cybersecurity
incident that may pose a substantial risk of exposing confidential personal data about such clients
or investors to unintended parties or cause a financial loss to the client or investor.
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prospective client’s evaluation of CIFC’s advisory business or the integrity of its management.
While CIFC does not view the following disciplinary event as material to it, please note that in
February 2011, Deerfield Capital Corp. (prior to a merger involving Deerfield Capital Corp. and
Commercial Industrial Finance Corp. in April 2011, pursuant to which CIFC and CIM became
affiliates), without admitting or denying the allegations or findings, consented to the SEC’s
issuance of a final order making findings and imposing a cease and desist order from violating
specified books and records and internal control provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 and rules thereunder (namely, Sections 13(a), 13(b)(2)(A), and 13(b)(2)(B) and Rules 12b-
20, 13a-1, and 13a-13), disgorgement and related payment of prejudgment interest. The SEC’s
disciplinary action related to Deerfield Capital Corp.’s accounting treatment for three sets of
mortgage-securities transactions that it conducted approximately ten years ago. None of the
CIFC, CIM or the other Advisers or their current management persons were alleged by the SEC
to have engaged in any violation.
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None of the Advisers is registered as a securities broker-dealer.
Conflicts of Interest
As noted above, the Advisers are affiliated with each other and with CIFC LLC. The Advisers’
affiliations with each other might create conflicts of interest for clients.
Allocations
There might be an incentive, as among the Advisers, to favor certain client accounts over others,
for example in allocating limited supply new issue bank loans (see Items 6 and 8) among client
accounts. Most new client accounts are expected to be managed by CIFC and/or under the
“CIFC” brand. CIFC may have an incentive to favor “CIFC” branded accounts over those
managed by, or branded under, the other Advisers.
Brokers
The Advisers have relationships with various banks and other financial institutions, largely as a
result of the Advisers transacting with these institutions in the purchase and sale of investments
for client accounts and in connection with placing securities in funds managed by the Advisers
(such as CLOs). The Advisers may have an incentive to engage in these transactions with
particular institutions if they have referred prospective clients to the Advisers.
Material Nonpublic Information
There may be instances where the Advisers may be restricted from trading certain investments
for clients because they are in possession of material nonpublic information. There may be other
instances where the Adviser chooses not to receive material nonpublic information that other
market participants may have received.
Client Investments in other Adviser Clients
Certain of the Advisers’ “Related Persons” (i.e. entities under common control with the
Advisers) may be general partners or managers of investment-related entities, but the Advisers’
clients are not currently solicited to invest in those entities, although the Advisers may solicit
such investment in the future. Certain of the Advisers’ clients invest in vehicles that are
affiliated with the Adviser.
Please see the relevant offering memorandum or other disclosure document for the CIFC program
in which you are invested or considering for investment for a more detailed discussion of conflicts
of interest.
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Trading
Code of Ethics
The Advisers have a joint Code of Ethics (the “Code”) that is a guide to the legal and ethical
behavior of their officers and employees. You may obtain a copy of the Code from the CCO.
The Code addresses the general responsibilities of the officers and employees; standards of
business conduct, avoidance of conflicts of interest, reporting of personal securities transactions,
the reporting of violations of the Code, any other policy of the Advisers or applicable law, political
contributions; protection of confidential information; maintenance of data security, equal
opportunity for Adviser employees, prohibitions on workplace harassment, proper use of Adviser
property, recording of conversations; and recordkeeping.
Participation or interest in client transactions
The Advisers or their Related Persons may recommend that clients buy securities in which the
Advisers have a material financial interest, in that they may recommend that clients invest in an
investment fund that they manage, or that they may be an investor in, and in which they thus
have a financial interest. The Advisers would recommend the investment only if they considered
it in the applicable client’s best interest to make the investment.
The Advisers or their Related Persons may invest in the same or related investments that they
recommend to clients, for example, as noted above, they may be investors in investment funds
that they recommend to clients and/or may own similar investments directly. The Advisers do
not consider this to involve a conflict of interest, as they believe that the investment by them or
their Related Persons in a client account that they recommend to clients helps to align the
Advisers’ interests with those of their clients.
The Advisers or their Related Persons may recommend investments to clients at or about the
same time that they buy or sell the same securities for their own account, for example, as noted
above, they may recommend that clients invest in an investment fund or in investments that the
Advisers manage at or about the same time that they invest in the fund and/or investment
directly. The price at which the Advisers invest in an investment fund managed by them may be
greater or less than the price at which the applicable client account invests in such investment
fund. The Advisers do not consider this to involve a conflict of interest.
The Advisers or their Related Persons may cause an account in which the Advisers or such
persons have a material ownership or other financial interest to engage in principal trades with a
client account in accordance with the Advisers’ policies and the Advisers Act. The Advisers
would effectuate such trades only if they considered them to be in the best interests of the client
account, principally because they considered the trade desirable for the client account and the
trade price to be no worse than they could have obtained for the client account in an open market
transaction. The Advisers will generally disclose in the disclosure document for the client
account that they may engage in such principal trades with the account.
The Advisers may, if authorized to do so pursuant to a particular client advisory agreement or by
a particular client, execute cross transactions and agency cross transactions (collectively, “Cross
Transactions”) in accordance with the Advisers’ policies and the Advisers Act. Cross
Transactions include transactions between two separate client accounts managed by an Adviser.
The Advisers believe that such Cross Transactions may enable it to purchase or sell an SSCL or
other investment or a block of investments for each client account and possibly avoid or minimize
transaction costs or unfavorable price movements. The Advisers believe that such transactions
may provide meaningful benefits for its clients.
The Advisers have various policies and procedures setting forth the terms under which they may
engage in principal trades and Cross Transactions, including that they be approved in advance by
the CCO. Such principal trades and Cross Transactions could create a conflict of interest for the
Advisers, in that they might have an incentive to favor an account from which they receive higher
fees or in which they or their Related Persons have a financial interest over the client account that
they arrange to buy securities from or sell securities to.
Personal trading by Related Persons
The Advisers generally address conflicts that may arise in the personal trading of securities by
their Related Persons through the Code and their review of the personal trading of their Related
Persons who have access to pre-trade information about orders the Advisers place for client
accounts. The Code contains general prohibitions on (and the Advisers review their Related
Persons’ reports of personal trading for) personal trading that would conflict with their clients’
interests, “front running” of clients’ transactions (purchasing securities in advance of causing
client accounts to purchase the same securities), and that would involve the use of material non-
public information.
In addition, certain “knowledgeable employees” directly and indirectly may have a beneficial
ownership interest in CIFC’s funds.
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The Advisers may buy or sell loans through numerous agent banks for new issue loans and
through numerous banks and other trading counterparties for secondary market loan trading. The
Advisers have full discretion to determine their trading counterparties, but they typically trade
with the trading counterparty offering the most favorable price (which in the case of SSCLs, is
often the “agent” bank of the related SSCL). The Advisers’ trading counterparties generally do
not charge commissions, instead earning a return on the bid/ask spread of the securities that they
trade. When considering the reasonableness of a bid/ask spread, the Advisers may consider an
investment’s yield, its availability through other agent banks and counterparties, and prevailing
market conditions, among other things.
Additionally, the Advisers typically have authority to determine the broker or dealer to be used
for the accounts they manage (to the extent relevant for a particular account), and the
commission rate to be paid to brokers. The only limitations on their authority in this regard are
those specifically agreed to with a particular client.
The factors the Advisers consider in determining the broker or dealer to be used and the
reasonableness of the commission rate paid are mainly the quality of execution, the financial
condition of the broker or dealer, and the overall quality of the broker or dealer’s services, which
may include services other than execution of a specific trade, such as general market or company
research the broker or dealer provides to the Advisers or specific trading ideas. The research
generated by a client’s trading may be used for the benefit of other clients, and not all clients will
benefit from all research obtained, but the Advisers do not have any “soft dollar” arrangements.
The Advisers may trade for the benefit of the client accounts they manage through prime broker
arrangements that allow trading with multiple brokers while centralizing clearance and custody
through prime brokers. Through these arrangements, the Advisers execute trades through accounts
with different executing brokers in the name of the prime broker for the benefit of the client
account.
Certain brokers and dealers may introduce prospective clients to the Advisers or prospective
investors to the investment funds they manage. This might give the Advisers an incentive to
cause client accounts to use those firms as brokers and trade counterparties, whether or not they
provide the lowest commission rate or the best transaction prices or terms.
From time to time, brokers (including prime brokers) may assist a fund in raising additional
capital from investors. Additionally, brokers may provide capital introduction and marketing
assistance services, and representatives of the Advisers may speak at conferences and programs
sponsored by the brokers, for investors interested in investing in private investment funds.
Through such events, prospective investors in a fund may encounter representatives of the
Advisers. Brokers may also provide other services, including, without limitation, consulting
services relating to technology and office space. Although neither the Advisers nor any fund
compensates brokers for such assistance, events or services, or for any investments ultimately
made by prospective investors attending such events, such activities may influence the Advisers
in deciding whether to use such broker in connection with brokerage, financing and other activities
of its clients. Subject to their obligation to seek best execution, the Advisers may consider
referrals of investors to the funds in determining its selection of brokers. However, the Advisers
will not commit to an investor or a broker to allocate a particular amount of brokerage in any
such situation.
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General
The Advisers’ investment platform is comprised of three closely integrated but distinct functions:
the Investment Research function, the Portfolio Management function and the Trading function.
Members of each team typically meet daily. All fund investments (including both purchases and
sales) are reviewed per an approval process that addresses credit acceptability approval, portfolio
attractiveness approval and final investment approval.
Investment Research
The Investment Research team analyzes current and potential investments, makes research
recommendations and provides ongoing oversight of individual investment positions.
Investments are reviewed at least quarterly, upon significant news or events, and upon receipt of
an amendment request or other specific action request with respect to a particular loan or other
investment. The Investment Committee, which is chaired by the Chief Investment Officer,
typically meets daily and ad hoc as necessary. The Investment Committee approves investments,
establishes fund and firm-level risk limits and reviews financial and operating performance vs.
plan, covenant compliance, collateral valuation, significant events, stress testing and portfolio
optimization.
Portfolio Management
Compliance with a client account’s particular investment restrictions is the responsibility of the
Portfolio Management team, which actively manages applicable client account investment
guidelines, including collateral quality and coverage tests and concentration limitations in the
case of CLOs.
Typically, an independent custodian or administrator is responsible for preparing periodic reports
and distributing them to our client accounts and investors in them. These reports contain
information about the client accounts’ payments to investors as well as information about the
investments in such accounts. The Advisers also review the reports and reconcile their contents
against the Advisers’ own records.
Other
The Advisers aggregate the purchase or sale of investments for various client accounts in an
effort to achieve best execution for them.
The Advisers may prepare a monthly or quarterly letter and make other information available to
investors in client accounts. This information supplements and explains information in the
custodians’/administrators’ reports. Separately managed account clients and investors in the
private investment funds may also receive statements from a custodian and/or an investor letter
on a monthly or other periodic basis. Investors in the private investment funds also receive
annual audited financial statements.
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From time to time, the Advisers may compensate third parties in connection with referrals of
prospective clients and investors. Such solicitation arrangements will seek to conform to Rule
206(4)-3 of the Advisers Act, to the extent applicable. Prospective investors will be informed of
such arrangement if applicable and will not be assessed any additional fees. Additionally, in a
typical placement arrangement, the funds generally pay the placement agent a percentage of the
money raised by the placement agent or a percentage of the Adviser’s revenue generated by the
money raised by the placement agent.
The Advisers and their Related Persons have an agreement with General Electric Capital
Corporation (“GECC”), providing for CIFC to pay GECC a portion of the management fees
in excess of a specified amount that CIFC receives from clients referred to it by GECC.
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Pursuant to Rule 206(4)-2 (the “Custody Rule”), the Advisers are deemed to have custody of
certain clients’ funds and securities. Therefore, in accordance with the Custody Rule, these assets
are maintained with an independent qualified custodian.
The private funds have engaged independent public accounting firms registered with and subject
to review by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) to perform an annual
audit of the private fund in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Account Principles. The fund
administrator distributes the audited financial statements to the limited partners of the private
funds within 120 days of the private funds’ fiscal year end, or within 180 days for fund of funds.
Additionally, the fund administrator sends quarterly or more frequent account statements
directly to clients; clients should carefully review those statements.
Further to the above, if an Adviser sends account statements to clients, clients should compare
those statements to the fund administrator’s account statement.
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The Advisers generally have discretionary authorization with respect to the client accounts they
manage, although the Advisers also have non-discretionary accounts. Before they assume
discretionary authority, they enter into either an investment management or similar agreement
with the client, or a limited power of attorney, establishing the authority and specifying any
limitations on the authority. The Advisers’ clients customarily limit the Advisers’ discretionary
authority through specific restrictions or requirements relating to the investing the Advisers may
conduct for their accounts within such authority, such as restrictions on the types of investments
they may make for the account.
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The Advisers have, and will accept, authority to vote client investments.
The Advisers’ policies for voting investments held by client accounts are, in brief, as follows.
The Advisers vote in a manner that they determine, in their discretion, is in the best interest of
the clients and consistent with their duty of care and loyalty to their clients. The Advisers will
generally vote for proposals that they believe maximize the value of the relevant investment.
The factors they consider will vary from investment to investment and from client to client, and
may include market information, liquidity, the debtor’s financial situation, the industry, and
client’s investment guidelines and the remaining life of the relevant account (particularly in the
case of CLOs).
Although the issue has not arisen to date, if the Advisers were ever to deem there to be a conflict
between their interests and those of a client with respect to the voting of a client security, the
Advisers would address the conflict by establishing a committee likely including the Chief
Investment Officer and the CCO. For example, if a client account holds a defaulting bond whose
issuer is negotiating financing with a financial institution with which the Advisers have a business
relationship, the committee would review the voting action, and if it determines that no actual
conflict is present it will approve the proxy vote.
Clients and investors may (i) obtain information about how the Advisers voted investments held
by client accounts, (ii) obtain a copy of the Advisers’ proxy voting policies and procedures, and
(iii) direct the Advisers to vote in certain situations, in each case, by making a request in writing
to the CCO.
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A balance sheet is not required to be provided as: (i) fees are not payable to the Advisers more
than six months in advance, (ii) the Advisers do not have a financial condition that is likely to
impair its ability to meet contractual commitments to clients and (iii) the Advisers have not been
subject to any bankruptcy proceeding during the past 10 years.
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