INCLINE MANAGEMENT, L.P.
- Advisory Business
- Fees and Compensation
- Performance-Based Fees
- Types of Clients
- Methods of Analysis
- Disciplinary Information
- Other Activities
- Code of Ethics
- Brokerage Practices
- Review of Accounts
- Client Referrals
- Custody
- Investment Discretion
- Voting Client Securities
- Financial Information
The Management Company Incline Management, L.P. is a Delaware limited partnership and successor to Incline Management Corp. Incline Management, L.P. is a private investment management company doing business as Incline Equity Partners. Headquartered in Pittsburgh, PA, with offices in New York, NY, Incline Equity Partners was formed in April 2011 to provide investment advisory services to private equity fund clients through limited partnership interests, focusing on private investments in lower middle- market growth companies. Incline Management, L.P. is 100% owned and managed by John (“Jack”) C. Glover, Justin L. Bertram, and Leon M. Rubinov (collectively, the “Principals”). In August of 2011, Incline Equity Partners registered as an investment adviser with the SEC to provide investment management services exclusively to private equity funds that are pooled investment vehicles exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“Investment Company Act”). The following are certain affiliated entities of Incline Equity Partners (the “general partners,” and together with Incline Equity Partners, and affiliated manager, the “Adviser”):
Allegheny Capital Partners II, LLC Incline GP III, LLC Incline GP IV, L.P. Incline Management Corp. Incline Elevate GP, L.P. Incline GP V, L.P.
Each general partner listed above is subject to the Advisers Act pursuant to Incline Equity Partners’ registration in accordance with SEC guidance. This Brochure also describes the business practices of each affiliated general partner, which operate as a single advisory business together with Incline Equity Partners. The terms ‘Adviser’ and ‘general partner’ are used interchangeably throughout this Brochure.
The Funds In September 2011, the Adviser assumed management of certain private investment funds previously managed by PNC Equity Management Corp. These private investment funds consist of PNC Equity Partners, L.P. (“Fund I”) and PNC Equity Partners II, L.P. (“Fund II”). Fund I was liquidated in 2017. The Adviser also provides advisory services to Incline Equity Partners III, L.P. (together with parallel funds and certain other related vehicles, “Fund III”), Incline Equity Partners IV, L.P. and Incline Equity Partners IV AIV, L.P. (collectively with any alternative investment vehicles that may be established “Fund IV”), Incline Elevate Fund, L.P. and Incline Elevate Fund A, L.P. (collectively with any alternative investment vehicles that may be established “Elevate” or “Incline Elevate”) and Incline Equity Partners V, L.P. and Incline Equity Partners V-A, L.P. (together with any alternative investment vehicles and certain other related vehicles “Fund V”). The Adviser has also formed co-investment vehicles to facilitate certain investments made by Fund III and Fund IV, which are disclosed in Section 7.A. of Schedule D of the Adviser’s Form ADV Part 1. The Adviser’s services are provided pursuant to a management agreement with the general partner or manager of each of Fund II, Fund III, Fund IV, Elevate, and Fund V, as well as pursuant to the governing documents of the applicable co-investment vehicles. Fund II, Fund III, Fund IV, Elevate, Fund V and co-investment vehicles are referred to collectively in this Brochure as the “Funds.” As of December 31, 2019, the Adviser had $2.3 billion in discretionary regulatory assets under management. The Adviser does not manage any assets on a non-discretionary basis. Each of the existing Funds is closed and will not admit new investors. Advisory Services The Adviser tailors its advisory services to the specific investment objectives and restrictions of each Fund pursuant to the investment guidelines and restrictions set forth in each Fund’s confidential private placement memorandum, limited partnership agreement and other governing documents (collectively, the “Governing Documents”). Information about each Fund and the particular investment objectives, strategies, restrictions and risks associated with an investment are described in the Governing Documents, which are made available to investors only through the Adviser and its authorized agents. The Funds are offered exclusively to individuals who qualify as “accredited investors” under Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and/or “qualified purchasers” as defined under Section 2(a)(51) of the Investment Company Act and are therefore not required to register as investment companies with the SEC in accordance with the exemptions set forth in Sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act. Investment strategies and guidelines are not tailored to the individualized needs of any particular investor in a Fund. Once invested in a Fund, an investor cannot impose restrictions on the types of securities in which such Fund may invest. Investors in the Funds participate in the overall investment program for the relevant Fund, but in certain circumstances are excused from a particular investment due to legal, regulatory or other agreed-upon circumstances pursuant to the Governing Documents; provided that such arrangements generally do not and will not create an adviser-client relationship between the Adviser and any investor. Investments in the Funds involve significant risks and should be regarded as long-term in nature, forming only one portion of an investor’s diversified investment portfolio. Market Focus The primary investment responsibility of the Adviser to the Funds is making equity investments in lower middle-market companies located in the United States and Canada. The Funds focus on making investments in select target business models that operate within three core business sectors (value-added distribution, outsourced services, and niche manufacturing) where the Principals have considerable prior investment experience. Each Fund focuses on change of control buyouts, corporate divestitures, and minority recapitalizations in the lower end of the “middle-market” as that term describes the enterprise value of the target portfolio company. The Funds generally invest in growing companies with enterprise values of $25 million to $450 million, as more fully described in each Fund’s Governing Documents. The Funds seek to enhance the value of portfolio companies by transforming small, entrepreneurial enterprises into larger, professional companies by utilizing the management expertise of the Adviser to effect the following: (a) upgrade and broaden the portfolio company’s management talent; (b) complete strategic acquisitions to improve the competitive capability of the portfolio company; (c) improve operations; and (d) refine stand-alone business strategies to attract prospective corporate parent interest. The investment term of each Fund is specified in the applicable Fund’s Governing Documents. Each Fund will generally utilize one of the following exit strategies to monetize portfolio assets: (a) sell a portfolio company privately; or (b) take the portfolio company public via an initial public offering. It is anticipated that most portfolio companies will be sold to private buyers. The Funds mainly invest in non-public companies, although they reserve the right to invest in public companies subject to any limits set forth in the applicable Fund’s Governing Documents. Each Fund may also hold public company investments as a result of a sale of all or a portion of the Fund’s investments in a portfolio company, such as when a portfolio company goes public or is sold to a public company and the Fund receives stock. When investing in portfolio companies, the Principals of the Adviser often serve on portfolio company boards of directors or otherwise act to influence the management of these companies until the applicable Fund exits the investment. please register to get more info
Fees and Compensation The Adviser typically charges a quarterly advisory fee (the “Management Fee”) as described in relevant Governing Documents. Fees and other compensation paid by a Fund to the Adviser vary from Fund to Fund and may be different from the fees and compensation payable in respect of any successor fund or co-investment vehicle formed to facilitate a Fund investment. Investors should carefully review the Governing Documents of the relevant Fund in conjunction with this Brochure for complete information about fees and compensation. Similar advisory services may be available from other investment advisers for similar or lower fees. Management Fees are initially derived from capital commitments assigned to the limited partner investors in a Fund. The Management Fee will subsequently “step down” to be calculated in line with provisions of applicable Governing Documents. A Fund’s investment period, specified within the Governing Documents, is the limited period in which a Fund is permitted to enter into new investments (often four to six years from the end of the Fund’s fundraising period). The Management Fee will be reduced by Transaction Fees as further described below in “Transaction Fees.” Carried Interest In addition to the payment of ongoing Management Fees, the Funds (and indirectly the limited partner investors) are also typically required to allocate to the general partner of the applicable Fund a carried interest based upon a percentage of a Fund’s return on invested capital. Co- investment vehicles formed to facilitate a Fund’s investment typically will not be subject to any carried interest. For additional details about such performance-based compensation, please refer to Item 6 – Performance-Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management. Management Fees, performance-based compensation, and/or any other compensation payable to the Adviser are generally negotiated with the Fund or its underlying investors and may depend on, among other factors, the amount of capital committed to the Fund. Waiver of Management Fees The Adviser reserves the right to waive a portion of its Management Fee and instead have the limited partner investors contribute a portion of the general partner’s capital commitment to the Funds, although the general partner will share in distributions related to the amount contributed by the limited partners on its behalf. The Adviser will not assess Management Fees on the general partner’s and certain affiliated limited partners’ (such as “friends and family” of the Adviser or its personnel, or other investors meeting certain qualification requirements based on commitment size or other strategic or relationship factors) portion of a Fund’s committed capital. The Adviser retains the right to reduce the Management Fee due from a limited partner investor at its discretion. Other Fees and Expenses The Adviser is liable for its normal operating overhead and administrative expenses, including salaries, bonuses and employee benefits, office facilities, back office support, accounting, management/finance functions, marketing, travel, and other management-related costs to the extent not borne or reimbursed by a portfolio company. In certain instances, these or similar expenses are expected to be charged to portfolio companies, capitalized into the cost basis of a transaction or, to the extent necessary or desirable for operational, administrative, tax or other reasons, charged at the level of an intermediate holding company between the relevant Fund and the portfolio company. The Principals or other current or former employees of the Adviser generally receive salaries and other compensation derived from, which in certain cases is structured to include a portion of, the Management Fee, performance-based compensation (i.e., carried interest) or other compensation received by the Adviser or its affiliates. In addition to the Management Fee, each Fund, as permitted under the applicable Fund’s Governing Documents, will pay, or reimburse the applicable general partner for, all other fees, costs, expenses, liabilities and obligations relating to such Fund’s and/or its subsidiaries’ activities, business, portfolio companies or actual or potential investments, including with respect to any entity formed to effect the acquisition and/or holding of a portfolio company (to the extent not borne or reimbursed by a portfolio company or potential portfolio company) (such expenses, “Partnership Expenses”), including all fees, costs, expenses, liabilities and obligations relating or attributable to: Activities with respect to structuring, seeking, organizing, negotiating, acquiring, consummating, diligencing (including any subscriptions to any periodicals, databases and/or research services), financing, bidding-on, refinancing, hedging, holding, managing, owning, monitoring, operating, valuing, trading, dissolving, winding-up, liquidating, restructuring, taking public or private, selling or otherwise disposing of, as applicable, the Fund’s portfolio companies and its actual and potential investments (including follow-on investments) or seeking to do any of the foregoing (including any associated legal, financing, commitment, transaction or other fees and expenses payable to attorneys, accountants, tax professionals, investment bankers, lenders, expert networks, third-party due diligence and software and service providers, consultants and similar professionals in connection therewith and any fees and expenses related to transactions that may have been offered to co-investors), whether or not any contemplated transaction or project is consummated and whether or not such activities are successful; Indebtedness (including any credit facility, letter of credit or similar credit support) of, or guarantees made by, the Fund, the Advisor, the general partner or any “affiliated partner” on behalf of the Fund and/or involving any portfolio company (including any indebtedness entered into pending participation by a co-investor in an investment), including the repayment of principal and interest with respect thereto, or seeking to put in place any such indebtedness or guarantee; Broker, dealer, finder, underwriting (including both commissions and discounts), loan administration, private placement fees, sales commissions, investment banker, finder and similar services; Brokerage, sale, custodial, depository (including a depository appointed pursuant to the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive), Swiss representative and paying agent appointed pursuant to the Swiss Collective Investment Schemes Act, as amended, including any law, rule or regulation related to the implementation thereof, trustee, record keeping, account and similar services; Legal, accounting, research, auditing, administration (including fees and expenses associated with the Fund’s compliance with any anti-money laundering laws and regulations and any third-party administrator and administration, tracking or reporting software, if any), information, appraisal, advisory, valuation (including third-party valuations, appraisals or pricing services as well as costs related to the establishment or maintenance of such other services), research, consulting (including consulting, advisory and retainer fees, salary, expense reimbursement and other compensation paid and benefits provided to the Operations Group or any of its members, consultants performing investment initiatives or providing services related to environmental, social and governance investment considerations and policies and other consultants), tax and other professional services; Reverse breakup, termination, and other similar fees; Financing, commitment, origination and similar fees and expenses; Insurance (including directors and officers liability, fidelity bond, management liability, cybersecurity, errors and omissions liability, crime coverage and general partnership liability premiums and other insurance and regulatory expenses, including any costs and expenses related to any retention or deductibles and broker fees, costs and commissions) and any consultants or other advisors utilized in the procurement, review and analysis of insurance policies; Filing, title, transfer, survey, registration and other similar fees and expenses; Printing, communications, mailing, courier, marketing and publicity; The preparation, distribution or filing of financial statements or other reports, tax returns, tax estimates, Schedule K-1s or similar forms or other communications with partners, any other administrative, compliance or regulatory filings or reports (including Form PF, Bureau of Economic Analysis Reports and any Fund-related filings or reports contemplated by the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive or any similar law, rule or regulation), or other information (including an allocable portion of any licensing, maintenance, upgrade and/or implementation fees, expenses and costs of any investor administrative tools (including software and extranet tools) related to the foregoing) or other information, including fees, costs and expenses of any third-party service providers and professionals related to the foregoing; Compliance with any financial account reporting regime, including FATCA, the OECD Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information - Common Reporting Standard and any similar laws, rules and regulations, and any fees, costs and expenses of any third-party service providers and professionals related to the foregoing; Developing, licensing, implementing, maintaining or upgrading any web portal, extranet tools, computer software (including accounting, investor reporting and ledger systems) or other administrative, valuation, information gathering or reporting tools (including subscription-based services); Any activities with respect to protecting the confidential or non-public nature of any information or data, including confidential information (including any costs and expenses incurred in connection with the EU Data Protection Law or FOIA); To the extent provided in the Governing Documents or otherwise approved by the general partner in its sole discretion, proceedings and activities of an advisory board (including any out-of-pocket costs and expenses incurred by representatives of the general partner, the advisory board members, permitted observers and other persons in attending or otherwise participating in meetings of an advisory board); Indemnification (including legal and any other fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with indemnifying any partner or other person pursuant to the Governing Documents and advancing fees, costs and expenses incurred by any such person in defense or settlement of any claim that may be subject to a right of indemnification pursuant to the Governing Documents), except as otherwise set forth in the Governing Documents; Actual, threatened or otherwise anticipated litigation, mediation, arbitration, or other dispute resolution process, including the costs and expenses of any discovery related thereto and any judgment, other award or settlement entered into in connection therewith; Any taxes, fees and other governmental charges levied against a Fund and all expenses incurred in connection with any tax audit, inquiry, investigation, settlement or review of a Fund (except to the extent that a Fund is reimbursed therefor by a partner or such tax, fee or charge is treated as having been distributed to the partners pursuant to Governing Documents) and any costs and expenses of or related to the “partnership representative” of the Fund; Any annual limited partner meeting or other periodic, if any, meetings of the limited partners and any other conference, meeting, or webcast with any limited partner(s), in each case to the extent incurred by the Fund, the general partner or any other affiliate of the general partner; except as otherwise set forth in the Governing Documents, compliance, or regulatory matters, including compliance with the Governing Documents and/or any side letters; The hosting of or attending training programs and meetings and/or events for portfolio companies and/or their personnel; Except as otherwise determined by the general partner in its sole discretion, any fee, cost, expense, liability or obligation relating to any alternative investment vehicle or its activities, business, portfolio companies or actual or potential investments (to the extent not borne or reimbursed by a portfolio company of such alternative investment vehicle) that would be a Fund expense or organizational expense if it were incurred in connection with the Fund, any expenses incurred in connection with the formation, management, operation, termination, winding up and dissolution of any feeder vehicles related to the Fund to the extent not paid by the investors investing in such entities and any other costs and expenses related to any structuring or restructuring of the Fund and its subsidiaries; The termination, liquidation, winding up or dissolution of the Fund and any legal entities owned directly or indirectly by the Fund, including portfolio companies and related entities; Defaults by partners in the payment of any capital contributions; Amendments to, and waivers, consents, or approvals pursuant to, the constituent documents of the Fund, any entities owned directly or indirectly by the Fund (including portfolio companies) and any alternative investment vehicle of the Fund, including the preparation, distribution and implementation thereof; Compliance with any law, rule, regulation, policy, directive or special measure (including in relation to privacy, data protection, know-your-customer, anti-money laundering, sanctions, anti-terrorism or environmental, social or governance considerations), including any legal, administrator, consulting or other third-party service provider fees, costs and expenses related thereto and any regulatory expenses of the general partner incurred in connection with the operation of the Fund and/or any costs and expenses related to the validation of any payments made to the Fund or the general partner (including pursuant to or otherwise in connection with any anti-money laundering laws, rules or regulations); Any litigation or governmental inquiry, investigation or proceeding, including any costs and expenses of discovery related thereto and the amount of any judgments, settlements or fines paid in connection therewith, except as set forth in the Governing Documents; Any third-party experts, including independent appraisers, engaged by the general partner in connection with the Fund considering, making, holding or disposing of, directly or indirectly, an investment in the same entity as one or more other affiliated funds; Unreimbursed costs and expenses incurred in connection with any transfer or proposed transfer by a Limited Partner or any Limited Partner’s name change, internal restructuring or change in registered agent or custodian; Distributions to the partners and other expenses associated with the acquisition, holding and disposition of investments, including extraordinary expenses; Unreimbursed expenses and unpaid fees of the Operations Group or its members; Any travel (including the cost of using private aircraft or other private air travel (including the use of a private aircraft owned, partially owned or leased by the Adviser, any of its affiliates or any of their respective owners), in each case, at a cost not to exceed an amount that the general partner reasonably determines to be equivalent to a first class commercial airfare, other air travel, car or ride sharing services or other modes of transportation), lodging, meals or entertainment relating to any of the foregoing, including in connection with consummated and unconsummated investment and disposition opportunities; Gifts or mementos given to Fund investors, portfolio company management or personnel and/or other individuals in connection with any annual meeting, conference, webcast or event described above; Any Organizational Expenses (as defined herein); Any placement fee expenses; and Any other fees, costs, expenses, liabilities or obligations approved by the Advisory Board. Generally included in the expenses permitted to be borne by a Fund are the fees, costs, expenses, liabilities and obligations of legal counsel, consultants and/or other service providers to procure, develop, establish, review, revise, customize, upgrade and/or negotiate relationships relating to the foregoing items, which generally are expected to be significant. If a Fund proposes to structure an investment using a blocker corporation or other intermediate entity to avoid causing certain limited partners to incur unrelated business taxable income or ECI (effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States), all costs, expenses and reduction in proceeds attributable to such blocker corporation or other intermediate entity, including those related to the structuring, formation, operation and liquidation of, and all taxes incurred in connection with, related to or imposed on, a blocker corporation or other intermediate entity shall be borne solely by the limited partners investing through such blocker corporation or other intermediate entity. In certain cases, these or similar expenses are expected to be charged to portfolio companies, capitalized into the cost basis of a transaction or, to the extent necessary or desirable for operational, administrative, tax or other reasons, charged at the level of an intermediate holding company between the relevant Fund and the portfolio company. In certain circumstances, the Adviser, intermediate holding companies or portfolio companies will prepay or otherwise bear ongoing expenses (e.g., audit expenses) that are attributable to blocker corporations, other intermediate entities or co-investment vehicles that hold interests (directly or indirectly) in such intermediate holding companies or portfolio companies. Such prepaid or otherwise borne expenses will be netted out of any distributions that result from the disposition of such intermediate holding companies or portfolio companies such that these expenses (if any) are ultimately borne by the blocker corporations, other intermediate entities, or co-investment vehicles to which they are attributable. If the relevant general partner, the Adviser, or their affiliates bear any Partnership Expenses, they are entitled to be reimbursed by a Fund or to offset such amounts against any reduction of the Management Fee as described above. As further described herein and in the Governing Documents, it is the Adviser’s practice to create an operations group (the “Operations Group”) comprised of persons retained or employed by the general partner or any of its affiliates primarily to provide manufacturing, sales, marketing, technology, human resources, acquisition integration/rationalization, supply chain, logistics, sourcing and/or other operations services, acquisition or other due diligence, or similar services to a Fund or any portfolio company or prospective portfolio company of a Fund. Any compensation, including fees, incentive equity or other stock awards, and any reimbursement of certain travel and other costs, received by Operations Group members will be directly or indirectly borne by limited partners and may be paid by a portfolio company or prospective portfolio company (which payments are not included as “Transaction Fees”) or directly by a Fund and will not otherwise offset or reduce the Management Fee. As used herein, the Operations Group includes “operating executives” (as defined herein). For legal, tax, regulatory, accounting, or other similar reasons, a Fund may form one or more alternative investment entities to make, restructure or otherwise hold investments, including outside of a Fund (including any flow-through investment vehicle). Generally, in such event, each limited partner that participates in such an alternative investment vehicle would do so on substantially the same terms and conditions as it participates in the Fund; provided that each limited partner elects through a subscription agreement whether to participate in flow-through investment vehicles. Alternative investment vehicles are included in all references to a Fund throughout this Brochure, as appropriate. This list does not represent all applicable fees and expenses borne by a Fund. For further discussion of brokerage fees, commissions and other related transaction costs and expenses, please refer to Item 12 – Brokerage Practices. Allocation of Fees and Expenses A Fund generally pays (or reimburses the Adviser) for its proportionate share of fees and expenses which are incidental or related to the maintenance of the Fund or the buying, selling, and holding of investments according to the methodology set forth in the Governing Documents of such Fund. Expenses that are attributable to more than one Fund generally are allocated among such Funds based on a methodology deemed appropriate and equitable by the Adviser, for example on the basis of respective aggregate capital commitments or net assets under management. While the Adviser believes such circumstances to be highly unlikely, it is possible that one of the other Funds could default on its obligation to reimburse the paying Fund. The Adviser pays its share of any expenses that are attributable to management company operations. The Adviser’s Chief Financial Officer is responsible to oversee the fee and expense allocation process. As described further in Item 12 – Brokerage Practices, in certain circumstances, the Adviser reserves the right to permit certain investors to co-invest in portfolio companies alongside one or more Funds, subject to the Adviser’s related policies and the relevant Governing Documents and/or side letter(s). Where a co-invest vehicle is formed, such entity generally will bear expenses related to its formation and operation, many of which are similar in nature to those borne by the Funds. In the event that a transaction in which a co-investment was planned, including a transaction for which a co-investment was believed necessary in order to consummate such transaction or would otherwise be beneficial, in the judgment of the general partner, ultimately is not consummated, all broken deal expenses relating to such proposed transaction will be borne by the Fund(s), and not by any potential co-investors, that were to have participated in such transaction. Transaction Fees The Management Fee will be reduced by an amount equal to 80%-100% of Transaction Fees attributable to partners not designated as “affiliated partners” by the general partner. Transaction Fees include any: directors’ fees, financial consulting fees or advisory fees paid to the general partner with respect to any Fund investment; transaction fees paid to the general partner with respect to any Fund investment; and break-up fees with respect to Fund transactions not completed that are paid to the general partner, in each case net of certain expenses (including those described below) as set forth in the Governing Documents; but not including, in any event, any amount received by the general partner, the Operations Group (or a member thereof) or any other person from a portfolio company (a) as reimbursement for expenses directly related to such portfolio company, (b) as payment for services provided to any portfolio company in the ordinary course of such portfolio company’s business, or (c) as compensation for services provided by the general partner or other person as an employee of or in a similar capacity for such portfolio company, or any fees, expenses or compensation (including fees, incentive equity, stock awards or other non- cash compensation) paid to, or received by, members of the Operations Group from a Fund or any portfolio company or prospective portfolio company and any other fees or expenses approved by the advisory board. Various costs and expenses will reduce Transaction Fees (and therefore such amounts will not reduce the Management Fee), including out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including travel expenses) incurred by the general partner in connection with any consummated or unconsummated transaction or in connection with generating any such Transaction Fees. As permitted by the Governing Documents, the Adviser will, for Fund IV, Fund IV AIV and later funds, reduce Management Fees only by the portion of Transaction Fees relating to the Fund’s investment in a particular portfolio company, and not by any portion of such Transaction Fees that are allocable to co-investors (which portion may be retained by the Adviser and/or its affiliates and/or distributed to co-investors, as determined by the Adviser and/or such co-investors). Accordingly, Fund IV, Fund IV AIV and later funds will, in most cases, only benefit from the Management Fee reduction described above with respect to its allocable portion of any such Transaction Fees and not the portion of any fees allocable to any other investor (e.g., co-investors) in a portfolio company and a general partner (or any affiliate thereof) will be permitted to receive and retain any such portion allocable to other investors. Organizational Expenses A Fund will pay or reimburse the general partner (or any affiliate thereof) for the Fund’s and its affiliated entities’ structuring, organizational, funding and startup expenses (as further set forth in the Governing Documents) (“Organizational Expenses”), including travel, lodging, meals, entertainment, printing, mailing, courier, legal, capital raising, accounting, regulatory compliance, (including initial and/or preliminary registrations, filings and compliance and other offering requirements contemplated by the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (2011/61/EU) and any related rules and legislation, including any law, rule or regulation relating to the implementation thereof in any relevant jurisdiction or any similar law, rule or regulation, including related to the United Kingdom ceasing to be part of the European Union (the “AIFMD”) and the implementation thereof, or any similar law, rule or regulation), any administrative or other filings, and other organizational expenses. As further set forth in the Governing Documents, the relevant general partner will bear the cost (through an offset against the Management Fee or otherwise) of all such organizational expenses in excess of a defined dollar amount, if any, and of any placement fees payable to any placement agent in connection with the formation of a Fund. For the avoidance of doubt, if any Fund, the relevant general partner or their respective affiliates are required to register in a particular non-U.S. jurisdiction solely in connection with the offering of interests in such Fund, or to accept subscriptions through a local broker-dealer or agent under applicable non- U.S. law, any fees, costs and expenses related thereto (including broker and agent fees) shall be treated as Organizational Expenses and shall not be treated as placement fees. Operating Executives Operating executives provide strategic advice to portfolio companies on matters such as deal sourcing, interim management, technical consulting, consolidation activities, operational improvement initiatives, human capital management, industry networking, and other similar projects. Operating executives will generally provide the Adviser and/or its managed funds with acquisition diligence or a recommendation or opinion on an aspect of a target portfolio company or a portfolio company management team member during the due diligence process or throughout the life of the investment, but operating executives do not directly participate in the Adviser’s decision-making process with regard to the acquisition or sale of the portfolio company. Operating executives are not employees, partners, or principals of, and generally do not receive material compensation from, the Adviser. Operating executives may be independent contractors or employees of current or former portfolio companies and are permitted to have business or investment activities unrelated to the Adviser. Although the Adviser may engage an operating executive during the due diligence process relating to a target portfolio company and may recommend the services of an operating executive to a portfolio company, a portfolio company’s determination of whether to engage an operating executive is made by such portfolio company in its sole discretion. Operating executives are typically compensated directly by the portfolio company to which such operating executive is providing advice; provided that the applicable Adviser-managed fund typically will bear the costs and expenses associated with an operating executive in the case where the Adviser retained such operating executive in connection with a particular transaction, but the transaction is ultimately not consummated. Any compensation paid to an operating executive may be in the form of board of directors’ fees, consulting fees, salary, expense reimbursement and profit or equity participation and does not offset management fees (or other fees) received by the Adviser or any of its affiliates. Operating executives may also be given the opportunity to invest in one or more funds managed by the Adviser, which may be in the form of an executive feeder arrangement, or other compensation. The referral of operating executives to one or more portfolio companies subjects the Adviser and/or its affiliates to potential conflicts of interest. The Adviser believes that such conflicts are mitigated by the potential cost savings to portfolio companies (which is expected to benefit the applicable Fund(s)) that will result if the cost of the operating executive is lower than market rates for the services provided and/or if the quality of operating executive services align with the Adviser’s model for the portfolio company and improve portfolio company performance. Although the Adviser seeks to refer operating executives with a view toward reducing costs and adding value to portfolio companies and, ultimately, the Funds, and/or improving portfolio company performance, a number of factors may result in limited or no cost savings from such retention. Special Consultants The Adviser, its affiliates, the Funds, and/or the portfolio companies reserve the right to, from time to time, retain other companies and individuals (collectively, “Special Consultants”), which are permitted to be affiliates of the Adviser, employees of such affiliates, portfolio companies of other investment funds managed by the Adviser or its affiliates, third party consultants (including individual consultants and external executives), Operations Group members (including operating executives) “operating partners,” “strategic partners,” “executive partners” or “senior advisors” primarily to provide services to, a Fund or any portfolio company or prospective portfolio company in connection with the identification, acquisition, holding, improvement, and/or disposition of portfolio companies, including operational aspects of such portfolio companies (“Services”). Pursuant to a Fund’s Governing Documents, compensation, fees, and reimbursement of certain expenses associated with the Services (collectively “Consulting Fees and Expenses”), will generally be paid and/or reimbursed by applicable portfolio companies or prospective portfolio companies, or directly by the Fund. Consulting Fees and Expenses are not included as “Transaction Fees” and do not reduce the Management Fee. For the avoidance of doubt, the Adviser also will not offset compensation received from outside sources, such as residual employee board seats at entities that are no longer Fund portfolio companies. Consulting Fees and Expenses include, but are not limited to, cash fees, profits or equity interests in portfolio companies, shares of proceeds upon the sale of portfolio companies, and/or other incentive-based compensation to Special Consultants, which may be determined according to one or more methods, including the value of a special Consultant’s time (including an allocation for overhead and other fixed costs), a percentage of the value of a portfolio company, the invested capital exposed to a portfolio company, amounts charged by other providers for comparable services and/or a percentage of cash flows from a portfolio company. Additionally, Special Consultants may be provided opportunities to co-invest in one or more portfolio companies. Special Consultants are authorized to have a limited partner interest (or other similar interest) or profit interest in a Fund, the general partner, other Funds or affiliates of the general partner. Although the general partner intends to retain Special Consultants with a view to reducing costs to portfolio companies (and, ultimately, the Fund) and/or otherwise improving portfolio company performance, due to a variety of factors, any such retention may result in limited cost savings, no cost savings or an increase in costs, in which case portfolio company performance may be only marginally improved or may be negatively affected, as applicable. There can be no assurance that a more qualified and/or lower cost alternative could not be obtained. In addition, portfolio companies of a Fund will, from time to time, pay Special Consultants to perform Services that, directly or indirectly, benefit the Adviser, its affiliates, other Funds and/or portfolio companies of other Funds. Consequently, in such instances the Adviser, its affiliates and/or portfolio companies of other Funds will receive Services without being charged or at reduced rates. Conversely, portfolio companies of a Fund may benefit from Services that are paid for by the Adviser, its affiliates and/or portfolio companies of other Funds. Likewise, certain other Funds may pay Special Consultants (including individual Operations Group members, including Operating Executives) to perform services that, directly or indirectly, benefit the Adviser, its affiliates, a Fund and/or portfolio companies of a Fund. There can be no assurance that a Fund or its portfolio companies will receive benefits paid for by other Funds or their portfolio companies that are commensurate to the benefits received by such other Funds and their portfolio companies that are paid for by a particular Fund or its portfolio companies. Deduction of Fees and Timing of Payment The Adviser is authorized under the Governing Documents of each Fund to charge and deduct advisory fees directly from the contributed capital and/or other assets of the applicable Fund. Management Fees are generally payable by a Fund quarterly in advance. The general partner of the Fund typically makes capital calls on investors for their pro rata share of Fund expenses (including Management Fees). Following the dissolution of a Fund, the general partner of the Fund will, in accordance with the partnership agreement, make a final determination of all items of income, gain, loss and expense. After payment or provision for payment of all liabilities and obligations of the Fund, the remaining assets, if any, will, in accordance with the partnership agreement, be distributed to investors. please register to get more info
Performance-Based Fees In addition to the compensation discussed in Item 5 – Fees and Compensation, an affiliate of the Adviser, as the general partner of a Fund, is typically eligible to receive performance-based compensation, also referred to as “carried interest.” Carried interest is equal to a percentage of the Fund’s net profits. Any performance-based compensation will be paid in accordance with Section 205(3) of the Advisers Act and the applicable rules promulgated thereunder, which specify certain qualification thresholds for clients of the Adviser being assessed such a fee. Any share of profits paid to the general partners of the Funds is separate and distinct from the Management Fees charged by the Adviser for advisory services to the Funds. Performance-based compensation is subject to individualized negotiation with the limited partners investing in each Fund. In addition to limited partners invested in the main pooled fund, the Adviser reserves the right to use side arrangements (“side-by-side funds” or “parallel funds”) to accommodate other qualified purchasers that require amendments to the partnership agreement governing the “main fund.” These parallel funds generally invest side-by-side with the main fund in each investment proportionate to their respective committed capital. Parallel investment entities are included in all references to a Fund throughout this Brochure, as appropriate. Mitigating Conflicts of Interest Associated with Carried Interest Carried interest in a Fund creates an incentive for the Adviser and the Fund’s general partner to make more speculative investments for the Fund than it would otherwise make in the absence of such performance-based compensation. However, conflicts of interest associated with carried interest are mitigated by: (a) the requirement that invested capital and related expenses be returned to investors before the general partner of a Fund becomes entitled to receive any carried interest; (b) the requirement that the general partner have a capital commitment to the Fund; and (c) a general partner claw back obligation under dissolution of the Fund. Additionally, to the extent that the Adviser has Funds with varying carried interest terms and/or Adviser personnel are assigned varying percentages of carried interest from the Funds, the Adviser and such personnel are subject to potential conflicts of interest, to the extent they are involved in identifying investment opportunities as appropriate for Funds from which they are entitled to receive a higher carried interest percentage. The Adviser seeks to address the potential for conflicts of interest in these matters with allocation policies and/or practices that provide that transactions and investment opportunities will be allocated to the Funds in accordance with each Fund’s investment guidelines and Governing Documents, as well as other factors that do not include the amount of performance-based compensation received by the Adviser or any personnel. please register to get more info
Types of Clients and Investment Vehicles As noted in Item 4 – Advisory Business, the Adviser provides discretionary investment advisory services solely to its Fund clients, which are pooled investment vehicles exempt from registration under the Investment Company Act, and references throughout this Brochure to “clients” and to the Adviser’s related duties to and practices on behalf of its clients and/or investors should be construed accordingly. The limited partners participating in the Funds generally include individuals, banks or thrift institutions, other investment entities, university endowments, sovereign wealth funds, family offices, pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates or charitable organizations or other corporations or business entities and from time to time include, directly or indirectly, principals or other employees of the Adviser and its affiliates and members of their families, operating executives or other service providers retained by the Adviser. Minimum investment commitments may be established for limited partners in the Funds. The general partner of each Fund, in its sole discretion, reserves the right to permit investments that are less than the required minimum investment commitment set forth in the applicable Governing Documents of such Fund. As discussed in Item 5 - Fees and Compensation, the relevant general partner also generally is permitted from time to time to establish Funds that are alternative investment vehicles in order to permit certain investors to participate in one or more particular investment opportunities in a manner desirable for tax, regulatory, accounting, or other reasons. Alternative investment vehicle sponsors generally have limited discretion to invest the assets of these vehicles independent of limitations or other procedures set forth in the organizational documents of such vehicles and the related Fund. Feeder Funds One or more feeder funds are permitted to be formed to facilitate an investment in a Fund by the investors in such feeder fund (each, a “Feeder Fund”). A Feeder Fund is a limited partner of the Fund whose interests in the Feeder Fund are held by the investors who elect to participate in the Fund through such Feeder Fund. As an example, business executives and operating executives may participate in a Feeder Fund to a main fund. The terms of these entities may be more or less favorable to the investors therein than the terms offered to the limited partners in a main fund and the capital commitments to these entities (and their level of participation in Fund investments) may be increased or decreased from time to time to the extent permitted by applicable Governing Documents, including in connection with an investor’s or it’s associated individual’s disassociation from the general partner or its affiliates. Multiple Funds During a Fund’s active investment period, the Adviser will pursue all appropriate investment opportunities that meet the investment criteria of the Fund principally for the benefit of the Fund, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Governing Documents. However, the Adviser manages multiple investment funds and investments similar to those in which an active Fund will be investing, and reserves the right to direct certain relevant investment opportunities to those investment funds and investments. If other investment funds are formed, the Principals and the Adviser’s investment staff will manage and monitor such investment funds and investments. The Adviser believes that the significant investment of the Principals in each Fund, as well as the Principals’ interest in the carried interest, operate to align, to some extent, the interest of the Principals with the interest of limited partner investors, although the Principals have or may have economic interests in such other investment funds and investments as well and receive management fees and carried interests relating to these interests. Such other investment funds and investments that the Principals may control or manage may compete with an active Fund or companies acquired by the Fund. New investments will be allocated in accordance with the Adviser’s allocation policies, and as set forth in Fund Governing Documents. please register to get more info
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies As discussed in Item 4 – Advisory Business, the Adviser’s primary investment strategy is making private equity investments in lower middle-market companies defined as companies with enterprise values generally in the $25 million to $450 million range. The Adviser believes that the lower middle-market offers attractive investment opportunities to experienced investors because it remains a relatively less efficient market than the mergers and acquisitions market for larger companies. This inefficiency is manifest in the valuations of smaller companies which are frequently discounted relative to larger companies within the same industry and generally receive less attention from larger, more sophisticated buy-out intermediaries. In addition, the Adviser believes that companies in this market segment are more receptive to the operational focus and strategic discipline brought by the Adviser’s active portfolio management approach which can result in meaningful improvements in company performance. The Adviser employs an investment strategy developed by its Principals during the course of their professional careers in the private equity markets. Key elements of this investment strategy are as follows: Focus on transactions in the relatively inefficient lower middle market. Seek to build and maintain a strong, well-recognized brand identity that provides a broad sourcing network of intermediaries, executives, attorneys, accountants, and consultants. Thoughtfully planned exit strategies to seek to facilitate favorable outcomes. Emphasize the Principals’ experience in the target business models. Apply a disciplined, rigorous investment and due diligence process. Target those companies that are likely to benefit from Incline’s active approach to portfolio company management. Supplement portfolio company management teams and boards of directors with experienced operating executives when believed to be necessary.
Material Investment Risks An investment in a Fund involves significant risks and should be undertaken only by prospective investors capable of evaluating and bearing such risks. Fund returns are unpredictable and, accordingly, a Fund’s investment program is not suitable as the sole investment vehicle for an investor. A prospective investor should only invest in a Fund as part of a broader overall investment strategy, and only if the prospective investor is able to withstand both extended periods of illiquidity and a total loss of its investment. Prospective investors should carefully consider, among other factors, the matters described below, each of which could have an adverse effect on the value of the limited partner interests in a Fund. Due to these factors, as well as other risks inherent in any investment, there can be no assurance that a Fund will meet its investment objectives or otherwise be able to successfully carry out its investment program. The following list is not a complete list of all risks and other considerations involved in connection with an investment in a Fund. Prospective investors should make their own inquiries and investigation, including an evaluation of the merits and risks involved and the legality and tax consequences of a Fund investment, and consult their own advisors as to a Fund, the offering of limited partner interests, and the legal, tax and related matters concerning an investment in a Fund. The risk sets outlined below are categorized according to: (a) adviser selection risks; (b) portfolio strategy risks; (c) private equity risks; (d) general investment risks; and (e) tax and regulatory risks. Clients of the Adviser, as well as investors in each Fund, should be prepared to bear losses in both principal invested and unrealized capital gains. Adviser Selection Risks Future and Past Performance; Loss of Principal - A newly formed Fund consists of entities that have no prior operating history or track record. Accordingly, a newly formed Fund does not have performance history for a prospective investor to consider. In considering the prior performance information of the other investment funds managed by the Adviser, prospective investors should understand that an investment in a new Fund does not represent an interest in any investment or investment portfolio of any other predecessor Fund. Information about the prior performance of the Adviser’s Funds is not necessarily indicative of a new Fund’s future results, and there can be no assurance that a Fund will achieve comparable results. An investor should not rely on any expectation and there can be no assurance that the risk/return profile of an investment in a new Fund will resemble that of the prior Funds sponsored by the Adviser. An investor should only invest in a Fund as part of an overall investment strategy, and only if the investor is able to withstand a total loss of its investment in the Fund. While the general partner intends for a Fund to make investments that have estimated returns commensurate with the risks undertaken, there can be no assurances that any targeted internal rate of return will be achieved. On any given investment, loss of principal is possible. Dependence on the Adviser and its Affiliates – Decisions with respect to the management of a Fund and the acquisition, management and liquidation of highly illiquid investments will be made by the Adviser and its affiliate serving as the general partner of a Fund and will be conducted in accordance with Fund Governing Documents and the Adviser’s compliance policies. Limited partner investors of a Fund generally have no right or power to take part in managing the Fund and will generally not have an opportunity to evaluate the specific investments made by the Fund or the terms of any investment. Accordingly, no investor should purchase interests in a Fund unless willing to entrust all aspects of Fund management to the Adviser and its affiliates. The success of a Fund will depend significantly on the skill and expertise of the Principals and the Adviser’s affiliates in selecting investment opportunities, negotiating appropriate terms of acquisition, managing portfolio companies, and arranging for a profitable exit strategy. The loss of key advisory personnel could have a material adverse effect on a Fund. Reliance on the General Partner - A Fund will be dependent on the general partner. Limited partners generally have no right or power to take part in the management of a Fund, and control over the operation of a Fund, including decisions with respect to structuring, negotiating and purchasing, financing and eventually divesting investments on behalf of a Fund, as control over these decisions will be vested with the general partner. Consequently, a Fund’s future profitability and investment performance will depend largely upon the business and investment acumen of the Principals. The loss or reduction of service of one or more of the Principals could have an adverse effect on a Fund’s ability to realize its investment objectives. In addition, the Principals currently, and expect in the future to, manage or advise other investments and/or investment funds and the Principals will need to devote substantial amounts of their time to the investment activities of such other investments and/or funds, which will pose conflicts of interest in the allocation of the time of the Principals. In addition, certain changes in the general partner or circumstances relating to the general partner may have an adverse effect on a Fund or one or more of its portfolio companies, including potential acceleration of debt facilities. Limited partners are reminded that the composition of the professionals making up particular industry sector investment teams change over time, and the professionals included in such teams and who have contributed to the past performance of any prior Incline Funds may no longer be members of the particular team or serve in the same or similar roles thereon (or may no longer be with Incline, or may leave such team or Incline during the life of a Fund). Furthermore, there can be no assurance that a Fund’s investments will achieve results similar to those attained by previous investments of the Principals. In addition, a Fund’s investments may differ from previous investments made by the Principals in a number of respects, including target return levels, level of risk associated with a particular investment, amount invested in a particular company, types of companies within a particular industry sector, amount of leverage used, structure and holding period. Reliance on Portfolio Company Management - The success of many of a Fund’s portfolio companies is heavily dependent on the management of such companies. Each portfolio company’s day-to-day operations will be the responsibility of such company’s management team. Additionally, the general partner will generally establish the capital structure of companies in which a Fund invests based on the financial projections for such companies, which will contain significant judgment and input from the portfolio company management team. Although the general partner will be responsible for monitoring the performance of each portfolio investment and a Fund generally intends to invest in companies with strong management or recruit strong management to such companies, there can be no assurance that the existing management team, or any successor, will be able or willing to successfully operate a company in accordance with a Fund’s objectives. Portfolio companies will need to attract, retain, and develop executives and members of their management teams. The market for executive talent can be extremely competitive. There can be no assurance that the management team of a portfolio company on the date a portfolio investment is made will remain the same or continue to be affiliated with the company throughout the period the portfolio company’s holding period. There can be no assurance that portfolio companies will be able to attract, develop, integrate, and retain suitable members of its management team and, as a result, a Fund may be adversely affected. Limited Access to Information - A limited partners’ rights to information regarding a Fund will be specified, and strictly limited, in the Partnership Agreement. In particular, it is anticipated that the general partner will obtain certain types of material information from or relating to portfolio investments that will not be disclosed to limited partners because such disclosure is prohibited for contractual, legal or similar obligations outside of the general partner’s control, or because of other reasons. Decisions by the general partner to withhold information may have adverse consequences for limited partners in a variety of circumstances. For example, a limited partner that seeks to transfer its limited partner interest in a Fund may have difficulty in determining an appropriate price for such interest. Decisions to withhold information also may make it difficult for a limited partner to monitor the general partner and the general partner’s performance. Additionally, it is anticipated that the limited partners who designate representatives to participate on an Advisory Board may, by virtue of such participation, have more information about a Fund and its portfolio investments in certain circumstances than other limited partners generally and may be disseminated information in advance of communication to other limited partners generally. Possibility of Fraud or Other Misconduct of Employees and Service Providers - Misconduct by (a) the Adviser’s employees, (b) portfolio company directors, officers, or employees, and (c) service providers to the foregoing and/or their respective affiliates could undermine the due diligence efforts of a Fund and/or the general partner and cause significant losses to a Fund. Misconduct may include entering into transactions without authorization, the failure to comply with operational and risk procedures, including due diligence procedures, misrepresentations as to investments being considered by a Fund, the improper use or disclosure of confidential or material non-public information, which could result in litigation or serious financial harm, including limiting a Fund’s business prospects or future marketing activities, and non-compliance with applicable laws or regulations (and the concealing of any of the foregoing). Such activities may result in reputational damage, litigation, business disruption, market or industry segment volatility and/or financial losses to a Fund. The Adviser has controls and procedures through which it seeks to minimize the risk of such misconduct occurring; however, no assurances can be given that such misconduct will be identified or prevented. Portfolio Strategy Risks Illiquid and Long-Term Investments – There is no public market for all or most of the securities held by a Fund. A Fund will generally not be able to sell its securities publicly unless their sale is registered under applicable securities laws, or unless an exemption from registration is available. Practical limitations, unfavorable market conditions, and/or contractual restrictions may inhibit, for an indefinite period of time, a Fund’s ability to liquidate its investments in portfolio companies. The expenses of operating a Fund may exceed its income, with the difference having to be paid from investor capital. Losses on unsuccessful investments in portfolio companies may be realized before gains on successful investments are realized. Although investments made by the Fund may occasionally generate nominal current income, the return of capital and realization of capital gains, if any, from a Fund investment generally will occur only upon the partial or complete sale of portfolio companies in the Fund. Although a portfolio company in the Fund could be sold at any time, it is expected that the sale of most Fund assets will not occur for a number of years following acquisition. No Assurance of Investment Return – The Adviser cannot provide assurance that it will be able to profitably source, acquire, manage, and/or monetize Fund investments in any particular company or portfolio of companies. There can be no assurance that a Fund will be able to generate returns for its investors or that the returns will offset the risks of investing in the type of companies and transactions set forth in its Governing Documents. Accordingly, an investment in a Fund should only be considered by investors who can afford a loss of their entire investment. Past activities of investment entities associated with the Adviser, its Principals, and affiliates provide no assurance of future success. Uncertainty of Projections - A Fund may use financial projections to help analyze a potential investment or future capital raises and financing for portfolio companies or other transactions. Projected operating results of a company in which a Fund invests normally will be based primarily on financial projections prepared by such company’s management, with adjustments to such projections made by the general partner in its discretion. In all cases, projections are only estimates of future results that are based upon information received from the company and third parties and assumptions made at the time the projections are developed. Also, general economic factors, which are not predictable, can have a material effect on the reliability of projections. The inaccuracy of certain assumptions, the failure to satisfy certain financial requirements and the occurrence of other unforeseen events could impair the ability of a portfolio company to realize projected values. There can be no assurance that the results set forth in any projections will be attained, and actual results may be significantly different from projections. Valuations - It is difficult to determine the true fair market value of private company securities. While information presented to a Fund by the Adviser is done in good faith and in accordance with the Adviser’s written valuation policies and procedures, there can be no assurance that explicit or implicit valuations of a Fund’s current or prospective private company securities, as periodically reported to investors, will reflect the ultimate fair market value of a particular asset or portfolio of assets. Risks upon Disposition of Investments – Upon the sale or liquidation of an investment in a portfolio company or the completion of a successful initial public offering of the securities issued by a portfolio company, a Fund may be required to make (and/or be responsible for another person’s or entity’s breach of) representations and warranties, e.g., about the business and financial affairs of the portfolio company, the condition of its assets and the extent of its liabilities, or assume responsibility for the contents of disclosure documents under applicable securities laws. A Fund may be required to indemnify the buyers of such investments or underwriters of the securities of a portfolio company, to the extent that any such representations or disclosure documents involve material inaccuracies. These arrangements would result in contingent liabilities for a Fund. Governing Documents may contain provisions stating that a limited partner may be required to return distributions received from a Fund for purposes of meeting its ratable share of the Fund’s indemnity or other obligations in an amount not exceeding a defined percentage of such limited partner’s capital commitment to the Fund. Concentration of Investments; Lack of Diversification; Reliance on Portfolio Company Management – A Fund will invest in a limited number of investments. Therefore, the total return of a Fund may be adversely affected by the negative performance of relatively few investments. A Fund generally cannot invest more than 20-25% of its aggregate capital commitments in a single portfolio company (including its direct or indirect subsidiaries and guarantees) and will likely participate in a limited number of overall investments. If a Fund co-invests with another Fund, a limited partner invested in such other fund would have exposure to a single portfolio company through more than one fund, potentially multiplying such limited partner’s losses. Given the Principals’ experience in certain core industries and the structural requirements of operating a Fund, a Fund may seek to make investments in a single industry segment, in a limited geographic area, in a single asset type and/or within a short period of time, which could create the conditions for a portfolio of investments that exhibit, amongst themselves, a very high degree of correlated returns. A such, a Fund’s investment portfolio could become highly concentrated, and the performance of a few holdings or of a particular industry, or the timing of a Fund’s investments, may substantially affect a Fund’s aggregate return. In addition to the foregoing, because a Fund may only make a limited number of investments and such investments generally will involve a high degree of risk, poor performance by even a single investment could severely affect total returns. If certain investments perform unfavorably, then for a Fund to achieve above-average returns, one or a few of its investments must perform very well, and there can be no assurances that this will be the case. The Adviser regularly monitors portfolio company performance. However, it is primarily the responsibility of portfolio company management to operate a portfolio company on a day-to-day basis and there is no assurance that management will perform in accordance with the Adviser’s expectations. Some portfolio companies will depend for their success on the management talents and efforts of one person or a small group of persons whose death, disability or resignation would adversely affect the business. To mitigate these risks, the Adviser will not generally recommend investment of more than 20-25% of aggregate Fund capital commitments in any one company. Impacts of Excuse or Exclusion - A limited partner’s participation in a Fund’s investments may be limited by virtue of the general partner’s right to exclude a limited partner from, or a limited partner’s right to be excused from, participating in certain of a Fund’s investments as set forth in the Governing Documents, thereby increasing the participation of other limited partners. Due to one or more limited partners being excused or excluded or other factors limiting their participation in investments, the aggregate returns realized by the participating limited partners could be adversely affected in a material manner by the unfavorable performance of even one investment by the Fund. Unspecified Investments. Investors will be relying on the ability of the relevant Fund’s general partner to locate and evaluate the investments to be made by the Fund. The activity of identifying, structuring, completing and realizing private equity investments involves a high degree of uncertainty and is subject in some cases to the prevailing capital market, regulatory or political environment. There can be no assurance that the general partner will be able to locate, or the Fund will be able to complete, portfolio investments that satisfy the Fund’s rate of return objectives or, if completed, realize such investments for fair or attractive values or that the Fund will be able fully to invest its committed capital. Leveraged Investments; Borrowing - A Fund may make use of leverage by compelling a portfolio company incur debt to finance a portion of its investment in such portfolio company, including in respect of companies not rated by credit agencies. Leverage generally magnifies both a Fund’s opportunities for gain and its risk of loss from a particular investment, while the magnification of the risk of loss may be substantial. The cost and availability of leverage is highly dependent on the state of the broader credit markets, which may be impacted by regulatory restrictions and guidelines and which are difficult to accurately forecast. At times it may be difficult to obtain or maintain the desired degree of leverage. The availability of leverage also is subject to governmental and regulatory oversight, and certain governmental bodies (including the U.S. Federal Reserve System, the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) may restrict or otherwise discourage lending that results in companies carrying large amounts of debt. The use of leverage may impose restrictive financial and operating covenants on a company, in addition to the burden of debt service, and may impair its ability to operate its business as desired and/or finance future operations and capital needs. The leveraged capital structure of portfolio companies will increase the exposure of a Fund’s investments to any deterioration in a company’s condition or industry, competitive pressures, an adverse economic environment, or rising interest rates and could accelerate and magnify declines in the value of a Fund’s investments in the leveraged portfolio companies in a down market. If a portfolio company cannot generate adequate cash flow to meet its debt service, a Fund may suffer a partial or total loss of capital invested in the portfolio company, which could adversely affect the returns of the Fund. Additionally, lenders would typically have a claim that has priority over any claim by a Fund to the assets of such portfolio company in an insolvency event or proceeding. Should the credit markets be limited or costly at the time a Fund determines that it is desirable to sell all or a part of a portfolio company, a Fund may not achieve an exit multiple or enterprise valuation consistent with its forecasts. If a portfolio company is unable to obtain favorable financing terms for its investments, refinance its indebtedness or maintain a desired or optimal amount of financial leverage, a Fund may hold a larger than expected equity investment in such portfolio company and may realize lower than expected returns from the portfolio company that would adversely affect the Fund’s ability to generate attractive investment returns for the Fund as a whole. Any failure by lenders to provide previously committed financing could also expose a Fund to potential claims by sellers of businesses which a Fund may have been contracted to purchase. A Fund may also borrow money or guaranty indebtedness (such as a guaranty of a portfolio company’s debt, a letter of credit or other forms of promise to provide funding) or otherwise be liable therefor, and in such situations, it is not expected that a Fund would be compensated for providing such guarantee or exposure to such liability. Any use of leverage by a Fund will typically result in interest expense and other costs to the Fund that may exceed or otherwise not be covered by distributions made to the Fund or appreciation of its investments. While Fund-level borrowings generally will be interim in nature, asset-level leverage generally will not be subject to any limitations regarding the amount of time such leverage may remain outstanding. A Fund may incur leverage on a joint and several basis with one or more other investment funds and/or other entities managed by or otherwise affiliated with the general partner or any of its affiliates and, in connection with incurring such indebtedness, the general partner reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to cause a Fund to enter into one or more agreements to obtain a right of contribution, subrogation or reimbursement from or against such entities. However, it is possible that, if a Fund were to seek to enforce any such right, any such entity could default on its obligation and/or such right may otherwise be unenforceable. In addition, to the extent a Fund incurs leverage or provides any guaranty, such amounts may be secured by the capital commitments of the Fund’s investors and other Fund assets. The inability of a Fund to repay any leverage secured by the capital commitments of the Fund’s investors could enable a lender to issue a capital call on behalf of the general partner of the Fund. Subscription Lines - A Fund may enter into a subscription line with one or more lenders in order to finance its operations (including the acquisition of the Fund’s investments). Fund-level borrowing subjects limited partners to certain risks and costs. For example, because amounts borrowed under a subscription line typically are secured by pledges of the relevant general partner’s right to call capital from the limited partners, limited partners may be obligated to contribute capital on an accelerated basis if the Fund fails to repay the amounts borrowed under a subscription line or experiences an event of default thereunder. Moreover, any limited partner claim against the Fund would likely be subordinate to the Fund’s obligations to a subscription line’s creditors. In addition, Fund-level borrowing will result in incremental partnership expenses that will be borne by investors. These expenses typically include interest on the amounts borrowed, unused commitment fees on the committed but unfunded portion of a subscription line, an upfront fee for establishing a subscription line, and other one-time and recurring fees and/or expenses, as well as legal fees relating to the establishment and negotiation of the terms of the borrowing facility. Because a subscription line’s interest rate is typically based in part on the creditworthiness of the relevant Fund’s limited partners and the terms of the Governing Documents, it may be higher than the interest rate a limited partner could obtain individually. To the extent a particular limited partner’s cost of capital is lower than the Fund’s cost of borrowing, Fund-level borrowing can negatively impact a limited partner’s overall individual financial returns even if it increases the Fund’s reported net returns in certain methods of calculation. Conflicts of interest have the potential to arise in that the use of Fund-level borrowing typically delays the need for limited partners to make contributions to a Fund, which in certain circumstances enhances the relevant Fund’s internal rate of return calculations and thereby may be deemed to benefit the marketing efforts of the general partner and its affiliates. Conflicts of interest also have the potential to arise to the extent that a subscription line is used to make an investment that is later sold in part to co- investors, as to the extent co-investors are not required to act as guarantors under the relevant facility or pay related costs or expenses, co-investors nevertheless stand to receive the benefit of the use of the subscription line and neither the relevant Fund nor investors generally will be compensated for providing the relevant guarantee(s) or being subject to the related costs, expenses and/or liabilities. A credit agreement may contain other terms that restrict the activities of a Fund and the limited partners or impose additional obligations on them. For example, a subscription line may impose restrictions on the relevant general partner’s ability to consent to the transfer of a limited partner’s interest in the Fund. In addition, in order to secure a subscription line, the relevant general partner may request certain financial information and other documentation from limited partners to share with lenders. The general partner will have significant discretion in negotiating the terms of any subscription line and may agree to terms that are not the most favorable to one or more limited partners. Fund-level borrowing involves a number of additional risks. For example, drawing down on a subscription line allows the general partner to fund investments and pay partnership expenses without calling capital, potentially for extended periods of time. Calling a large amount of capital at once to repay the then-current amount outstanding under a subscription line could cause short- term liquidity concerns for limited partners that would not arise had the relevant general partner called smaller amounts of capital incrementally over time as needed by a Fund. This risk would be heightened for a limited partner with commitments to other funds that employ similar borrowing strategies or with respect to other leveraged assets in its portfolio; a single market event could trigger simultaneous capital calls, requiring the limited partner to meet the accumulated, larger capital calls at the same time. A Fund may also utilize Fund-level borrowing when the general partner expects to repay the amount outstanding through means other than limited partner capital, including as a bridge for equity or debt capital with respect to an investment. If the Fund ultimately is unable to repay the borrowings through those other means, limited partners would end up with increased exposure to the underlying investment, which could result in greater losses. Lack of Unilateral Control - Even if a Fund is the majority investor or controlling shareholder, as applicable, of a portfolio company, in certain circumstances it may not have unilateral control of the portfolio company. To the extent the Fund invests alongside third parties, such as institutional co-investors or private equity funds of other sponsors, or makes a minority investment, the relevant portfolio companies may be controlled or influenced by persons who have economic or business interests, investment or operational goals, tax strategies or other considerations that differ from or are inconsistent with those of the Funds or their limited partners. Such third parties may be in a position to take action contrary to the Fund’s business, tax or other interests, and the Fund may not be in a position to limit such contrary actions or otherwise protect the value of its investment. When taking non-control positions, a Fund generally will seek to negotiate certain negative controls and veto rights on major decisions, but there can be no assurance that a Fund will be able to control the timing or occurrence of an exit strategy for such portfolio companies in a manner that maximizes or protects value. Changes in Investment Focus - A Fund is not restricted in terms of the percentage of its capital that can be invested in a particular industry. While a Fund’s Governing Documents contain a description of the types of investments that the Adviser has historically made and information about the Adviser’s expectations with respect to a Fund, many factors may contribute to changes in emphasis in the construction of the portfolio, including changes in market or economic conditions or regulation as they affect various industries and changes in the political or social situations in particular countries. There can be no assurance that the investment portfolio of a Fund will resemble the portfolio of any prior Fund sponsored by the Adviser. Private Equity Risks Business Risks - A Fund’s investment portfolio is expected to consist primarily of securities issued by privately held companies, and operating results in a specified period will be difficult to predict. Such investments involve a high degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial losses. No Market for Limited Partner Interests in Funds; Restrictions on Transfer; No Right of Withdrawal –Limited partner interests in a Fund may not generally be transferred, sold, assigned, pledged or otherwise encumbered without the prior written consent of the general partner, which may be withheld pursuant to the Partnership Agreement, and the volume of transfers permitted in any calendar year may be restricted in order to comply with certain safe harbors under the tax regulations promulgated under the Code. Voluntary withdrawals from a Fund will not be permitted except in very limited circumstances generally involving situations where retaining an interest in a Fund would violate certain laws or regulations. In addition, interests in a Fund are not redeemable. There will be no public market for interests in a Fund, and none is expected to develop. Interests in a Fund have not been registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Securities Act”), the securities laws of any U.S. state or the securities laws of any non-U.S. jurisdiction and therefore cannot be resold unless they are subsequently registered under the Securities Act and other applicable securities laws, or unless an exemption from registration is available. It is not contemplated that registration of the interests in a Fund will ever be effected. Limited partners may not be able to liquidate their investments prior to the end of a Fund’s term and must be prepared to bear the risks of an investment in a Fund for an extended period of time. Significant Adverse Consequences for Default – Governing Documents provide for significant adverse consequences in the event a limited partner defaults on its commitment or any other payment obligation. In addition to losing its right to potential distributions from a Fund, a defaulting limited partner may be forced to transfer its interest in a Fund for an amount that is less than the fair market value of such interest and that may be paid over a long period of time, without interest. Whether and how to exercise the general partner’s remedies against a defaulting limited partner will be in the sole discretion of the general partner, and the general partner reserves the right to require the non-defaulting limited partners to contribute capital to make up for the shortfall created by such defaulting limited partner. Failure to Make Capital Contributions - If a limited partner fails to pay when due installments of its commitment to a Fund, and the contributions made by non-defaulting limited partners and borrowings by a Fund are inadequate to cover the defaulted amount, a Fund may be unable to pay its obligations when due. As a result, a Fund may be subjected to significant penalties that could materially adversely affect the returns to the limited partners (including non-defaulting limited partners). Dilution from Subsequent Closings - Limited partners admitted or that increase their respective commitments to a Fund at subsequent closings generally will participate in then–existing investments of the Fund, thereby diluting the interests of existing limited partners in such investments. Although a new limited partner will be required to contribute its pro rata share of previously made capital contributions, there can be no assurance that this contribution will reflect the fair value of the Fund’s existing investments at the time of such contributions. Transfer by General Partner - To the extent the general partner, its partners, including the Principals, and/or their respective affiliates commit to make a direct or indirect investment in or along-side a Fund, a participation in or a portion of such investment may thereafter be transferred to others, subject to any express limitations noted in the Governing Documents. Recycling; Reinvestment - In accordance with the Governing Documents, the general partner generally has the right to recall certain capital returned or distributed by a Fund to the partners, including to make additional investments. Accordingly, during the term of a Fund, a partner may be required to make capital contributions in excess of its commitment (with certain limitations), and to the extent such recalled or retained amounts are reinvested in investments, a partner will remain subject to investment and other risks associated with such investments. Reserves - As is customary in the industry, the general partner reserves the right to establish reserves for investments by a Fund, operating expenses of a Fund, Fund liabilities and other matters. Estimating the appropriate amount of such reserves is difficult. Inadequate or excessive reserves could impair the investment returns to the limited partners. If reserves are inadequate, a Fund may be unable to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities or may not be able to pay its liabilities or expenses as they come due. If reserves for liabilities or expenses are excessive, a Fund may decline attractive investment opportunities. Fees and Expenses - A Fund will pay and bear all expenses related to its operations, including Management Fees and the costs of holding, monitoring, maintaining, and disposing of portfolio companies, including investment banking fees, and consulting fees, whether or not a Fund makes any profits. While it is difficult to predict the future expenses of a Fund, such expenses may be substantial and may surpass a Fund’s operating income. The amount of these partnership expenses will reduce the actual returns realized by limited partners on their investment in a Fund (and may, in certain circumstances, reduce the amount of capital available to be deployed by a Fund for investments). Fund expenses include recurring and regular items, as well as extraordinary expenses for which it may be hard to budget or forecast. As a result, the amount of a Fund’s expenses ultimately called or called at any one time may exceed expectations. Investments Longer than Term - A Fund may make investments that may not be advantageously disposed of prior to the date a Fund is dissolved, either by expiration of a Fund’s term or otherwise, or the Fund’s term may be extended to facilitate the wind-down of the Fund. Although the general partner generally expects that investments will be disposed of prior to dissolution or be suitable for in-kind distribution at dissolution, the general partner has a limited ability to extend the term of a Fund, and the Fund may have to sell, distribute, or otherwise dispose of investments at a disadvantageous time due to dissolution. If such investments are held in trust, the trust will incur operating and formation expenses. In addition, there can be no assurances as to the timeframe in which the winding-up and final distribution of proceeds to the limited partners will occur. Follow-on Investments – A Fund may be called upon to make additional “follow-on” investments in a portfolio company after the Fund’s initial investment. Follow-on investments are made in portfolio companies to facilitate their growth and represent an incremental capital commitment by the Fund. The Adviser may deem these investments to be appropriate to improve the performance of a particular Fund asset or to increase the exposure of the Fund to the particular company. However, there can be no assurance that a Fund will wish to make follow-on investments or that it will have sufficient funds to do so. Any decision by a Fund to decline a follow-on investment, for whatever reason, may have a substantial negative impact on a portfolio company in need of such an investment and may diminish the Fund’s ability to influence the portfolio company’s future development. Under no circumstances will the Fund increase its exposure to a portfolio company beyond 20-25% of aggregate capital commitments. Investment in Restructurings – A Fund may invest in restructurings of existing portfolio companies that are experiencing financial difficulties or that require an alternative capital structure to compete in their business sector. A Fund may also invest in companies that have already experienced financial difficulties and appear to provide an attractive entry point for the Fund. These financial difficulties may never be overcome and may cause such companies to become subject to bankruptcy or other liquidation proceedings. These investments could subject a Fund to potential liabilities that may exceed the value of the Fund’s original investment. For instance, under certain circumstances, payments to a Fund (and related distributions made to its limited partners) by a distressed portfolio company may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment, or similar transaction under applicable anti-fraud, bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Investments in restructurings also may be adversely affected by statutes relating to, among others, lender liability and the court’s discretionary power to disallow, subordinate or disenfranchise particular claims. Bridge Investments – A Fund may provide bridge financing for one or more of its investments. While such securities are outstanding, a Fund will bear the risk of changes in the capital markets that may adversely affect the ability of a portfolio company to refinance bridge investments with a third party. If the portfolio company cannot complete a refinancing of the bridge loan, for example, a Fund may have a long-term investment in a junior security or the security may have issuer conversion features which reduce its seniority to other securities in the portfolio company’s capital structure. Aggregate borrowings are generally subject to a cap calculated as a percentage of aggregate commitments and undrawn commitments. Investment in Junior Securities – The securities in which a Fund will invest may be among the most junior in a portfolio company’s capital structure and, thus, subject to the greatest risk of loss. Generally, there will be no collateral to protect a Fund’s investment once made. Non-Controlling Investments – A Fund may hold a non-controlling interest in certain portfolio companies and, therefore, may have a limited ability to protect its position in such portfolio companies. As a condition to investment in a portfolio company, it is expected that appropriate rights will be sought by the general partner to protect a Fund’s interests although there is no guarantee or assurance to Fund investors that such rights will be obtained. Distributions in Kind. Although, under normal circumstances, prior to the termination of a Fund, the Adviser intends to make distributions in cash or marketable securities, it is possible that under certain circumstances (including the winding-up of a Fund), distributions of investments for which there is no readily available public market and/or which may be subject to substantial restrictions on sale or transfer may be made in-kind. It may be difficult for limited partners to liquidate the investments received at a price or within a time period that is determined thereby to be ideal, and significant administrative burden may be involved. After a distribution of investments is made, the recipients may decide to liquidate such investments within a short period of time, which could have an adverse impact on the price of such investments. Limited partners in receipt of a distributed investment will have no guidance from the relevant Fund or general partner with respect to disposition of such investment (including timing of such disposition). The price at which such investments may be sold by such limited partners may be lower than the value of such investments determined pursuant to the Governing Documents, including the value used to determine the amount of carried interest accruing to the general partner with respect to such investment. In addition, the direct holding of certain investments may subject the holder to suit or taxes in jurisdictions in which such investments are located. Indemnification – A Fund will be required to indemnify the Adviser and its affiliate acting as the general partner, their affiliates and each of their respective members, officers, directors, employees, stockholders, shareholders, partners and other persons who serve at the request of the general partner on behalf of the Fund, for liabilities incurred in connection with the affairs of the Fund. Members of any limited partner advisory board that have been appointed by the general partner of a Fund also will generally be entitled to the benefit of certain indemnification and exculpation provisions as set forth in the partnership agreement. Liabilities resulting from such indemnification obligations may be material. The indemnification obligation of a Fund would be payable from the assets of the Fund, including the unpaid capital commitments of the limited partners. If the assets of a Fund are insufficient, the general partner of the Fund may recall distributions previously made to the limited partners, subject to certain limits set forth in the partnership agreement. Risk Arising from Provision of Management Assistance – A Fund will use its reasonable best efforts to structure its investments to qualify as a “venture capital operating company” (a “VCOC”) within the meaning of regulations promulgated under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). This structure is designed to ensure that the equity participation of ERISA investors in a Fund is not “significant” within the meaning of the Plan Assets Regulation issued by the Department of Labor. To qualify as a VCOC requires that a Fund obtain directly and by contract the rights to participate substantially in, and to influence substantially the conduct of the management of, a majority (valued at cost) of the Fund’s investments. A Fund typically will name one or more directors to serve on the boards of directors of portfolio companies or will receive observer rights on such boards. Naming representatives and other measures could expose the assets of a Fund to claims by a portfolio company, its security holders and creditors, including claims the Fund is a controlling person and thus is liable for securities laws violations of such portfolio company. While the general partner will seek to minimize Fund exposure to any such risks, the possibility of successful claims cannot be precluded. Risks in Effecting Operating Improvements - In some cases, the success of a Fund’s investment strategy will depend, in part, on the ability of a Fund to effect improvements in the operations of a portfolio company. The activity of identifying and implementing operating improvements at portfolio companies entails a high degree of uncertainty. In addition, executing operational improvements can divert the attention of key personnel and disrupt normal business. There can be no assurance that a Fund will be able to successfully identify and implement such improvements or that any such successfully implemented improvements will result in a return on invested capital with respect to such portfolio company. Risks Relating to Due Diligence of and Conduct at Portfolio Companies; Expedited Transactions- Before making investments, the general partner will typically conduct such due diligence as it deems reasonable and appropriate based on the facts and circumstances applicable to each investment. Due diligence may entail evaluation of important and complex business, financial, tax, accounting, technical, environmental, regulatory, and legal issues. Outside consultants, legal advisors, accountants, investment banks and other third parties may be involved in the due diligence process to varying degrees depending on the type of investment and the facts and circumstances related thereto and the general partner is permitted to rely on the advice received from such third parties. Investment analyses and decisions by the general partner will often be undertaken on an expedited basis for a Fund to take advantage of investment opportunities and/or consummate investments. In such cases, the information available to the general partner at the time of an investment decision may be limited, and the general partner may not have access to the detailed information necessary for a full evaluation of the investment opportunity. The due diligence investigation carried out with respect to any investment opportunity will not reveal or highlight all relevant facts that may be necessary or helpful in evaluating such investment opportunity. Moreover, such an investigation will not necessarily result in an investment being successful or even ensure a return on invested capital. Control Person Liability - A Fund is expected to have controlling interests in many of its portfolio companies. The exercise of control over a company may impose additional risks of liability for environmental damage, product defects, pension and other fringe benefits, failure to supervise management, violation of laws and governmental regulations (including securities laws and regulations) and other types of liability, for which the limited liability generally afforded to investors may be ignored. If determined to be a direct owner or operator of any of the portfolio company’s facilities or operations, a Fund could face strict, joint and several liability under environmental laws for hazardous substance or contamination-related liabilities. If any such liabilities were to arise, a Fund might suffer significant losses. While the general partner intends to manage a Fund in a manner that will minimize the exposure of these risks, the possibility of successful claims against a Fund and/or its affiliates cannot be precluded. Director Liability – The general partner expects that a Fund will often seek to obtain the right to appoint one or more representatives to the board of directors (or similar governing body) of the companies in which it invests (each, a “Board Representative”). In those instances where a Fund is not the sole shareholder of the applicable portfolio company, a Board Representative may have duties to persons other than a Fund. Serving on the board of directors (or similar governing body) of a portfolio company exposes the Board Representative, and ultimately a Fund, to potential liability. Not all portfolio companies may obtain insurance with respect to such liability, and the insurance that portfolio companies do obtain may be insufficient to adequately protect against such liability. In addition, involvement in litigation can be time consuming for such persons and can divert the attention of such persons from a Fund’s investment activities. Litigation - The transactional nature of the business of a Fund exposes the Fund, the general partner, and their respective affiliates generally to the risk of third-party litigation. In the ordinary course of its business, a Fund may be subject to litigation from time to time. Under the Governing Documents, a Fund will generally be responsible for indemnifying the general partner and certain of its affiliates for costs they incur with respect to such litigation not covered by insurance. The outcome of litigation proceedings may materially adversely affect the value of a Fund and may continue without resolution for long periods of time. Additional regulation could also increase the risks of third-party litigation. Any litigation may consume substantial amounts of the general partner’s and the Principals’ time and attention, and that time and the devotion of these resources to litigation may, at times, be disproportionate to the amounts at stake in the litigation. Unfunded Pension Liabilities of Portfolio Companies - Certain court decisions have found that, where an investment fund owns 80% or more (or under certain circumstances less than 80%) of a portfolio company, such fund (and any other 80%-owned portfolio companies of such fund) might be found liable for certain pension liabilities of such a portfolio company to the extent the portfolio company is unable to satisfy such liabilities. Although a Fund intends to manage its investments to minimize any such exposure, a Fund may, from time to time, invest in a portfolio company that has unfunded pension fund liabilities, including structuring the investment in a manner where the Fund may own an 80% or greater interest in such a portfolio company. If a Fund (or other 80%- owned portfolio companies of a Fund) were deemed to be liable for such pension liabilities, this could have a material adverse effect on the operations of the Fund and the companies in which the Fund invests. Liability of Limited Partners - Generally, a limited partner should not be personally liable for the debts of a Fund except that, in the event a Fund is otherwise unable to meet its obligations, the limited partners may, under applicable law, be obligated to repay amounts previously received by them to the extent such amounts are deemed to have been wrongfully distributed to them, subject to certain limitations set forth in the Governing Documents. In addition, any partner’s commitment is susceptible to risk of loss because of any liability of a Fund irrespective of whether such liability is attributable to an investment to which such partner did not contribute any capital. Hedging Arrangements; Related Regulations - The general partner may (but is not obligated to) endeavor to manage a Fund’s or any portfolio company’s currency exposures, interest rate exposures or other exposures, using hedging techniques where available and appropriate. A Fund may incur costs related to such hedging arrangements, which may be undertaken in exchange- traded or over-the-counter (“OTC”) contexts, including futures, forwards, swaps, options, and other instruments. There can be no assurance that adequate hedging arrangements will be available on an economically viable basis or that such hedging arrangements will achieve the desired effect, and in some cases hedging arrangements may result in losses greater than if hedging had not been used. In some cases, particularly in OTC contexts, hedging arrangements will subject a Fund to the risk of a counterparty’s inability or refusal to perform under a hedging contract, or the potential loss of assets held by a counterparty, custodian, or intermediary in connection with such hedging. OTC contracts may expose a Fund to additional liquidity risks if such contracts cannot be adequately settled. Certain hedging arrangements may create for the general partner and/or one of its affiliates an obligation to register with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) or other regulator or comply with an applicable exemption. Losses may result to the extent that the CFTC or other regulator imposes position limits or other regulatory requirements on such hedging arrangements, including under circumstances where the ability of a Fund or a portfolio company to hedge its exposures becomes limited by such requirements. Competitive Investment Environment – Private equity investing involves a significant degree of uncertainty. The business of identifying, structuring and completing private equity transactions is highly competitive. The Adviser will compete with strategic buyers and other investors, including other private equity funds, hedge funds, direct investment firms, industrial groups, and merchant banks for investment opportunities. Over the past several years, an ever-increasing number of private equity funds have been or are being formed, and many existing funds have grown in size. Additional funds with similar investment objectives likely will be formed in the future by other unrelated parties. Some of these competitors may have more relevant experience, greater financial resources, a greater willingness to take on risk, and/or more personnel than the general partner, the Funds, and their affiliates. The general partner expects that competition for appropriate investment opportunities may increase, which may also require a Fund to participate in auctions, the outcome of which cannot be guaranteed, thus reducing the number of investment opportunities available to a Fund, and/or adversely affecting the terms upon which portfolio investments can be made. To the extent that a Fund encounters competition for investments, returns to limited partners may decrease. In addition, it is possible that a Fund will never be fully invested if enough sufficiently attractive investments are not identified and consummated. Regardless of the extent to which the capital commitment of a Fund’s limited partners are invested (or drawn down to be invested), the limited partners will be required to bear Management Fees through a Fund during the Investment Period based on the entire amount of the limited partners’ commitments and other expenses as set forth in the Governing Documents. Illiquidity; Lack of Current Distributions. An investment in a Fund should be viewed as an illiquid investment. It is uncertain as to when profits, if any, will be realized. Losses on unsuccessful investments may be realized before gains on successful investments are realized. A Fund’s ability to dispose of investments may be limited for several reasons. Illiquidity may result from the absence of an established market for the investments, as well as legal, contractual or other restrictions on their resale by the Fund. Dispositions of investments may be subject to contractual and other limitations on transfer or other restrictions that would interfere with subsequent sales of such investments or adversely affect the terms that could be obtained upon any disposition thereof. In addition, the ability to exit an investment through the public markets will depend upon favorable market conditions, including receptiveness to initial or secondary public offerings for the companies in which a Fund invests and an active mergers and acquisitions (or recapitalizations and reorganizations) market. Public offering, merger and acquisition and recapitalization and reorganization opportunities may be limited or non-existent for extended periods of time, whether due to economic, regulatory or other factors. In view of these limitations on liquidity, a Fund generally will not be able to return capital or realize gains, if any, on an investment in a privately- held entity until the partial or complete disposition of such entity. While an investment may be disposed of at any time, it is generally expected that this will not occur for a number of years after the initial investment. Before such time, there may be no current return on the investment. Furthermore, the expenses of operating a Fund (including the management fee payable to the Adviser) may exceed its income, thereby requiring that the difference be paid from the Fund’s capital, including, without limitation, unfunded commitments. Over-Commitment – In order to facilitate the acquisition of a portfolio company, a Fund may make (or commit to make) an investment in such company with a view to selling a portion of such investment to co-investors or other persons prior to or within a brief period after the closing of the acquisition. In such event, a Fund will bear the risk that any or all of the excess portion of such investment may not be sold or may only be sold on unattractive terms and that, as a consequence, a Fund may bear the entire portion of any breakup fee or other fees, costs and expenses related to such investment, hold a larger than expected investment in such portfolio company or may realize lower than expected returns from such investment. Agreements with Certain Investors – A Fund or the general partner reserves the right to enter into a side letter or other similar agreement with a particular limited partner in connection with its admission to a Fund without the approval of any other limited partner, which would have the effect of establishing rights under, altering or supplementing the terms of, or confirming please register to get more info
Registered investment advisers must disclose facts about any legal or disciplinary events that would be material to a client’s evaluation of the adviser’s business or the integrity of the adviser’s management. The Adviser has no legal or disciplinary events of any kind to report. please register to get more info
Neither the Adviser nor its management persons is registered as, and does not have an application pending as, a securities broker-dealer or registered representative of a broker-dealer, futures commission merchant, commodity pool operator, commodity trading advisor, or associated person of the foregoing entities. Portfolio Company Involvement As noted throughout this Brochure, the Adviser and its advisory affiliates or persons controlled by or under common control with the Adviser (its “related persons”) are, directly or indirectly, managing members of the general partner of each of the Funds. Certain advisory personnel spend a substantial portion of their business time on one or more of the Funds as required under the terms of each Fund’s Governing Documents. Principals, employees, and affiliate entities of the Adviser often become actively involved in portfolio company operations throughout the investment cycle. Please refer to Item 4 – Advisory Business for a discussion of this component of the Adviser’s services. A related person’s involvement with portfolio company operations may introduce a conflict of interest between the fiduciary duty he or she owes as a member of a portfolio company board and the fiduciary duty he or she owes to the Fund. To meet its fiduciary duty, the Adviser will take such action as it believes to be necessary to reduce, and where possible, eliminate any such conflict of interest. Such action may include refraining from voting on certain portfolio company matters, referring conflict matters to the limited partner advisory board, or resigning its portfolio company Board or executive position. While the risk of these conflicts cannot be eliminated, the Adviser has implemented policies and procedures to address certain of these conflict situations. The Adviser has entered into and expects to enter into additional agreements, or “side letters,” with certain prospective or existing investors whereby such investors negotiate certain terms and conditions in addition to those set forth in the offering memoranda of the Funds (including discounted or rebated compensation terms, information rights, specialized reporting, or co- investment rights and liquidity or transfer rights). The modifications are solely at the discretion of the Funds and may, among other things, be based on the size of the investor’s investment in the Funds or other similar commitment by an investor. The other limited partners will have no recourse against the Fund or the Adviser in the event that certain limited partners receive additional or different rights or terms as a result of such arrangements. Except where required by the Governing Documents, other investors will not receive copies of side letters or related provisions. As a consequence of one or more limited partners being excused or excluded, or from regulatory or other factors limiting their participation in investments, the aggregate returns realized by participating limited partners could be adversely affected in a material manner by the unfavorable performance of particular investments. Industry Relationships
As with other private equity fund sponsors, the Adviser, the Principals and other employees have developed many relationships with third parties which have the potential to raise conflicts of interest. Such third parties include financial institutions, service providers and other market participants, including but not limited to managers of private funds, investment bankers, lenders, consultants, professional advisors (such as attorneys and accountants), banks, brokers, advisors, finders (including executive finders and portfolio company finders), institutional investors, family offices, co-investors, current and former directors, officers and employees of current and former portfolio companies and former employees and members of the Adviser, as well as certain family members or close contacts of these persons. Certain of these third parties may: (a) introduce investment opportunities to the Adviser; (b) arrange for, or facilitate the financing of, the purchase or recapitalization of current and potential portfolio companies; (c) introduce portfolio companies to potential acquisition or merger candidates; (d) facilitate the disposition of portfolio companies; or (e) provide investment banking, consulting, legal or advisory services to the Adviser, the Funds, or portfolio companies. Such third parties may also provide goods or services to or have business, personal, political, financial, or other relationships with the Principals. In addition, such third parties may invest in one or more Incline Funds; co-invest in one or more portfolio companies; or provide other significant business or investment services to the Adviser, the Funds and/or their portfolio companies. These relationships may influence the Adviser or its affiliates in deciding whether to select or recommend any such third-party to perform services for a Fund or portfolio company. The cost of any services provided by such third parties will generally be borne directly or indirectly by the Fund or its portfolio companies, as applicable. The Adviser will not necessarily seek out the lowest cost options when engaging (or causing a Fund or its portfolio companies to engage) service providers. Although the Adviser generally seeks appropriate rates for services, it reserves the right to prioritize prior usage, perceived sector competence or expertise, familiarity, onboarding speed or other factors in retaining or recommending service providers. In certain circumstances where the Adviser commits or has committed to seek “market” or “arms-length” rates or terms, the Adviser will do so in its sole discretion, seeking rates that it has determined in its sole discretion to be reflective of the range of rates in the applicable or related markets. Consequently, the Adviser undertakes no minimum amount of benchmarking, and does not represent that any such benchmarking relates specifically to the assets or services to which such rates or terms relate. The Adviser will have a conflict of interest with a Fund in recommending the retention or continuation of a third-party service provider to such Fund or a portfolio company if such recommendation, for example, will provide the Adviser information about markets and industries in which the Adviser operates (or is contemplating operations) or will provide other services that are beneficial to the Adviser and/or one or more Funds. For example, the Adviser reserves the right to cause a Fund to make payments to investment banks and/or other intermediaries, all or a portion of which is for the purpose of generating future deal flow for such Fund; however, there can be no assurance that such payments will result in future deal flow, and in certain cases, future deal flow my inure to the benefit of another or successor Fund rather than the Fund making the payment. The Adviser will have a conflict of interest in making such recommendations, in that the Adviser has an incentive to maintain goodwill between it and the existing and prospective portfolio companies for a Fund, while the products or services recommended may not necessarily be the best available to the portfolio companies held by a Fund.
The Chief Compliance Officer is a member of the Investment Committee, and in this capacity, is generally informed about third party engagements, which provides for the identification, mitigation, and/or disclosure of material conflicts of interest. please register to get more info
Code of Ethics and Fiduciary Duty The Adviser has adopted a code of ethics (“Code of Ethics”) that sets forth standards of conduct that are expected of the Adviser’s employees and addresses conflicts that arise from personal trading conducted by the Adviser’s “access persons,” as that term is defined in Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act. The Code of Ethics is the primary policy document of the Adviser which defines the expectation and requirement of professional and ethical conduct by all employees. The Code of Ethics contains policies and procedures relating to: (a) standards of conduct; (b) personal securities transactions; (c) insider trading; and (d) gifts, entertainment, and political contributions. Employees must affirmatively acknowledge the terms of the Code of Ethics each year. Employees who fail to honor the Code of Ethics will be subject to disciplinary sanctions up to and including termination. Standards of Conduct The Adviser’s standards of conduct are designed to ensure that its clients, investors, employees and the Adviser are protected from unethical and unprofessional conduct. The Adviser has policies to, among other things: Govern outside business activities of employees Restrict employee political activity Protect confidential information Prohibit dealings with parties sanctioned by the Office of Foreign Assets Control Facilitate compliance with federal and state securities statutes
Personal Trading Employees are permitted to have personal securities accounts as long as personal investing practices are consistent with fiduciary standards and regulatory requirements, and do not conflict with their duty to the Adviser and its clients. The Adviser will monitor and control personal trading through: Receipt and review of personal securities holdings and transactions reports Maintenance of a restricted list of securities in which employees are not permitted to trade or must receive pre-approval to trade Pre-approval of initial public offerings, limited offerings, and private placements
Insider Trading The Adviser prohibits any employee from illegally acting on, misusing, or disclosing any material non-public information, also known as “inside information”. The Adviser monitors risks associated with inside information by: Providing periodic employee education and training Authorizing and monitoring employee service on boards of public companies Monitoring and restricting personal trading of employees and certain household members Maintaining a compliance program to monitor employee activity Gifts, Entertainment, and Political Contributions As a fiduciary, the Adviser strives to place client interests first and foremost. The Adviser’s compliance policies and procedures are designed to ensure that the fiduciary standard of care is evident in all interactions with and on behalf of its client Funds. The Adviser’s compliance policies implement internal controls which address a number of business practices including gifts, entertainment, and political contributions. These controls include: Requiring employees to report gifts and entertainment Limiting the dollar value of gifts Monitoring entertainment activities Prohibiting political contributions Maintaining a compliance program to ensure that the Adviser is informed of employee activity not directly related to the business of the Adviser Participation or Interest in Client Transactions Through the limited partnership structure, the Adviser’s affiliates have indirect beneficial interests in the securities owned by the Funds and will share in any profits and losses generated by Fund investments. In certain situations, related persons of the Adviser are not permitted to purchase interests in the portfolio investments held by one or more Funds through the general partner established to facilitate employee compensation programs for qualified employees. Employees are only permitted to participate in discussions or authorizations to buy or sell a Fund security if the employee’s only interest in the security is: (a) held indirectly through one of the general partner entities, the Funds, a Feeder Fund, or otherwise; or (b) related to service as a director or executive of a portfolio company to facilitate the Adviser’s ability to monitor Fund investments in the portfolio company. These activities are subject to the Adviser’s compliance policies and Code of Ethics. The Adviser will always endeavor to act in the best interest of the Funds; however, clients should be aware that the Adviser’s and the general partner’s receipt of compensation from the Funds creates a potential conflict of interest with respect to such transactions. These and other operating relationships have the potential for creating conflicts of interest. Where actual or potential conflicts of interest between the Adviser, related persons and the Funds are identified and not otherwise authorized by the Governing Documents, procedures contained in the Governing Documents of the Funds generally allow for submission of the proposed transaction to a limited partner advisory board for review and resolution. See Item 12 – Brokerage Practices, for information about how such conflicts of interest are managed. The role of a limited partner advisory board is further described in Item 13 – Review of Accounts. The Adviser will provide its Code of Ethics to any client or prospective client upon request. To obtain a copy, please contact Justin Bertram at (412) 315-7783. please register to get more info
Broker Selection and Best Execution Typically, the purchase or sale of a security for a Fund will involve a privately negotiated transaction with the issuer, prospective seller or prospective purchaser(s) of the security, and generally will not involve the services of a traditional broker or dealer as is customary in the transaction of registered securities. The Adviser seeks to negotiate and execute transactions in compliance with the Governing Documents of the Funds, its fiduciary duty to Fund investors, and the Adviser’s compliance policies and procedures. With regard to the purchase and sale of certain portfolio companies however, it may be necessary for the Adviser to engage a broker or dealer to ensure that a transaction is closed in a manner most advantageous to the Fund. When executing portfolio transactions using brokers or dealers, the Adviser, through the general partner, seeks the best overall execution terms available to close the deal expeditiously and on terms most favorable to the Fund. In assessing the best overall terms available for a transaction, the full range and quality of a broker or dealer’s services are considered, including execution capability, experience in private equity transactions, network of contacts and relationships, research services (such as reports and analyses of markets, industries, companies, and economic trends), commission rates (or their equivalents), reputation and integrity, financial responsibility, and responsiveness. Broker or dealer arrangements are guided by contractual agreements in part to protect the integrity and confidentiality of Fund investment activity and to seek assurances as to the proper qualifications of such brokers or dealers. Co-Investments
The Adviser reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to provide or commit to provide co-investment opportunities to one or more limited partners and/or other persons (including Operations Group members), in each case on terms to be determined by the Adviser in its sole discretion. Conflicts of interest will arise in the allocation of such co-investment opportunities. Such allocation of co- investment opportunities, which may be made to one or more persons for any number of reasons as determined by the Adviser in its sole discretion, may not be in the best interests of a Fund or any individual limited partner.
In exercising its sole discretion in connection with such co‐investment opportunities, including with respect to allocating a particular investment to and among potential co‐investors and determining the terms thereof, the Adviser expects to consider some or all of a wide range of factors (some or all of which may benefit the Adviser or its affiliates), including but not limited to: (a) the ability of a potential co‐investor to react promptly to a co‐investment opportunity; (b) any strategic advantages that may result from a potential co‐investor’s participation in a co‐ investment opportunity; (c) a potential co‐investor’s commitment to a Fund and/or commitment to one or more other Funds; (d) the likelihood that a potential co‐investor will invest in the Fund and/or a future other Fund; (e) the potential co‐investor’s investable assets relative to the size of the co‐investment opportunity; (f) tax, regulatory and/or securities law considerations (e.g., qualified purchaser or qualified institutional buyer status); (g) confidentiality concerns that may arise in connection with providing the potential co‐investor with specific information relating to the co‐investment opportunity; (h) whether the potential co‐investor’s participation in an investment opportunity may subject the relevant Fund to legal, regulatory, reporting or other burdens or could impair the ability of the Adviser to execute the relevant transaction in the desired time or on desired terms; (i) the size of the investment allocation and practicality of dividing it among multiple potential co‐investors; (j) lender requirements; and/or (k) whether the Adviser or its affiliates believe that allocating investment opportunities to the potential co‐investor will help establish, recognize, strengthen and/or cultivate relationships that have the potential to provide longer‐term benefits to the Fund or other Funds. Although a prospective co-investor’s willingness to invest in future Funds may be considered by the Adviser, it generally will not be the sole determining factor considered by the Adviser in identifying co-investors. Furthermore, decisions regarding whether and to whom to offer co-investment opportunities may be made by the Adviser in consultation with other participants in the relevant transactions, such as a co-sponsor. Additionally, from time to time, certain service providers (e.g., lenders) seek to negotiate co-investment rights as a component of their compensation or in exchange for granting better terms to the Adviser, a Fund or portfolio company in connection with the services provided. Co-investment opportunities typically will be offered to some and not to other limited partners, and the consideration of the factors set forth above is expected to result in certain investors receiving multiple opportunities to co-invest while others expressing interest in co-investments receive none. The Adviser’s allocation of co-investment opportunities generally will not result in allocations that are proportional to the amounts committed, if any, by the relevant potential co- investors to a Fund, other Funds or any other co-investment vehicle, and such allocations are expected to be more or less advantageous to some persons or entities than to others.
Additionally, conflicts of interest will arise in the allocation of co-investment opportunities to the extent that such allocation may benefit the Adviser or its affiliates instead of, or more than, a Fund or is not in the best interests of a Fund or any individual limited partner. The Adviser also reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to charge a Management Fee and/or obtain a “carried interest” in the co-investment. As a result of the fact that co-investments alongside a Fund will not be made through a Fund, any fees or other co-investor-related compensation (including fees of the type included in the definition of “Transaction Fees”) received with co-investments will not arise out of the investment activities of a Fund or actions taken directly or indirectly by the Adviser on behalf of a Fund and, therefore, none of such fees or other co-investor-related compensation will be applied to reduce the Management Fee. The Adviser and/or its affiliates plan to retain any such fees.
To the extent that another Fund co-invests or commits to co-invest alongside a given Fund, any fees of the type included in the definition of “Transaction Fees” with respect to such co-investment or potential co-investment will be allocated among the Fund and such other Fund pro rata (based on the cost of such co-investment or potential co-investment held or proposed to be held by each), or in such other manner as the Adviser and/or the relevant general partners mutually agree.
If a transaction in which a co-investment was to be sought ultimately is not consummated, all obligations, liabilities and out-of-pocket fees (including any break-up or toping fees), costs and expenses relating to such unconsummated transaction are expected to be borne by the Fund, and not by any potential or expected co-investors, subject to any restrictions set forth in the applicable Partnership Agreement. As a general matter, Fund expenses typically will be allocated among all relevant Funds or co- invest vehicles eligible to reimburse expenses of that kind. In all such cases, subject to applicable legal, contractual or similar restrictions, expense allocation decisions will generally be made by the Adviser or its affiliates using their reasonable judgment, considering such factors as they deem relevant, but in their sole discretion. The allocations of such expenses may not be proportional, and any such determinations involve inherent matters of discretion, e.g., in determining whether to allocate pro rata based on number of Funds or co-invest vehicles receiving related benefits or proportionately in accordance with asset size, or in certain circumstances determining whether a particular expense has greater benefit to a Fund or the Adviser. The Funds have different expense reimbursement terms, including with respect to Management Fee offsets, which may result in the Funds bearing different levels of expenses with respect to the same investment. Co-investments with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities or arrangements involve risks not present in investments where a third-party is not involved, including the possibility that a third-party co-venturer or partner may at any time have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with those of a Fund, may have financial difficulties (which may increase the possibility of default), or may be in a position to take (or block) action contrary to the investment objectives of the Fund. In addition, a Fund may in certain circumstances be liable for actions of its third-party co-venturer or partner. In those circumstances where third parties involve a management group, they may receive compensation arrangements relating to such co-investments, including incentive compensation arrangements.
Allocation and Aggregation of Transactions The Adviser follows an allocation and aggregation policy under which the Adviser and affiliate entities seek to allocate and aggregate transactions on a fair and equitable basis under the circumstances over time, consistent with Governing Documents of the Funds and the Adviser’s fiduciary duty. Aggregated portfolio investments are generally allocated among a participating Fund and other co-investment vehicles on a pro rata basis, with exceptions based on applicable investment objectives, strategies and other guidelines. When the investment period of a Fund has expired, with the exception of certain follow-on investments to existing portfolio company positions and investments committed to prior to the end of the investment period, a Fund will generally not engage in new acquisition transactions. The Adviser’s investment discretion to allocate investment opportunities is exercised according to the Governing Documents of applicable Funds. The Adviser directs the allocation of capital commitments for all Funds pursuant to its allocation and aggregation policy, under which it considers certain criteria, including, among others: (a) Fund objectives; (b) Fund size and available investment capital; (c) Fund diversification guidelines; (d) size and scope of the investment opportunity; and (e) current and anticipated market conditions. If an investment opportunity is suitable for more than one Fund, the Adviser and its affiliate entities will allocate the investment opportunity between the Funds in a manner that, over time, is fair and equitable to each Fund, considering all relevant facts and circumstances. The limited partner advisory boards, appointed by the general partners of the Funds, may assist in this process. A Fund will generally not allocate more than 20-25% of capital commitments to a single portfolio company. Directed Brokerage and Soft Dollars The Adviser does not permit the direction of any Fund transactions to any broker by an investor and does not engage in soft dollar arrangements. Soft dollar arrangements are a means of paying brokerage firms for their services through commission revenue rather than by direct hard dollar payments. However, the Adviser may receive general unsolicited research from certain brokers or investment banks specializing in private equity investments. The Adviser has no contractual obligation to compensate or do business with these research providers. please register to get more info
Review of Fund Portfolios All investments are carefully reviewed and approved by the Fund’s Investment Committee as described in applicable Governing Fund Documents. The Investment Committee must reach a unanimous decision prior to committing Fund capital or exiting a Fund investment. The Adviser’s investment professionals actively monitor and review each Fund’s investment portfolio on a continuous basis. The investment team(s) include(s) one or more of the Principals and other investment professionals of the Adviser. Investments are reviewed in light of each Fund’s stated investment objectives and guidelines as set forth in the Governing Documents of each Fund. During the review process, investment professionals analyze existing portfolio company positions to identify issues early on, take any necessary actions, and monitor portfolio company performance relative to the original investment thesis.
Fund investments are private, illiquid and long term in nature. Accordingly, the review process is not directed toward a short-term decision to dispose of securities. The Adviser’s investment professionals meet regularly to review ongoing monitoring activities and to evaluate potential new platform investments and add-on acquisitions. Members of the Investment Committee also meet once per quarter to review and approve quarterly carrying values of each Fund’s respective investments.
Limited Partner Advisory Board
From time to time, a limited partner advisory board for a Fund will participate in the review process. The advisory board is comprised of representatives of the limited partners who are appointed by the general partner to engage in certain activities as specified in the Governing Documents of each Fund, which may include: (a) review and approve/disapprove potential or actual conflicts of interest; (b) review annual valuations of investments by the general partner; (c) consent on behalf of the limited partners to certain actions requiring their approval under the Advisers Act; and (d) consider such other matters as may be provided by the partnership agreement or determined by the general partner to be considered by the advisory board. Pursuant to the terms of the Governing Documents, all limited partners are bound by the determinations of the advisory board, regardless of whether a limited partner is represented by a member of the advisory board. The general partner retains ultimate responsibility for all decisions relating to the operation and management of the applicable Fund. A Fund’s advisory board may not have the same interests as all limited partners. An advisory board member may consider the interests of the limited partner it represents over the interests of the limited partners as a whole when voting or consenting to any matter submitted to the advisory board. No advisory board member owes any fiduciary duties to the Fund or any other partner. Members of the advisory board may have various business and other relationships with the Adviser and its members, partners, managers, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates which relationships may influence their decisions as members of the advisory board. If a limited partner is not represented by a member of the advisory board, such limited partner will have no influence over matters submitted to the advisory board for review or approval. Furthermore, the Fund’s advisory board members cannot be expected to be expert in investing, and certain of its determinations may, in fact, adversely affect the performance of the Fund. A Fund will also indemnify members of its advisory board for any losses or damages incurred in connection with serving on the advisory board so long as such losses or damages did not result from such member’s fraud.
Reports to Investors The general partner provides periodic financial reports and a summary of investments for Fund investors to monitor their investments. The Adviser distributes written reports to investors as required by the Governing Documents of each Fund. Written reports generally convey to Fund investors: (a) audited financial statements and other information on an annual basis in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (within 120 days after a Fund’s fiscal year end as required by the custody rule or alternatively, within 90 days after a Fund’s fiscal year end for certain funds per Governing Document requirements); (b) unaudited summary financial and other information on a quarterly basis; (c) annual tax information necessary for each partner’s U.S. tax returns; and (d) quarterly descriptive investment information for each portfolio company. Fund investors are also invited to attend an annual meeting during which general information is provided. please register to get more info
Economic Benefits Received from Third Parties The Adviser, either directly or indirectly through its affiliates acting as general partners to the Funds, will receive compensation from certain portfolio companies in connection with consulting services provided to such companies in the ordinary course of business. The Adviser and its affiliate entities expect to also receive fees and other compensation, such as breakup fees, from transactions not consummated by a Fund in connection with the Fund’s proposed investment in such transactions. As described more fully in the Fund’s Governing Documents, such fees and other compensation will be shared, in part or in whole, with the limited partner investors through reductions or off-sets against Management Fees that would otherwise be payable by them. Placement Agents From time to time, the Adviser engages an unaffiliated placement agent. A legal agreement between parties is executed to guide the terms of engagement which include among other requirements that the placement agent abide by federal securities statutes in discharging activities on behalf of the Adviser. In accordance with the terms of the relevant Fund’s Governing Documents, any such placement agent fees will ultimately be payable by the Adviser and/or its affiliated entities, either directly or through an offset of the Management Fee payable by the relevant Fund to the Adviser. A Fund investor will not bear any additional charges as a result of an introduction through a placement agent or other unaffiliated third party. Although common, such referral arrangements do create a potential conflict of interest because, in theory, the referrer will be motivated, at least partially, by financial gain and not because the Funds are suitable to the prospective investor’s needs. please register to get more info
Custody occurs when the Adviser or related person directly or indirectly holds client funds or securities or has the ability to gain possession of them. The Adviser is deemed to have custody of the assets of the Funds within the meaning of the Advisers Act due to its affiliation with the general partner of each Fund. The Funds advised by the Adviser are privately offered limited partnerships and are subject to an annual audit by a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) registered and inspected independent accounting firm in accordance with Rule 206(4)-2 under the Advisers Act. The audited financial statements of each Fund are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and distributed to Fund investors within 120 days of the Fund’s fiscal year end as required by the custody rule or alternatively, within 90 days of the Fund’s fiscal year end for certain funds per Governing Document requirements. Investors should review these audited financial statements carefully. Any Alternative Investment Vehicle (“AIV”) formed to facilitate a portfolio investment in a Fund for special tax or regulatory reasons is also subject to an annual audit by a PCAOB registered and inspected independent accounting firm in accordance with the Advisers Act. Upon the final liquidation of a Fund, the Adviser will obtain a final audit and distribute audited financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP to all investors promptly after completion of the audit. please register to get more info
As discussed in Item 4 – Advisory Business, the Adviser provides investment advisory services to each Fund on a discretionary basis but is subject to the overall supervision of the general partner of each Fund. The limitations on the Adviser’s investment discretion are established through negotiations with the investors in each Fund and/or its general partner. These limitations, which are negotiated on a case-by-case basis and will vary from time to time, are incorporated into each Fund’s Governing Documents, which include the applicable management agreement with the Adviser. In the case of Funds whose investment periods have closed, the Adviser’s investment discretion will generally be limited to certain follow-on investments and the liquidation of existing portfolio company positions. please register to get more info
The Adviser reserves the right to vote proxies (or similar instruments) for a Fund if required under the management agreement with the general partner of such Fund. In accordance with Advisers Act requirements, the Adviser has adopted proxy policies to address voting requirements, if any, for Fund portfolio investments. Proxy policies seek to ensure that the Adviser votes proxies in the best interest of the Funds, including when there may be material conflicts of interest in voting proxies. It is important to note that the Adviser or general partner will typically name one or more affiliated persons to serve on the board of directors of portfolio companies. As such, a conflict of interest could arise when voting certain common proxies, including board composition, tenure or compensation.
The Adviser believes its interests are aligned with Fund investors through the general partner’s ownership interests in the Fund and therefore does not generally seek investor approval or direction when voting proxies. If, however, there is or may be a conflict of interest between the general partner and the Fund in voting proxies, the Adviser generally is permitted to address the conflict using several alternatives, to include seeking counsel of the respective limited partner advisory board on the proposed proxy vote or through alternatives set forth in proxy policies.
The Adviser’s proxy policies are designed to ensure that any material conflict of interest is identified for a particular proxy vote and the vote is not improperly influenced by the conflict. If you are an investor and would like to obtain a copy of the Adviser’s proxy voting policies or additional information about how proxies have been voted, please contact Justin Bertram at (412) 315-7783. please register to get more info
The Adviser does not solicit fees six months or more in advance. The Adviser and its affiliate entities have no financial obligation that impairs their capacity to meet contractual and fiduciary commitments to clients, nor has the Adviser or its affiliate entities been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
ADV Part 2B
Brochure Supplements
Incline Equity Partners 625 Liberty Avenue EQT Plaza – Suite 2300 Pittsburgh, PA 15222 412-315-7800 www.inclineequity.com March 27, 2020 Brochure Supplements provide information about certain advisory personnel of Incline Equity Partners (“the Adviser”). This information supplements the Adviser’s Brochure outlined above. Please contact Justin Bertram, Chief Compliance Officer, at (412) 315-7783 if you did not receive the Brochure or if you have any questions about the contents of these supplements.
John (“Jack”) Carl Glover
Co-Founder and Managing Partner Pittsburgh, PA 15222 (412) 315-7781 [email protected]
This Brochure Supplement provides information about John Carl Glover that supplements the Incline Equity Partners Brochure. You should have received a copy of that Brochure. Please contact Justin Bertram at (412) 315-7783 if you did not receive the Brochure or if you have any questions about the contents of this supplement. Additional information about Incline Equity Partners is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Educational Background and Business Experience
Year of Birth 1966 Duquesne University -- B.S.B.A. 1988 University of Chicago -- M.B.A. 1994 PNC Equity Management Corp., Partner and Senior Vice President -- 08/96 to 09/11 Incline Equity Partners, Co-Founder and Managing Partner -- 10/11 to Present
Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events to disclose for Mr. Glover.
Other Business Activities
Mr. Glover is not engaged in any investment-related business outside of his role with the Adviser and its affiliate entities.
Additional Compensation
Mr. Glover does not receive any additional compensation to be disclosed. Mr. Glover sources, negotiates, structures, and manages investments made pursuant to the investment strategy of the Adviser’s pooled investment vehicles. As a voting member of the Adviser’s Investment Committees, Mr. Glover retains decision-making authority, along with fellow principals of the Adviser, for selection and disposition of investments for the Adviser’s pooled investment vehicles. Mr. Glover is not subject to the direct supervision of any other individual although Justin Bertram (412-315-7783), Chief Compliance Officer for the Adviser, oversees his compliance with advisory policies and procedures.
Justin Leslie Bertram
Co-Founder and Senior Partner (412) 315-7783 [email protected]
This Brochure Supplement provides information about Justin Leslie Bertram that supplements the Incline Equity Partners Brochure. You should have received a copy of that Brochure. Please contact Justin Bertram at 412-315-7783 if you did not receive the Brochure or if you have any questions about the contents of this supplement. Additional information about Incline Equity Partners is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Educational Background and Business Experience
Year of Birth 1972 Allegheny College -- B.S. 1995 Columbia University -- B.S. 1996 Carnegie Mellon -- M.B.A. 2003 PNC Equity Management Corp., Managing Director -- 07/98 to 09/11 Incline Equity Partners, Co-Founder and Senior Partner -- 10/11 to Present Incline Equity Partners, Chief Compliance Officer -- 12/17 to Present
Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events to disclose for Mr. Bertram.
Other Business Activities
Mr. Bertram is not engaged in any investment-related business outside of his role with the Adviser and its affiliate entities.
Additional Compensation
Mr. Bertram does not receive any additional compensation to be disclosed.
Mr. Bertram sources, negotiates, structures, and manages investments made pursuant to the of the Adviser’s respective Investment Committees, Mr. Bertram retains decision-making authority, along with fellow principals of the Adviser, for selection and disposition of investments for certain of the Adviser’s pooled investment vehicles. Mr. Bertram also serves as the Adviser’s Chief Compliance Officer. Mr. Bertram is not subject to the direct supervision of any other individual although Deanna Barry (412-315-7788), Chief Financial Officer of the Adviser, is designated to oversee his compliance with advisory policies and procedures.
Leon Michael Rubinov
Senior Partner (412) 315-7787 [email protected]
This Brochure Supplement provides information about Leon Michael Rubinov that supplements the Incline Equity Partners Brochure. You should have received a copy of that Brochure. Please contact Justin Bertram at 412-315-7783 if you did not receive the Brochure or if you have any questions about the contents of this supplement. Additional information about Incline Equity Partners is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Educational Background and Business Experience
Year of Birth 1975 Georgetown University -- B.S. 1998 Northwestern University -- J.D./M.B.A. 2005 The Boston Consulting Group, Project Leader -- 9/05 to 5/08 Sterling Partners, Vice President -- 5/08 to 5/11 Incline Equity Partners, Principal -- 5/11 to 6/16 Incline Equity Partners, Senior Partner -- 6/16 to Present
Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events to disclose for Mr. Rubinov.
Other Business Activities
Mr. Rubinov is not engaged in any investment-related business outside of his role with the Adviser and its affiliate entities.
Additional Compensation
Mr. Rubinov does not receive any additional compensation to be disclosed.
Mr. Rubinov sources, negotiates, structures, and manages investments made pursuant to the of the Adviser’s respective Investment Committees, Mr. Rubinov retains decision-making authority, along with fellow principals of the Adviser, for selection and disposition of investments for certain of the Adviser’s pooled investment vehicles. Mr. Rubinov is not subject to the direct supervision of any other individual although Justin Bertram (412-315-7783), Chief Compliance Officer for the Adviser, oversees his compliance with advisory policies and procedures.
John Morley
Partner (412) 315-7786 [email protected]
This Brochure Supplement provides information about John Morley that supplements the Incline Equity Partners Brochure. You should have received a copy of that Brochure. Please contact Justin Bertram at 412-315-7783 if you did not receive the Brochure or if you have any questions about the contents of this supplement. Additional information about Incline Equity Partners is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Educational Background and Business Experience
Year of Birth -- 1982 Brigham Young University -- B.S. 2006 The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania -- M.B.A. 2012 Bain & Company, Associate Consultant -- 7/06 to 4/08 Sorenson Capital, Associate -- 4/08 to 7/10 H.I.G. Capital, Vice President -- 6/12 to 7/13 Incline Equity Partners, held various positions prior to being named Partner -- 8/13 to Present
Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events to disclose for Mr. Morley.
Other Business Activities
Mr. Morley is not engaged in any investment-related business outside of his role with the Adviser and its affiliate entities.
Additional Compensation
Mr. Morley does not receive any additional compensation to be disclosed.
Mr. Morley sources, negotiates, structures, and manages investments made pursuant to the of certain Investment Committees, Mr. Morley retains decision-making authority, along with fellow principals of the Adviser, for selection and disposition of investments for certain of the Adviser’s pooled investment vehicles. Jack Glover (412-315-7781), Co-Founder and Managing Partner, directly oversees Mr. Morley’s investment activities. Justin Bertram (412-315-7783), Chief Compliance Officer, oversees Mr. Morley’s compliance with advisory policies and procedures.
Joseph K. Choorapuzha
Partner (412) 315-7789 [email protected]
This Brochure Supplement provides information about Joseph K. Choorapuzha that supplements the Incline Equity Partners Brochure. You should have received a copy of that Brochure. Please contact Justin Bertram at 412-315-7783 if you did not receive the Brochure or if you have any questions about the contents of this supplement. Additional information about Incline Equity Partners is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Educational Background and Business Experience
Year of Birth -- 1983 Columbia University -- B.A. 2005 The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania -- M.B.A. 2015 BofA Securities, Analyst -- 6/05 to 7/07 Centre Lane Partners, held various positions including Associate, Vice President, Consultant, Portfolio Company Board Member -- 9/07 to 4/15 Tenex Capital Management, Vice President -- 6/15 to 10/15 Incline Equity Partners, held various positions prior to being named Partner -- 10/15 to Present
Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events to disclose for Mr. Choorapuzha.
Other Business Activities
Mr. Choorapuzha is not engaged in any investment-related business outside of his role with the Adviser and its affiliate entities.
Additional Compensation
Mr. Choorapuzha does not receive any additional compensation to be disclosed. Mr. Choorapuzha sources, negotiates, structures, and manages investments made pursuant to the of certain Investment Committees, Mr. Choorapuzha retains decision-making authority, along with fellow principals of the Adviser, for selection and disposition of investments for certain of the Adviser’s pooled investment vehicles. Jack Glover (412-315-7781), Co-Founder and Managing Partner, directly oversees Mr. Choorapuzha’s investment activities. Justin Bertram (412-315- 7783), Chief Compliance Officer, oversees Mr. Choorapuzha’s compliance with advisory policies and procedures.
Thomas Ritchie
Partner, Incline Elevate GP, L.P. 100 Park Avenue, 21st Floor New York, NY 10017 (212) 887-1261 [email protected]
This Brochure Supplement provides information about Thomas Ritchie that supplements the Incline Equity Partners Brochure. You should have received a copy of that Brochure. Please contact Justin Bertram at 412-315-7783 if you did not receive the Brochure or if you have any questions about the contents of this supplement. Additional information about Incline Equity Partners is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Educational Background and Business Experience
Year of Birth 1972 Princeton University -- A.B. 1994 University of Virginia -- J.D./M.B.A. 2002 UBS Investment Bank, Associate Director -- 2002 to 2004 CI Capital Partners (fka Caxton-Iseman Capital), Managing Director -- 2004 to 2017 Incline Elevate GP, L.P., Partner -- 10/18 to Present
Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events to disclose for Mr. Ritchie.
Other Business Activities
Mr. Ritchie is not engaged in any investment-related business outside of his role with the Adviser and its affiliate entities.
Additional Compensation
Mr. Ritchie does not receive any additional compensation to be disclosed.
Supervision
Mr. Ritchie sources, negotiates, structures, and manages investments made pursuant to the investment strategy of certain of the Adviser’s pooled investment vehicles. As a voting member of the Adviser’s respective Investment Committee, Mr. Ritchie retains decision-making authority, along with fellow principals of the Adviser, for selection and disposition of investments for certain of the Adviser’s pooled investment vehicles. Jack Glover (412- 315-7781), Co-Founder and Managing Partner, directly oversees Mr. Ritchie’s investment activities. Justin Bertram (412-315- 7783), Chief Compliance Officer, oversees Mr. Ritchie’s compliance with advisory policies and procedures.
Evan Jeffrey Weinstein
Partner, Incline Elevate GP, L.P. 100 Park Avenue, 21st Floor New York, NY 10017 (212) 887-1262 [email protected]
This Brochure Supplement provides information about Evan Jeffrey Weinstein that supplements the Incline Equity Partners Brochure. You should have received a copy of that Brochure. Please contact Justin Bertram at 412-315-7783 if you did not receive the Brochure or if you have any questions about the contents of this supplement. Additional information about Incline Equity Partners is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
Educational Background and Business Experience
Year of Birth 1981 Longwood University -- B.S. 2004 Lehman Brothers, Investment Banking Analyst -- 7/04 to 11/06 CI Capital Partners (fka Caxton-Iseman Capital), Senior Vice President -- 11/06 to 4/16 PAI Partners, Principal -- 4/16 to 10/18 Incline Elevate GP, L.P., Partner -- 10/18 to Present
Disciplinary Information
There are no legal or disciplinary events to disclose for Mr. Weinstein.
Other Business Activities
Mr. Weinstein is not engaged in any investment-related business outside of his role with the Adviser and its affiliate entities.
Additional Compensation
Mr. Weinstein does not receive any additional compensation to be disclosed.
Supervision
Mr. Weinstein sources, negotiates, structures, and manages investments made pursuant to the of the Adviser’s respective Investment Committee, Mr. Weinstein retains decision-making authority, along with fellow principals of the Adviser, for selection and disposition of investments for certain of the Adviser’s pooled investment vehicles. Jack Glover (412- 315-7781), Co-Founder and Managing Partner, directly oversees Mr. Weinstein’s investment activities. Justin Bertram (412-315-7783), Chief Compliance Officer, oversees Mr. Weinstein’s compliance with advisory policies and procedures. please register to get more info
Open Brochure from SEC website
Assets | |
---|---|
Pooled Investment Vehicles | $2,305,974,889 |
Discretionary | $2,305,974,889 |
Non-Discretionary | $ |
Registered Web Sites
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