A. Equus Capital Partners, Ltd. (“Equus” or the “Firm”) is a
privately held real estate investment management firm with strong operational
and development expertise. The Firm’s business commenced in 1980 (including
predecessor entities). The current portfolio overseen by Equus is composed of
commercial properties and apartment units throughout the U.S.
Equus is managed and directed by its President and CEO, Daniel
M. DiLella, along with a senior management team of 12 real estate professionals.
These 13 individuals have spent the majority of their careers in the real estate
industry and collectively have spent over 350 years with Equus-affiliated entities
in acquisition, development, dispositions, financing, leasing and management.
The Firm totals approximately 107 employees that include a highly qualified,
experienced team of approximately 90 professionals with real estate, capital
markets, finance, asset management, legal and accounting backgrounds. Since
1993, Equus has raised equity through the formation of twelve investment funds
and one co-investment fund.
Equus is a limited partnership, the general partner of which is
Equus GP, LLC, a limited liability company owned by five members of the senior
management team of Equus (“Equus Management”). The sole limited partner of
Equus is Management Equity Investors, L.P., a limited partnership owned by
Equus Management.
B. Advisory services offered. Equus provides investment management services exclusively to clients that are privately offered pooled
investment vehicles (each a “Fund” or “Client” and, collectively, the “Funds” or
“Clients”). Each Fund is either: (i) a traditional large pooled investment fund with
unspecified real estate investments to be selected by the Fund’s general partner
with the assistance of Equus, or (ii) a pool of capital for specified real estate
investments. Each Fund is available for investment only via a “private offering,”
and is intended only for investment by “accredited investors,” as those terms are
defined under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Each Fund’s investment
objective includes providing a certain level of returns net of fees and expenses as
described in detail in the Fund’s offering documents. In pursuit of each Fund’s
investment objective, Equus utilizes a value-added, direct operating approach to
real estate investment. Equus’ advice is generally limited to real estate
investments.
C. Tailoring to individual needs. Though Equus utilizes a similar strategy for all of the Funds, it tailors advisory services to the specific needs of
the Funds to the extent that certain securities cannot be held by certain Funds for
legal or tax purposes.
D. Assets under management. Equus managed approximately $1.280 billion of assets on a discretionary basis1 as of December 31, 2018.
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A. How Equus is compensated for advisory services. The specific terms for the compensation of Equus by each Fund are dictated by the Fund’s
charter documents, offering documents, management and advisory agreements,
and any other applicable agreements. Each Fund generally pays a management
fee (the “Management Fee”). A Fund’s Management Fee generally will
commence on the date that the first capital call for a Fund is made to fund a real
estate investment and thereafter be paid on the first day of each calendar
quarter. The Management Fee is based on a percentage of assets invested in or
committed to a Fund by its investors, and may vary based on the stage of
investment of the Fund and the amounts committed to the Fund by its various
investors. The Management Fee generally ranges from ½% to 1-1/2%.
Professionals of Equus and its affiliates may be retained by a Fund to provide
other services to the real estate projects owned by the Fund. Services may
include the following: (a) property management and construction management
services; (b) development services; (c) legal services; (d) tax preparation
services; and (e) title insurance services. All fees related to such services are
limited by a pre-approved schedule but other types of fees may be charged if
they are presented to an Advisory Committee composed of the investors in the
Fund with the largest investments, and the Advisory Committee does not
disapprove them.
An affiliate of Equus is also entitled to receive an incentive distribution of the
investment proceeds from the Funds, generally subject to certain conditions such
as the prior return of capital to Fund investors and/or prior payment to Fund
investors of a certain rate of return on invested capital. Proceeds available for
distribution will consist principally of cash generated from continuing operations
of the assets owned by a Fund and the cash proceeds realized on the sale or
refinancing of Fund assets. These incentive distributions are referred to as the
“Carried Interest,” A Carried Interest is charged in compliance with Rule 205-3
under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.
B. Deduction of fees from invested assets. Equus’ compensation is deducted from the assets of each Fund. Management Fees are paid quarterly
in advance at the beginning of each calendar quarter. Carried Interest is paid
when earned upon the distribution of the applicable assets.
1 Equus does not have final investment discretion over the assets of a Fund. The ultimate
discretion is retained by the applicable general partner of each Fund, which general partner is
always an Equus affiliate.
C. Other types of fees or expenses. Each Fund pays all offering and organizational expenses incurred in the formation of the Fund and the
related entities up to a certain maximum limit set forth in the Fund’s offering
documents. Each Fund generally pays all expenses related to its activities,
including all costs related to the purchase, financing, sale (whether or not
consummated), construction, repair and maintenance of investments; legal (both
third party and for legal services provided by Equus or its affiliates), auditing, tax,
leasing fees, carrying, financing, development, construction, and accounting
fees; insurance; litigation expenses; third-party consultants; and any other
operating expenses of the Fund. In pursuit of its investment objective a Fund
may incur and pay fees or expenses to independent third-parties, such as real
estate brokers and agents, engineers, construction contractors, property
managers, accountants, custodians, attorneys, and expenses of subpartnerships
and other entities through which a Fund holds interests in real estate. Other
expenses may be charged to a Fund if described in the Fund’s confidential
private offering documents. Funds will incur real estate brokerage and other
transaction costs. Fund investors are not directly charged with fees or expenses,
but in effect pay their pro rata share of any fees or expenses charged to the
Fund. Equus provides the Funds with various accounting and tax services, but
Equus is only separately compensated by a Fund if a.) on a basis preapproved in
the Fund documents or b.) as approved by unaffiliated limited partners on the
Advisory Committee. An affiliate of Equus owns an interest in a title insurance
agency, but such agency may only receive title insurance commissions in states
if title insurance rates are regulated in such states such that premiums are not
increased by the commissions paid.
D. Payment of fees in advance. In the event that a Fund’s investment advisory agreement with Equus terminates during a period covered
by Management Fees paid in advance, Equus would pro rate such Management
Fee and reimburse the portion of such Management Fee covering the remainder
of the period.
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As described in Item 5 above, certain of Equus’ affiliates receive incentive
compensation, which is tied explicitly to the performance of a Fund, and such
compensation will continue to be earned based upon the performance of a
Fund’s portfolio as a whole, rather than that of individual transactions. The
existence of the Carried Interest may create an incentive for Equus to cause a
Fund to make riskier or more speculative investments than would be the case in
the absence of the Carried Interest. The existence of the Carried Interest may
also incentivize Equus to hold investments for longer periods of time than
otherwise appropriate in order to increase amounts distributable to affiliates of
Equus in respect of the Carried Interest. Equus’ compliance policies and
procedures and code of ethics prohibit supervised persons from favoring one
account over another or considering the Firm’s financial interest when providing
investment advice to Clients.
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Equus provides investment advice only to the Funds, which are privately offered
pooled investment vehicles. Investors in the Funds include pension plans,
endowments, foundations, trusts, family offices, funds of funds, and private
individuals from the United States and Europe.
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A. Investment Strategies. As more fully described in each Fund’s offering documents, Equus utilizes a value-added, direct operating approach to
real estate investment to try to achieve above-market yields while minimizing
risk.
Equus’ value-added approach to real estate investment is based on the following
basic strategies:
Repositioning. Equus seeks opportunities to create value through
direct, intense management to reposition assets on a profitable basis. There are
many opportunities to achieve operational efficiencies through changing
management, upgrading the physical appearance/functionality, increasing
occupancy, altering lease durations or minimizing operating expenses. The
objective is to capitalize on the difference in pricing between well-leased
institutional, quality assets and other assets.
Development/Redevelopment. While limited, Equus believes that
real estate fundamentals in certain markets justify new construction. Moreover,
current weak markets provide select opportunities to redevelop underperforming
assets to achieve their best and highest use. Development in the future
(excluding multifamily properties) generally will be undertaken with substantial
preleasing, but our most recent Fund prohibits development (including multifamily
development) without a specific minimum level of preleasing.
Recapitalization. Equus targets investments in which restrictive or
insufficient capital structures create investment opportunities. Many financial
institutions and borrowers have been extending loans even when there is no
equity value remaining. As lenders become impatient with this “extend and
pretend” approach, the opportunities for recapitalizations should increase. Each
of these opportunities is unique and requires a customized approach. Some
transactions involve preserving tax positions for owners who would otherwise
face foreclosure, and others may involve assisting an owner to reposition its
asset by providing funds for renovation, releasing and/or obtaining more
favorable financing. In each case, however, the Fund’s equity is in a priority
position, being layered between the first mortgage lender and the current equity
holder.
As part of its recapitalization strategy, Equus may target
acquisitions of debt or equity of distressed entities. In these situations, the debt
or equity of the distressed entity can be purchased at a significant discount due
to its deteriorating financial position. These opportunities can arise either before
or after a distressed entity files for bankruptcy. In pre-bankruptcy situations,
Equus may have the Fund acquire equity securities from a major holder of a
distressed entity, or purchase the outstanding debt of the distressed entity at a
discount to the principal amount due. If a distressed entity is in bankruptcy,
Equus may have the Fund purchase certain claims of the entity’s creditors in
order to acquire control of its assets.
There can be no assurance, however, that the use of any strategy for any Fund
will achieve any particular returns or avoid a loss. A Fund’s ability to achieve
returns will depend on a variety of factors, many of which are beyond its or
Equus’ control. Investing in securities includes risk of loss that Clients should be
prepared to bear.
B. Investment Risks. Real estate investments involve risk of loss that investors must be prepared to bear. Each Fund’s offering documents
include more detailed disclosure of the risks of real estate investing. Among
other risks described more fully in each Fund’s private offering documents, each
Fund’s investments entail the following risks:
1. No Assurance of Investment Return. Each Fund’s task of identifying and evaluating investment opportunities,
managing such investments and realizing a positive return
for investors is difficult. There is no assurance that a Fund
will be able to invest its capital on attractive terms or
continue to generate positive returns or avoid losses over
the long term.
2. Real Estate Generally. Investments in real estate entail a variety of risks, any of which could cause a loss. Real estate
values and the success of any real estate investment are
affected by a number of factors, including: (i) changes in the
general national or international economic climate, local
conditions (such as oversupply of space or reduction in the
demand for space), the quality and philosophy of
management, competition based on rental rates,
attractiveness and location of the properties, population
trends, neighborhood values, community conditions, public
perceptions, general economic conditions, local employment
conditions, interest rates and real estate tax rates; (ii)
changes in fiscal policies; (iii) changes in applicable laws
and regulations (including tax laws); and (iv) uninsured
losses and other risks that are beyond the control of Equus.
If a Fund undertakes development or significant
redevelopment of a property or properties there are the
additional risks which include (i) the inability to obtain, or
delays in obtaining, all necessary required governmental
permits, authorizations and approvals; (ii) construction costs
exceeding original estimates, possibly making the property
uneconomical; (iii) occupancy rates and rents at a newly
completed property may not be sufficient to make the
property profitable; (iv) financing may not be available on
favorable terms for development of a property; and (v)
construction and lease-up may not be completed on
schedule, resulting in increased debt service expense and
construction costs.
3. Due Diligence Processes. The due diligence investigation that Equus performs with respect to any investment
opportunity may not reveal or highlight all relevant facts that
may be necessary or helpful in evaluating such opportunity,
including, among other things, the existence of fraud or other
illegal or improper behavior. Moreover, such an
investigation will not necessarily result in the investment
being successful.
4. Concentration of Investments. A relatively high percentage of a Fund’s total capital may be invested in a
limited number of portfolio investments to which any single
loss may have a significant adverse impact on such Fund’s
capital. In addition, no Fund is required to diversify its
investments among industries or regions.
5. Interest-rate Risk. Fluctuations in interest rates may cause investment prices to fluctuate and a Fund may no longer be
able to meet the debt service obligations from a property.
6. Liquidity Risk. The Funds invest in illiquid investments. Liquidity is the ability to readily convert an investment into
cash at or close to its current market value. Generally,
assets are more liquid if many traders are interested in a
standardized product. Real estate is not liquid. If a Fund
was required to divest itself of an illiquid investment, the
Fund might not be able to do so quickly or at an
advantageous price.
7. Financing Risk. The Funds borrow. Borrowing increases risk, as a Fund would be required to meet its periodic
payments and would generally retain a principal repayment
obligation even if the financed investment lost value.
Consequently, financing may have leveraging effects that
could exacerbate losses. A Fund may guarantee a loan on
one real estate investment that exposes all of the Fund’s
assets to loss.
8. Hedging. In connection with the financing of certain assets, a Fund may employ hedging techniques designed to protect
against adverse movements in interest rates. While such
transactions may reduce certain risks, such transactions
themselves may entail certain other risks. Thus, while a
Fund may benefit from the use of hedging mechanisms,
unanticipated changes in interest rates or securities prices
may result in poorer overall performance for a Fund than if it
had not entered into such hedging transactions.
9. Conflicts of Interest. Fund investments are subject to various conflicts of interest as more fully discussed in
“10.A.1. Investment companies and other pooled investment
vehicles” and in each Fund’s offering documents.
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A. Material Relationships. Equus has relationships and arrangements that are material to Equus’ advisory business with
the following types of related persons:
1. Investment companies or other pooled investment vehicles.
Equus manages several Funds.
a. The management team will continue to devote time to
the management of other existing Funds. This may
create conflicts in the allocation of management
resources. Equus maintains a sufficient staff to ensure
that its Clients are not disadvantaged.
b. Some Funds may also own real estate in the same
markets as other Funds. Care is taken to avoid the
acquisition of the same type of properties in different
Funds if such properties compete directly. If there is
indirect competition of properties in different Funds,
separate teams of real estate brokers and Equus
personnel will be established so no Fund is
disadvantaged.
c. Equus has no conflict in allocating investment
opportunities between Funds because only one pooled
investment Fund invests at any one time, and Equus
forms a new Fund only when the preceding pooled
investment Fund is fully committed for investment.
There are two exceptions. First, if the general partner
of a Fund determines that an investment is too large for
a Fund, but determines the investment to be otherwise
attractive to the Fund, certain limited partners and
Equus affiliates are granted the right to co-invest with
the Fund in accordance with the governing documents
of the Fund. The governing documents of the Fund
specify the procedure by which certain limited partners
are entitled to participate in the co-investment. The
terms of the co-investment are on substantially the
same terms as the Fund’s investment with such
deviations as permitted in the Fund governing
documents. The most recently formed pooled
investment Fund provides that if a co-investment
opportunity is offered to any limited partner it will be
offered to all limited partners satisfying the following
requirements (a “Qualifying Limited Partner”) (i) who
has committed $25 million or more, (ii) who has notified
the general partner that such limited partner is
interested in co-investment opportunities and (iii) who
has represented to the general partner in its
subscription materials that such limited partner is
authorized to participate in such co-investment without
additional procedural requirements or internal approvals
or other standard due diligence requirements. Further
the general partner or its affiliates will not participate in
a co-investment opportunity unless (i) the general
partner has made a good faith determination based on
the current investment guidelines, available capital and
other relevant considerations that a co-investment
opportunity is appropriate, (ii) such co-investment
opportunity is first offered to the Qualifying Limited
Partners on a prorata basis, and (iii) the other co-
investors require the general partner to participate as a
co-investor. Second, if Equus and its affiliates identify a
real estate or other investment opportunity that by its
nature is not eligible to be acquired by the existing
pooled investment Fund, Equus and its affiliates may
directly acquire or consider the establishment of a Fund
to acquire only that specific investment, and
investments of that nature are specifically permitted
under the terms of the existing pooled investment
Fund’s governing documents.
2. Real estate brokers or dealers. Equus has no formal or
informal arrangements with real estate brokers to obtain
research or other benefits in exchange for referring business to
such real estate brokers. Equus may request information and
research from real estate brokers to whom Equus refers
business, and such real estate brokers may be more amenable
to provide such information and/or research because of past
business or the anticipation of future business. An affiliate of
Equus also owns BBT Realty, Inc., a licensed real estate broker,
but BBT does not provide brokerage services to the Funds.
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Transactions and Personal Trading A. Code of Ethics. Equus’ code of ethics is based upon the premise that all Equus personnel have a fiduciary responsibility to render
professional, continuous and unbiased investment advisory service.
The code of ethics requires all personnel to (1) comply with the
spirit and letter of applicable laws and regulations; (2) maintain the
highest ethical and professional standards; (3) observe all fiduciary
duties and put Client interests ahead of those of Equus; (4) observe
Equus’ personal trading policies so as to avoid misuse of insider
information and other conflicts of interests between Equus and its
Clients; (5) ensure that all personnel have read the code of ethics,
agreed to adhere to the code of ethics, and are aware that a record
of all violations of the code of ethics will be maintained by Equus
and that personnel who violate the code of ethics are subject to
sanctions by Equus, including termination. A copy of the code of
ethics is available upon request to Clients or prospective Clients.
B. In furtherance of the Code of Ethics, Equus personnel are prohibited from all of the following:
(i) use of material non-public information about securities;
(ii) engaging in any personal securities transactions in an initial
public offering except with the prior written approval of the
Chief Compliance Officer;
(iii) participating in a limited offering without the prior written
approval of the Chief Compliance Officer;
(iv) trading in any securities on a list for which trading is
prohibited, if any;
(v) communicating material non-public information concerning a
security; or
(vi) recommending the purchase of a security while in the
possession of material non-public information.
C. No communications are permitted concerning the securities transactions for Clients except to necessary third parties without the
prior written consent of the Chief Compliance Officer.
D. All information concerning Clients, their accounts and their activities are to be maintained as strictly confidential.
E. All access personnel are required to submit to the Chief Compliance Officer an annual report of their securities holdings as
well as quarterly reports of securities trades.
F. The Chief Compliance Officer is required to report all violations to the senior management of Equus.
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A. Monitoring of accounts. Equus’ investment staff, which is made up of approximately 48 individuals, is responsible for reviewing and
monitoring each Fund’s investments on a continuous basis. The
investment staff includes Equus’ executive officers, managing
principals, and specialists in investment analysis, research, asset
management, capital markets and disposition. Such staff is
responsible for identifying, evaluating, structuring and negotiating
investments, overseeing the ongoing management of the
investments by property managers and for management or
oversight of financings, recapitalizations and dispositions. The staff
continually monitors the investments of each Fund.
B. Review triggers. Equus continually monitors each Fund’s performance and investments.
C. Reports to Clients. Each Fund’s Advisory Committee receives reports on certain issues, such as conflicts of interest and
valuations, as such issues arise. Each Fund holds an annual
meeting of investors to review the status of the Fund. A Fund also
receives the following reports: (i) annual audited financial
statements of the Fund, (ii) annual or semi-annual estimates of the
valuations of the assets in the Fund, and (iii) quarterly reports
containing an operation summary of the Fund’s portfolio properties.
Many of these reports are also provided to Fund investors.
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A. Third party compensation. No person who is not a Client of Equus provides an economic benefit to Equus for providing
investment advice or other advisory services to Clients.
B. Equus does not provide compensation with respect to referrals of Clients. Third parties may hope to obtain business or other benefits
by referring investors to Equus, but there is no formal or informal
arrangement therefor. From time to time, Equus receives literature
and is invited to and may attend seminars, in each case without
charge, from its service vendors. Equus, however, does not solicit
from any vendor such literature or seminar invitations.
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Each Fund’s financial statements are subject to audit by an independent
accountant registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board at least annually and each Fund distributes its audited financial
statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles to all investors within 90 days of the end of its fiscal year, and
upon liquidation distributes its audited financial statements prepared in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles to all investors
promptly after the completion of such audit. Custody of client securities
and funds are held with qualified custodians.
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Under each Fund’s investment advisory agreements and charter
documents, Equus provides investment advisory services to each Fund in
accordance with the disclosure in the related private offering documents
and subject to the direction and control of the affiliated general partner of
each Fund.
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