A. Firm description
Argyle Street Management Limited was incorporated in the British Virgin
Islands on December 28, 2001. It commenced investment advisory business
in Hong Kong in 2002.
ASM is currently 100% owned by Argyle Street Management Holdings
Limited (“ASMH”), a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.
The principal owners of ASMH are Mr. Kin Chan and Mr. V-Nee Yeh.
B. Types of advisory services offered
ASM primarily provides investment advisory services in the strategy of special
situation investments in Asia. ASM manages, on a discretionary basis,
portfolios for clients and pooled investment vehicles (“funds”) (and
collectively “Accounts”). ASM services are based on, among other factors,
the investment objective, mandate, risk tolerance and liquidity requirement of
each Account. ASM may direct the Accounts to invest in equities, loans,
bonds, derivatives and alternative investments, both public and private, and
through primary or secondary markets.
C. Details of advisory services to clients
ASM invests its client’s funds in a portfolio of suitable investments in
accordance with the client’s investment mandate. Certain clients may impose
restrictions for example on investing in certain securities or types of securities.
In those circumstances, ASM closely monitors and follows the restrictions in
constructing the portfolio for such clients.
D. Wrap fee programs
ASM does not offer wrap fee programs.
E. Client assets
Amount of discretionary and non-discretionary client assets at market value as
of January 31, 2019:
Discretionary client assets: US$1,560,400,000
Non-discretionary client assets: Nil
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A. Fee Schedule
ASM’s management fees (save for the fees described in the paragraphs
hereafter in this section) are in general 1.5% per annum of the assets in the
Accounts under its management. For closed-end Accounts, management fees
are also generally charged at a rate of 0.5% per annum on undrawn capital
commitments. Such fees are generally deducted from the Accounts, accrued
monthly and payable quarterly in arrears on the last business day of each
calendar quarter.
For certain Accounts, subscription fees may be charged at subscription.
Details may be found in private placement memoranda of those Accounts.
Additional fees may be charged based on the performance of the Accounts.
See Item 6 for details.
Fees may be negotiated based on a range of factors including the investment
size of the clients as well as nature, complexity and liquidity of the Accounts.
B. Payment method
Fees are generally deducted from the clients’ assets quarterly (save for
performance-based fees and any subscription fees).
C. Other fees or expenses payable by the clients
ASM charges the above fees only to Accounts. Neither ASM nor its
employees receive other fees from Accounts in connection with ASM’s
advisory services.
Accounts will incur various other expenses in addition to the fees charged by
ASM described at Item 5A above. A complete description of the fees and
expenses payable by Accounts is detailed in the documentation relating to such Accounts (e.g. private placement memorandum, constitutional documentation and investment management agreement) and the information contained herein is a summary only and qualified in its entirety by such documents. Such expenses will generally include the fees of
other service providers providing services to the relevant Account, such as any
custodian, prime broker(s), broker(s), administrator/transfer agent and auditor.
Accounts may also bear other expenses, depending on the terms of fund
documentation, such as directors’ fees, legal, regulatory, tax, valuation and
other relevant advisory fees, fund-raising expenses (such as travelling
expenses), regulatory filing fees (e.g. Form PF and filings pursuant to the
European Alternative Investment Management Directive), costs of preparing
updates to fund documentation, expenses involved in communicating with
directors and holding board meetings, insurance premiums (including director
and officer liability insurance), and investment-related expenses such as
brokerage commissions, the special purpose vehicles secretarial and banking
expenses, legal counsel fees and travelling expenses incurred during the course
of the negotiation and execution of investment opportunities. Accounts will
generally bear the costs of any trade errors, as well any taxes or other
governmental fees or charges levied against the relevant Account.
Generally, expenses will be borne by the Account(s) that received the benefit
of such expense. Where Accounts (and any other co-investors) co-invest into
an investment, all expenses relating to such investment shall typically be borne
by the Accounts (and any other such co-investors) pro-rata their economic
interest in such investment. In the event that an investment transaction fails to
complete or is aborted, its investment-related expenses shall also typically be
allocated on the same basis as if the investment had completed. Accounts that
invest in other Accounts managed by ASM will be responsible for their pro
rata shares of the ongoing expenses of the invested Accounts (although fees
payable to ASM shall not be double-charged at the level of the invested
Account).
ASM’s allocation decisions may sometimes depend on inherently subjective
determinations. ASM recognises the potential conflicts of interest inherent in
determining the allocation of expenses
(e.g. an incentive to favour Accounts
that pay higher performance-based fees or to allocate to Accounts instead of
ASM). As such, ASM will allocate expenses between ASM and its Accounts on
a basis that it reasonably considers is fair in accordance with its internal
expenses allocation policy, subject always to compliance with the terms
detailing the operation of the Account.
D. Advance fees payable by the clients
Fees charged to most clients are payable in arrears on the amount of clients’
assets under management as described in Item 5 (A) above. For certain
accounts where fees are payable in advance, the fee shall be pro-rated in the
event that there is any termination unless expressly agreed otherwise.
E. Other compensation
Neither ASM nor its employees receive any kind of compensation for the sale
of securities or other investment products.
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ASM may charge one of two types of performance-based fee: either (i) a share
of any increase in net asset value, payable annually; or (ii) a share of the
realised and returned investment proceeds after the initial capital investment
has been returned, payable at the point of return.
Such fee arrangements may create an incentive for ASM to make investments
riskier or more speculative than it would otherwise do in the absence of such
performance-based compensation arrangements. For certain clients, ASM or
its affiliates may invest alongside in order to align their interests with the
clients. To ensure that all clients of ASM are treated fairly, ASM has in place
investment allocation policy with regards to the allocation of all investment.
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ASM’s clients are primarily pooled investment vehicles which are invested by a
number of investors and separate managed accounts set up by institutional
investors and family offices.
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A. Description of methods of analysis
ASM follows an investment discipline that combines detailed fundamental
analysis and qualitative understandings of the assets, the stakeholders and the
relevant environment in which it invests in. ASM rigorously reviews each
investment opportunity and carries out detailed due diligence through its
extensive on-the-ground network. In addition, ASM enhances its
understanding of its target investments by frequently visiting the relevant
companies and knowledgeable parties in the market.
Investment decisions are made to ensure that we can eventually extract the
optimal value above our investment cost at exit over an appropriate
investment duration. Coupled with a thorough understanding of underlying
risks involved, we can prudently assess the risk-return profile of each
opportunity. We reject potential investments if either the pricing is too high
or the risk cannot be mitigated including by cooperation with strategic partners
or investment structures after consultation with local lawyers and other
knowledgeable professionals.
Investment Strategy
ASM aims to achieve capital appreciation in selected Asian countries, primarily
in Greater China and Southeast Asia, through investments in special situations,
including but not limited to distressed single credit or equities, structured
lending, or other special situation investments such as private equity, buy-outs,
and event-driven and takeover opportunities. ASM also explores
single/portfolio assets from, or interests in, other collective investment
schemes, while minimizing volatility and correlation with changes in price
levels of other asset classes. The specific mandate will vary from Account to
Account.
Our pooled investment vehicles set up for this investment strategy target
investment opportunities that take advantage of motivated sellers who focus
on timing of exit rather than value maximization. ASM seeks opportunistic
investments across the capital markets while maintaining an emphasis that
buying inexpensively is the best hedging strategy. The target assets could be
resulting from portfolio rebalancing or deleveraging by commercial banks,
investment banks, insurance companies and alternative asset managers.
Investment opportunities are often sourced from ASM’s network of corporate
executives, owners of businesses and families. ASM takes an active stance
when it is the majority investor in an investment, or if there is significant
exposure in the pooled investment vehicles that ASM manages.
The ASM team has extensive experience investing in special situations in Asia.
Members of the management team were all born and raised in Asia with
strong networks and knowledge throughout the region. They have hands-on
experience, established presence and strong relationships with restructuring
professionals, liquidators and legal advisers who are experienced in navigating
within the confines of Asian legal jurisdictions, being essential for risk
assessment and control.
ASM also manages the liquidity risk profile and diversification of pooled
investment vehicles by way of co-investing with strategic partners, such as
industry players, who can also help in unlocking the investment value and
enhance risk control.
Co-Investments
The ASM Accounts may from time to time invest into investment transactions
alongside other third party co-investors. Co-investment opportunities may
arise in a variety of circumstances including for example (i) for management of
investment concentration risk; (ii) to obtain additional investment capital for
large deals; (iii) as a condition to completing the deal itself, in case of a
strategic investor with specific expertise / contacts. In general, ASM shall
prioritise the offering of co-investment opportunities to the investors in those
Accounts which are intended to invest into the relevant transaction.
ASM’s co-investment allocation decisions will sometimes depend on
inherently subjective determinations. In general ASM has broad discretion to
determine to whom it will offer and award co-investment opportunities. That
said, ASM recognises the potential conflicts of interest inherent in determining
these allocations and accordingly the importance of prioritising investors over
other third parties with respect to co-investment opportunities and
furthermore offering all co-investment opportunities to investors on a fair
basis. In addition ASM and the Accounts shall not as a policy grant
preferential co-investment rights to any investor in any Accounts.
ASM will take into account all the circumstances in determining to whom co-
investment opportunities should be offered including without limitation (i)
certainty of timely funding; (ii) timely execution of investment documentation;
(iii) whether the co-investor can offer any strategic added-value e.g. special
expertise or insight into an industry or country; (iv) the overall strategic benefit
of offering the co-investment opportunity to the relevant offeree; and (v)
whether the investor meets any disclosed threshold requirements e.g.
minimum investment size.
ASM will allocate co-investment opportunities on a basis that it reasonably
considers is fair and in accordance with its internal co-investment allocation
policy, subject always to compliance with the terms detailing the operation of
the Accounts. ASM may receive fees paid by a co-investor in respect of its co-
investment. Absent explicit agreement otherwise, co-investor(s) shall ordinarily
bear all investment-related expenses on a pro-rata basis irrespective of whether
or not the deal eventually completes.
B. Material risk involved
Risk of loss of capital and no guarantee of investment returns:
There is no assurance of an investment return for investors in the Accounts.
Indeed, investors may lose their capital investment. No assurance can be made
that the Accounts will be able to choose, make or realise investments in any
particular investee company. Moreover, while the type of investments that the
Accounts generally intend to make offers the possibility of substantial returns,
such investments also involve a high degree of financial risk and can result in
substantial or total capital losses. In addition, the Account’s targeted returns
are based on certain expectations regarding the terms of investments. There
can be no assurance the Accounts will be able to obtain the expected financial
terms on the targeted investments. An investor in an Account may lose all or a
part of its investment in such Account.
Concentration risk:
Concentration risk exists in ASM’s clients’ portfolios. The top-ten positions
may make up a large proportion of total account value. ASM considers such
risk manageable as it will give a high level of attention to each position that
accounts for a significant percentage of net asset value. ASM further mitigates
such risk by way of deep value investment style.
Investing in illiquid assets:
Investments by certain Accounts may be illiquid and may not provide current
income. Illiquidity may result from the absence of an established market for
such investments, as well as legal or contractual restrictions on their resale.
Political and economic instability in emerging markets:
ASM focuses on investments in Asia for all of its Accounts, including
countries with emerging economies which are subjected to significantly greater
political, economic and social instability than developed economies.
Expropriation, confiscatory taxation, nationalization, or other developments
could adversely affect the assets in the Accounts.
Private placement memoranda of Accounts contain additional details regarding
the risks of our strategies.
C. Type of securities
ASM does not primarily advise or invest on behalf of its clients in any
particular type of security. Asset classes that ASM will advise or invest in on
behalf of its clients include, but not limited to:-
i) Equities:
instruments which represent full or partial ownership of
companies that are listed on stock exchanges or private
companies.
ii) Fixed Income:
corporate bonds or loans of companies listed in stock
exchanges or private companies.
iii) Alternative investments:
other types of investments such as derivatives, portfolio
assets or interests in other collective investment schemes.
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There are no legal or disciplinary decisions relevant to any client’s or
prospective client’s evaluation of ASM’s advisory business, or the integrity of
ASM’s management.
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A. Broker-dealer
Neither ASM nor any of its management persons are registered, or have an
application pending to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered representative
of a broker-dealer.
B. Other registrations
Neither ASM nor any of its management persons are registered, or have an
application pending to register, as a futures commission merchant, commodity
pool operator, a commodity trading advisor, or an associated person of the
foregoing entities. ASM and certain Accounts are registered as exempt
commodity pool operators and exempt commodity trading advisors with the
National Futures Association.
C. Material Relationship or Arrangement with Related Industry Participants
Related persons of ASM are the General Partners of the clients of ASM, which
are the Accounts.
D. Other investment advisers
ASM does not receive compensation directly or indirectly from any investment
advisers as a consequence of such recommendation or selection of investment
advisors for the clients of ASM.
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and Personal Trading
ASM adopts a code of ethics governing its trading practices and those of its
employees. ASM will provide a copy of such code of ethics to any client or
prospective client upon request.
ASM and its employees and their Associates (as defined in the paragraph
hereafter) (and collectively “ASM Group Members”) are permitted to buy or
sell securities for their own investment accounts, subject to certain restrictions
described hereafter. ASM Group Members are required to disclose their
holdings of investments upon joining ASM and to provide their brokers’
statements which show all of their securities holdings on a monthly basis.
“Associates” include
the employee’s immediate family members sharing the same household as
the employee and anyone who receives material financial support from the
employee (“Family”);
any company, the management of which is subject to the employee’s
influence and control, and/or that of the employee’s Family;
any trust in which the employee or his/her Family has an interest as trustee
or beneficiary, or the employee or his/her spouse takes part in investment
decisions. Any other person, other than the clients of ASM, over whom the
employee exercises control and influence.
Approval from both the designated members of the management group and
the compliance group of ASM are required prior to any securities dealing for
personal accounts by ASM Group Members, with the exception of personal
trades in:-
i) investments in relation to exchange-traded funds;
ii) government bonds;
iii) currencies and commodities;
iv) other securities, as may be determined by directors of ASM from time
to time.
ASM Group Members may not buy or sell an investment in which ASM has a
pending “buy” or “sell” order in the same investment for its clients or which is
currently held by the Accounts. Any exceptions to this policy must be
approved by the affected Account or its representatives. In general, such
approvals will not be granted unless the Client Priority requirement (as defined
below) is fulfilled. ASM’s compliance policies require priority be given to
clients’ order over orders for ASM Group Members’ accounts at all times
(“Client Priority requirement”).
ASM may at its discretion from time to time permit employees of ASM or its
affiliated entities to co-invest alongside ASM Accounts into an investment
transaction only in cases where there are other third party co-investors into
such investment (“Employee Co-Investment Plan” or “ECP”). Any
amount invested under the ECP shall be no more than 5% of investment size,
with an absolute ceiling of US$5million. ASM shall only permit investment
under the ECP in accordance with the ECP Guidelines and ASM’s Code of
Ethics in order to further incentivise and enhance alignment of interests with
ASM’s Account investors.
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A. Criteria in Broker-dealer selection
ASM selects broker-dealers after considering factors including the following:-
Speed and quality of trade execution
Quality of research products
Supply of market information and ideas
Ability to introduce direct access to companies
Accuracy and efficiency of settlement
Commission rates
The services of brokers are evaluated on a regular basis in order to allocate
trades appropriately.
1. Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
Broker-dealers may provide ASM with research services and other soft dollar
benefits which may include analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries,
securities and economic factors and trends. ASM receives such research
services and other soft dollars benefits only if such broker-dealers:
-
provide services of demonstrable benefits to ASM’s clients;
-
execute transactions consistent with best execution standards and charge
brokerage commission rates which are in line with customary full-service
brokerage commission rates.
Disclosure is also made to clients in their financial statements. Please refer to
these financial statements for details on the types of products and services
acquired using soft dollars and the value of the soft dollar services received.
Soft dollars are generally only used for subscription to information services
and the provision of market information and trade-execution terminals.
Research services or soft dollar arrangements may be an incentive for ASM to
select or recommend broker-dealers. However, ASM is guided by its internal
compliance policy referred to briefly above. Research services and soft dollar
arrangements may be accepted to obtain data services for the benefit of all
ASM’s clients, including for those clients which did not generate the soft
dollars. That said, ASM always seeks to allocate soft dollars to a Fund
proportionately to the soft dollar credits that such Fund generates. ASM does
not cause clients to pay commissions higher than those charged by other
broker-dealers in order to receive soft dollar benefits.
Services of broker-dealers are evaluated regularly based on the above-
mentioned criteria in order to allocate trades accordingly.
2. Brokerage for Client Referrals
In selecting or recommending broker-dealers, ASM does not
receive client
referrals from broker-dealers or third parties, and ASM does not direct client
transactions to a particular broker-dealer in return for client
referral.
3. Directed Brokerage
ASM does not recommend, request or require a client
to direct ASM to
execute transactions through a specified broker-dealer.
4. Aggregate trades
ASM always buys or sells the same security for its Accounts having similar
investment objectives simultaneously and through the same group of
executing broker(s). ASM may invest in thinly traded securities. In order to
ensure executed orders are allocated in a manner deemed fair and equitable, it
is ASM’s practice to aggregate trades such that the situation in which an order
for one but not another Account being fully executed may be avoided. When
an aggregate order is filled, ASM allocates the securities bought or sold pro
rata to the Accounts at the average cost if the executing broker(s) fill the order
in multiple trades subject to any accounts’ investment restrictions if applicable.
ASM may make adjustments to avoid odd lots or excessively small allocations.
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A. Periodic review of client accounts
ASM reviews client accounts periodically. On a daily basis, ASM’s Chief
Investment Officer reviews the Accounts focusing on daily transactions,
change in value, price and exchange rate movement of investments. On a
monthly basis, ASM’s Chief Investment Officer also reviews in detail the
investment returns of the Accounts as a whole and position by position.
ASM’s compliance officer(s) reviews investment allocation and portfolio
composition by instruments and liquidity to verify that investments in each
client account are consistent with its respective investment objective and
mandate and for adherence to the trade allocation policy.
B. Accounts reviewed on other than a periodic basis
ASM’s Chief Investment Officer and his team also review each Account upon
material changes in the financial markets and any circumstance that may result
in material impact to the client accounts.
C. Report to clients
Written reports to clients are prepared and delivered generally on a monthly or
quarterly basis, depending on the Account’s valuation frequency. Each report
discloses the performance and valuation of the Accounts and summarizes the
investments and allocation by categories. In case the Accounts have appointed
custodian banks, clients will also receive written reports of the portfolio
investments generally on a monthly or quarterly basis, depending on the
valuation frequency of the Account.
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A. ASM does not receive any economic benefit from a person who is not ASM’s
client for providing investment advice or other advisory services to clients.
B. ASM generally does not compensate directly or indirectly any person who is
not its supervised persons for investor referrals. ASM may to a limited extent
and from time to time engage one or more placement agents / introducers for
investor referrals. Any such person would generally be compensated by ASM
by reference to the size of investment(s) referred or introduced.
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ASM is not a custodian and does not act as a custodian over the assets in the
Accounts it manages for its clients. Clients (or Accounts) enter into their own
direct arrangements for custody of investments. Such custodians may be
banks, trust companies, or other qualified institutions.
The qualified custodian will typically provide investors in the Accounts with at
least half yearly account statements relating to the assets held within the
Accounts managed by ASM. Each investor should carefully review each
qualified custodian’s statement upon receipt, to determine if it completely and
accurately states all the holdings in the Accounts and all the activities over the
relevant period. Any discrepancies identified by an investor should be
immediately reported to ASM and the qualified custodian.
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Clients generally appoint ASM as their investment advisor/manager and grant
full trading and investment authority over the assets and liabilities of the client
accounts, from the date ASM is appointed as the investment advisor/manager
of the clients. The full trading and investment authority granted includes, but
not limited to, buying or selling securities on behalf of the client accounts,
determining the investment size and the broker to execute each transaction,
after considering the respective client’s investment objective and mandate.
ASM exercises its investment discretion typically under power of attorney or
similar authority contained in an investment management agreement.
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ASM’s authority to vote proxies for its clients is established by its investment
advisory agreements or comparable documents. ASM has established formal
proxy voting policies and procedures. The management and the chief
compliance officer oversee the proxy voting process. The proxy voting
procedures are designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the clients’ best
interest. ASM shall consider only those factors that relate to the client’s
investment, including how its vote will economically impact and affect the
value of the client’s investment.
In general, ASM will follow the guidelines below when voting proxies and
corporate action on behalf of its clients.
ASM will attempt to consider all aspects of the vote for the specific types of
issues in favor of those proposals that would increase the value of client’s
investment in the manner that:
(a) ASM believes is consistent with the client’s stated objective; and
(b) ASM will generally vote in accordance with the recommendation of
the issuing company’s management on routine and general
administrative matters. ASM will have the full discretion to decide
whether a vote will be cast.
ASM will vote for the specific types of issues against proposals that:
• involve excessive compensation to employees, officers, directors
and service providers;
• cause management to be overrepresented on the board;
• introduce unequal voting rights or create supermajority voting.
These general guidelines are not exhaustive and do not cover all potential
voting issues. All proposals are evaluated on a case-by-case basis to determine
their impact on the portfolio securities held by ASM’s clients and the basis and
rationale for ASM’s decisions will be documented. Although ASM generally
votes against proposals that have a negative impact on our clients’ portfolio
securities, ASM may vote for such a proposal if it believes there exist
compelling long-term reasons to do so.
In certain circumstances, ASM’s clients are permitted to direct their votes in a
particular solicitation. A client that wishes to direct its vote in a particular
solicitation shall give prior written notice to ASM, indicating such intention
and provide written instructions directing ASM to vote in regard to the
particular solicitation. If such prior written notice is received, ASM shall vote
the proxies in accordance with such written instructions received from the
client, provided that such instructions are provided to ASM in a timely manner.
Upon request, ASM will provide the client with a copy of its proxy voting
policies and procedures, and information on how the client’s proxies were
voted.
In addition, the proxy voting policy includes guidelines for the compliance
manager to follow if a material conflict of interest arises between ASM and/or
its employees (including chief compliance officer) and its clients, to ensure that
any material conflict could be resolved in the best interest of its clients.
ASM will not put its own interests ahead of those of any client and will
monitor and resolve any potential conflicts of interest with respect to proxy
voting. A conflict of interest might exist, for example, when an issuer of a
security for which ASM acts as an advisor, manager, underwriter, broker or
other similar capacity, or when one of ASM’s employees or affiliates has an
interest in a proxy matter, ASM will vote on a case-by-case basis If a material
conflict is deemed to exist, ASM will refrain completely from exercising its
discretion with respect to voting the proxy on behalf of its clients and will
instead refer that vote to an outside service for its independent consideration.
ASM may resolve such conflicts in any of a variety of ways, including the
following: voting in accordance with the written guidelines; or voting pursuant
to client direction by seeking instructions from the clients. The method
selected by ASM may vary depending upon the facts and circumstances of
each situation.
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A. ASM does not generally require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in
fees per client, six months or more in advance.
B. ASM has discretionary authority over client funds and securities. There is no
financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair ASM’s ability to meet its
contractual commitments to its clients.
C. ASM has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time during the
past ten years.
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