Black Diamond Capital Management, L.L.C. (“Black Diamond” or “BDCM”), a Delaware
limited liability company, provides investment advice and other services to affiliated entities
(each, a “Black Diamond Affiliate”) for use by such Black Diamond Affiliates in advising and
managing the accounts of their respective clients. Black Diamond Holdings, LLLP (“BDH”) and
Black Diamond Advisors, LLLP (“BDA”), each a United States Virgin Islands limited liability
limited partnership (collectively, the “Black Diamond Service Affiliates”), also generate
investment advice and provide investment advice and other services to Black Diamond Affiliates
for use by such Black Diamond Affiliates in advising and managing the accounts of their
respective clients. Reference in this Brochure to “Black Diamond” includes reference to the
Black Diamond Service Affiliates and Black Diamond Affiliates unless the context clearly
indicates otherwise. All of the foregoing services are provided on behalf of Black Diamond
Affiliates as follows:
(1) BDCM Fund Adviser, L.L.C. acts as the general partner of and/or investment adviser to one
private investment fund (a domestic feeder fund) which invests through one master fund for
which BDCM Fund Adviser, L.L.C. also acts as investment adviser. In addition, BDCM Fund
Adviser, L.L.C. acts as the investment adviser to another offshore private investment fund, which
invests through a special purpose master fund (“Special Purpose Master Fund”), for which
BDCM Fund Adviser, L.L.C. also acts as investment adviser. These two investment funds and
the two master funds are referred to collectively as the “BDC Finance LLC Hedge Funds.”
BDCM Fund Adviser, L.L.C. also acts as portfolio manager and commercial paper administrator,
respectively, for two entities in a financing structure that provides financing to the BDC Finance
LLC Hedge Funds’ master fund.
(2) Black Diamond Credit Strategies Fund Adviser, L.L.C. acts as the general partner of and/or
investment adviser to two private investment funds (one domestic feeder fund and one offshore
feeder fund) each investing through one common master fund for which Black Diamond Credit
Strategies Fund Adviser, L.L.C. also acts as investment adviser. These two investment funds
and the one master fund are referred to collectively as the “Credit Strategies Hedge Funds”, and
together with the BDC Finance LLC Hedge Funds, the “Hedge Funds”.
(3) BDCM Opportunity Fund II Adviser, L.L.C., BDCM Opportunity Fund III Adviser, L.L.C.,
BDCM Opportunity Fund IV Adviser, L.L.C. and BDCM Opportunity Fund V Adviser, L.L.C.
each, respectively, acts as the investment adviser to a domestic private investment fund and an
offshore private investment fund that invests substantially all of its assets into such domestic
private investment fund. These funds are referred to collectively as the “Opportunity Funds.”
(4) BDCM Opportunity Fund II GP, L.L.C., BDCM Opportunity Fund III GP, L.L.C., BDCM
Opportunity Fund IV GP, L.L.C. and BDCM Opportunity Fund V GP, L.L.C. each, respectively,
acts as the general partner of a domestic Opportunity Fund and each is a Black Diamond
Affiliate. BDCM also acts as the general partner of a domestic private investment fund which
holds certain equity interests and promissory notes issued by a former portfolio company of
BDCM Opportunity Fund, L.P. (“Investment L.P.”).
(5) BDCM Strategic Capital Fund I Adviser, L.L.C. and BDCM Strategic Capital Fund I GP,
L.L.C. each, respectively, acts as the investment adviser and general partner to a domestic
private investment fund and an offshore private investment fund that invests substantially all of
its assets into such domestic private investment fund. These funds are referred to collectively as
the “Strategic Capital Funds.”
(5) GSC Acquisition Holdings, L.L.C. (“GSCAH”), acts as the investment manager of several
fund complexes, comprised of domestic private equity investment funds, which invest
substantially all of their assets into offshore private equity investment funds or other domestic
private equity investment funds, including the “European Mezzanine Funds,” and the “Recovery
Funds”, collectively, the “GSC Private Equity Funds,” which together with the “Opportunity
Funds,” are referred to as the “Private Equity Funds”, and together with the Strategic Capital
Funds, the “Closed End Funds”.
(6) GSC Mezzanine II GP, L.LC. and GSC European Mezzanine Investors II, L.P., each,
respectively acts as the general partner of a domestic European Mezzanine Fund or the general
partner of an offshore general partner of an offshore European Mezzanine Fund, and each is a
Black Diamond Affiliate.
(7) GSC Recovery III GP, L.P. acts as the general partner of a domestic Recovery Fund or the
general partner of a general partner of a domestic Recovery Fund, and each is a Black Diamond
Affiliate.
(8) Black Diamond CLO 2006-1 Adviser, L.L.C., Black Diamond CLO 2012-1 Adviser, L.L.C.,
Black Diamond CLO 2013-1 Adviser, L.L.C., Black Diamond CLO 2014-1 Adviser, L.L.C.,
Black Diamond CLO 2015-1 Adviser, L.L.C., Black Diamond CLO 2016-1 Adviser, L.L.C.,
Black Diamond CLO 2017-1 Adviser, L.L.C., Black Diamond CLO 2017-2 Adviser, L.L.C.,
Black Diamond CLO 2018-1 Adviser, L.L.C. and Black Diamond CLO 2019-1 Adviser, L.L.C.,
each, respectively, acts as the collateral manager of a collateralized loan obligation vehicle (the
“BD CLOs”).
(10) GSCAH acts as the collateral manager of multiple fund complexes of collateralized debt
obligations, which are comprised of the “GSC US CDOs,” the “European CDOs” and the “ABS
CDOs,” collectively, the “GSC CDOs.” The BD CLOs and the GSC CDOs are collectively
referred to as the “CLOs.”
(11) Black Diamond also provides services to GSCP (NJ), L.P., an investment adviser affiliated
with GSC Group, Inc., pursuant to a Services Agreement between GSACH and GSCP (NJ), L.P.
(the “Services Agreement”).
Black Diamond identifies investment opportunities, primarily in the credit markets, for the
clients of the Black Diamond Affiliates and participates in the acquisition, monitoring and
disposition of their investments. The individual needs of the investors in the funds managed by
Black Diamond Affiliates (the funds are generally referred to as “clients” in this Brochure) are
not the basis of Black Diamond’s investment advice, and investment advice is provided to the
clients of the Black Diamond Affiliates, not the investors in such clients.
The Black Diamond Affiliates have the right to enter and have entered into agreements, such as
side letters, with certain underlying investors of certain clients that may provide for terms of
investment that are more favorable than the terms provided to other underlying investors of such
clients. Such terms may include the waiver or reduction of management fees and/or incentive
fees/allocations, the provision of additional reports and rights related to legal or regulatory
requirements applicable to specific investors.
The Black Diamond Affiliates and the Black Diamond Service Affiliates are not separately
registered as investment advisers with the SEC, but are relying on the SEC registration of
BDCM, with which they are under common supervision and control. All investment advisory
activities of the Black Diamond Affiliates and the Black Diamond Service Affiliates are subject
to the Advisers Act and the rules thereunder, and persons acting on behalf of the Black Diamond
Affiliates and Black Diamond Service Affiliates perform such activities under common
supervision and control with BDCM and are subject to the Code of Ethics and Compliance
Manual of BDCM.
The Black Diamond Affiliate, originally named Black Diamond Capital Management, L.L.C.,
but now known as “BDCM Fund Adviser, L.L.C.” has been advising clients since January 1995.
Since October 2006, Black Diamond has provided investment advisory services on behalf of the
Black Diamond Affiliates for the benefit of the Black Diamond clients. Since October 2011, the
Black Diamond Service Affiliates have provided investment advisory services on behalf of the
Black Diamond Affiliates for the benefit of the Black Diamond clients.
The only principal owner (defined as a person who owns 25% or more) of BDCM is Black
Diamond Capital Holdings, L.L.C. SD Investments, LLC is the only majority owner of Black
Diamond Capital Holdings, L.L.C. Stephen H. Deckoff owns 100% of SD Investments, LLC.
As of December 31, 2018, Black Diamond’s regulatory assets under management are
approximately $9,349,929,844, all of which is managed on a discretionary basis. This figure
excludes assets for which Black Diamond provides investment advisory services to GSCP (NJ),
L.P. pursuant to the Services Agreement.
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Black Diamond’s management fees range from a combined senior and subordinated collateral
management fee of 0.5% to 1.0% per annum of assets managed in the BD CLOs and 0.6% to
1.0% per annum of the assets managed in the GSC CDOs, to 0% to 2% per annum of assets
managed in the Hedge Funds. Black Diamond’s management fee for the Special Purpose Master
Fund ranges from 0% to 2% per annum of assets depending on the share class. In lieu of a
management fee for the 0% share class, Black Diamond receives combined senior and
subordinated collateral management fees of 0.50% from a structured finance vehicle in which the
Special Purpose Master Fund owns an indirect interest. Management fees for the Opportunity
Funds are generally 1.75% annually of capital commitments during the commitment period, and
thereafter, 1.75%, annually, of funded commitments reduced by the cost basis or write-down
amount of each investment, or portion thereof, that has been disposed of or permanently written-
down. Management fees for the Strategic Capital Funds are generally 1.5%, annually, of funded
commitments reduced by the cost basis or write-down amount of each investment, or portion
thereof, that has been disposed of or permanently written-down. For the GSC Private Equity
Funds, the amounts of the management fees range between 0.875% and 1.75% annually of an
amount based upon (a) during the investment period, the capital committed by the investors in
the Fund, and (b) after the expiration of the investment period, the invested capital for such
Fund. Management fees are generally calculated and paid quarterly and may be calculated and
paid in advance (Closed End Funds) or in arrears (Hedge Funds, CLOs) either by billing the
client’s trustee, in the case of a CLO, by billing an offshore Hedge Fund’s or Closed End Fund’s
administrator or by direct deduction from a domestic Hedge Fund or Closed End Fund. Black
Diamond does not receive a management fee from the Investment L.P.
Each Black Diamond client bears all of its own transactional expenses (or a
pro rata portion of
the transaction expenses where a transaction is for the benefit of multiple clients) including, as
applicable, brokerage commissions, spreads, mark-ups, clearing and settlement costs, short
dividends, commitment fees, interest expense, taxes and other transactional charges, any
expenses associated with proposed investments that are ultimately not made, consultants’
(including consultants which may provide credit research support services) and other experts’
fees, legal and due diligence expense (including travel expense), insurance expense, warehouse
financing expense and custody expense. For a discussion of the brokerage arrangements that
Black Diamond enters into on behalf of clients, see “Brokerage Practices.”
Black Diamond may utilize travel related services provided by its affiliates, including the use of
any aircraft which is owned or leased by its affiliates (See Other Financial Industry Activities
and Affiliations below), in order to conduct due diligence related to the assessment, purchase,
management or sale of investments, and for any other purposes related to the investment
activities of the applicable client. Black Diamond intends only to utilize such services or
products where it believes that the cost is reasonable and that the use is in the best interest of the
applicable client.
Black Diamond allocates due diligence and other expenses incurred in the purchase and/or
management of the investments held (or to be purchased) by its clients on a
pro rata basis to
each client based on their actual investment amount or their contemplated investment amount as
estimated at the time at which such expense relates unless (A) Black Diamond determines that it
is not practical to clearly identify the investment to which such expense relates, in which case
Black Diamond may allocate such expense based on the proportionate size of each client (by
aggregate principal balance of each such client’s assets under management), (B) a particular
client is the sole cause of such expense, in which case Black Diamond may allocate such expense
to the applicable entity, or (C) Black Diamond believes another method of allocating such
expenses is appropriate and fair in its good faith judgment, in which case such expenses will be
allocated according to such method and in accordance with the applicable client’s governing
documents.
Each Black Diamond client bears its own direct operating expenses, including, but not limited to
offering expenses, legal, accounting, and auditing expenses, ratings agency expenses, expenses
associated with the preparation of financial statements, printing and mailing costs, market
information systems and computer software expenses, fees of pricing services and financial
modeling services, filing fees, trustee fees and expenses, directors’ fees and expenses, as
applicable (no fee being charged for directors affiliated with Black Diamond), administration
fees and expenses and insurance expenses. Operating expenses borne by a client are described in
such client’s governing documents. In some instances, organization expenses for a client are
subject to a dollar limitation, with expenses in excess of such limitation borne by Black Diamond
or the applicable Black Diamond Affiliate.
Management fees and performance-based compensation, discussed below under “Performance-
Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management,” are generally not negotiable by investors in the
Black Diamond clients, but Black Diamond and/or a client may, nevertheless, agree to waive,
reduce or rebate all or any portion of the applicable management fees or performance-based
compensation with respect to certain investors in a client (including, but not limited to, the Black
Diamond Affiliates, their beneficial owners and their families and Black Diamond employees)
without doing so for any other investor. With respect to private investment funds that Black
Diamond may raise in the future, certain limited partners or shareholders may seek to negotiate
terms (including fees payable to Black Diamond or Black Diamond Affiliates) through the
negotiation of the limited partnership agreement, memorandum and articles of association, other
similar documents or through side letters.
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Black Diamond receives performance-based compensation ranging from 0% to 30% of realized
and unrealized gains (Hedge Funds) to 12.5% to 20% of the realized profits of the Closed End
Funds to 25% to 35% of proceeds payable to subordinated note holders (CLOs), paid annually or
upon realization of investments or in connection with payments of interest, principal and
liquidation proceeds, as applicable, and subject to high water marks, return hurdles, preferred
returns and/or clawbacks, as applicable.
The receipt of performance-based compensation creates a conflict of interest between Black
Diamond’s interest in earning a profit for itself in the short term and the long term interests of the
Black Diamond clients and their investors. Specifically, Black Diamond may have an incentive
to make investments that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case if Black
Diamond were compensated solely based on a flat percentage of capital. With respect to the
Hedge Funds, Black Diamond may receive increased compensation because the performance-
based compensation will be calculated on a basis which includes unrealized appreciation as well
as realized gains. Black Diamond participates in the valuation process with respect to the Hedge
Fund’s securities for which market quotations are not readily available in accordance with its
valuation policy and applicable requirements, but the ultimate valuation determination is made
by the Hedge Fund’s administrator. The Hedge Funds’ administrator values the Hedge Fund
portfolio in accordance with its standard pricing policy and the Hedge Funds’ governing
documents. The Hedge Funds’ administrator performs a reconciliation of cash, investor activity,
and investments as part of its independent determination of the net asset value for the Hedge
Funds, and produces the final capital account/shareholder statements. Such valuations can affect
the amount of performance compensation to be paid to Black Diamond.
Differing performance-based compensation structures may create an incentive for Black
Diamond to favor one client over another when effecting transactions on behalf of multiple
clients. See “Brokerage Practices,” below, for a discussion of Black Diamond’s procedures for
allocating trades among clients.
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Black Diamond’s clients are private investment vehicles— hedge funds, control/distressed
private equity funds, non-control stressed/distressed closed end funds, mezzanine loan funds,
collateralized loan obligation vehicles, asset backed security vehicles and collateralized debt
obligation vehicles — the interests in which are offered pursuant to exemptions from registration
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended.
The investors in these vehicles are public and private employee benefit plans, trusts,
corporations, other U.S. and non U.S. institutional investors, including private investment funds,
sovereign wealth funds, endowments, and individuals. Minimum note denominations for CLOs
(USD denominated notes) generally range between $100,000 and $500,000, and the minimum
investment amounts in the Closed End Funds and Hedge Funds generally range from $5 million
to $10 million, although Black Diamond and the relevant client may agree to permit an
investment in an amount smaller than the minimum stated amount, subject to any minimum
amount required in a particular governing jurisdiction.
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Black Diamond advises clients with respect to investments in syndicated bank loans, middle
market loans, asset based loans, real estate loans and/or mortgages, real estate investment trusts,
equipment loans and financings, bridge loans, debtor-in-possession financing transactions and
other restructuring financings, second lien transactions, aircraft financings, commercial real
estate, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, publicly-traded and privately placed
debt securities, and derivative instruments (primarily credit related, including credit default
swaps). Black Diamond focuses on investments in companies or situations with substantial
assets and/or enterprise value, primarily through an investment in such companies’ senior debt.
However, client investments may be investment grade or below investment grade, including
investments that are non-performing. Black Diamond may also advise clients with respect to
investments in equity securities (both long and short), U.S. and non-U.S. government securities,
repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements and other financial instruments. Black Diamond’s
primary investment strategy is similar to that of an opportunistic asset-based lender or finance
company pursuing investments in market sectors where it believes it will receive the highest risk-
adjusted yield.
In conducting its investment analysis, Black Diamond performs fundamental credit research on
potential investments and considers both quantitative and qualitative factors. Black Diamond
analyzes such quantitative factors as capital structure, operating and revenue trends, cash flow
consistency, collateral analysis, financial covenants, debt maturities and liquidity, and such
qualitative factors as management quality, competitive position within the industry, equity
sponsors, business fundamentals and legal structure. Black Diamond conducts a rigorous due
diligence process with a particular emphasis on, among other factors, a company’s market
position within a sector, dependence on access to the capital markets to fund ongoing operations,
management’s ability to operate under current market conditions, liquidation value of underlying
assets collateralizing the security being purchased, competitive environment and the extent of
overcapacity in the applicable sector, and time frame required to see overcapacity eliminated.
Black Diamond generally conducts due diligence through extensive management discussions,
collateral appraisals, on-site visits, discussions with research analysts and other sources, as well
as through the use of industry consultants unaffiliated with Black Diamond.
In effecting client transactions, Black Diamond may, at times, utilize leverage by purchasing
securities with the use of borrowed funds, selling securities short, entering into warehousing,
swap, repurchase and other financing arrangements (and other securitizations, including through
the formation of special purpose vehicles) that create leverage. The CLOs issue debt securities
collateralized by a portfolio of leveraged loans and high yield bonds and, as a result, are highly
leveraged.
A client portfolio as a whole, or specific investments within a client portfolio, may be hedged
through short sales or the use of swaps, forward contracts or other negotiated notional principal
transactions.
To the extent consistent with a client’s investment mandate, Black Diamond may utilize an
activist approach when investing client assets, including acquiring, on behalf of one or more
clients, control or blocking positions in a target company’s debt that may be converted into
controlling equity interests through financial restructurings or reorganizations in bankruptcy.
Material RisksThe following is a summary of some of the material risks associated with the investment strategy
employed by Black Diamond on behalf of clients. This summary does not attempt to describe all
of the risks associated with each client. Each client’s offering memorandum contains a more
complete description of the risks associated with an investment in each such client.
•Investing in below investment grade debt, the debt of financially-distressed companies,
borrowing funds for investment purposes, short-selling and entering into swaps and other
derivative transactions all entail significant risks. A client may acquire relatively illiquid
investments which may not be readily marketable. As a result of such limited liquidity,
market prices for such investments may be subject to greater volatility than is the case for
most debt and equity securities. Bank loans are not traded on regulated exchanges, are
not registered with U.S. or other governmental authorities and are not subject to the rules
of any self-regulatory organization. Swap and forward contracts are generally entered
into with banks, may not be assigned without the consent of the counterparty, and may
result in losses in the event of a default or bankruptcy of the counterparty.
•Black Diamond may invest client assets in distressed securities, loans and other
obligations of domestic and foreign companies that are experiencing significant financial
or business difficulties, including companies involved in bankruptcy or other
reorganization and liquidation proceedings. The level of analytical sophistication
necessary for successful investment in companies experiencing significant business and
financial difficulties is unusually high. There can be no assurance that Black Diamond
will correctly evaluate the value of a company’s assets or the prospects for a successful
reorganization or similar action. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating
to a company in which a client invests, the client may lose its entire investment, may be
required to accept cash or securities with a value less than the original investment, and/or
may be required to accept payment over an extended period of time.
Troubled companies require active monitoring and Black Diamond’s involvement may,
at times, require participation in business strategy or reorganization proceedings. To the
extent that a client becomes involved in such proceedings, the client may have a more
active participation in the affairs of the issuer than that assumed generally by an investor.
In addition, involvement by Black Diamond in an issuer’s reorganization proceedings
could result in the imposition of restrictions limiting a client’s ability to liquidate its
position in the issuer.
Black Diamond, on behalf of a client, may, from time to time, seek representation on
creditors’ committees if Black Diamond believes that such representation may be
beneficial to the client’s position as a creditor. As a representative of the client on a
creditors’ committee, Black Diamond may owe certain obligations to all creditors
similarly situated that the committee represents and may be subject to various trading or
confidentiality restrictions.
•Black Diamond, on behalf of clients, invests in debt including, without limitation, “higher
yielding” (and, therefore, higher risk) debt securities, when Black Diamond believes that
debt securities offer opportunities for capital appreciation or other economic benefit. In
many cases, such debt will be rated below “investment grade” or will be unrated and face
ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic
conditions and the issuer’s failure to make timely interest and principal payments. The
market values of certain of these debt securities may reflect individual corporate
developments. It is likely that a major economic recession could have a materially
adverse impact on the value of such securities. In addition, existing levels of credit
support or the borrower’s equity in the underlying collateral may be insufficient to
protect clients from loss. Further, adverse publicity and investor perceptions regarding
the issuers of these securities or the industries or markets in which they operate may also
decrease the value and liquidity of these debt securities.
•Black Diamond’s clients’ investments may be or may become highly illiquid, and there is
no assurance that a Black Diamond fund will be able to realize returns on such
investments in a timely manner, if at all. In its mezzanine financing strategy, Black
Diamond may invest in businesses with little or no operating history. Investments in the
mezzanine financing and distressed investing strategies may be in businesses with high
levels of debt, which carry greater risks if revenues decline and expenses increase. Black
Diamond’s decision to invest in these businesses depends sometimes on the past
successful performance of the management running these companies, and there is a risk
that the management may not perform successfully in the future.
Black Diamond is subject to the risk that it will not recover on its investments if the
portfolio companies in which it invests default on their obligations. Clients providing
mezzanine financing will not have the same right to recover from a defaulting debtor as a
secured creditor. Clients following a recovery or distressed investing strategy bear the
risks of default of the underlying investments.
•Black Diamond, on behalf of clients, may invest in securities or other financial
instruments of an issuer that are senior or junior to securities or financial instruments of
the same issuer that are held by other clients. If one client holds investments in the debt
obligations or other securities of an issuer in which other clients hold, or subsequently or
contemporaneously acquire, investments that are junior or senior in the capital structure
of such issuer to the debt obligations or other securities held by such client, decisions
about what action should be taken in a troubled situation may need to be made, including
without limitation, (i) whether or not to enforce claims, (ii) whether or not to advocate or
initiate a restructuring or liquidation inside or outside of bankruptcy, and the terms of any
work-out or restructuring, (iii) how to vote on a creditors committee or restructuring
committee, and (iv) how to exercise shareholders’ voting rights with respect to the
applicable issuer. These and similar decisions can all raise conflicts of interest. Black
Diamond will seek to resolve such conflicts of interest in a manner which is fair and
equitable to its clients. Any such conflict resolution may result in one client receiving
more or less consideration than the client may have otherwise received in the absence of
such a conflict of interest.
•Black Diamond may invest client assets in companies involved in, or that become
involved in, bankruptcy proceedings. There are a number of significant risks when
investing in companies involved in bankruptcy proceedings. For example: many events
in a bankruptcy are the product of contested matters and adversary proceedings which are
beyond the control of the creditors; following a bankruptcy filing, a company may lose its
market position and key employees and otherwise become incapable of restoring itself as
a viable entity; in a liquidation, the liquidation value of the company may not equal the
liquidation value that was believed to exist at the time of the investment; the duration of a
bankruptcy proceeding is difficult to predict and a creditor’s return on investment can be
adversely affected by delays while the plan of reorganization is being negotiated,
approved by the creditors and confirmed by the bankruptcy court; the administrative costs
in connection with a bankruptcy proceeding are frequently high and will be paid out of
the debtor’s estate prior to any return to creditors; creditors can lose their ranking and
priority if they exercise “domination and control” over a debtor and other creditors can
demonstrate that they have been harmed by such actions, especially in the case of
investments made prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings; and certain
claims, such as claims for taxes, may have priority by law over the claims of certain
creditors.
•Black Diamond’s clients may acquire, by purchase or in connection with a foreclosure or
the restructuring of a portfolio company, real property, real estate assets or equity
interests in companies primarily focused on investing, operating or managing real estate
assets. Real estate values, including of commercial and multi-family properties, are
affected by a number of factors, including changes in national or international economic
climate, adverse local and regional market conditions (such as an oversupply of space or
a reduction in demand for space), the quality and philosophy of management, competition
based on rental rates, attractiveness and location of the properties, financial conditions of
tenants, buyers and sellers of properties, quality of maintenance, insurance and
management services, changes in operating costs and changes in interest rates. Such real
estate values are also affected by such factors as government regulations, environmental
laws and regulations, changes in property taxes, changes in the tax laws, zoning
requirements, interest rate levels, the availability of financing and potential liability under
changing environmental and other laws, uninsurable losses, acts of God and other factors
beyond the control of Black Diamond. All real estate and real estate-related investments
are subject to the risks that: (a) a general downturn in the regional or local economy will
depress real estate prices, and (b) changes in interest rates may adversely affect the value
of real estate and real estate securities.
•There are varying sources of statistical default rate data for loans and high yield securities
and numerous methods for measuring default rates. The historical performance of the
high yield market or the leveraged loan market is not necessarily indicative of its future
performance. Should increases in default rates occur with respect to the securities in
which clients invest, the actual default rates of such securities may exceed the
hypothetical default rates used by Black Diamond in determining to purchase such
securities.
•Clients may invest in loan participations, which involve certain risks in addition to those
associated with direct loans. A loan participant may not have a contractual relationship
with the borrower of the underlying loan. As a result, in such circumstances, the
participant is generally dependent upon the lender to enforce its rights and obligations
under the loan agreement in the event of a default and may not have the right to object to
amendments or modifications of the terms of such loan agreement. A participant in a
syndicated loan also may not have voting rights, in which case such voting rights are
retained by the lender. In addition, a loan participant is subject to the credit risk of the
lender as well as the borrower, since a loan participant is dependent upon the lender to
pay its percentage of payments of principal and interest received on the underlying loan.
Loan participations are also subject to the possible invalidation of an investment
transaction as a “fraudulent conveyance” under relevant creditors’ rights laws and so-
called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations.
•The value of the fixed-rate securities in which clients invest generally will have an
inverse relationship with interest rates. Accordingly, if interest rates rise, the value of
such securities may decline. In addition, to the extent that the receivables or loans
underlying specific securities are prepayable, the value of such securities may be
negatively affected by increasing prepayments, which generally occur when interest rates
decline.
•Client investment activities may involve spreads between two or more positions (e.g.,
loans and LIBOR instruments). Unfavorable changes in the price differential between
positions may cause significant losses, particularly when magnified by the leverage used
in constructing the position. Changes in the shape of the yield curve may similarly cause
losses for certain fixed-rate investments.
•A portion of a client’s portfolio may consist of securities, loans and other financial
instruments and assets that are not actively and widely traded. Consequently, it may be
relatively difficult to dispose of such investments rapidly and at favorable prices in
connection with adverse market developments or other factors. Illiquid securities may
also be more difficult to value.
•Black Diamond may invest client assets in subordinated structured securities. In general,
the risks associated with an investment in structured securities include those of investing
in fixed income instruments with positive duration as well as those arising from
investment in the underlying pool of receivables. In particular, the value of receivables
will be influenced by the rate of delinquencies and defaults experienced on the
receivables and by the severity of loss incurred as a result of such defaults. The
structures used to issue these securities are often complex, unusual and difficult to
analyze, and clients will still be subject to the risk that Black Diamond will not identify
all potential risks or other material aspects of the investment.
•Clients may enter into swaps, forwards and other negotiated principal transactions and
sell securities short for hedging, leveraging or other purposes. Typically, these
techniques involve one or more of the following risks: (i) imperfect correlation between
the performance and value of the instrument and the value of the client securities or other
objective of Black Diamond; (ii) possible lack of a secondary market for closing out a
position in such instrument; (iii) losses resulting from interest rate, spread or other market
movements not anticipated by Black Diamond; (iv) the possible obligation to meet
additional margin or other payment requirements, all of which could worsen a client’s
position; and (v) default or refusal to perform on the part of the counterparty with which
the client trades.
•Client accounts may, at times, utilize leverage by purchasing securities with the use of
borrowed funds and other leveraging techniques. The use of leverage magnifies gains
and losses attributable to other investment practices such as investing in below
investment grade instruments.
•The investment strategies utilized by Black Diamond may entail the use of leverage, and
the financing arrangements may contain mark-to-market provisions, which could result in
margin calls that may be material and adverse to a client.
•Black Diamond uses swaps and may use other derivative financial instruments, including,
without limitation, warrants and options, both for hedging and speculative purposes. The
use of derivative instruments involves a variety of material risks, including the high
degree of leverage often embedded in such instruments and the possibility of
counterparty non-performance as well as of material and prolonged deviations between
the actual and the theoretical value of a derivative (
i.e., due to nonconformance to
anticipated or historical correlation patterns). In addition, the markets for certain
derivatives are frequently characterized by limited liquidity, which can make it difficult
as well as costly to close out positions in order either to realize gains or to limit losses.
Although recent legislative changes require many “over-the-counter” derivative
transactions previously entered into on a principal-to-principal basis to be submitted for
clearing by a regulated clearinghouse, certain of the derivatives that may be traded by
Black Diamond clients may remain principal-to-principal or over-the-counter contracts
between the Black Diamond client and third parties entered into privately, rather than on
an exchange. In privately negotiated transactions, the risk of the negotiated price
deviating materially from fair value is substantial, particularly when there is no active
market available from which to derive benchmark prices.
Many derivatives are valued on the basis of dealers’ pricing of these instruments.
However, the price at which dealers value a particular derivative and the price which the
same dealers would actually be willing to pay for such derivative may be materially
different.
•Black Diamond, on behalf of clients, may purchase and sell credit derivatives contracts -
primarily credit default swaps - both for hedging, investment and other purposes.
As a buyer of credit default swaps, a client will be subject to certain risks in addition to
those described above. For example, in circumstances in which the client has a delivery
obligation but does not own the debt securities that are deliverable under a credit default
swap, the client will be exposed to the risk that deliverable securities will not be available
in the market, or will be available only at unfavorable prices. In certain instances of
issuer defaults or restructurings, it has been unclear under the standard industry
documentation for credit default swaps whether or not a “credit event” triggering the
seller’s payment obligation had occurred. In either of these cases, the client may not be
able to realize the full value of the credit default swap upon a default by the reference
entity.
As a seller of credit default swaps, a client will incur leveraged exposure to the credit of
the reference entity and is subject to many of the same risks it would incur if it were
holding debt securities issued by the reference entity. However, the client will not have
any legal recourse against the reference entity and will not benefit from any collateral
securing the reference entity’s debt obligations. In addition, the credit default swap buyer
may have broad discretion to select which of the reference entity’s debt obligations to
deliver to the client following a credit event.
•Client assets are often invested in instruments and securities that are not traded on
“exchange based” markets. The participants in such markets are typically not subject to
the same credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of “exchange-based”
markets. In addition, many of the protections afforded to participants on some organized
exchanges, such as the performance guarantee of an exchange clearinghouse, might not
be available in connection with such non-cleared “over-the-counter” transactions. This
exposes clients to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance
with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether
or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing a client to
suffer a loss. Moreover, Black Diamond, on behalf of a client, may not have the ability to
conduct a meaningful and independent evaluation of such counterparties’ financial
capabilities. Such “counterparty risk” is accentuated for contracts with longer maturities
where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where transactions are concentrated
with a single or small group of counterparties. In addition, counterparties may, from time
to time, cease making markets or quoting prices in certain instruments resulting in an
inability for a client to enter into a desired transaction or to enter into an offsetting
transaction with respect to an open position, which might adversely affect client
performance. In addition, Black Diamond may, on behalf of clients, use counterparties
located in various jurisdictions outside the United States. Such counterparties would be
subject to various laws and regulations in various jurisdictions that are designed to
protect their customers in the event of their insolvency. However, the practical effect of
these laws and their application to client assets are subject to substantial limitations and
uncertainties.
•Client assets may be invested in securities of non-U.S. issuers and securities denominated
in non-U.S. currencies and related derivative and currency contracts. Investing in non-
U.S. securities and/or currencies may present a greater degree of risk than investing in
U.S. securities due to possible exchange rate fluctuations, possible exchange controls,
less publicly-available information, more volatile markets, less securities regulation and
less favorable tax provisions (including possible withholding taxes). While Black
Diamond generally seeks to hedge currency risk fluctuation, there is no assurance that it
will be able to do so or that any such hedging will be effective.
Investments in non-U.S. securities may be affected by political, social and economic
uncertainty affecting a country or region. The legal and regulatory environment may also
be different between countries, particularly as to bankruptcy and reorganization. There
may be less publicly available information about certain non-U.S. companies than would
be the case for comparable companies in the United States and certain non-U.S.
companies may not be subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards
and requirements comparable to or as uniform as those of United States companies.
Securities markets outside the United States, while growing in volume, have for the most
part substantially less volume than U.S. markets, and many securities traded on these
non-U.S. markets are less liquid and their prices more volatile than securities of
comparable United States companies. In addition, settlement of trades in some non-U.S.
markets is much slower and more subject to failure than in U.S. markets. These risks may
be greater for companies in emerging markets.
•Black Diamond clients may make non-control investments in the debt and equity
securities of stressed and distressed companies. As a result, such clients may have
minimal ability to influence the management of such companies or otherwise effect
change or influence any reorganization or workout or bankruptcy proceeding relating to
such companies. In addition, other market participants may hold control positions in the
equity or debt securities of such companies in which case the performance of such
clients’ investments in such companies will be dependent on the actions of such other
market participants, which market participants may take actions with which Black
Diamond disagrees.
•The financial services industry generally, and the activities of private equity and
alternative investment firms and their investment managers and advisers in particular,
have been subject to intense and increasing regulatory scrutiny. Such scrutiny may
increase Black Diamond’s clients’ exposure to potential liabilities and to legal,
compliance and other related costs. Increased regulatory oversight may also impose
additional administrative burdens on Black Diamond, including, without limitation,
responding to investigations and regulatory examinations, implementing new policies and
procedures and complying with reporting obligations. Such burdens may divert Black
Diamond’s time, attention and resources from portfolio management activities.
•Client assets may be invested in equity securities, whether publicly traded or privately
issued, that Black Diamond believes to be undervalued. The identification of investment
opportunities in undervalued securities is a difficult task, and there is no assurance that
such opportunities will be successfully recognized or that the securities purchased will, in
fact, be undervalued or not result in substantial losses. Clients may also invest in equity
securities, generally unregistered and privately issued, to acquire a control position in the
issuer of such securities. Such securities may be illiquid and may be substantially
subordinated to other instruments in the issuer’s capital structure. In addition, clients may
be required, as a matter of law, contract or market conditions, to hold such securities for a
substantial period of time before realizing their anticipated value or ultimately
capitalizing on the overall investment in the issuer. During this period, such securities
may be subject to wide and sudden fluctuations in market value, and the capital
committed to such investments will not be available for investment in other opportunities.
There can be no assurance that the returns generated from equity investments will
adequately compensate clients for the business and financial risks assumed.
•Black Diamond may at times allocate a substantial portion of client capital to a limited
number of securities or other investments. This lack of diversification may expose the
client to substantial losses in the event one or more concentrated positions experience
substantial losses.
•Certain of Black Diamond’s investment activities on behalf of clients may include
activities that are contentious in nature and could subject it to the risks of becoming
involved in litigation with third parties. This risk may be greater where a client, or a
client together with other clients of Black Diamond, exercises control or significant
influence over a company’s direction. The acquisition, ownership and disposition of real
property also expose clients to the risk of litigation. The expense of litigating claims
against third parties and paying any amounts pursuant to settlements or judgments would
be borne by the client.
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Black Diamond has no legal or disciplinary events to report that would be material to a client’s
or prospective client’s evaluation of Black Diamond’s advisory business or the integrity of its
management.
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Each of the Black Diamond Affiliates serves either as investment adviser to and/or general
partner of a client. The Black Diamond Service Affiliates provide investment advisory services
to other Black Diamond Affiliates. The Black Diamond Affiliates and the Black Diamond
Service Affiliates are registered as investment advisers with the SEC as relying advisers to
BDCM, with whom they are under common control and supervision.
Black Diamond Commercial Finance, L.L.C., a commercial loan origination firm (“BDCF”), is
affiliated with Black Diamond by common ownership. Black Diamond clients may purchase
loans originated, structured or serviced by BDCF for which BDCF receives fees. Conflicts of
interest arising out of such transactions are discussed below under “Code of Ethics, Participation
or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading –Conflicts of Interest.”
Affiliates of Black Diamond own aircraft. Black Diamond may utilize travel related services
provided by such affiliates as described herein.
Black Diamond Capital Management Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Black Diamond, is
located in London, England, and is authorized by the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority to serve
as investment adviser of Black Diamond clients and to advise on and manage investments of
Black Diamond clients. Black Diamond Capital Management Limited’s primary responsibilities
are to identify potential investments in the European debt markets for Black Diamond clients,
and to monitor investments in the European debt markets made by the Black Diamond clients as
well as the European CDO Funds that are still managed by GSCP (NJ), L.P. subject to the
Services Agreement.
CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST INCLIENT TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADINGCode of EthicsBlack Diamond has adopted a Code of Ethics predicated on the principle that Black Diamond
owes a fiduciary duty to its clients. Accordingly, Black Diamond’s employees must avoid
activities, interests and relationships that run contrary (or appear to run contrary) to the best
interests of its clients. The following set of principles frames the professional and ethical
conduct that Black Diamond expects from its employees:
Act with integrity, competence, diligence and in an ethical manner with the public,
clients, prospective investors, employers, employees, colleagues in the investment
profession, and other participants in the global capital markets;
Place the interests of clients above one’s own personal interests;
Adhere to the fundamental standard that the employee should not take inappropriate
advantage of his or her position;
Comply with the Black Diamond’s Insider Trading Policy and the Prohibition on
Personal Trading;
Use reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgment when conducting
investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment actions
and engaging in other professional activities;
Practice and encourage others to practice in a professional and ethical manner that will
reflect credit on himself or herself and the profession;
Promote the integrity of, and uphold the rules governing, capital markets;
Maintain and improve his or her professional competence and strive to maintain and
improve the competence of other investment professionals; and
Comply with applicable provisions of the federal securities laws.
The Code of Ethics provides that Black Diamond employees may not purchase or sell any
security for their own accounts in a proprietary account unless the transaction occurs in open-end
mutual funds, including money market funds, exchange traded funds or unit investment trusts
that invest exclusively in open-end mutual funds, exchange traded funds, direct obligations of the
U.S. government, municipal securities, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt
instruments, bankers acceptances and bank certificates of deposit, commodity futures and
commodity pools and private investment funds, in accordance with reporting and certain pre-
clearance procedures, except with the prior written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer in
limited circumstances.
The Code of Ethics also provides that Black Diamond employees are prohibited from effecting
transactions on behalf of any Black Diamond client in publicly or privately traded securities
issued by companies for which Black Diamond possesses material non-public information. All
employees, whether investment professionals or non-investment professionals, will be regarded
as having access to any non-public information about a company that has been received by any
other employee.
Black Diamond will provide, at no cost, a copy of its Code of Ethics to its clients and prospective
clients (or clients in formation), including, as appropriate, their boards of directors or trustees.
Black Diamond will also provide a copy of its code of ethics to the investors in clients upon
request.
Conflicts of InterestBlack Diamond may enter into transactions constituting principal transactions (within the
meaning of and in accordance with Section 206(3)) with clients of the Black Diamond Affiliates
subject to the requirements of Section 206(3) of the Advisers Act, any other applicable law and
the applicable client’s governing documents. In such transactions, Black Diamond would act as
principal for its own account with respect to the sale of a security to or purchase of a security
from the client. Black Diamond clients may also enter into client cross transactions in
accordance with applicable law and each client’s governing documents. The Hedge Funds,
Closed End Funds and CLOs maintain advisory or investor committees, as disclosed in the
relevant offering memoranda. Principal transactions are submitted for approval or denial of
approval to such committees and/or the applicable client’s independent directors in accordance
with such client’s governing documents before the applicable transaction is executed. Approval
by the advisory or investor committee (or independent directors) constitutes consent of the client
for Black Diamond to engage in the transaction for which approval was obtained. Any advisory
or investor committee member or director affiliated with Black Diamond will be recused from
voting with respect to principal transactions or other issues that may give rise to a conflict of
interest.
It is expected that a portion of the assets of Black Diamond clients may be loans that BDCF
originated, assisted in structuring or acted or acts as an agent and in respect of which BDCF
receives origination and/or other fees. To the extent that such transactions are principal
transactions, such transactions will be completed in compliance with the Advisers Act (which
may be accomplished by seeking the prior consent of an independent advisory committee to the
terms of purchase as set forth in a client offering memorandum).
BDCM Opportunity Fund II Adviser, L.L.C., BDCM Opportunity Fund III Adviser, L.L.C.,
BDCM Opportunity Fund IV Adviser, L.L.C., BDCM Opportunity Fund V Adviser, L.L.C.,
BDCM Strategic Capital Fund I Adviser, L.L.C. and GSCAH each serve as investment advisers
to domestic Closed End Funds, organized as limited partnerships into which related offshore
Closed End Funds invest (or will invest) substantially all of their assets, and in each case, such
funds are advised by the same adviser. The management fee applicable to a Closed End Fund
investor is waived with respect to its related upper or lower tier fund’s investment, as applicable,
so investors in the Closed End Funds do not bear dual management fees.
Each Black Diamond Affiliate serving as general partner of a client fund organized as a limited
partnership maintains a general partner interest in the client fund. BDCM Fund Adviser, L.L.C.,
Black Diamond Credit Strategies Fund Adviser, L.L.C., their beneficial owners and employees
of Black Diamond collectively hold direct investments and other rights representing a significant
percentage of the aggregate assets of the Hedge Funds. The general partners of the Closed End
Funds and certain employees of Black Diamond or former employees of GSC hold direct
investments or other rights in the Closed End Funds. Black Diamond believes that its interests,
and those of its principals and employees, in Black Diamond clients align Black Diamond’s
interests with those of investors in the clients and do not give rise to any significant conflicts of
interest.
BDCM Fund Adviser, L.L.C. serves as the investment adviser to the BDC Finance LLC Hedge
Funds and Black Diamond Credit Strategies Fund Adviser, L.L.C. serves as the investment
adviser to the Credit Strategies Hedge Funds. Certain of the Hedge Funds have invested in
certain of the Opportunity Funds and BD CLOs, certain of the Opportunity Funds have invested
in certain of the Hedge Funds, and GSCAH has invested in certain of the Hedge Funds and
certain BD CLOs. These investments, and the potential for similar investments in the future, are
disclosed in the offering memoranda for the applicable client. The Black Diamond Affiliates
receiving management fees or performance based compensation from the Opportunity Funds and
the BD CLOs rebate to the applicable master fund such management fees and compensation
earned in respect of such master fund’s investments in these clients so that investors do not bear
dual management fees.
Other clients formerly managed by GSC have invested in securities issued by GSC CDOs or
other issuers formerly managed under GSC. For example, a European Mezzanine Fund and
certain GSC Private Equity Funds hold interests in several GSC CDOs and certain GSC CDOs
have participated in loans for portfolio companies controlled by clients formerly managed by
GSC. The terms of these investments include a reduction or assignment of the management and
other fees payable by investors in such clients or the assignment of all or a portion of the
management fees in such investment vehicles earned in respect of such investments.
Black Diamond or its clients may invest in loans and securities of an issuer that are senior to, or
have interests different from or adverse to, the loans and securities of such issuer in which
another client has invested. If clients hold different classes of securities of an issuer and that
issuer encounters financial problems, decisions over the terms of any workout or reorganization
may raise conflicts of interests. For example, a senior debt holder may be better served by a
liquidation of the issuer in which it will be paid in full, whereas a junior debt holder might prefer
a reorganization that could create value for the junior debt holder. Black Diamond will
endeavor to identify and resolve conflicts with respect to such investments in a manner which it
deems equitable under the facts and circumstances and in accordance with applicable legal
requirements, including, without limitation, the federal securities laws and the Advisers Act.
Black Diamond may make an investment recommendation regarding certain securities or
financial instruments based on a client’s specific investment objectives and strategies that may
be contrary to an investment held by or recommendation made to another client. For example, a
client may hold a long position in a certain company and at the same time another client may
hold a short position in the same company, or a client may directly or indirectly have exposure to
a loan that is contrary to or at a different level than that of another client. Black Diamond will
make investment decisions separately based upon the investment objectives, risk and return
profile, existing exposure to security, issuer or industry, liquidity considerations and other
potentially competing factors applicable to each of its clients.
Black Diamond has adopted policies and procedures to address potential conflicts among clients.
Relevant policies and procedures for a particular client are described in greater detail in the
client’s governing documents or offering materials. With respect to affiliate transactions
(including investments by a client in another investment vehicle advised by Black Diamond), the
relevant governing documents may provide for consultation regarding or approval of such
transactions by a person or body such as a trustee, a board of directors, an advisory committee
comprised of limited partners of the investing clients or by an advisory board comprised of
independent investment professionals. Black Diamond’s policies and procedures for addressing
such potential conflicts, together with the provisions of relevant governing documents
concerning such potential conflicts, may limit the ability of Black Diamond to buy or sell a
security for a client or otherwise participate in an investment opportunity for a client or to take
other actions that it might consider in the best interests of a client and its investors.
Black Diamond may from time to time acquire, hold or sell, for its own account, loans and
securities which may also be appropriate for, or purchased or sold for, Black Diamond clients.
Black Diamond has no duty in making any such investments to act in a way that is favorable to
the Black Diamond clients, and such investments may be different from those made on behalf of
the Black Diamond clients. Except as may be required by applicable provisions of the Advisers
Act or the governing documents, including side letters, of its clients, Black Diamond is not under
any obligation to offer investment opportunities of which it becomes aware to any particular
client or share with or inform any particular client of any such investments before engaging in
any investments for themselves.
Black Diamond will endeavor to identify and resolve conflicts with respect to investment
opportunities in a manner that it deems equitable under the facts and circumstances and in
accordance with applicable legal requirements. In the case of prospective investments which are
suitable for client accounts and in which client accounts are able to invest, Black Diamond will
consider whether the clients will make such investments prior to any investment being made by
Black Diamond. If the client accounts (because of suitability, asset allocation, liquidity, capacity
or other reasons) do not invest or do not utilize all or any portion of the opportunity, Black
Diamond may make an investment. Also, see “Brokerage Practices –Trade Allocation” below.
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Black Diamond uses a variety of securities brokers and dealers on behalf of clients and may have
long-standing business relationships with a number of such brokers and dealers. Black Diamond
is responsible for the placement of client portfolio transactions and the negotiation of prices and
commissions, if any, with respect to such transactions. Fixed income and unlisted equity
securities are generally purchased from a primary market maker acting as principal on a net basis
without a stated commission but at prices generally reflecting a dealer spread or mark-up. Listed
equity securities are normally purchased through brokers in transactions executed on securities
exchanges involving negotiated commissions. Both fixed income and equity securities are also
purchased in underwritten offerings at fixed prices which include discounts to underwriters
and/or concessions to dealers.
In selecting brokers and dealers for clients and placing portfolio transactions, Black Diamond
will consider such factors as price (including the applicable dealer spread or commission, if any),
execution capabilities, reputation, infrastructure, reliability, financial resources, and the quality
of any research products or services and other value added services.
If Black Diamond does determine to engage in “soft dollar” arrangements, a client may pay
commissions, spreads or mark-ups to a broker or dealer in an amount greater than the amount
another broker or dealer charges if Black Diamond determines, in good faith, that the amount of
commissions, spreads or mark-ups charged by such broker or dealer is reasonable in relation to
the value of the brokerage, research products or services and any other property, products or
services provided by such broker or dealer. Any such research and/or other services or products
obtained with “soft dollars” generated by a client’s transactional activity may be used by Black
Diamond to service clients other than the client generating such “soft dollars” and would be a
benefit to Black Diamond in that Black Diamond would not have to pay for or provide such
research, services or other products itself. Black Diamond will provide clients and their
investors with information about any products or services provided by broker dealers pursuant to
“soft dollar” arrangements and will provide more detailed information about any such products
or services falling outside the safe-harbor of Section 28(e) of the Securities and Exchange Act of
1934.
Trade Allocation. The decision as to whether an investment is suitable for a client and what
allocation of capital should be made to an investment will be made by Black Diamond, which
may be subject to a conflict of interest between acting in a client’s best interests and making an
investment available to other clients or Black Diamond. Black Diamond will allocate investment
opportunities among clients in accordance with Black Diamond’s trade allocation policy, which
takes into account which clients’ investment strategies are suitable for the investment and
whether the applicable clients are in their respective investment periods, and the allocation is
generally made among the applicable clients
pro rata based on fund size and maximum position
limits determined appropriate by Black Diamond.
Black Diamond has established a Best Execution Committee, which has oversight responsibility
for Black Diamond’s policies and practices with respect to the execution of transactions for
client accounts.
Trade ErrorsBlack Diamond may on occasion experience errors with respect to trades made on behalf of
clients, although the nature of the assets in which Black Diamond’s clients trade and the manner
and timing under which such trades are conducted in the marketplace makes such errors
relatively uncommon. Black Diamond attempts to minimize trade errors by promptly
reconciling trade confirmations, trade tickets, commitment letters and assignment documents.
Absent a violation of Black Diamond’s standard of care set forth in the appropriate client
governing documents, all of the benefits and burdens of a trade error will be borne by the
relevant client.
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Review of the investment activity and performance of each Black Diamond client is a continuous
process. Investors in the Hedge Funds and Strategic Capital Funds receive monthly performance
reports, quarterly capital statements, annual audited financial statements and, if applicable,
annual tax reporting information; investors in the Private Equity Funds receive quarterly
performance reports and capital statements, annual audited financial statements and, if
applicable, annual tax reporting information; and Black Diamond and the trustees of the CLOs
deliver reports to investors at least quarterly and annually and often provide periodic updates,
reports, or letters to investors, in accordance with the governing documents for those vehicles or
as may otherwise be deemed appropriate by Black Diamond.
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Black Diamond does not pay for client referrals. Black Diamond may pay, out of its own funds
directly or by offset against management fees, placement agents in connection with the sale of
interests in the Closed End Funds or the Hedge Funds. Underwriters distributing CLO notes
receive placement fees and structuring fees and offer the notes to prospective purchasers in
individually negotiated transactions at varying prices determined at the time of sale, which may
be a higher price than that paid by the underwriter when it purchased the notes from the CLO.
Black Diamond may, subject to provisions regarding entitlement to ancillary fees set forth in
client governing documents, receive advisory fees, organization or success fees, break-up fees,
directors’ fees, monitoring fees, consulting fees, transaction fees and other similar fees. Director
fees paid to Black Diamond employees for serving on the board of directors of any company in
which clients are invested will, subject to the provisions regarding entitlement to ancillary fees
set forth in client governing documents, be retained by Black Diamond. The governing
documents of certain Black Diamond clients may require that some or all of such ancillary fees
allocated to those clients (which are generally allocated based on relative amounts invested by
such clients) be rebated to such client as a credit against the management fee. To the extent that
a client’s governing documents do not require such rebate, Black Diamond will generally retain
the amount of such fees allocable to such client.
Black Diamond clients may, subject to provisions regarding entitlement to the following fees set
forth in client governing documents, receive fees in connection with such client’s investments,
including, but not limited to, amendment fees, commitment fees, waiver fees and collateral
release fees. BDCF may receive fees including, without limitation, in connection with the
origination, syndication or administration of loans or other financial instruments, to the extent
that such fees are (A) in consideration of services that BDCF has historically been in the business
of providing, and (B) paid to BDCF on terms at least as favorable to such client or the applicable
portfolio company, as applicable, as those reasonably expected by Black Diamond to be
available in an arm's-length transaction with an independent third party. Fees received by BDCF
will be retained by BDCF.
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Client assets are held in custody by unaffiliated qualified custodians. However, Black Diamond
is deemed to have custody of the assets of the Closed End Funds and Hedge Funds for which a
Black Diamond Affiliate serves as general partner or investment adviser (and may be deemed to
have custody of the assets of certain other clients). Each client for whom the assets Black
Diamond has or is deemed to have custody is subject to an annual audit by an auditor registered
with and subject to inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the
audited financial statements are distributed to each investor in each client within 120 days of
each such client’s fiscal year-end.
Black Diamond does not have custody of the assets of the CLOs.
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Subject to applicable standards set forth in the governing documents for the clients, including the
CLO indentures, Black Diamond has no limit on its discretionary authority to determine the type,
amount and price of securities or investments to be bought and sold on behalf of clients,
including the selection of and commissions paid to brokers, consistent with client investment
mandates as expressed in the relevant client governing documents.
Black Diamond is granted its authority to trade on behalf of clients pursuant to an investment
management agreement entered into by the client and the relevant Black Diamond Affiliate
and/or pursuant to the limited partnership agreement of a limited partnership client.
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Black Diamond accepts authority to vote securities held by its clients. It is the policy of Black
Diamond when exercising voting rights to do so on behalf of clients in the interest of maximizing
client investor value. To that end, Black Diamond will vote in a way that it believes, consistent
with its fiduciary duty, will, over time, cause the value of the investment to increase the most or
decline the least. Consideration will be given to both the short and long term implications of the
proposal to be voted on when considering the optimal vote. Black Diamond has in place voting
procedures designed to enable Black Diamond to resolve material conflicts of interest that may
arise between Black Diamond and its clients and their investors before exercising voting rights.
Black Diamond clients, including, as appropriate, their boards of directors or trustees, may
obtain a copy of Black Diamond’s voting policy and information about how Black Diamond has
exercised voting rights with respect to assets held by such clients by request to Black Diamond.
It is Black Diamond’s policy not to reveal or disclose to any investor in any Black Diamond
client how Black Diamond may have voted (or intends to vote) on a particular matter. Black
Diamond does not disclose such information to unrelated third parties unless doing so would be
in the client’s best interest.
Black Diamond does not commit to participate in all class actions that may arise with regard to
any client portfolio securities. Black Diamond will evaluate the costs versus the benefits of
participation in the suit for each pertinent client and unless it determines that it would be in the
best interests of the client, Black Diamond will not elect to participate in the class action.
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Black Diamond is not aware of any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its
ability to meet contractual commitments to clients.
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