Merced Capital Background and Ownership
Merced Capital was formed in 1988 by three executives from the Cargill Inc. financial trading
business. The three founders retired in 1998, 2005 and 2013. Merced Capital is owned by the
senior members of management of Merced Capital. The general partners of the various Merced
Capital-managed funds described below are also owned by members of Merced Capital’s senior
management. A description of the education and qualifications of these principals of the business
is provided below.
Merced Capital provides investment advisory services to eight pooled investment vehicles, seven
of which are Delaware limited partnerships and one of which is a Delaware limited liability
company (each, a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”):
Fund Type Merced Partners Limited Partnership (“Merced”)
General Partner: Merced Capital
Annual Liquidity
Merced Partners III, L.P. (“Merced III”)
General Partner: Lydiard Partners III, LLC (“Lydiard III”)
Lock-up
Merced Partners IV, L.P. (“Merced IV”)
General Partner: Series M4 of Merced Capital Partners, LLC
(“Series M4”)
Lock-up
Merced Partners V, L.P. (“Merced V”)
General Partner: Series M5 of Merced Capital Partners, LLC
(“Series M5”)
Lock-up
AGH Acquisition Partners, LLC (“AGHAP”)
Managing Member: Series A of MC AGH Partners, LLC
(“MC AGH Series A”)
Lock-up
Merced Real Estate Partners I, L.P. (“MREP”)
General Partner: Series MRE1 of Merced Capital Partners,
LLC (“Series MRE1”)
Lock-up
References in this brochure to “general partners” of the Funds include MC AGH Series A, the
managing member of AGHAP. References in this brochure to “limited partners” of the Funds
include the non-managing members of AGHAP, as well as “Feeder Investors” in AGHAP as set
forth in AGHAP’s limited liability company agreement. Finally, references to the Funds’
“partnership agreements” include the limited liability company agreement for AGHAP.
All of the Fund general partners are owned and controlled by senior management of Merced
Capital, and all have entered into written management agreements with Merced Capital pursuant
to which Merced Capital provides investment advisory services to the Funds of which they are
general partner. Other than Merced Capital, none of the Fund general partners has any
employees.
None of the lock-up Funds is open to new investors and none is accepting capital commitments in addition to existing commitments from existing investors. Interests in
Merced are not being offered to the public generally and Merced is not engaged in a general
solicitation. Merced may accept a limited amount of new investments from investors meeting the
suitability standards set forth in its private placement memorandum.
The “lock-up” Funds do not permit their limited partners to withdraw invested capital except at
the end of the life of the Funds; rather, with the exception of AGHAP, capital is expected to be
distributed by the general partner once the Fund’s respective commitment period has ended and
the Fund enters its “harvest period”, when its investments will be liquidated over a period of
several years. The lock-up Funds’ respective limited partnership agreements set forth the
commitment period and harvest period for the Funds. The commitment periods of the lock-up
Funds range from one year to five years and, except for Merced V and MREP, have ended. Only
Merced, Merced V, MREP and AGHAP actively seek to make new investments at this time.
Merced IV entered its harvest period on December 31, 2016 and will not make additional
investments except in limited circumstances as set forth in its limited partnership agreement.
Merced III is also in its harvest period and is in the process of liquidating investments it holds.
The harvest periods of the lock-up Funds (other than AGHAP) range from nearly three years to
five years, which in some cases may be extended by the general partner under the terms of the
limited partnership agreement. ILS Partners, L.P. and Merced Shipping Partners, L.P. completed
liquidation of their respective non-cash investments and were terminated as of December 31,
2018.
With respect to AGHAP, there is no commitment period or harvest period; rather, the managing
member has the discretion to retain and reinvest capital throughout the life of the company.
Under the terms of AGHAP’s limited liability company agreement, the company’s term will
expire no later than June 30, 2047, unless sooner dissolved under certain circumstances set forth
in the limited liability company agreement, including (a) upon the vote of 66 2/3% of the
company’s membership interests, following the occurrence of any act or omission by MC AGH
Series A or its members that results in either a criminal indictment of such person of a crime that
is related to AGHAP’s business or a judicial determination that such act or omission constitutes
fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence that is related to AGHAP’s business, if 66-2/3% in
Interest (as defined in AGHAP’s limited liability company agreement) determines in writing to
effect a dissolution and notify the Managing Member; or (b) following October 11, 2018, upon
the vote of 85% of the company’s membership interests.
From time to time Merced Capital expects to form additional investment partnerships to pursue
investment strategies it finds attractive. These strategies may be similar to strategies currently
employed by Merced Capital and are likely to include new strategies as well.
Merced Capital does not currently provide investment advisory services directly to any investors
in the Funds (other than to Merced, which is an investor in AGHAP), or to any separately
managed accounts, but it may do so in the future.
Key Personnel
Merced Capital relies on the following senior members of its management to advise the Funds
and operate and manage its investment advisory business:
David Ericson
Mr. Ericson is a partner in Merced Capital and a co-founder of Lydiard II, Lydiard III,
Series M4, Series M5, Series MSP and MC AGH Series A. Private asset and distressed
debt investing have been the focus of his professional career. Prior to joining Merced
Capital in 2001, Mr. Ericson managed capital at Morgens-Waterfall-Vintiadis,
Touchstone Capital and Cargill Inc. Mr. Ericson received a B.A. in International
Relations from the University of Minnesota in 1983 and a MBA from the University of
Chicago in 1987. Mr. Ericson was born in 1959.
Vincent Vertin
Mr. Vertin is a partner in Merced Capital, Lydiard II, Lydiard III, Series M4, Series M5,
Series MSP and MC AGH Series A. A wide range of finance and investing activity has
been the focus of his professional career. Prior to joining Merced Capital in 2004, Mr.
Vertin was an analyst at Providence Capital, an investment banker at JP Morgan and
Dain Rauscher Wessels, a math instructor at the U.S. Naval Academy and a Captain in
the U.S. Marine Corps. Mr. Vertin received a B.S. in Mathematics from the U.S. Naval
Academy in 1992 as well as an M.S. in Applied Mathematics & Business from George
Washington University in 1993. Mr. Vertin was born in 1969.
Hendrik Vroege
Mr. Vroege is a partner in Merced Capital, Lydiard II, Lydiard III, Series M4, Series M5,
Series MSP and MC AGH Series A. Wind and other energy-related investing have been
the focus of his professional career. Prior to joining Merced Capital in 2004, Mr. Vroege
managed capital at Fortis Group. Mr. Vroege received a B.A. in Finance from the
University of Oregon in 1986, a MBA from Rotterdam School of Management in 1988,
and completed the Tuck Executive Program at Dartmouth College in 2000. Mr. Vroege
was born in 1964.
Stuart Brown
Mr. Brown is a partner in Merced Capital, Lydiard II, Lydiard III, Series M4, Series M5,
Series MSP and MC AGH Series A. Distressed investing has been the focus of his entire
professional career. Prior to joining Merced Capital in 2003, Mr. Brown worked at
Avenue Capital, Morgens-Waterfall-Vintiadis, Touchstone Capital and Cargill Inc. Mr.
Brown received a B.A. in Economics from Northwestern University in 1986 and a MBA
from Northwestern University in 1988. Mr. Brown was born in 1964.
Thomas Rock
Mr. Rock is the General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer of Merced Capital and a
partner in Merced Capital, Lydiard II, Lydiard III, Series M4, Series M5, Series MSP and
MC AGH Series A. Transactional and other legal work have been the focus of his
professional career. Prior to joining Merced Capital in 2005, Mr. Rock was Associate
General Counsel at GE Capital, General Counsel at Smarte Carte, and was a partner at
Oppenheimer Wolff & Donnelly and Rider Bennett. Mr. Rock received a B.A. in English
from Carleton College in 1984 and a J.D. from Boston College Law School in 1987. Mr.
Rock was born in 1962.
Joel W. Anderson
Mr. Anderson is the Chief Financial Officer of Merced Capital and a partner in Merced
Capital, Series M4, Series M5, Series MSP and MC AGH Series A. He has worked in
the investment advisory industry for his entire professional career. He joined Merced
Capital in 1998 and became CFO in 2008. Prior to joining Merced Capital in 1998, Mr.
Anderson worked for another investment advisor in Minneapolis. Mr. Anderson received
his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Minnesota – Morris in 1997, where he
double-majored in Management and Economics and minored in Mathematics. He earned
a Masters of Business Administration from the University of Minnesota in 2003. Mr.
Anderson was born in 1975.
Michael M. Sullivan
Mr. Sullivan is a partner in Series M5 and MC AGH Series A. A wide range of
investment and legal work has been the focus of his professional career. Prior to joining
Merced Capital in 2007, Mr. Sullivan was in management at Solonis/Intrascapes Data
and held partner and associate positions at Rider Bennett. Mr. Sullivan received a B.S. in
Business Administration from Colorado College in 1982 and a J.D. from the University
of Minnesota in 1990. Mr. Sullivan was born in 1959.
Joseph McElroy
Mr. McElroy is a partner in Series M5. His professional career is comprised of a wide
range of analytical and investing experience at investment banking, private equity, and
hedge fund firms. Prior to joining Merced Capital in 2015, Mr. McElroy held analytical
and investment positions at Merrill Lynch, Norwest Equity Partners, and CarVal
Investors. Mr. McElroy earned a B.A. in Finance, Investment, and Banking from the
University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2006 and an M.B.A. from Harvard in 2011. Mr.
McElroy was born in 1984.
Investment Philosophy and Strategy
Merced Capital focuses on trading in debt and equity securities and other obligations of
financially distressed entities, high yield, below investment-grade or unrated debt securities,
special and control situation transactions, and other trades deemed appropriate by Merced Capital.
In addition, Merced Capital-managed funds invest in real estate, aircraft and aircraft leases,
ocean-going vessels, equipment, renewable energy, insurance-linked securities, natural resources,
and other types of assets. The partnership agreements governing the Funds give Merced Capital
wide discretion to determine the investment strategy for the Funds, except in cases where the
Fund was established to pursue a very specific strategy (as in the case of MREP, which was
organized to invest in residential homebuilding projects in the United States),). The investment
strategy and objective of each Fund is set forth in the Fund’s offering document. Merced Capital
may expand its areas of expertise in response to market conditions or other external factors. A
brief explanation of the primary strategies employed by Merced Capital follows:
Financially distressed entities are those financially troubled entities on the verge or in the
process of a major financial restructuring and involve deteriorating as well as defaulted
securities. Restructuring of distressed entities is the process of re-balancing assets and
liabilities in a more financially prudent fashion. This process can take place either
through a formal bankruptcy proceeding or restructuring outside of a court’s
supervision. This process creates opportunities to trade in different types of securities or
obligations with different risk-reward profiles at different times in an entity’s
restructuring cycle. This cycle can last anywhere from a month to five years or longer.
High yield, below investment-grade or unrated securities involve situations in which
there is speculative credit risk and where the debtor is unlikely to obtain credit from
traditional sources, such as banks.
“Special situation” transactions are those assets that may be acquired at a discount to
their inherent value. Typically, these situations arise because the assets lack transparency
or liquidity. Some of these trades may arise as a result of Merced Capital’s role as
advisor to other entities. Trades in this area include equipment and real estate, where
Merced Capital has historically concentrated a great deal of its investments.
Historically, Merced has traded primarily in below investment-grade or unrated securities and
other obligations and acquired interests in financially distressed entities. Merced expects to
continue to trade and invest with a similar risk profile. Merced has also allocated a material
portion of its assets to “special situation” transactions. Typically these types of investments have
been more difficult to exit, primarily because they consist of assets that are not traded on an
exchange. For the foreseeable future, it is not anticipated that Merced will invest a material
percentage of its assets in special situation opportunities (although it is not prohibited from doing
so). Merced has acquired these special situation positions primarily through privately negotiated
purchases (“Private Transactions”).
Merced V and AGHAP will likely continue following the same philosophies and strategies
employed by predecessor lock-up funds managed by Merced Capital. To date, Merced V and
AGHAP have invested under each of the primary strategies employed by Merced Capital, and
intend to continue seeking investments under these primary strategies and, potentially, in other
assets and asset classes. MREP, formed to make predominantly equity investments in U.S.
residential homebuilding projects, limits its investments to real estate.
In the past the Funds have not used borrowed money (leverage) at the Fund level, and have used
leverage at the asset-level on a highly selective basis in limited circumstances (for example, in
leveraged aircraft sale-leaseback transactions or commercial property acquisitions). However,
this policy is continuously reviewed, and the Funds may employ leverage of Fund capital in the
future. In addition, to the extent the Funds own and control private operating companies, those
companies may use debt as a part of their capital structure. The Funds are permitted to engage in
short selling of securities, which involves borrowing securities and then selling them.
Merced Capital-managed funds’ activities may include purchasing, short selling or spread trading
any or all of the securities within different companies’ capital structure. These securities may be
publicly or privately traded.
Merced Capital has traditionally limited the number of trades made outside the United States and,
accordingly, the Funds have incurred limited foreign exchange risk. While Merced, Merced IV,
Merced V and AGHAP are not precluded from trading in foreign assets or from incurring foreign
exchange risk – and do currently invest in foreign real estate and financial assets – it is not
anticipated that foreign transactions will be a major focus of these funds within the foreseeable
future but they are not precluded from trading in foreign assets or from incurring foreign
exchange risk. Merced Capital employs various strategies to hedge foreign exchange risk,
including entering into forward purchase contracts with respect to currencies in which
investments are denominated.
Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of interest arise from time to time in the conduct of Merced Capital’s advisory business.
Merced Capital and the other general partners of the Funds are given very wide discretion and
independence under the partnership agreements governing the Funds – which is typical in the
private fund industry. Merced Capital and the other Fund general partners, and their respective
members, managers, directors, officers, partners, shareholders, employees and agents may
exercise investment responsibility, or otherwise engage, directly or indirectly, in any other
business, irrespective of whether any such business is similar to, or identical with, the business of
the Funds. These other activities may include purchasing, selling, holding or otherwise dealing
with investments that would be suitable for the Funds.
Merced Capital, its affiliates, and their respective members, managers, directors, officers,
partners, shareholders, employees and agents may directly or indirectly purchase, sell, hold or
otherwise deal with investments for their own accounts, for their family members or for other
Funds, irrespective of whether such investments are purchased, sold, held or otherwise dealt with
for the account of one or more of the Funds, potentially creating a conflict of interest. An
investor will not, solely by reason of being a partner in a Fund, have any right to participate in
any manner in any profits or income earned or derived by or accruing to the Fund’s general
partner, its members, Merced Capital, their affiliates, and their respective members, managers,
directors, officers, partners, shareholders, employees and agents from the conduct of any business
other than the business of the Fund or from any transaction or other investment effected by any
such person for any account other than that of the Fund.
One Fund may take a position that is adverse to the interests of one or more of the other Funds.
For example, one Fund may choose to short a security that another Fund holds. In such instances
Merced Capital will attempt to protect the interests of all Fund investors.
Merced Capital may have conflicts of interest in allocating its time and activity among the Funds,
other entities, or investments for their own accounts.
Allocation, Aggregation and Brokerage
Because Merced Capital manages multiple investment partnerships, Merced Capital and its
affiliates, and their respective members, managers, directors, officers, partners, shareholders,
employees and agents may advise one or more of the Funds to invest in the same assets or asset
class. To the extent a particular investment is suitable for more than one Fund, Merced Capital
uses good faith efforts to allocate such investments among the Funds in a fair and reasonable
manner, and in accordance with its allocation policy. A copy of Merced Capital’s allocation
policy is available to investors in its Funds upon request. As a general rule, if two or more Funds
have substantially similar or overlapping investment objectives and strategies and other factors
being equal, allocation of a particular position will be based upon the relative size of the Funds.
However, Merced Capital may also take into account any one or more of the following factors in
allocating investments among Funds:
Fund’s investment objective and strategies (determined by reference to the
investment objectives and strategies outlined in the Fund’s partnership agreement
and private placement memorandum or other offering materials related to that
Fund);
Fund’s tax status, and tax status of investors in that Fund;
any restrictions placed on a Fund’s portfolio by the Fund or by virtue of federal
or state law (such as the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended);
total portfolio invested position;
available capital and available cash in the Fund, taking into account any
anticipated subscriptions and redemptions and any other reasonably foreseeable
cash requirements of the Fund;
existing exposure in the Fund to issuer or to issuer’s industry;
nature of the security or asset to be allocated, including the liquidity of the asset
and the availability of reliable price information;
size of available position;
supply or demand for a security at a given price level;
the expected holding period of an investment in relation to a Fund’s investment
and harvest period;
current market conditions; and
any other information determined by Merced Capital to be relevant to the fair
allocation of investments.
From time to time Merced Capital may aggregate Fund orders for the purchase or sale of
securities. Merced Capital will generally follow the guidelines set forth below in aggregating
orders for securities:
no Fund will be favored over any other Fund;
each Fund that participates in an aggregated order will participate at the average
share price for all Merced Capital’s transactions in that security on a given
business day and transaction costs will be shared pro rata based on each Fund’s
participation in the transaction;
if the aggregated order is filled in its entirety, it will be allocated among Funds in
accordance with Merced Capital’s allocation policy described above;
if the aggregated order is partially filled, it will be allocated among Funds pro
rata (
i.e., taking into account the relative size of each Fund account to which it is
to be allocated) and in accordance with Merced Capital’s allocation policy
described above;
In connection with the purchase and sale of investments for the Fund, the General Partner may
elect to pay higher commissions to brokerage firms that provide it with investment and research
information than to firms that do not provide such services if the General Partner determines that
such commissions are reasonable in relation to the overall services provided. The information
received may be used by the General Partner in managing the assets of Funds other than the Fund
that paid the higher commission.
Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2019, Merced Capital managed $1,328,827,781 in capital across six funds.
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Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies
A portfolio approach to trading is employed, so that risk to the Funds is mitigated by avoiding
significant concentrations in a limited number of investments. However, at times individual
positions may be material. The strategy used in any individual situation will be affected by the
types of financial instruments and assets involved and the desired risk-reward profile. Merced
Capital takes a fundamental approach to analyzing an investment, taking into account the fair
value of an investment, downside protection, and expected cash flows. Merced Capital
investment personnel rigorously review all aspects of a proposed investment, taking into account
both factors specific to the investment as well as factors affecting the particular industry and the
economy as a whole.
Merced Capital strives to diversify investments in number, industry focus, and geographic region.
However, none of the Funds is precluded from investing a substantial amount of its capital in a
single holding, industry, or geographic area. Merced, Merced IV, Merced V and AGHAP may
invest outside the United States and, therefore, may incur foreign exchange or political risk, and
they may enter into hedging arrangements with the intent to protect against foreign exchange
risks.
Merced Capital expects to control and be actively involved in the stewardship of many of the
companies and assets in which the Funds invest. Merced Capital intends to seek out investments
wherein strong management and attentive ownership add meaningful value. However, the Fund
may own interests in companies and assets that it does not control and over which it has little, if
any, influence.
Merced Capital uses a wide variety of sources to find investments. Investments are evaluated by
Merced Capital by thorough in-house analysis and assessment of the multitude of financial, legal,
market, operational, industry and other factors that impact credit profile, business prospects, and
asset and enterprise value. Merced Capital also retains outside legal, tax, industry-specific and
other advisors to help it analyze the potential downside and upside of an investment.
Risk Factors
An investment in Funds managed by Merced Capital involves various risks, including the risk
that an investor may lose part or all of its capital.* While Merced Capital attempts to attain a
Fund’s investment objectives through its research and portfolio management skills, there is no
guarantee of successful performance, that the investment objective can be reached, or that a
positive return will be achieved. As a general rule, investors should expect that investments with
higher return potential will also have higher potential of risk of loss to capital and/or income. In
addition, the Funds’ investments may fluctuate in market value from day to day and, therefore,
the value of an investment in the Funds could decrease as well as increase. The Funds,
individually or taken together, do not constitute a balanced investment program for purposes of
an investor’s portfolio diversification needs and, therefore, investors should consult with their
own financial advisers for the appropriateness of an investment in one or more of the Funds for
their overall investment program. Investing involves risk of loss that an investor should be
prepared to bear.
A prospective Fund investor should consider the following factors and other considerations. The
following risk factors do not purport to be a complete examination of all of the risks involved in
investments typically considered by Merced Capital. Additional risk factors with respect to the
Funds are outlined in further detail in their respective offering documents.
Risks Relating to Fund Investments
General Economic Conditions and Market Risks. All investments risk the loss of capital
and are subject to investment-specific price fluctuations as well as to macro-economic,
market and industry-specific conditions, including but not limited to national and
international economic conditions, domestic and international financial policies and
performance, conditions affecting particular investments such as the financial viability,
sales and product lines of corporate issuers, national and international politics and
governmental events, and changes in income tax and other laws and regulations. No
guarantee or representation is made that investments recommended by Merced Capital
will be successful. Investments recommended by Merced Capital to the Funds may
involve, without limitation, risks associated with limited diversification and significant
concentration, leverage, investments in speculative assets and financial instruments and
the use of speculative investment strategies and techniques, interest rates, volatility,
tracking risks in hedged positions, credit deterioration or default risks, systems risks and
other risks inherent in the Funds’ activities. Certain investment techniques of Merced
Capital can, in certain circumstances, magnify the impact of adverse market moves to
* For purposes of the discussion of the risks of investing in a fund managed by Merced Capital, we have
assumed that any fund formed after the date of this brochure will employ most if not all of the same
strategies employed by existing funds, and that the risks of investing in any such fund will be similar. A
prospective investor in any fund managed by Merced Capital should carefully read and understand the
offering memorandum for the fund. Investors should also consult with their professional advisors.
which the Funds may be subject. In addition, the Funds’ investments may be materially
affected by conditions in real estate, financial and other markets and overall economic
conditions occurring globally and in particular markets where the Funds may invest their
assets.
As of the date of this brochure, the novel Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) worldwide
pandemic have resulted in unprecedented and serious economic disruptions domestically
and internationally, the effects of which are ongoing and the extent of which is still
undetermined. COVID-19 and other disease outbreaks can be expected to cause severe
decreases in core business activities such as manufacturing, purchasing, tourism, business
conferences and workplace participation, among others. These disruptions lead to
instability in the marketplace, including stock market losses and overall volatility, as have
recently occurred in connection with COVID-19. Governments can also take extreme
and unpredictable measures in order to combat the spread of disease and mitigate the
resulting market disruptions and losses. The full impacts of disease outbreaks are
unknown, resulting in a high degree of uncertainty for potentially extended periods of
time. Disease outbreaks such as COVID-19 that affect local economies or the global
economy may have material and adverse impacts on the Funds and their investments.
Merced Capital may not accurately predict future risk exposures relating to the Funds.
Risk management techniques are based in part on the observation of historical market
behavior, which may not predict market divergences that are larger than historical
indicators. Also, information used to manage risks may not be accurate, complete or
current, and such information may be misinterpreted.
Broad, Unrestricted Investment Mandate. Merced Capital’s approach is to bring
numerous and diverse core competencies, combined with a broad investment mandate,
together to take advantage of opportunities that present themselves from time to time.
This flexibility makes it difficult to describe all of the risks inherent in an investment in
the Funds. The information set forth below describes some of the risks associated with
investment sectors in which Merced Capital managed funds have historically invested.
There may be risks unique to other assets or particular industries in which the Funds
might invest. The Funds have very few limits on the types of investments they might
make.
Industry Specific Risks. A Fund may take significant positions in particular industries
that are subject to risks unique to those industries. For example:
Aircraft. Merced Capital-managed Funds participate in the business of purchasing
and leasing commercial jet aircraft. Investors should consider the risks associated
with the aircraft sale and leaseback business, which include, for example, the
uncertain business environment for the airline industry, the risk that a lessee’s credit
profile will deteriorate, the risk of a decline in the value of aircraft or rental rates,
risks associated with inaccurate appraised values for aircraft, risks associated with
loss of or damage to an aircraft, and the risk that liens on aircraft will have priority
over payments to the Funds. These risks are particularly evident, and are likely to be
exacerbated by, the COVID-19 outbreak and the resulting severe disruption in the
airline industry.
Non-Operator Interests - Oil and Gas. The Funds currently invest in non-operating
interests in oil wells and natural gas wells, in which investing Funds are given an
opportunity to participate in well drilling and production by paying pro-rata
expenditures and receiving pro-rata revenues from oil and gas sales. The Funds do
not control the timing or success of the development, exploitation, production and
exploration activities relating to its interests. Well operators make decisions in
connection with their operations (subject to their contractual and legal obligations to
other owners of working interests), which may not be in the Funds’ best interests. In
addition, Merced Capital has virtually no ability to exercise influence over the
operational decisions of the well operators, including the setting of capital
expenditure budgets and drilling locations and schedules. The success and timing of
well development activities depend on a number of factors that are largely outside of
Merced Capital’s control, including the timing and amount of capital expenditures,
operator expertise and financial resources, approval of other well participants,
production rate, and recent extreme volatility in global production and pricing. In
addition, Merced Capital relies on third-party joint venture partners for the sourcing
and management of the Funds’ non-operator interests, and may employ hedging to
mitigate the risk of a decline in the future price of oil and natural gas. The risks
associated with third-party providers and hedging transactions are addressed
elsewhere in this Item.
Insurance. The Funds may also make investments in debt and equity instruments
that allow life insurance-related, credit-related and natural disaster related risks and
returns to be transferred to investors and thus will be subject to the general risks
facing the insurance industry. These risks include, among others, the uncertainty
associated with (i) projecting mortality rates, interest rates and life insurance policy
lapse rates, (ii) projecting future credit profiles, default rates, and recoveries and the
likelihood and magnitude of natural disasters, (iii) methodologies used to value assets
owned by such companies, (iv) the general market and business environment for the
insurance industry, (v) counter-party risk and (vi) the risk of regulatory changes,
among other factors. The insurance industry is highly regulated by the federal, state
and local governments. There is no guarantee that changes will not occur to
regulations affecting the insurance and reinsurance businesses, and such changes may
adversely affect the value of the Funds and their investments.
Power Generation Equipment. The Funds may participate in the business of
purchasing and re-selling high value power generation equipment such as industrial
and aero derivative gas turbine generator sets. Investors should consider the risks
associated with the purchase and sale of such equipment, which include, for example,
the uncertain business environment for the global power generation industry, the re-
marketing time for a particular piece of equipment and the risk of value deterioration
resulting from technical and economic obsolescence.
Real Estate. The Funds may invest directly in real estate that Merced Capital
believes is undervalued or under circumstances where Merced Capital believes that
relevant market values will appreciate, non-recourse mortgages where the mortgagor
is not a significant operating company and in the securities or obligations of single
purpose companies whose primary asset is real estate. Risks associated with real
estate investments include, among other things, (i) lack of demand for commercial or
housing space in a locale, (ii) changes in general economic or local conditions, (iii)
changes in supply of, or demand for, similar or competing properties in an area, (iv)
uncertainty of cash flow to meet loan and other fixed obligations, (v) changes in
interest rates, (vi) unavailability of mortgage financing which may render the sale or
refinancing of a property difficult and (vii) changes in tax, real estate, environmental,
and zoning laws. Additionally, in connection with the ownership (direct or indirect)
of real properties, a Fund or an entity in which a Fund invests may face potential
costs and liabilities related to environmental laws, such as those related to the
removal of hazardous or toxic substances.
With respect to investments in mortgage loans, the Funds will in large part be
dependent on the ability of third parties to successfully operate the underlying
properties. In addition, certain of the mortgage loans may be structured so that all or
a substantial portion of the principal will not be paid until maturity, which increases
the risk of default at that time. The possibility of partial or total loss of capital will
exist and investors should not subscribe unless they can readily bear the
consequences of such loss.
Land Lot Development/Entitlement. The Funds may invest in unentitled land that
Merced Capital will seek to process through the land use approval process and,
subsequently, seek to dispose of at a profit. In any such projects, the Funds will be
subject to risks relating to delays in the land use entitlement process and other
regulatory conditions beyond Merced Capital’s control. Each of these factors could
result in increased costs of a project or loss of the Funds’ investment. In addition, the
price the Funds agree to pay for the land will be based on projections of expenses and
estimates of land use development costs, marketability to homebuilders and growth
projections in the area in which land in which the Funds invest is located. If these
projections are inaccurate, the Funds may overpay for the land they acquire and, due
to the factors discussed above, the Funds may fail to achieve their expected returns.
The Funds will also be subject to the risks normally associated with land use
development activities. Such risks include, without limitation, risks relating to the
availability and timely receipt of zoning and other regulatory approvals and land use
entitlement. These risks could result in substantial unanticipated delays or expenses
and, under certain circumstances, could prevent completion of development activities
once undertaken, any of which could have an adverse effect on the Funds and on the
amount of funds available for distribution to investors.
Homebuilding. Homebuilding investments involve significant construction risk,
which is the risk that the cost of land, development and construction of homes runs
over budget and erodes or eliminates profit. Cost overruns can occur during any stage
of development, construction or home sales due to, among other factors, unforeseen
soil conditions, lawsuits, unanticipated weather, administrative or regulatory delays
in the receipt of required approvals and permits for zoning, grading, density, product
design, occupancy and similar items of municipal oversight, labor relations problems,
unavailability of skilled workers, and delays in obtaining or unavailability of
construction materials. In the event such issues delay the realization of a Fund’s
investment objectives for an investment, the investment may suffer a significant
decline in value due to adverse economic and market changes or other conditions
affecting such investment.
Periods of high interest rates, tight credit, overdevelopment in an area in which a
specific homebuilding project exists, general economic conditions (including the
COVID-19 outback, recession or slow job growth), and a drop in home buyer
confidence are among the factors that may make the sale of homes difficult. In
addition, during a slow market, a Fund may have to bear the cost of carrying lots or
standing inventory pending a change to favorable building and/or market conditions,
resulting in increased interest costs and reducing the amount of capital available to
undertake additional projects.
Hard-Asset Lending. This is a highly competitive market and Merced Capital
believes it will continue to be so for the foreseeable future as the financial services
industry continues to consolidate, producing larger, better capitalized and more
geographically diverse companies with broad product and service offerings. Thus, the
Funds’ profitability in this subsector depends, in large part, on the Funds’ ability to
compete effectively. The Funds’ competition within this industry includes mortgage
REITs, specialty finance companies, savings and loan associations, banks, mortgage
banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, private equity funds, hedge funds,
institutional investors, investment banking firms, non-bank financial institutions,
governmental bodies and other entities as well as family offices and high net worth
individuals. The Funds may also compete with companies that partner with and/or
receive financing from the U.S. Government. Many of the Funds’ competitors are
substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical, marketing and
other resources than the Funds do. In addition, larger and more established
competitors may enjoy significant competitive advantages, including enhanced
operating efficiencies, more extensive referral networks, greater and more favorable
access to investment capital and more desirable lending opportunities. Some
competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that may
not be available to the Funds, such as funding from the U.S. Government for which
the Funds are not eligible. In addition, some of the Funds’ competitors may have
higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to
consider a wider variety of possible loan transactions or to offer more favorable
financing terms than the Funds would. Merced Capital cannot assure investors that
the competitive pressures the Funds face will not have a material adverse effect on
the Funds’ business, financial condition and results of operations.
Mortgage Backed Securities. The Funds may invest in mortgage loans or asset-
backed securities secured by such loans (“MBS”). The mortgage loans that the
Funds acquire and the mortgage loans underlying their MBS investments are subject
to risks of delinquency and foreclosure. The ability of a mortgage borrower to repay a
loan secured by a residential property typically is dependent upon the income and
assets of the borrower, which may be uncertain or subject to change due to a variety
of factors that are outside the Funds’ control. Most mortgage loans underlying MBS
are effectively nonrecourse obligations of the borrower, meaning that there is no
recourse against the borrower’s assets other than the underlying collateral. In the
event of any default under a mortgage loan held directly by the Funds, the Funds will
bear a risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the
collateral (or its ability to realize such value through foreclosure) and the principal
and accrued interest of the mortgage loan, which could have a material adverse effect
on the Funds. This risk can be magnified when investing in MBS. In the event of the
bankruptcy of a mortgage loan borrower, the mortgage loan to such borrower will be
deemed to be secured only to the extent of the value of the underlying collateral at
the time of bankruptcy (as determined by the bankruptcy court), and the lien securing
the mortgage loan will be subject to the avoidance powers of the bankruptcy trustee
or debtor-in-possession to the extent the lien is unenforceable under state law.
Foreclosure of a mortgage loan can be an expensive and lengthy process, which
could have a substantial negative effect on the anticipated return on the foreclosed
mortgage loan.
Hotel Investments. Cash flow from any hotel in which the Funds may invest may be
depressed or negative until, at the earliest, the development, renovation or
rehabilitation has been completed and the hotel, including any restaurant, is available
for operation and has stabilized. In addition, each hotel must achieve a stabilized
occupancy and room rate at a level sufficient to be able to cover debt service, if any,
and other expenses (many of which are fixed expenses, regardless of the occupancy
rate of the hotels) in order to provide a positive cash flow to the Funds sufficient to
make distributions. The Funds may hire new management for hotels in which it
invests, the impact of which is not certain. In addition, cash flow is dependent on
factors outside the Funds’ and management’s control, including the uncertain
business environment in the hospitality industry. For example, the ongoing COVID-
19 outbreak has caused a severe disruption in the hospitality industry. In light of
these risks, there can be no assurance that the Funds will achieve such positive cash
flow.
There may be other risks unique to these and other particular industries in which the
Funds invest. The Funds have very few limits on the types of investments they might
make.
Investments in Other Special Situation Transactions. The Funds may invest and trade in
situations that Merced Capital believes offer opportunity due to some identifiable
dislocation, such as lack of market transparency or liquidity. Risks to a Fund in this type
of investing and trading include misjudging the nature or magnitude of the factors that
have caused this dislocation, the quality of the position’s fundamental assets, the scope of
the position’s liabilities and the Funds’ ability to exit the position in a timely and
profitable fashion.
Investments in Financially Distressed Entities and Restructurings. The Funds may
acquire debt, other obligations and equity of financially distressed entities. Although
such positions may bring high returns to the Funds, they involve varying degrees of risk.
The financial difficulties of such entities may never be overcome and may cause such
entities to become subject to bankruptcy proceedings. The timing and outcome of any
bankruptcy or restructuring is unpredictable. Any one or all of the entities in which the
Fund acquires interests may be unsuccessful in its attempts to restructure and become
profitable or the positions may not show any return for a considerable period of time. In
any bankruptcy or restructuring, a Fund may lose its entire investment, may be required
to accept cash or securities with a value less than its original investment, or may be
forced to liquidate its investment at a substantial loss. In addition, under certain
circumstances, payments to the Funds and distributions by the Funds to their limited
partners may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have
been a fraudulent conveyance, a preferential payment or similar transaction under
applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Furthermore, investments in restructurings
may be adversely affected by statutes related to, among other things, fraudulent
conveyances, voidable preferences, lender liability, and the bankruptcy court’s
discretionary power to disallow, subordinate or disenfranchise particular claims or re-
characterize investments made in the form of debt as equity contributions.
High Yield, Below Investment-Grade or Unrated Securities. The Funds may invest in
high-yield or non-investment grade securities. Such securities are generally not
exchange-traded and, as a result, these instruments trade in the over-the-counter
marketplace, which is less transparent and less liquid than the exchange-traded
marketplace. In addition, the Funds may invest in bonds of issuers that do not have
publicly traded equity securities, making it more difficult to hedge the risks associated
with such investments. Non-investment grade securities face ongoing uncertainties and
exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead to the
issuer's inability to make timely interest and principal payments. The market values of
certain of these lower-rated and unrated debt securities tend to reflect individual
corporate developments to a greater extent than do higher-rated securities that react
primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates, and tend to be more
sensitive to economic conditions than are higher-rated securities. Companies that issue
such securities are often highly leveraged and may not have available to them more
traditional methods of financing. It is possible that a major economic recession could
severely disrupt the market for such securities and may have an adverse impact on the
value of such securities. In addition, it is possible that any such economic downturn
could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and
pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default of such securities.
Issuer Risk. There are varying sources of statistical default and recovery rate data for
commercial loans, and high yield and distressed securities and numerous methods for
measuring default and recovery rates. The historical performance of the loan market or
high yield market is not necessarily indicative of its future performance. The Funds’
income may be derived largely from repayments of principal and interest received in
respect of debt instruments. A wide range of factors may adversely affect an obligor’s
ability to make repayments, including: adverse changes in the financial condition of such
obligor or the industries or regions in which it operates; the obligor’s exposure to
counterparty risk; systemic risk in the financial system and settlement; changes in law or
taxation; changes in governmental regulations or other policies; natural disasters;
terrorism; social unrest, civil disturbances or general economic conditions. Default rates
tend to accelerate during economic downturns. Any defaults may have a negative impact
on the value of the Funds’ investments and may reduce the return that the Funds receive
from their investments in certain circumstances. In the case of debt ranking equally with
the loans or debt securities in which the Funds invest, the Funds would have to share on
an equal basis any distributions with other creditors holding such debt in the event of an
insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant investee
company. Each jurisdiction in which the Funds invest has its own insolvency laws. As a
result, investments in similarly situated companies in different jurisdictions may confer
different rights in the event of insolvency
Hedging Transactions. The Funds may hedge their investments, including by investing in
derivatives and other financial instruments. The success of the hedging strategy of a
Fund will be subject to Merced Capital’s ability to correctly assess the degree of
correlation between the performance of the instruments used in the hedging strategy and
the performance of the investments in the portfolio being hedged. In the event of an
imperfect correlation between a position in a hedging instrument and the portfolio
position that it is intended to hedge, the desired protection may not be obtained and the
Funds may be exposed to additional risk of loss. Since the characteristics of many
securities change as markets change or time passes, the success of a Fund’s hedging
strategy will also be subject to Merced Capital’s ability to continually recalculate,
readjust and execute hedges in an efficient and timely manner. Certain of the Funds’
hedging transactions may be undertaken through brokers, banks or other organizations,
and the Funds will be subject to risk of default or insolvency of such organizations. In
such event, there can be no assurance that any money advanced to such organizations
would be repaid or that the Funds would have any recourse in the event of default. While
the Funds may enter into hedging transactions to seek to reduce risk, such transactions
may result in a poorer overall performance for the Funds than if they had not engaged in
any such hedging transactions. For a variety of reasons (
e.g., cost and probability of
occurrence of risk), Merced Capital may not hedge against particular risks or may not
establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments and the portfolio
holdings being hedged. An imperfect correlation may prevent a Fund from achieving the
intended hedge, and failure to hedge or an imperfect hedge may expose a Fund to risk of
loss.
Custody and Prime Brokerage Risk. There are risks involved in dealing with the
custodians or prime brokers who settle Fund trades. Under certain circumstances, the
securities and other assets deposited with the custodian or broker may not be clearly
identified as being assets of a Fund and hence the Fund could be exposed to a credit risk
with regard to such parties. In addition, there may be practical or time problems
associated with enforcing a Fund’s rights to its assets in the case of an insolvency of any
such party. The investment strategy of a Fund may require its General Partner to actively
trade the Fund’s portfolio, and as a result, turnover and brokerage commission expenses
of the Fund may significantly exceed those of other investment entities of comparable
size. Further, there are certain risks involved with certain of the Funds’ assets, such as
bank loans, which are not held by a custodian.
Portfolio Investment Ratings. The Funds’ investments are expected to include
commercial loans and high yield corporate or other obligations and equity of both U.S.
and non-U.S. obligors that are either unrated or rated below investment grade, which
have greater credit and liquidity risk than more highly rated obligations. Downgrades
and negative rating actions may occur with respect to these investments and in such case
there is no requirement to sell any such investment. Investments with lower ratings will
have greater credit, insolvency and liquidity risk than more highly rated obligations and,
therefore, a greater risk of loss. In addition to credit and liquidity risk, lower rated
obligations have greater volatility than more highly rated obligations. Future periods of
uncertainty in the United States economy and the possibility of increased volatility and
default rates may further adversely affect the price and liquidity of the Funds’
investments. Consequently, the Funds will bear a higher risk of losing all or part of an
investment if the investment is downgraded or put on a watch list for downgrade. In
addition, any reductions in ratings of or similar rating action with respect to investments
may adversely affect the value of such investments.
Commodity Futures Contracts. Trading in commodity interests may involve substantial
risks. The low margin or premiums normally required in such trading may provide a
large amount of leverage, and a relatively small change in the price of a security or
contract can produce a disproportionately larger profit or loss. There is no assurance that
a liquid secondary market will exist for commodity futures contracts or options purchased
or sold, and the Funds may be required to maintain a position until exercise or expiration,
which could result in losses. Futures positions may be illiquid because, for example,
most U.S. commodity exchanges limit fluctuations in certain futures contract prices
during a single day by regulations referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits” or “daily
limits.” Once the price of a contract for a particular future has increased or decreased by
an amount equal to the daily limit, positions in the future can neither be taken nor
liquidated unless traders are willing to effect trades at or within the limit. Futures
contract prices on various commodities occasionally have moved the daily limit for
several consecutive days with little or no trading. Similar occurrences could prevent the
Funds from promptly liquidating unfavorable positions and subject the Funds to
substantial losses. In addition, the Funds may not be able to execute futures contract
trades at favorable prices if trading volume in such contracts is low. It is also possible
that an exchange or the CFTC may suspend trading in a particular contract, order
immediate liquidation and settlement of a particular contract or order that trading in a
particular contract be conducted for liquidation only. In addition, the CFTC and various
exchanges impose speculative position limits on the number of positions that may be held
in particular commodities. Also, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less
onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased
participation by speculators in the futures market also may cause temporary price
distortions. Trading in commodity futures contracts and options are highly specialized
activities that may entail greater than ordinary investment or trading risks.
Options. The successful use of options may depend on Merced Capital’s ability to
forecast interest rate and market movements correctly. For example, if a Fund were to
write a call option based on Merced Capital’s expectation that the price of the underlying
security would fall, but the price were to rise instead, the Fund would be required to sell
the security upon exercise at a price below the current market price. Similarly, if a Fund
were to write a put option based on Merced Capital’s expectation that the price of the
underlying security would rise, but the price were to fall instead, the Fund would be
required to purchase the security upon exercise at a price higher than the current market
price. In addition, when it purchases an option, a Fund runs the risk that it will lose its
entire investment in the option in a relatively short period of time, unless the Fund
exercises the option or enters into a closing transaction with respect to the option during
the life of the option. If the price of the underlying security does not rise (in the case of a
call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent sufficient to cover the option premium and
transaction costs, a Fund will suffer a loss on its investment in the option. This contrasts
with an investment by a Fund in the underlying security, since the Fund will not lose any
of its investment in such security if the price does not change. The effective use of
options also depends on the Funds’ ability to terminate option positions at times when
Merced Capital deems it desirable to do so. There is no assurance that the Funds will be
able to effect closing transactions at any particular time or at any acceptable price. In the
event of the bankruptcy of a broker through which the Funds engage in transactions in
options, the Funds could experience delays and/or losses in liquidating open positions
purchased or sold through the broker.
Short Selling. Short selling involves selling securities which are not owned and
borrowing them for delivery to the purchaser, with an obligation to replace the borrowed
securities at a later date. Short selling allows the investor to profit from declines in
market prices to the extent such decline exceeds the transaction costs and the costs of
borrowing the securities. The extent to which the Funds engage in short sales depends
upon the Funds’ investment strategies and opportunities. A short sale creates the risk of a
theoretically unlimited loss, in that the price of the underlying security could theoretically
increase without limit, thus increasing the cost to the Funds of buying those securities to
cover the short position. There can be no assurance that the Funds will be able to
maintain the ability to borrow securities sold short. In such cases, the Funds can be
“bought in” (
i.e., forced to repurchase securities in the open market to return to the
lender). There also can be no assurance that the securities necessary to cover a short
position are available for purchase at or near prices quoted in the market. Purchasing
securities to close out the short position can itself cause the price of the securities to rise
further, thereby exacerbating the loss.
Foreign Investments. Investing in securities of non-U.S. governments and companies
that are generally denominated in non-U.S. currencies and utilizing options on non-U.S.
securities involves certain considerations comprising both risks and opportunities not
typically associated with investing in securities of the United States government or
United States companies. These considerations include changes in exchange rates and
exchange control regulations; political and social instability; expropriation; imposition of
foreign taxes; less liquid markets and less available information than is generally the case
in the United States; higher transaction costs; less government supervision of exchanges,
brokers and issuers; greater risks associated with counterparties and settlement; difficulty
in enforcing contractual obligations; lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards
and greater price volatility. Foreign countries may impose financial, legal or regulatory
restrictions that would not exist in the U.S. These risks may adversely affect the Funds’
investments. In addition, accounting and financial reporting standards that prevail
outside of the U.S. generally are not as high as U.S. standards and, consequently, less
information is typically available concerning companies located outside of the U.S. than
for those located in the U.S. As a result, the Funds may be unable to structure their
transactions to achieve the intended results or to mitigate all risks associated with such
markets. It may also be difficult to enforce the Funds’ rights in such markets. The
protections accorded to the Funds under certain U.S. investments and other laws and
regulations may be unavailable for transactions on foreign exchanges and with foreign
counterparties..
Currency Exchange Risk. A portion of the Funds’ investments may be denominated in
various foreign currencies and in other financial instruments, the price of which is
determined with reference to such foreign currencies. The investments of the Funds that
are denominated in non-U.S. currencies are subject to the risk that the value of a
particular currency will change in relation to one or more other currencies. Among the
factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest
rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term
opportunities for investment and capital appreciation and political developments. The
Funds will, however, value their investments and other assets in U.S. dollars. The value
of the Funds’ net assets not denominated in U.S. dollars will fluctuate with U.S. dollar
exchange rates as well as the price changes of the Funds’ investments in the various local
markets and currencies. The Funds will incur costs in converting investment proceeds
from one currency to another. The Funds are not obligated to engage in any currency
hedging operations, and there can be no assurance as to the success of any hedging
operations that the Funds may implement.
Third Party Provider Considerations. In certain situations, a Fund may only acquire a
minority interest in a project or asset in which it invests, may rely on independent third-
party management, joint venture partners or service providers with respect to the
operation of a project or asset in which it invests and, therefore, may not be able to
exercise control over the management of such project or investment. Although a Fund
may not have complete control over these investments and, therefore, may have a limited
ability to protect its position therein, Merced Capital expects that appropriate rights will
be negotiated to protect the Fund’s interests. Certain risks exist in connection with the
engagement of a third-party provider, including the possibility that third-party providers
may have financial difficulties, may have economic or business interests or goals which
are inconsistent with those of the Fund or may be in a position to take action contrary to
the Fund’s investment objectives, each of which may affect the ability of the third-party
provider to perform its services successfully and result in a negative impact on the
performance of the investment. In addition, the Fund may in certain circumstances be
liable for the actions of such third-party providers. In instances where a Fund invests with
a joint venture partner, the Fund may not have absolute control over the management of
such investment.
Illiquidity of Investments. A Fund’s portfolio is likely to consist of a number of
securities and other obligations for which no significant market exists or which require a
substantial period of time before a significant market develops. A Fund’s investments
may include public and private senior and senior secured debt, unsecured loans, second
lien loans, debtor-in-possession financings, delayed drawdown loans, term and revolving
bank loans, commercial mortgage-backed securities and residential mortgage-backed
securities. Trading in loans is often subject to delays as transfers may require extensive
and customized documentation, the payment of significant fees and the consent of the
agent bank or underlying obligor. In addition, the Funds may make investments that are
subject to legal or contractual restrictions or requirements that limit a Fund’s ability to
transfer them or sell them for cash. Other investments may be private, direct investments
with no trading market at all. The resulting illiquidity of an investment may make it
difficult for the Fund to sell such investments if the need arises, or within the term of the
Fund or the time required under a Fund’s Partnership Agreement. If a Fund needs to sell
all or a portion of its portfolio over a short period of time, it may realize value
significantly less than the value at which it had previously recorded those investments.
There can be no assurance that the Funds will be able to generate returns for investors or
that the returns will be commensurate with the risks of investing in the types of
instruments described herein.
Lack of Diversification. Merced Capital is under no obligation to diversify a Fund’s
investments, whether by reference to the amount invested, the number of projects, or the
industries or geographical areas in which portfolio companies operate. A Fund may
invest in a limited number of investments, and as a consequence the aggregate returns
realized by the partners may be adversely affected by the unfavorable performance of one
or a small number of such investments. If Merced Capital elects to concentrate a Fund’s
investments in a particular industry, issuer, or geographic region, that Fund’s portfolio
will then become more susceptible to fluctuations in value resulting from adverse
economic conditions affecting that particular industry, issuer, or geographic region than
would be the case if the Fund were required to maintain a wide diversification among
industries, geographical areas and types of securities..
Leverage. Although the Funds do not currently expect to use leverage at the Fund level,
they have the ability to borrow on a short term basis to meet liquidity needs. To the
extent that a Fund uses leverage, a decrease in the value of the assets of the Fund will
tend to have a greater adverse impact on the Fund’s investors than if leverage were not
used.
Market Disruptions; Government Intervention. As of the date of this brochure, the
ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused global financial markets to experience
fundamental disruptions that have led to extensive and unprecedented government
intervention. Such intervention has in certain cases been implemented on an emergency
basis, suddenly and substantially eliminating or restricting the ability of market
participants to continue to implement certain strategies or manage the risk of their
outstanding positions. These interventions have at times been unclear in scope and
application, resulting in confusion and uncertainty, which can be materially detrimental
to the efficient functioning of the markets as well as previously successful investment
strategies. The Funds may incur significant losses in the event of disrupted markets,
subsequent government intervention and other extraordinary events in which historical
pricing relationships become materially distorted. The risk of loss from pricing
distortions is compounded by the fact that in disrupted markets many positions become
illiquid, making it difficult or impossible to close out positions against which the markets
are moving. The financing available to the Funds from their banks, dealers and other
counterparties may be reduced in disrupted markets. Market disruptions can result in
otherwise historically low-risk strategies performing with unprecedented volatility and
risk.
Counterparty, Settlement and Local Intermediary Risk. From time to time, certain
securities markets have experienced operational clearance and settlement problems that
have resulted in failed trades. These problems could cause the Funds to miss attractive
investment opportunities or result in a Fund’s liability to third parties by virtue of an
inability to perform that Fund’s contractual obligation to deliver securities. In addition,
delays and inefficiencies of the local postal, transport and banking systems could result in
the loss of investment opportunities, the loss of funds (including dividends) and exposure
to currency fluctuations. To the extent the Funds invest in securities, swaps, “synthetic”
or derivatives instruments, repurchase agreements, certain types of options or other
customized financial instruments or other over-the-counter transactions, in certain
circumstances, the Funds may take a credit risk with regard to parties with whom they
trade and may also bear the risk of transfer, clearance or settlement default. Transactions
entered into directly between two counterparties may expose the parties to the risk of
counterparty defaults. Such risks may be exacerbated with respect to foreign securities or
transactions with foreign counterparties. Certain of a Fund’s transactions may be
undertaken through local brokers, banks or other organizations in the countries in which
the Fund makes investments, and the Fund will be subject to the risk of default,
insolvency or fraud of such organizations. Finally, the Funds will be dependent upon the
general soundness of the banking systems of countries in which investments will be
made.
Risks Relating to the Funds
Overall Risks. Although the senior management and investment professionals Merced
Capital have experience investing in private equity, private debt, distressed securities and
other markets, no assurances are provided that the Funds’ investment strategies or
execution will be successful or that the investment objectives of the Funds will be
realized. Furthermore there are no guarantees that any benefits or advantages to investors
suggested in materials provided to investors will be available or accomplished, or that
any historical successes of any entity or person identified herein will be repeated with
respect to the Funds or will confer any benefits on the Funds or investors.
Dependence on the General Partners. The General Partners, through Merced Capital, will
make all decisions with respect to the Funds’ assets and the general management of the
Funds. Investors have no right or power to take part in the management of the Funds or
in the management of the General Partners. As a result, the success of the Funds depends
largely on the abilities of the General Partners and Merced Capital. Each General Partner
and its partners, agents and employees have responsibilities to other investment
partnerships and accounts and may undertake additional responsibilities to new
investment partnerships or accounts in the future. Should these individuals cease to
participate in the management of a General Partner for any reason, that General Partner’s
ability to manage the Fund, and the investment results of the Fund, may be substantially
adversely affected. Notwithstanding each General Partner’s fiduciary responsibility to
the investors in a Fund, that General Partner has no personal liability to the investors for
the return of any capital contributions.
Assessment of Value May Not Be Accurate. The net asset value of each Fund is
calculated by its General Partner based on the value of its assets and liabilities. The net
asset value of a Fund is also dependent on valuations provided by the various investments
of the Fund, which may themselves be subject to error. In addition, the timing of
liquidations may also affect the values obtained on liquidation. Securities to be held by a
Fund may trade with bid-ask spreads that may be significant. The Funds may hold a
significant number of investments that are not actively traded. Consequently, it may be
relatively difficult for Merced Capital to obtain reliable prices of the investments for
valuation purposes and to dispose of investments rapidly at favorable prices in connection
with any withdrawal requests by Merced’s investors, adverse market developments or
other factors. The Funds are entitled to rely, without independent investigation, upon
pricing information and valuations furnished by third parties including pricing services.
At times, third-party pricing information may not be available for certain positions held
by the Funds. Merced Capital may conclude that certain quotations for assets or
liabilities of the Funds are not indicative of fair value by reason of illiquidity of a
particular security or other factors. Investors should be aware that situations involving
uncertainties as to the valuation of assets or liabilities held by the Funds could have an
adverse effect on the valuation of the Funds if Merced Capital’s judgment regarding
appropriate valuations should prove incorrect.
Availability of Suitable Investments. The identification of attractive investment
opportunities is difficult and involves a high degree of uncertainty. The Funds may not
be able to invest their capital partially or fully and suitable investment opportunities may
not be identified which satisfy the Funds’ investment objectives.
Restrictions on Transfer and Investor Liquidity. Interests in a Fund will be issued in
reliance upon certain exemptions from registration or qualification under applicable
Federal and State securities laws and, therefore, will be subject to certain restrictions on
transferability. There is no public or other market for interests in any of the Funds and
none is expected ever to develop. Interests cannot be assigned, transferred or
encumbered (
e.g., as security for a loan) without the consent of the respective general
partner of the Fund. Accordingly, Fund interests constitute illiquid investments and
should only be purchased by persons that are able to bear the risk of their investment for
an indefinite time.
Substantial Charges to Funds. The Funds are obligated to pay a management fee and
various other expenses and fees regardless of whether the Funds achieve any profits.
Furthermore, because of the nature of the Funds’ investment and trading methods and
techniques, their expenses (
e.g., for brokerage commissions and other transaction costs)
may be higher than those of other investment entities. Brokerage commissions are
inherent to the Funds’ investment activities and must be borne by the Funds before there
are any trading profits.
Litigation Potential and Indemnification and Exculpation of General Partners. The very
nature of a Fund’s assets may expose it to the risk of litigation and associated legal costs.
For instance, Merced Capital may find it necessary to litigate in order to protect the
priority or security of an asset in the course or as a result of a restructuring or bankruptcy.
The risk of litigation is somewhat greater where a Fund exercises control or significant
influence over a company’s direction. The expense of defending against claims by third
parties and paying any amounts pursuant to settlements or judgments would, absent
fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence by a General Partner, be borne by the Fund
and would reduce the net assets, or could require the investors to return to the Fund
distributed capital and earnings. Merced Capital and others are indemnified in
connection with such litigation, subject to certain conditions.
Effect of Performance Based Compensation. The existence of performance based
compensation may create an incentive for the Funds’ general partners to make riskier or
more speculative investments than they would otherwise make in the absence of such an
arrangement.
With particular respect to Merced, the annual liquidity Fund, its General Partner is
entitled to receive an incentive allocation based on the increase in the value of its
investors’ capital accounts. The incentive allocation may, therefore, create an incentive
for Merced Capital to cause Merced to make investments that are riskier or more
speculative than would be the case if such compensation were not paid. In addition,
because such compensation is calculated on a basis that includes unrealized appreciation
of Merced’s assets, such compensation may be greater than if it were based solely on
realized gains. Beginning in 2018, gain allocated with respect to the incentive allocation
that is attributable to the sale or disposition of a capital asset will be recharacterized as
short-term capital gain to the extent the capital asset giving rise to the gain has been held
for three years or less. Short term capital gain is taxed at the higher ordinary income tax
rates. As a result of this new three-year holding period, the interests of Merced Capital
and the investors may not always be aligned with respect to the timing of the disposition
of an investment, which timing could have an impact on investment performance.
Long Term Investment. Although certain investments by a Fund may generate current
income, the return of capital and the realization of gains, if any, will generally occur only
upon the partial or complete disposition of such investments by the Fund or, with
particular respect to Merced, upon the withdrawal by an investor of its capital account.
While an investment may be sold by a Fund at any time, it is not generally expected that
this will occur for a number of years after an initial investment has been made,
particularly with respect to the Lock-up Funds.
Capital Call Defaults; Exclusion From Investments. With respect to the Lock-up Funds, if
an investor fails to make a capital contribution when due and the contributions, if any,
made by non-defaulting investors are inadequate to cover the defaulted capital
contribution, the Lock-up Fund may be unable to pay its obligations when due. As a
result, the Lock-up Fund may be subjected to significant penalties that could materially
adversely affect the returns to the non-defaulting investors, and the Lock-up Fund may be
unable to complete investments. If an investor in a Lock-up Fund defaults, that investor
may be subject to customary default provisions under the Lock-up Fund’s partnership
agreement, including the potential forfeiture of a portion of such investor’s interests.
An investor may be excluded from participating in any investment if a Fund’s general
partner determines in its sole discretion that such participation might otherwise have
certain materially adverse effects on an investment, the Fund, the Fund’s general partner,
or any of their respective affiliates, including if such participation would be likely to
result in violations of law or the imposition of a material regulatory, compliance, legal,
tax or other similar burden. If an investor is excluded from participating in an investment
it will not participate in the acquisition of the investment or in any income, gain, loss,
deduction, credit or distribution with respect thereto. In the event that one or more
investors are excluded from participating in an investment, the investors who are not
excluded, all things being equal, may have a percentage ownership interest in certain
investments that is greater than their percentage ownership interest in other investments,
and their percentage interest in a Fund as a whole may be greater than the percentage
interest of the excluded investors in the Fund as a whole.
Involuntary Sale of Interest. Pursuant to the Funds’ partnership agreements, a Fund’s
general partner may, upon written notice, cause an investor to sell its interest if the
general partner determines, in its sole discretion, that the continued participation of such
investor would be likely to result in violations of law or the imposition of a material
regulatory, compliance, legal, tax or other similar burden on any of the Fund, the general
partner, or any of the general partner’s affiliates.
Recycling; Reinvestment. During a Lock-up Fund’s commitment period and, under
certain circumstances, throughout the term of the Lock-up Fund, the Lock-up Fund’s
general partner has the right to recall proceeds distributed by the Lock-up Fund
constituting a return of capital. In addition, during the Lock-up Fund’s commitment
period, proceeds from realized investments constituting a return of capital may be
redeployed or recycled in new investments by the Lock-up Fund. To the extent such
recalled or recycled amounts are reinvested, an investor will remain subject to investment
and other risks associated with such investments.
Forecasts. The Funds’ investors have been provided several forecasts and descriptions of
goals and objectives of the Funds. Although those forecasts and stated goals and
objectives are based upon assumptions and research which the general partners believe
are reasonable, actual results of operations and achievements may differ materially from
the statements, goals, and objectives provided, including those set forth in the Funds’
partnership agreements.
Targeted Returns. Any target returns disclosed with respect to any Fund are based on a
variety of assumptions about asset mix, the capital markets and performance of the
underlying assets, which the Funds may not be able to achieve. There can be no
assurance that the Funds will achieve these or any other levels of returns.
Sophisticated Investors. While investment in a Fund can offer the potential of higher
than average returns, it also exposes investors to a correspondingly higher degree of risk
and is therefore considered appropriate only for sophisticated investors who can afford to
assume this risk. Investors must have knowledge and experience in financial and
business matters and be capable of evaluating such merits and risks. Each investor in a
Fund will be required to represent that it satisfies these criteria and that it is acquiring the
interest for investment.
Cybersecurity. The Funds, the General Partners, Merced Capital, their respective service
providers and other market participants increasingly depend on complex information
technology and communications systems to conduct business functions. These systems
are subject to a number of different threats or risks that could adversely affect the Funds
and/or the investors, despite the efforts of the Funds, the General Partner, Merced Capital
and service providers to adopt technologies, processes and practices intended to mitigate
these risks and protect the security of their computer systems, software, networks and
other technology assets, as well as the confidentiality, integrity and availability of
information belonging to the Fund, the Limited Partners and Merced Capital. For
example, unauthorized third parties may attempt to improperly access, modify, disrupt
the operations of, or prevent access to these systems of the Funds, the General Partners,
Merced Capital, their respective service providers, counterparties or data within these
systems. Third parties may also attempt to fraudulently induce employees, customers,
third-party service providers or other users of Merced Capital’s systems to disclose
sensitive information in order to gain access to their respective data or that of the
investors. A successful penetration or circumvention of the security of Merced Capital’s
systems could result in the loss or theft of an investor’s data or funds, the inability to
access electronic systems, loss or theft of proprietary information or corporate data,
physical damage to a computer or network system or costs associated with system
repairs. Such incidents could cause the Funds, the General Partners, Merced Capital or
their respective service providers to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage,
additional compliance costs or financial loss. Similar types of operational and
technology risks are also present for portfolio companies, which could have material
adverse consequences for such portfolio companies, and may cause the Funds’
investments to lose value.
Regulation of the Private Funds Industry and the Financial Services Industry. The
businesses of the Funds, the general partners, Merced Capital and their affiliates, as well
as the financial services industry generally, are subject to extensive regulation, including
periodic examinations, by governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations or
exchanges in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions in which they operate relating to, among
other things, antitrust law, anti-money laundering laws, anti-bribery laws, laws relating to
foreign officials, privacy laws with respect to client information and the regulatory
oversight of the trading and other investment activities of alternative asset management
funds and their alternative investment fund managers, including the Funds and the
general partners. Each of the regulatory bodies with jurisdiction over the Funds, the
general partners, Merced Capital or their affiliates, has the regulatory powers dealing
with many aspects of financial services, including the authority to grant, and in specific
circumstances to cancel, permissions to carry on particular activities. Any failure to
comply with these rules and regulations could expose the Fun
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