Evergreen Investment Advisors LLC (“EIA”), established in 2005, is a limited liability company, an SEC-registered
investment advisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and a wholly-owned subsidiary of M3 Capital Partners
LLC (“M3”). EIA serves as the managing member and General Partner of 3 clients (referred to as the “Clients”):
Evergreen Real Estate Partners LLC (“Evergreen”);
Evergreen Venture Investors LLC (“EVI”); and
Evergreen Australia Limited Partnership (“EA LP”)
.
EIA manages all aspects of the Clients on a day-to-day basis. In addition, EIA participates in major decisions of the
Clients, including, but not limited to, decisions relating to material property acquisitions, developments and
dispositions, material asset-level or the Clients’ borrowings, significant capital expenditures, review and approval of
annual business plans, and any material changes to each agreed upon business strategy.
EIA seeks to invest the Clients’ equity capital into or alongside product-focused real estate operating companies
(“REOCs”) in the form of controlling entity-level commitments and strategic joint venture (“JV”) investments. EIA
manages $9,840,676,470 (regulatory assets under management) in non-discretionary assets as of December 31, 2019.
EIA does not have the authority to execute any new REOC investment on behalf of a Client without the formal
authorization of the Client’s Board.
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EIA has 3 Clients for which fees, including performance-based fees, have been negotiated. EIA is not currently
seeking additional clients.
All of EIA’s operating expenses, including salaries, fees, costs, and expenses incurred in the acquisition, management,
and disposition of any REOC, are the Client’s expense (paid from operating cash flow, financing proceeds, disposition
proceeds, additional capital contributions, or other cash available to the Client) prior to any distributions to investors.
The Client shall have the ability to make capital calls from its investors in order to fund ongoing expenses, and the
Client is invoiced quarterly (at quarter-end) for payment of operating expenses and fees.
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EIA has 3 Clients for which fees, including performance-based fees, have been negotiated. EIA is not currently
seeking additional clients.
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EIA is the investment adviser to 3 pooled-investment vehicles: (i) Evergreen; (ii) EVI; and (iii) EA LP. These Clients
are managed exclusively on behalf of the Washington State Investment Board (“WSIB”).
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Methods of Analysis / Investment Strategies
EIA seeks to invest its Clients’ equity capital into or alongside product-focused REOCs in the form of controlling
entity-level commitments and strategic JV investments, which EIA considers to be an effective strategy for generating
superior risk-adjusted returns in an increasingly-competitive market. EIA’s key investment criteria include: (i) the
investment dynamics and long-term cash flow growth prospects of a given sector and/or geography; (ii) current and
anticipated asset valuations; and (iii) the capabilities, expertise, experience, and integrity of a particular REOC
management team. Specifically, EIA looks for sectors, geographies, properties, and partners that can generate stable
/ steady cash flow on invested equity with growth potential, preferably above inflation.
With respect to the specific types of sectors and businesses EIA finds attractive and seeks to invest its Clients’ capital
into, particular attention is paid to the stability and growth prospects of cash flow produced at the property level (on a
stabilized basis). Understanding these aspects, along with assessing the capabilities and fit of prospective partners, as
well as proper risk-adjusted overall returns, are some of EIA’s investment-process priorities. EIA also targets
businesses where focused attention and capital investment at the REOC level can deliver sustainable competitive
advantages – and hence recurring cash flow and attractive risk-adjusted returns – over an extended time period (i.e.,
through market cycles).
Material Risks Associated with EIA’s Investment Strategy
Control over investments: EIA’s investment strategy for its Clients, focused on entity-level and strategic JV
investments (as compared to investing in and owning 100% interests in direct property investments) subjects its Clients
to “partner” risk (i.e., shared control). EIA has not and does not plan to make minority investments partly because of
the inherent lack of control, but has and does expect to continue to invest in shared-control positions.
Leverage and interest rates: The Clients currently leverage their investments, and expects to continue to do so.
Although leverage can minimize the impact of taxes and currency movements, it can also subject the Clients to
customary risks related to debt service payments and debt repayment. Also, if interest rates increase and asset pricing
does not decrease correspondingly, the Clients may have difficulty achieving their investment return objectives.
REOC start-up risk: The Clients regularly take start-up risks with the REOCs they invest in or alongside. The most
significant obstacles imposed by start-up investments include overcoming the “J-curve” and achieving a corporate
reputation to attract suitable transactions, tenants, and employees. The Clients’ and its investors’ long-term investment
horizon help smooth out and manage this risk.
Foreign currency risk: EIA’s Clients invest on a global basis and, as a result, fund international investments in
foreign currencies, which subject the Clients to foreign currency risk.
Market conditions: Market conditions fluctuate on a global basis which implicates the investment / operating
performance of the Clients’ owned investments as well as EIA’s ability to source new investment opportunities. While
market conditions have improved significantly since the recovery from the global financial crisis, many global
economies remain fragile and susceptible to future shocks.
Global / emerging markets: EIA’s Clients have a global mandate, which provides flexibility to pursue investment
opportunities in emerging markets (subject to Board direction and approval). These types of markets are more
susceptible to political risks, adverse currency movements, and risks stemming from their relative lack of transparency,
developing planning / legal systems, and often inadequate physical infrastructures.
Typical property-related risks: The Clients invest indirectly in real estate which is subject to typical property-related
risks including, but not limited to, decreases in real estate values, changes in occupancy and rental income, operating
expense volatility, property management, recurring and non-recurring capital expenditures, leverage, liquidity,
environmental liabilities, uninsured losses, etc.
Regulatory: Neither the Clients nor their investments are subject to provisions of the Investment Company Act of
1940 (“1940 Act”) or the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”) based on various exemptions. Generally, because:
(i) neither the Clients nor its investments are marketed or broadly offered to non-qualified investors; and (ii) both the
investor and Clients are “accredited investors” under the Securities Act, the Clients do not have to register themselves
or their investments under either Act. Also, the Clients are not subject to Employee Retirement Security Act
(“ERISA”) consideration, because: (i) none of its investors are independently subject to ERISA; and (ii) in any event,
the Clients could claim a “venture capital operating company” or “real estate operating company” exemption based
on the nature of its investments. The Clients receive advice on regulatory matters from various legal firms (depending
upon the issue / application). As a registered investment advisor, EIA is regulated by the SEC, while M3 is regulated
by FINRA in the U.S., the FSA in the U.K., the SFA in Hong Kong, and CVM in Brazil.
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Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or disciplinary events
that would be material to your evaluation of EIA or the integrity of its management. EIA has no information applicable
to this item.
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M3, the sole owner of EIA, is a registered broker-dealer. M3 and its collective affiliates (M3 Capital Partners (UK)
LLP (“M3 UK”), M3 Capital Partners (HK) Limited (“M3 HK”), and M3 Capital Partners Gestora de Recursos
Limitada (M3 Brazil”)) are currently engaged in 2 primary lines of business: (i) providing investment banking /
advisory and capital markets services on an agency basis to public and private REOCs and real estate-dedicated
institutional investors; and (ii) providing investment management services as a service provider and co-principal to
institutional investors.
Below is a further description of M3’s 2 primary lines of business:
Capital Markets and Advisory Business
On behalf of sector-specialized REOCs and global institutional investors, M3 provides strategic / financial advice with
respect to real estate private equity transactions.
Investment Management Business
M3 serves as a strategic and financial advisor to leading sector-specialized REOCs operating in specific geographies
and/or globally. On behalf of its REOC clients, M3 provides advice with respect to merger and acquisition activity,
equity and debt financings, and the formation and structuring of real estate investment management vehicles.
EIA is under common ownership and control with EA GP and EVI Management LLC, which act as the general partner
and manager of EA LP and EVI, respectively, and engage in no separate operations or businesses other than the
operations of those entities.
Atrium Finance Europe S.á.r.l. (“Atrium Finance Europe”), majority owned by Atrium Finance US LLC (“Atrium
US”), a wholly-owned affiliate of M3, provides investment management services (through a GP subsidiary) to a
pooled investment fund (“Atrium Fund”) formed to invest in mezzanine loans and whole loans secured by real estate
assets located in Germany. The Atrium Fund is primarily capitalized with equity from institutional investor clients
managed by a third-party manager not affiliated with EIA. Atrium Finance Europe is co-owned by M3 and its
independent, dedicated management team.
Trust Asset Management LLC (“TAM”), an SEC-registered investment advisor, is an indirectly owned subsidiary of
Evergreen. Evergreen invests in TAM via its ownership in Evergreen Memorial LLC, which owns a stake in
NorthStar-Evergreen LLC (“N-E LLC”), the majority owner of NorthStar Memorial Group, LLC (“NorthStar”, the
parent organization of TAM). TAM provides fee-based investment advisory services to clients that are trusts formed
for various regulatory purposes related to the operating business of NorthStar, as prescribed by various state laws.
Institutional trustees are appointed by operating subsidiaries of NorthStar to act on behalf of the trusts.
Potential Conflicts of Interest
With Respect to EIA and Allocation of Time and Investment Opportunities; Competition
M3, which controls EIA and its affiliates (M3 UK, M3 HK, and M3 Brazil), provides transaction and investment
services to various clients in the normal course of its agency business. Conflicts could arise in connection with the
management of the Clients, including conflicts relating to M3’s allocation of: (i) management time, services, or
functions between the Clients and existing agency clients; and (ii) future transactions sponsored by M3. Historically,
transactions that M3 sources and executes for agency clients generally do not overlap with the Clients’ investment
strategy – they generally do not provide for the level of exclusivity sought by EIA and its investors and are generally
shorter-term investment vehicles / structures. Finally, they generally involve M3 providing advisory (not investment
management) services to its clients on a one-time transactional basis.
Atrium US comprises the sole exception to M3's investment activities, which otherwise are exclusively on behalf of
WSIB (via Evergreen, EVI, and EA LP). Officers of M3 sit on the Atrium US Investment Committee, and M3 has a
small co-investment in the Atrium Fund. M3’s stake in Atrium US presents a potential conflict of interest, in that M3
could have an incentive to devote greater resources to Atrium, or to direct potential investment opportunities to Atrium
(rather than Evergreen), if M3 or its principals determined that doing so was in their economic interest. However,
several factors serve to mitigate this potential conflict. First, Evergreen has retained the right to purchase M3's interest
in Atrium US at the greater of M3's cost basis or fair market value. In addition, if Evergreen does not exercise its
purchase right and M3 ultimately sells its interest in Atrium US to a third party, any related net profits must (in turn)
be invested by M3 into Evergreen. Finally, M3 also agreed that Atrium Fund will not raise additional third-party
capital without first consulting Evergreen and WSIB. These contractual rights are meant to protect Evergreen from
any creeping misalignments or conflicts related to M3's involvement with/in Atrium Fund.
TAM is wholly owned by NorthStar, which utilizes TAM’s advisory services in its own operating business. However,
through a series of higher holding companies, TAM is owned by Evergreen, the managing member of which is EIA.
Certain EIA personnel are members of the N-E LLC Executive Committee, which assesses and votes on specific
“major decisions” as defined in the N-E LLC agreement (generally focused on high-level, strategic decisions, not day-
to-day operational matters). However, the business of EIA is of a completely different character than TAM’s business.
There are no operational ties between these businesses, and EIA has never exercised any control over TAM’s day-to-
day operations. Consequently, TAM’s relationship with Evergreen is not material to TAM’s advisory business and
does not create a conflict of interest with or for TAM. TAM utilizes the personnel and services of NorthStar in the
performance of its business including accounting, general administration, and acquisition or formation of trust client
relationships. No additional fees or expenses are charged to the client for the parent’s services.
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EIA, and its parent company, M3, have adopted Compliance Manuals for each related entity, which incorporate a code
of ethics among other relevant topics. The code of ethics contained in the Compliance Manual for each entity
addresses various topics, including: (i) fiduciary duty; (ii) client opportunities; (iii) insider trading; (iv) personal
securities transactions; (v) gifts, entertainment, and contributions; (vi) outside business activities; (vii) and
confidentiality. Employees receive formalized education on firm policies at the time of hiring, and are kept apprised
of new polices during annual compliance meetings.
M3, a registered broker-dealer with the SEC and a member of FINRA, must remain compliant with the rules and
regulations set forth by the aforementioned governing bodies. In efforts to mitigate risk and stay current on the ever-
changing regulatory landscape, M3 has employees (Chief Compliance Officer, Assistant Compliance Officer, and
Anti-Money Laundering Officer) dedicated to the monitoring of firm compliance. In addition to the dedicated
compliance staff, M3 retains legal counsel, which supplements compliance staff to ensure M3 and its wholly-owned
subsidiaries conform to current rules and regulations. Legal counsel attends the annual compliance meetings, in which
all employees are required to attend as part of continuing education.
The Clients of EIA may obtain a copy of the code of ethics by contacting the Chief Compliance Officer at (312) 499-
8550.
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EIA’s Clients do not make investments that require a broker-dealer to execute; therefore, EIA has not been in a position
that required selection or recommendation of broker-dealers for Client transactions.
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Investments made on behalf of the Clients are in a relatively small number of REOCs. Therefore, the investment
portfolio is fairly static and reviews of the portfolio generally relate to the performance and activities of existing
investments rather than changes in holdings. Any changes in holdings (purchases or sales of REOCs) are thoroughly
analyzed / assessed and then approved by the Clients’ Boards. The REOCs prepare written annual business plans,
quarterly performance / activity reports and quarterly financial statements, which are reviewed by EIA’s staff,
including the Chief Executive Officer, Principals, Finance Directors, and other staff. Portions of EIA’s staff also
participate in quarterly phone calls or meetings with the REOC management teams to review and discuss the
performance of individual real estate assets owned by the REOCs, new assets to be acquired, financing activities,
general market conditions, organizational issues, and other information.
The Clients’ Board receives the annual business plans and quarterly reports for the REOCs. The Clients’ Board also
receives quarterly reports from EIA that: (i) present financial statement information for the Client; (ii) summarize
investing and debt activities of the REOCs; and (iii) perform risk assessments of the REOCs. In addition, EIA submits
the Clients’ annual business plans to the Clients’ Board, which present: (ii) the Clients’ performance; (ii) a summary
of significant events; (iii) invested capital and debt information; (iv) summaries of the current status of each REOC;
(v) and the plan / outlook for the coming year(s). Annually, the Clients’ Boards receive the Clients’ audited annual
financial statements (the financial statements of Evergreen and EA LP are presented on a combined basis).
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EIA is not a party to any arrangement whereby it compensates another for client referrals. In addition, EIA and its
employees do not receive any economic benefits, including sales awards and prizes, from non-clients in connection
with providing advisory services to the client.
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EIA has custody of Client funds and securities within the meaning of Rule 206(4)-2 under the Advisers Act. Client
funds are maintained with one or more “qualified custodians,” as defined in such Rule. A “qualified custodian”
generally is a bank or savings association that has deposits insured by the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,
an SEC registered broker-dealer, a futures commission merchant, or a foreign financial institution that holds
segregated customer assets. Client securities are exempt from the requirement to be maintained by a qualified
custodian pursuant to Rule 206(4)-2(b)(2) under the Advisers Act because such securities are: (i) acquired from the
issuer in a transaction or chain of transactions not involving any public offering; (ii) uncertificated, and ownership
thereof is recorded only on the books of the issuer or its transfer agent in the name of the Client; and (iii) transferable
only with the prior consent of the issuer or holders of the outstanding securities of the issuer.
An independent public accountant registered with the PCAOB will audit the Clients on an annual basis, and a copy of
the audited financial statements (the financial statements of Evergreen and EA LP are presented on a combined basis)
will be sent to the investors in the Clients, as described above in “
Review of Accounts.”
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Evergreen, EA LP, and EVI are non-discretionary Clients. EIA does not have the authority to execute any new REOC
investment on behalf of a Client without the formal authorization of the applicable Client’s Board (which Boards
generally will include representatives from EIA or its affiliates, but which are not controlled by EIA or its affiliates).
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Securities in which EIA’s Clients invest do not generate proxies; therefore, EIA has not accepted or exercised authority
to vote Client securities.
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Registered investment advisers are required in this item to provide certain financial information or disclosures about
their financial condition. EIA has no financial commitment that impairs its ability to meet contractual and fiduciary
commitments to the Clients, and has not been the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
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Open Brochure from SEC website