Overview of SPM and the SPM Affiliates
SPM is a Delaware limited liability company that was formed in February 1997 and
became registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act on April 18, 2000. SPM’s
voting units are owned by Upper Shad Associates, L.L.C. (“Upper Shad”)(52.10%) and
Structured Partners, L.L.C. (“SP”)(47.90%). Upper Shad and SP are owned by employees of
SPM (including Donald Brownstein, Executive Chairman of SPM) and entities/individuals that
include, but are not exclusive to, their friends and family. Kenneth Cron, the CEO of SPM, is a
managing member of SP.
Pursuant to an SEC No-Action Letter (American Bar Association, Business Law Section,
pub. avail. Jan. 18, 2012), you are receiving this Part 2A of Form ADV from SPM for itself (as
“filing adviser”) and on behalf of the SPM Affiliates (as “relying advisers”).
SPM
SPM is the investment manager of two private feeder funds: Structured Servicing
Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“SSH Onshore Feeder”), and Structured
Servicing Holdings (Offshore), Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“SSH Offshore
Feeder,” and each of SSH Onshore Feeder and SSH Offshore Feeder, an “SSH Feeder Fund”).
SPM is also the general partner of Structured Servicing Holdings Master Fund, L.P., a Delaware
limited partnership (“SSH Master Fund”), the master fund in which each SSH Feeder Fund
invests substantially all of its assets (each of the SSH Feeder Funds and the SSH Master Fund an
“SSH Fund” and, collectively, the “SSH Funds”).
Under the investment management agreement (“IMA”) with each SSH Feeder Fund and
the limited partnership agreement of the SSH Master Fund, SPM has control over the investment
activities and day-to-day operation of each SSH Fund.
The SSH Feeder Funds are not currently accepting investments from new investors. The
SSH Master Fund accepts investments from its related SSH Feeder Funds and certain private
investment funds managed by the SPM Affiliates (“Affiliated Funds”).
SPM III
SPM III is a Delaware limited liability company that was formed in January 2004 and
became registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act in February of that year.
SPM owns the majority of the interests in SPM III. Employees of SPM own the remaining
interests in SPM III.
SPM III is the investment manager of three private investment funds (each, a “MBS
Agency Fund” and, collectively, the “MBS Agency Funds”). The three MBS Agency Funds are
organized in a master-feeder structure and consist of the following: (i) MBS Agency Fund, L.P.,
a Delaware limited partnership (“MBS Agency Onshore Feeder”), (ii) MBS Agency Offshore
Fund, Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“MBS Agency Offshore Feeder,” and with
MBS Agency Onshore Feeder, the “MBS Agency Feeder Funds”), and (iii) MBS Agency Master
Fund, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“MBS Agency Master Fund”), in which each MBS
Agency Feeder Fund invests substantially all of its assets.
Under the IMA with each MBS Agency Fund, SPM III has control over the investment
activities and day-to-day operation of each MBS Agency Fund.
SPM Products
SPM Products is a Delaware limited liability company that was formed in July 2006 and
became registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act in September of that year.
Units in SPM Products are divided into three classes. SPM owns the majority of each class.
Employees of SPM own the remaining units of each class of SPM Products and certain
employees have been issued profits interests relating to particular classes of SPM Products.
SPM Products is the investment manager of eleven private investment funds (each a
“Products Fund” and, collectively, the “Products Funds”). Under the IMA with each Products
Fund, SPM Products has control over the investment activities and day-to-day operation of each
Products Fund.
The Products Funds consist of the following:
Three master-feeder fund structures:
The “Core Funds,” which consist of SPM Core Fund, L.P., a Delaware
limited partnership (“Core Onshore Feeder”), and SPM Core Offshore
Fund, Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“Core Offshore
Feeder” and, collectively with the Core Onshore Feeder, the “Core
Feeders”), each of which, except as noted below, invests substantially all
of its assets in SPM Core Master Fund, L.P., a Delaware limited
partnership (“Core Master Fund”).
The “Opportunity Funds,” which consist of SPM Opportunity Fund, L.P.,
a Delaware limited partnership (“Opportunity Onshore Feeder”), and SPM
Opportunity Offshore Fund, Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted
(“Opportunity Offshore Feeder” and, collectively with the Opportunity
Onshore Feeder, the “Opportunity Feeders”), each of which, except as
noted below, invests substantially all of its assets in SPM Opportunity
Master Fund, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Opportunity Master
Fund”).
The “RERT Funds,” which consist of a series of SPM Macro Fund, L.P., a
Delaware “multi-series” limited partnership (“RERT Onshore Feeder”),
and a segregated portfolio of SPM Macro Offshore Fund, SPC., a Cayman
Islands segregated portfolio company (“RERT Offshore Feeder” and,
collectively with the RERT Onshore Feeder, the “RERT Feeders”), each
of which invests substantially all of its assets in a series of SPM Macro
Master Fund, L.P., a Delaware “multi-series” limited partnership (“RERT
Master Fund”).
One single investor fund (“Single Investor Fund”):
“LLC Single Investor Fund” is a “mini-master” with a Delaware limited
liability company master fund and a Cayman Island feeder.
Each of the SSH Onshore Feeder, the MBS Agency Onshore Feeder, the Core Onshore
Feeder, the Opportunity Onshore Feeder and the RERT Onshore Feeder is referred to as an
“Onshore Feeder Fund” and, collectively, they are referred to as the “Onshore Feeder Funds.”
Each of the SSH Offshore Feeder, the MBS Agency Offshore Feeder, the Core Offshore Feeder,
the Opportunity Offshore Feeder and the RERT Offshore Feeder is referred to as an “Offshore
Feeder Fund” and, collectively, they are referred to as the “Offshore Feeder Funds.” Each of the
SSH Master Fund, the MBS Agency Master Fund, the Core Master Fund, the Opportunity
Master Fund, the RERT Master Fund is referred to as a “Master Fund” and, collectively, they are
referred to as the “Master Funds.” Each Onshore Feeder Fund and Offshore Feeder Fund is
referred to as a “Feeder Fund” and, collectively, as the “Feeder Funds.” Each of the SSH Funds,
MBS Agency Funds and Products Funds is referred to as a “Fund,” and, collectively, they are
referred to as the “Funds.”
Each of the Core Feeders, the Opportunity Feeders, the RERT Feeders (each, a “Products
Feeder Fund”) and the Single Investor Fund accept investments from investors. Each of the Core
Master Fund, the Opportunity Master Fund and the RERT Master Fund (each, a “Products
Master Fund”) generally accepts investments only from its related Feeder Funds. However, the
Opportunity Master Fund may invest in the Core Master Fund and in the RERT Master Fund,
and the Core Master Fund may invest in the SSH Master Fund and the MBS Agency Master
Fund. The Single Investor Fund makes its investments directly.
Notwithstanding anything in this Brochure to the contrary, the Funds that invest in other
Funds (
e.g., the Core Funds investing in MBS Agency Master Fund) have considerable
flexibility in the way those investments are structured. Instead of a Master Fund (such as Core
Master Fund) investing directly in another Master Fund (such as MBS Agency Master Fund),
those investments, from time to time, may be routed directly from one Feeder Fund to another
Feeder Fund, which then invests in the underlying Master Fund. For example, as of January 1,
2014, instead of the Core Master Fund investing directly into the MBS Agency Master Fund, the
Core Feeder Funds invested directly into their corresponding MBS Agency Feeder Funds, which
in turn invested in the MBS Agency Master Fund. When this occurs, in order to prevent any
layering or duplication of fees charged to Feeder Fund investors, the Feeder Funds through
which the investments are routed (such as the MBS Agency Feeder Funds in the prior example)
will waive all asset-based fees, performance-based fees and any applicable lock-up period
associated with the investments of the investing Feeder Funds. Because all assets are ultimately
held at the underlying Master Fund level, this flexibility in structure has no effect on the
investment objectives or strategies of any Fund. The Core Funds may adjust their investment in
the SSH Funds and the MBS Agency Funds, and the Opportunity Funds may adjust their
investment in the Core Funds and the RERT Funds, on a monthly basis.
Each Fund is exempt from registration as an investment company pursuant to Section
3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). The interests or
shares in each Fund are privately offered pursuant to Regulation D under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”).
None of the Advisers tailors its investment advice to the needs of any investor in a Fund.
However, certain Funds have entered into side letters with investors which may impose
restrictions or limitations on Fund investments.
As of December 31, 2017, each Adviser had the amount specified below in discretionary
assets under management (computed using the same method as was used in responding to Item
5.F of Part 1A of the Form ADV of each Adviser):1
SPM $1,766,446,608
SPM III $1,899,927,130
SPM Products $2,306,156,304
No Adviser advises any non-discretionary accounts or funds for which it does not have
discretionary authority.
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Because this Brochure is being delivered only to “qualified purchasers” under the 1940
Act, the Advisers are not required to provide a fee schedule for the Funds.
Each Feeder Fund and the Single Investor Fund pay a monthly management fee and an
annual performance-based fee (subject to a loss-carryforward or “high water mark” and, with
respect to certain Funds, a “hurdle rate”). The fees paid by an investor in a Feeder Fund are set
forth in the private placement memorandum and related organization documents for that Fund
(“Memorandum”), or, in the case of the Single Investor Fund, in its applicable limited liability
company agreement.
Each Feeder Fund and the Single Investor Fund pay fees to the Adviser that advises that
Fund directly. The third-party administrator of the applicable Fund calculates the monthly or
annual fee. Generally, asset-based management fees are deducted monthly, in arrears, while
performance-based fees, when applicable, are deducted annually at the end of each fiscal year.
With respect to the management fees, each month after the closing of SPM’s books, the
Administrator’s Fund Accountant (“FA”) in collaboration with Administrator’s Investor
1 As noted on Part 1A of Form ADV, the Advisers have calculated regulatory assets under management, consistent
with the instructions to Form ADV, as the sum of the gross asset values of each of the Funds, without any exclusion
for the assets of any Funds that are invested in other Funds. As a result, regulatory assets under management for
SPM Products include some assets that have already been included in the calculation for SPM and SPM III. If SPM
Products were to exclude such assets from the calculation, regulatory assets under management for SPM Products as
of December 31, 2017 would be $1,626,218,258. Regulatory assets under management for SPM and SPM III would
be the same under either calculation.
Relations Team, prepares the management fee payable schedule (the “Schedule”). The Schedule
details by Fund: (i) the investors’ capital balances; (ii) management fee rate for investors; and
(iii) all the calculations associated with obtaining the management fee payable for that period.
The FA completes the Schedule and sends it to his/her manager for review and approval. Once
approved, the FA sends the Schedule to SPM. SPM reviews the Schedule independently based
upon its records. If there are any discrepancies, SPM and the Administrator will resolve them
prior to SPM’s final approval. Once approved by SPM, the Administrator’s Investor Relations
team in collaboration with the Administrator’s Treasury Team wires the approved amount from
each feeder to the respective SPM operating companies. The Administrator’s Investor Relations
Team then sends SPM an e-mail, confirming that the funds were released.
The performance fee is accrued each month during the fiscal year and is paid to the
appropriate Adviser once the external auditor has verbally confirmed that the calculation of the
performance fee is correct. After such verbal confirmation, the custodian is authorized to release
the fee to the administrator, who reviews and sends the fee to the appropriate Adviser. If an
investor redeems or withdraws all or part of its investment at any time other than the last
Business Day of a fiscal year, the investor will pay a pro-rated performance fee to the
appropriate Adviser. None of the Funds charge investors any fees in advance.
Management and performance fees may be waived in full or in part by the general partner
and/or the Adviser, as applicable, with respect to any investor in any Fund.
Structured Servicing Transactions Group, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company
and an affiliate of each Adviser (“SSTG”), is the general partner of each Onshore Feeder and
each Master Fund (other than SSH Master Fund, of which SPM serves as general partner without
a fee).
Each Feeder Fund and the Single Investor Fund bear their ongoing transaction,
administrative, custody, legal (including blue sky compliance, side letter negotiation and costs
relating to offering in foreign jurisdictions and/or to particular types of investors), tax
preparation, investor reporting, valuation agent and appraisal fees and expenses, insurance and
accounting and audit expenses and any other expenses that are reasonably incurred in connection
with the business or maintenance of that Fund. Each Feeder Fund and the Single Investor Fund
also pay the fees and expenses of any prime brokers and any administrator. Each Feeder Fund
also pays its
pro rata share of the expenses of the Master Fund(s), if any, in which it invests.
As noted above, the Opportunity Funds may invest in the Core Funds and in the RERT
Funds. In such cases, the Opportunity Funds will not pay an asset-based or performance-based
fee in connection with their investment in the Core Funds or in the RERT Funds. The
Opportunity Funds will, however, be responsible for their
pro rata share of each of these
underlying Funds’ expenses as an investor therein.
The Core Funds may invest in the SSH Funds and the MBS Agency Funds, as discussed
in Item 4 above. The Core Funds will not pay an asset-based or performance-based fee to an
Adviser of one of these Funds in connection with the investment by the Core Funds. The Core
Funds will, however, be responsible for their
pro rata share of each of these underlying Funds’
expenses as an investor therein.
An investor in certain Funds may also be subject to a redemption fee if an investor withdraws or redeems all or part of its interests or shares prior to any applicable lock-up periods,
as specified in the offering documents for that Fund.
No Adviser or its supervised persons accept compensation for the sale of securities or
other investment products. See Item 12 for a discussion of the brokerage practices of the
Advisers.
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Each Adviser charges the relevant Feeder Funds and/or the Single Investor Fund that it
manages, a performance-based fee as well as a management fee. The performance-based fee for
each such Fund is subject to a “high-water mark” and, with respect to some Funds, a “hurdle
rate.” The performance-based fee may, at times, be based upon unrealized appreciation of assets.
As a result of the performance-based fee, an Adviser may have an incentive to make
investments that are riskier or more speculative than it otherwise might make in the absence of
compensation based on the performance of such a Fund. The Advisers monitor the investments
made for the Funds on an ongoing basis and endeavor to ensure that investments made for the
Funds are appropriate without regard to the potential for performance-based fees.
SPM and the SPM Affiliates share common employees, including portfolio managers, as
discussed in Item 10 below. These portfolio managers make investment decisions for the Funds.
As a result, there may be a perception that the Advisers have an incentive to favor accounts
(through allocation of investments) that are above or near the “high water mark” or “hurdle rate”
over those that are significantly below the “high water mark” or the “hurdle rate.” This is
because an Adviser will not earn a performance-based fee from a Fund, unless the performance
of that Fund exceeds the high water mark and, if applicable, hurdle rate. In addition, the
Advisers manage funds with different fee structures. Differing fee structures may cause an
incentive to allocate investments with favorable return characteristics to Funds paying higher
performance fees. The managers of Portfolio Management, Risk Management and
Finance/Operations of the Advisers monitor investments made for the Funds on an ongoing basis
and endeavor to ensure that investments made for the Funds are appropriate without regard to
performance-based fees.
In cases where more than one Fund buys or sells the same non-hedging security, the
portfolio managers employed by the Advisers seek to allocate these purchase and sale
opportunities in a fair and equitable manner across the Funds.
Pro rata allocation is pursued
when the size of the asset being purchased provides for an equal opportunity for all Funds to
share in the asset based on the underlying Funds’ AUM without creating odd-lots for the smaller
Funds. More often than not, however,
pro rata is not the allocation method for purchases or
sales by Funds. This is because a
pro rata allocation often is not appropriate in light of the
relevant Funds’ strategic mandates, including, but not limited to, the size of the Fund, the size of
the position, liquidity, leverage, fund level sourcing needs, collateral characteristics, sub-asset
classes, cash availability and cash needs. Nevertheless, in such cases, the Advisers intend to
allocate purchase and sale opportunities in a fair and equitable manner among the Funds. While
the Advisers seek to ensure fair and equitable treatment over time, there can be no assurance of
equality of treatment among all Funds or that any one investment will be proportionally allocated
among Funds according to any particular or predetermined standards or criteria.
In addition, certain investment strategies may be employed across multiple investment
programs managed by the Advisers and such strategies may be the primary focus of one or more
investment programs and a minor allocation of capital within one or more other investment
programs managed by the Advisers. When Funds that participate in an aggregated order have
different investment programs, the allocation plan will be agreed upon among the respective
portfolio managers of the investment programs (or, absence an agreement, by the Chief
Investment Officer).
The managers of Portfolio Management, Risk Management and Finance/Operations of
the Advisers strive to meet on a monthly basis (but in no event do they meet less than quarterly)
to review all non-hedging trades, including bunched trades executed for the month(s) not covered
by the prior meetings. The review is intended to ensure consistency in the Advisers’ allocation
procedures. It is also intended to ensure that allocation decisions made considered the Funds’
strategic mandates, including but not limited to, the size of the position, liquidity, leverage, fund
level sourcing needs, collateral characteristics, sub-asset classes, cash availability and cash
needs. The meetings are also intended to confirm that allocations were made in conformity with
the policies of the Advisers, to encourage an active debate among the Advisers’ division heads
and to seek to ensure that all clients are treated fairly over time.
Allocation of hedging positions (highly liquid assets such as treasuries, swaps, forwards
and futures) is model driven to maintain the strategic neutral market mandate of most of the
Funds with respect to interest rates. These investments are allocated in a fair and equitable
manner based on the determination of the relevant portfolio managers and applicable law relating
to bunched orders. Allocation of such investments is not subject to the foregoing
pro rata policy
or review and documentation procedures.
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The Advisers provide investment management services to the Funds, each of which is a
private investment vehicle that is not registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act.
The Funds are described in greater detail in Item 4 and Item 8.
Each investor in the SSH Onshore Feeder, the MBS Agency Onshore Feeder, the Core
Onshore Feeder, the Opportunity Onshore Feeder and the RERT Onshore Feeder must be (1) an
accredited investor as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the 1933 Act (an “accredited
investor”), (2) a qualified purchaser as defined in the 1940 Act and the regulations thereunder (a
“qualified purchaser”), and (3) a United States person under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended (“Code”).
Each investor in the SSH Offshore Feeder, the MBS Agency Offshore Feeder, the Core
Offshore Feeder, the Opportunity Offshore Feeder and the RERT Offshore Feeder must be (1) an
accredited investor, (2) a qualified purchaser, and (3) if a United States person under the Code,
an entity that is exempt from U.S. federal income tax under Section 501 of the Code or
otherwise.
Each investor in the Single Investor Fund must be (1) an accredited investor and (2) a
qualified purchaser.
The minimum initial investment by an investor in any of the SSH Feeder Funds or MBS
Agency Feeder Funds, subject to waiver, is $1 million. The minimum initial investment by an
investor in any of the Core Feeder Funds, the Opportunity Feeder Funds, the RERT Feeder
Funds or the Single Investor Fund, subject to waiver, is $5 million.
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The investment objective of the SSH Funds is to construct a portfolio that, over time, generates a spread above one-month LIBOR with limited exposure to interest rate and
prepayment risk. The SSH Funds pursue this objective primarily by investing in “non-agency”
mortgage-backed securities. The SSH Feeder Funds invest substantially all of their assets in the
SSH Master Fund. The SSH Master Fund seeks to take advantage of financial circumstances
that will, on occasion, allow it to acquire investments at what it considers attractive prices.
These circumstances may include periods of rapid or significant change in interest rate levels,
unexpectedly high or low levels of prepayments for certain types of mortgages or entire classes
of mortgages, periods of decreased liquidity for certain types of assets as well as other
circumstances. There may be long periods during which the SSH Master Fund finds no
attractive investments for its portfolio and, during those periods, the SSH Master Fund may
refrain from investing in such mortgage-related assets. At such times, the SSH Master Fund may
have relatively large amounts of cash to invest.
The investment objective of the MBS Agency Funds is to generate returns from
investments in the so-called “Agency” mortgage-backed securities market while hedging against
the effects of certain risks. The MBS Agency Master Fund executes a strategy of buying
mortgage-backed securities, together with appropriate hedging instruments, in order to capture
excess risk-adjusted returns. The MBS Agency Master Fund seeks to achieve its investment
objective by investing in a broad range of financial assets drawn principally from the U.S.
residential mortgage markets. The MBS Agency Master Fund’s portfolio is generally hedged
relative to interest rate risk as well as certain risks related to prepayment model errors. There
may be long periods during which the MBS Agency Master Fund finds no attractive investments
for its portfolio and, during those periods, the MBS Agency Master Fund may refrain from
investing in such mortgage-related assets. At such times, the MBS Agency Master Fund may
have relatively large amounts of cash to invest.
The investment objective of the Core Funds is to construct a portfolio that, over time,
generates a spread above one-month LIBOR, with limited exposure to interest rate and
prepayment risk. Historically, the Core Onshore Feeder and the Core Offshore Feeder have
invested substantially all of their assets in the Core Master Fund. The Core Master Fund, in turn,
has historically invested substantially all of its assets in the SSH Master Fund and the MBS
Agency Master Fund, which acquire primarily various mortgage-related and other investments
(including, without limitation, CMOs, MBS, stripped mortgage-backed securities and asset-
backed securities), although other types of investments may also be acquired. Each of the Core
Funds, at times, holds investments directly in cash and/or cash equivalents. As discussed in Item
4 above, each of the Core Feeders currently invests the portion of its assets that otherwise would
have been invested through the Core Master Fund into the MBS Agency Master Fund directly
into the corresponding MBS Agency Feeder Fund, which in turn invests directly into the MBS
Agency Master Fund. All asset-based fees, performance-based fees and any applicable lock-up
period associated with these investments have been waived.
The investment objective of the Opportunity Funds is to construct a portfolio that, over
time, generates a spread above one-month LIBOR. The Opportunity Onshore Feeder and the
Opportunity Offshore Feeder generally invest substantially all of their assets in the Opportunity
Master Fund. Generally, the Opportunity Master Fund seeks to take advantage of economic
opportunities arising from market structures and disequilibria that result from broad systemic
factors, including macro and microeconomic conditions, changes in government policy, political
changes and forecasts and analyses of interest rate, default, credit and volatility trends. In
seeking to achieve its objective, the Opportunity Master Fund has broad flexibility to invest in a
wide range of asset classes and instruments. The Opportunity Master Fund may take positions
in, among other assets, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, currencies, debt,
equities and commodities, and may take outright directional positions or relative value positions.
The Opportunity Master Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the Core Master Fund
and the RERT Master Fund. As discussed in Item 4 above, each of the Opportunity Feeders
currently invests the portion of its assets that otherwise would have been invested through the
Opportunity Master Fund into the Core Master Fund and the RERT Master Fund directly into the
corresponding Core Feeder and RERT Feeder, each of which generally invests directly into the
Core Master Fund and the RERT Master Fund, as applicable. All asset-based fees, performance-
based fees and any applicable lock-up period associated with these investments have been
waived.
The investment objective of the RERT Funds is to construct a portfolio that, over time,
generates a spread above one-month LIBOR. The RERT Onshore Feeder and the RERT
Offshore Feeder invest substantially all of their assets in the RERT Master Fund. The RERT
Funds follow a strategy or strategies intended to benefit from the SPM Products’ evaluation of
the relative value within the credit risk transfer (“CRT”) or related sectors or where the market is
underestimating fundamental expected value in various parts of the CRT capital structures. SPM
Products will target specific parts of the capital structure where there is strong current yield and
excess risk premium. SPM Products will utilize its proprietary CRT credit OAS models to
evaluate both the collateral and structure characteristics of CRT tranches to optimize portfolio
construction and will seek to select those financial instruments best suited to achieving returns
consistent with SPM Products’ evaluations and interpretations.
The investment objective of the LLC Single Investor Fund is to take advantage of
economic opportunities arising from market structures and disequilibria that result from broad
systemic factors, including macro and microeconomic conditions, changes in government policy,
political changes and forecasts and analyses of interest rate and volatility trends. SPM Products
may take positions in, among other assets, currencies, debt, equities and commodities, and may
take outright directional positions or may take relative value positions. The LLC Single Investor
Fund’s assets will invest in a number of markets and a broad range of instruments.
Each of the Master Funds and the Single Investor Fund may take long or short positions
in the securities in which they invest.
In selecting investments, the Advisers use a variety of proprietary financial models and
third-party software, together with research obtained from third parties and market knowledge
obtained from the experience and professional contacts of its professionals.
With respect to certain Funds, the Advisers may use, among other methods of analysis,
option-adjusted spread (“OAS”) analysis and/or relative value analysis in selecting securities and
other assets. The OAS of a security or other asset is the yield-spread (in basis points) to some
interest rate or set of interest rates (
e.g., LIBOR) corresponding to a specified price for the
security or asset. The OAS of a security nets out the effects of the option(s) embedded in the
security on the security’s yield. Most mortgages, for example, come with the option – held by
the mortgagors – to pay off their loans at any time before stated maturity. Thus, the mortgagors
effectively hold call options exercisable against the owner of the mortgage. The value of such a
mortgage depends, in part, upon the value of the call option. Likewise, the sensitivity of the
mortgage’s value to changes in interest rates will depend, in part, upon the effects of changes in
those rates on the mortgagor’s propensity to repay his, her or its loan. OAS analysis consists of
evaluating the effects of the embedded options on a security’s price, sensitivity to changes in
interest rates, sensitivity to changes in spread and, with respect to mortgage-related investments,
sensitivity to changes in mortgagor propensities to prepay their loans.
Relative value analysis is an attempt to determine which of a set of securities or other
assets offers better value, given its price and related risks. For example, two securities, which
may be offered at the same price, can differ in sensitivity to various uncertainties (risks).
Relative value incorporates assessments of both risk and return. The better relative value of a
pair of similar securities is the one that provides for greater return relative to its risk.
Risks Related to Fund Strategies and Practices Each of the following material risks apply to investment by the Funds, whether directly
by the Feeder Funds and the Single Investor Fund, or indirectly through a Master Fund, and by
the Core Master Fund and Opportunity Master Fund through their investment in other Funds.
Hedging. The Funds may take both long positions and short positions in certain asset
classes, primarily for hedging purposes. As part of their general strategy, the Funds may acquire
positions that expose them to significant interest rate and prepayment risks but typically hedge
against those risks by acquiring assets whose value should move in the opposite direction of
those acquired positions that have these exposures.
The Funds typically hedge their economic interest through the purchase and/or sale of
various financial instruments (including highly liquid assets such as treasuries, swaps, forwards
and futures). In general, the successful use of any hedging technique is an uncertain matter, but
it is dependent on intellectual resources, modeling tools and the various types of technology that
assist in bringing these two resources together. The degree to which a Fund hedges depends on
its Adviser’s assessment of prevailing risks, market conditions, price levels and other factors. In
general, the Funds will seek to maintain low levels of exposure to certain major risks associated
with interest rate levels and changes. There can be no assurance that such hedging activity will
be effective in protecting any of the Funds from losses associated with those risks. Further, any
such hedging activities may expose the Funds to risks to which it would not otherwise have been
exposed.
Current Market Conditions. Financial markets have experienced significant changes
since 2008. At times, these markets have suffered from substantial price volatility (both actual
and implied) while at others such volatility may have been suppressed as a result of government
policy. At times, liquidity in these markets has also suffered. The U.S. real estate – including
residential housing – market, residential mortgage market and credit markets have been
particularly affected by these changes in volatility and government policies. These conditions
may return or continue and, should that happen, the Funds’ investments might be negatively
affected.
Borrowing. Each Fund may borrow money to finance investments, and for liquidity.
Generally, the Funds will use repurchase agreements and/or reverse repurchase agreements for
financing purposes. The Funds run the risk of a default of the counterparty to the Master
Repurchase Agreement (“MRA”) governing their repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements.
The Funds currently do all of their borrowing through MRAs. The Funds may also enter
into revolving credit agreements. Such agreements are subject to a number of conditions
including, without limitation, covenants relating to the activities and financial condition of the
Funds, conditions of lending, representations and warranties, and events of default. A Fund’s
failure to comply with these terms and conditions may cause an event of default under the credit
agreement, which could permit the lenders to refuse to fund additional loans and/or foreclose on
the collateral which the Fund pledged in connection with the agreement. A defaulting Fund may
be unable to find a replacement source of financing. Even if the Fund could find additional
financing, it may not be able to negotiate advantageous terms or satisfy the terms of the
replacement financing agreement.
If the Funds are unable to borrow, this inability could have a negative affect on the
Funds’ performance and liquidity.
Derivatives. The Funds may invest in or use derivatives, including, without limitation,
swaps, forwards and futures (“Derivatives”) used for hedging purposes. These are financial
instruments that derive their performance, at least in part, from the performance of an underlying
asset, index or interest rate. Derivatives can be volatile and involve various types and degrees of
risk, depending upon the characteristics of the particular Derivative and the portfolio as a whole.
Derivatives may entail investment exposures that are greater than their cost would suggest,
meaning that a small investment in Derivatives could have a large potential impact on a Fund’s
performance. The risks generally associated with Derivatives include the risks that: (a) the value
of the Derivative will change in a manner detrimental to the Fund; (b) before purchasing the
Derivative, the Fund will not have the opportunity to observe its performance under all market
conditions; (c) another party to the Derivative may fail to comply with the terms of the
Derivative contract; (d) the Derivative may be difficult to purchase or sell; and (e) the Derivative
may involve indebtedness or economic leverage, such that adverse changes in the value of the
underlying asset could result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the
derivative itself or in heightened price sensitivity to market fluctuations.
Valuation Methodologies. The Advisers employ a valuation approach that involves
obtaining independent prices for all liquid and illiquid securities. With respect to illiquid
securities, the Advisers rely on prices obtained from dealers or pricing services to value such
securities. Typically, the dealer who sold the security to the Funds is the dealer that provides the
price. There are cases where individual line items also get multiple prices. The Funds’
administrator is also responsible for independently obtaining prices for all liquid and illiquid
securities submitted by dealers and/or pricing services. From time to time, where a dealer or
pricing service quote appears to be significantly off market, the Advisers may request that such
dealer or service review its pricing on the position or positions in question. In the event that the
Advisers were not able to obtain an independent quote for an illiquid security, the Advisers
would use their financial models to determine a “best estimate” valuation. Should this occur,
this may create a conflict of interest because the Advisers may stand to benefit from a higher
valuation of a particular security that would have ordinarily been priced independently.
Risks Related to Specific Types of Securities in Which the Funds Invest
The Advisers generally recommend investment in mortgage-related securities,
particularly residential mortgage-related securities. All of the Funds may invest in other assets.
Mortgage-Related Securities Generally. Mortgage-related securities are collateralized by
residential or commercial mortgages or pools of residential or commercial mortgages. Pools of
mortgage loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental,
government-related and private organizations.
Mortgage-related securities are subject to credit risk associated with the performance by
the mortgagors. Prepayment risk can lead to fluctuations in value of the mortgage-related
security, which may be pronounced. If a mortgage-related security is purchased at a premium,
all or part of the premium may be lost if there is a decline in the market value of the security,
whether resulting from changes in interest rates or prepayments on the underlying mortgage
collateral. As with other interest-bearing securities, the prices of certain mortgage-related
securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates. However, although the value of a
mortgage-related security may decline when interest rates rise, the converse is not necessarily
true, since in periods of declining interest rates the mortgages underlying the security are more
likely to be prepaid. Due to declining interest rates and for other reasons, a mortgage-related
security’s stated maturity may be shortened by unscheduled prepayments on the underlying
mortgages. Therefore, it is not possible to predict precisely a security’s return to an investor.
During periods of rapidly rising interest rates, prepayments of mortgage-related securities may
occur at slower than expected rates. Slower prepayments effectively may lengthen a mortgage-
related security’s expected maturity, which generally would cause the value of such security to
fluctuate more widely in response to changes in interest rates. The Funds also may invest in
inverse floating rate debt instruments (“inverse floaters”). The interest rate on an inverse floater
resets in the opposite direction from the market rate of interest to which the inverse floater is
indexed or inversely to a multiple of the applicable index. An inverse floating rate security may
exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation of similar credit quality.
Risks of Investment in Residential Mortgage Securities. The assets held by the Funds
may include mortgage-related securities, government-related securities, government-sponsored
securities and other securities backed by residential mortgage loans (“Residential Mortgage
Securities”). Violations of certain provisions of federal, state and local laws, as well as actions
by governmental agencies, authorities and attorneys general, may limit the ability of a servicer to
collect all or part of the principal of, or interest on, the mortgage loans that serve as security for
the Residential Mortgage Securities. Violations could also subject the entity that made the loans
to damages and administrative enforcement (including disgorgement of prior interest and fees
paid). In particular, a loan seller’s failure to comply with certain requirements of federal and
state laws could subject the seller (and other assignees of the mortgage loans) to monetary
penalties and result in the obligors’ rescinding the mortgage loans against the seller and any
subsequent holders of the mortgage loans, even if the assignee was not responsible for and was
unaware of those violations.
The terms of the documents used to create Residential Mortgage Securities typically
entitle the holders of the securitized loans to contractual indemnification against these liabilities.
For example, the sellers of loans placed in a Residential Mortgage Security typically represent
that each mortgage loan was in compliance with applicable federal and state laws and regulations
at the time it was made. If there is a breach of that representation, the seller will be obligated to
cure the breach or repurchase or replace the affected mortgage loan. If the seller is unable or
otherwise fails to satisfy these obligations, the yield on the Residential Mortgage Securities may
be materially and adversely affected. Due to the well-publicized deterioration in the housing
market several years ago, many of the sellers that issued these indemnifications are no longer
extant or are unable to financially respond to their indemnification obligations. Consequently,
holders of interests in the Residential Mortgage Securities, such as the Funds, may ultimately
have to absorb the losses arising from the sellers’ violations.
Furthermore, the volume of new and modified laws and regulations at both the federal
and state levels relating to Residential Mortgage Securities and residential mortgage loans has
increased in recent years. It is possible that these laws, including any litigation resulting from
increased enforcement, might result in additional significant costs and liabilities, which could
adversely affect the Funds’ returns.
Debt and Other Fixed-Income Securities. The Funds may invest in fixed-income
securities. Income securities are subject to interest rate, market and credit risk. Interest rate risk
relates to changes in a security’s value as a result of changes in interest rates generally. Even
though such instruments are investments that may promise a stable stream of income, the prices
of such securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates and, therefore, are subject to
the risk of market price fluctuations. This inverse relationship means, in general, the values of
fixed income securities increase when prevailing interest rates fall and decrease when interest
rates rise. Market risk relates to the changes in the risk or perceived risk of an issuer, country or
region. Credit risk relates to the ability of the issuer to make payments of principal and interest.
A Fund could lose money if the issuer of a fixed income security is unable to pay interest or
repay principal when due. Credit risk applies to most fixed income securities. The values of
income securities may also be affected by changes in the credit rating or financial condition of
the issuing entities.
For a more complete discussion of the analysis and investment strategies used in
formulating investment advice or managing assets and the investment risks for the Funds,
investors should review the applicable Memorandum for each Feeder Fund, or, with respect to
the Single Investor Fund, its limited liability company agreement.
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There are no legal or disciplinary events material to a client’s or prospective client’s
evaluation of any Adviser’s business, except as follows:
On August 28, 2014, SPM, SPM Jr., L.L.C. and SPM IV, L.L.C. (collectively, the “SPM
Parties”) reached a settlement agreement with the SEC resolving issues regarding the adequacy
of certain written compliance policies and procedures that were in place from 2006 to 2009 and
involved three SPM Party-managed funds, including Structured Servicing Holdings Master
Fund, L.P., Parmenides Master Fund, L.P., and Aqueous Master Fund, L.P. During this period,
trading occurred in the same highly liquid securities across the three SPM funds. The potential
conflict was disclosed to investors and that SPM’s written compliance procedures stated that
SPM traders would seek to allocate trades in a fair and equitable manner in light of the
investment objectives and strategies of SPM’s funds and other factors. The SEC found that the
potential conflict was not adequately addressed by the written compliance procedures then in
place. In addition, the SEC found that the written compliance procedures did not sufficiently
ensure that disclosures to investors regarding the trading and investment strategy of Aqueous
Master Fund, L.P. were adequately reviewed. The SPM Parties have been ordered to cease and
desist from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of Section 206(4) of
the Advisers Act and Rule 206(4)-7 thereunder, were censured and ordered to pay a civil fine of
$300,000, the entirety of which was borne by the SPM Parties. SPM was also required to hire,
and did hire, an independent compliance consultant to review SPM’s procedures regarding trade
allocation and investor disclosures. SPM Jr., L.L.C. and SPM IV, L.L.C. were affiliates of SPM
but are no longer registered as investment advisers as the private funds that they had been
managing have been dissolved.
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Each Adviser is an affiliate of SSTG, which serves as the general partner of the Onshore
Feeder Funds and the Master Funds (other than SSH Master Fund).
In addition, SPM is a majority-owner of each of the SPM Affiliates, including each class
of interests of SPM Products. As noted in Item 5 above, the Core Funds and the Opportunity
Funds invest in certain other Funds, although, as noted in Item 5, the Core Funds and the
Opportunity Funds will not bear asset-based or performance-based fees as a result of investing in
another Fund.
All Advisers share common offices and employees. Each Adviser is the investment
adviser to, and/or general partner of, a private fund or funds, some of which are Funds in which
the Core Funds and/or the Opportunity Funds invest. Each Fund may hold or seek to purchase or
sell some of the same investments as other Funds. See the response to Item 6 for further
information.
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Trading Each of the Advisers has adopted the same Code of Ethics (“Code”) that sets forth the
standards of conduct expected of all of the employees, managers, and officers of each Adviser
(“Personnel”). All Personnel must comply with the Code.
The Code requires the Personnel to report their personal securities holdings and
transactions and requires the Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) or his designee to pre-approve
certain investments. Personnel are required to submit an annual report of brokerage accounts
and holdings along with an annual acknowledgement and certification stating that the individual
will comply with the Code. In addition, Personnel are required to submit quarterly transaction
reports that detail the individual’s securities transactions for the quarter. The Code states that
Personnel owe a duty of loyalty to the applicable Adviser(s) and their clients that requires them
to act for the best interests of those clients. In addition, Personnel must avoid actions or
activities that allow (or appear to allow) them or their family members to profit or benefit from
their relationships with the applicable Adviser(s) and their clients. In the event a conflict is
unavoidable, the applicable Adviser(s) will proactively disclose the conflict to investors. The
Code also contains policies involving the safeguarding of proprietary and non-public information
by Personnel along with restrictions on the use of insider information and the use of non-public
information regarding a client.
The Advisers will provide a copy of its Code to any investor or prospective investor upon request.
SSTG acts as the general partner, and SPM or an SPM Affiliate acts as the investment
manager, to certain Funds in which other Funds may invest. In order to address the conflict,
performance fees are not paid by a Fund with respect to that Fund’s investment in another Fund.
One or more Funds may purchase or sell securities at the same time that another Fund or
Funds purchases or sells securities. For more information, see the response to Item 6.
The Advisers are authorized to engage in transactions in which they act as an adviser for
a Fund and for another person on the other side of the transaction, including another Fund. The
Advisers may, from time to time, cause a Fund to engage in cross trading with another Fund
when the Advisers deem such transactions to be in the best interest of each Fund. The Advisers
will not be compensated for any such transactions, other than the receipt of the management and
performance fees described in Item 5. In the rare event that the Advisers cause a Fund to engage
in a cross trade with another Fund, the Advisers will typically engage the broker community as
an intermediary.
To comply with securities laws and avoid the appearance of impropriety, the Advisers
have a Restricted Trading List (“RTL”), which is a list of securities or types of securities subject
to restrictions in trading for proprietary accounts and for employee and related accounts, and
other activities and which is furnished to personnel. Currently, these securities include any
securities of an issuer held by a Fund, any mortgage-backed securities and any securities of an
issuer about which an Adviser receives non-public information; provided, however, that
government securities are not on the RTL. In addition, and notwithstanding anything set forth in
the Code, every employee must receive approval of the CCO or his delegate prior to trading any
such securities. The placement of an issuer on the RTL restricts personal trading in any security
issued by that issuer unless the CCO or his delegate, the Compliance Officer or Compliance
Manager, grants an exception, which must occur before any prohibited activity is initiated.
Securities are generally kept on the RTL until the end of the quarter in which the securities are
sold, but not less than thirty (30) days after the date of such sale or cover.
The CCO is required to report issues that arise under the Code to senior management at
least annually.
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The Advisers make investment decisions and arrange for the placement of buy and sell
orders and the execution of portfolio transactions for the Funds. While some investment advisers
may allow clients to direct the execution of transactions through a specified broker-dealer, the
Advisers select the brokers used by the Funds. In arranging for the execution of portfolio
transactions on behalf of the Funds, the Advisers use their best judgment to choose the broker or
dealer believed to be most capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the most
favorable execution. The full range and quality of services available is considered in making
these determinations. In those instances where it is reasonably determined that more than one
broker or dealer can offer the services needed to obtain most favorable execution, consideration
may be given to those dealers or brokers that supply favorable financing, investment research,
economic, market and statistical information and brokerage services (which may include certain
computer software, reports and research seminars) to the Advisers. The Advisers may deem
certain of these services useful in the performance of their obligations to the Funds. Not all of
these services may be useful for all of the Funds.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, when a Fund invests in another Fund, the Adviser of the
second Fund makes decisions concerning the allocation of assets and arranges for the placement
of buy and sell orders and the execution of portfolio transactions on behalf of the second Fund.
The Advisers do not currently have any formal soft dollar arrangements that would
commit the Funds to any implied or explicit level of trading.
The Advisers generally aggregate trades where aggregation will provide the best price.
Each Fund or other entity participating in an aggregated trade receives an allocation of its
respective portion or proceeds of the aggregated purchase or sale based upon the allocation
policies as set forth in Item 6.
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Personnel review and monitor the Funds’ accounts on an ongoing basis. Daily risk
management reports, which list positions, values, and various quantitative measures of risk, are
reviewed by various members of the professional staff. These are checked to determine whether
risk limits have been exceeded. Adjustments are made if limits are exceeded and in case they are
in danger of being exceeded. Financing (“repo”) positions are reviewed frequently by
Finance/Operations and periodically by the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) or his or her
designee to determine if leverage is within limits. Cash is checked on a regular basis by the
Advisers’ CFO or his or her designee. Position reports/hedge reports are also reviewed
periodically by the Advisers’ Chief Investment Officer, Risk Management and Portfolio
Management.
Investors in each Feeder Fund and the Single Investor Fund receive a monthly statement
of the net asset value of their investment in the applicable Fund for that month. Audited
financial statements are distributed to such investors as soon as practicable after the end of each
fiscal year, but not later than 120 days after the end of each fiscal year.
After the end of each fiscal year, each investor in the Onshore Feeders is provided with a
Schedule K-1.
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SPM Products has retained an unaffiliated broker to serve as local service agent for
purposes of offers and sales of interests in the Core Offshore Feeder solely to Japanese investors
in Japan. The compensation paid to the broker is based on a percentage of the management fee
payable to the Advisers with respect to Japanese investors serviced by the local service agent.
The exact percentage of the management fee used to calculate the local service agent’s
compensation varies throughout the term of an investor’s investment. SPM previously entered
into a solicitation agreement pursuant to which SPM agreed to pay Laufer Consulting/Panther
Partners (whose principals were previously investors in Upper Shad) an amount equal to 10% of
the management fees and/or performance fees paid to SPM that are directly attributable to the
interests in the SSH Feeder Funds purchased by a particular client identified by Laufer
Consulting/Panther Partners. While Laufer Consulting/Panther Partners no longer solicits
investors for the SSH Feeder Funds, it continues to receive payment under the previous
agreement. Any solicitation firm engaged by SPM (and/or the SPM Affiliates) will be paid by
SPM and not by investors.
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Each Adviser has custody of assets of the Funds which it advises and SSTG has custody
of the Funds of which it serves as general partner. Each Fund is subject to an annual audit by
independent public accountants and the audited financial statements are distributed to each
investor. The audited financial statements of a Fund will be prepared in accordance with U.S.
generally accepted accounting principals and distributed to Fund investors within 120 days of
such Fund’s fiscal year end.
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Each Adviser has full discretionary authority over the investment activities of the Funds
which it advises. The limitations in its investments for a Fund, if any, are set forth in the
applicable Memorandum or, in the case of the Single Investor Fund, its applicable limited
liability agreement. Except as set forth in Item 4, no investor may impose limitations on the
investment activities of a Fund.
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The Advisers have all adopted identical procedures governing the voting of their
respective clients’ proxies. Each Adviser has the authority to vote proxies on behalf of the Funds
which it advises. In the event the voting of proxies is required, each Adviser has adopted a
policy governing the voting of proxies that is designed to ensure that such Adviser votes client
securities in the best interest of its clients. The Advisers will each generally vote proxies so as to
preserve the long-term economic value of the underlying securities. Each proxy proposal will be
considered on its own merits, and an independent determination will be made whether to support
or oppose management’s position. Although the Advisers believe that the recommendation of
management should be given substantial weight, the Advisers will not support management
proposals that may be detrimental to the underlying value of client positions. Investors may
obtain a copy of these proxy voting policies as well as information about how an Adviser has
voted its clients’ proxies by calling Stephen Ellwood at (203) 351-2889.
Under no circumstances may investors direct how a Fund votes a proxy.
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The Advisers do not require or solicit prepayment of any fees in advance. No Adviser
has been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time during the past ten years.
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Open Brochure from SEC website