CANYON CAPITAL ADVISORS LLC
- Advisory Business
- Fees and Compensation
- Performance-Based Fees
- Types of Clients
- Methods of Analysis
- Disciplinary Information
- Other Activities
- Code of Ethics
- Brokerage Practices
- Review of Accounts
- Client Referrals
- Custody
- Investment Discretion
- Voting Client Securities
- Financial Information
Canyon Capital Advisors LLC (“Canyon” or the “Adviser”) is a multi-strategy, credit-focused, global value-oriented asset management firm that invests across a variety of asset classes, including bank debt, high yield, distressed and special situation securities, securitized assets, equities (including preferreds and common stock), convertible arbitrage and risk arbitrage. Canyon is owned by Canyon Partners, LLC, and has been registered with the SEC as an investment adviser, through its predecessor Canyon Capital Management, L.P., since 1994. Canyon Partners is owned by family limited partnerships and/or trusts that are ultimately controlled by Joshua S. Friedman and Mitchell R. Julis. Canyon provides discretionary advisory services to private investment vehicles (referred to hereinafter as a “Fund” or collectively as “Funds”) and managed accounts (together with Funds, collectively referred to as “Client(s)”). As of December 31, 2019, Canyon had twenty-two (22) Clients and regulatory assets under management of approximately $20.9 billion, all of which is managed on a discretionary basis. Advisory services are generally not tailored to the individual needs of Fund investors and Fund investors are generally not permitted to impose restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of securities. However, with respect to managed accounts, Clients may obtain tailored advisory services and impose restrictions on investing in certain securities or types of securities, all of which would be detailed through a written investment advisory agreement. The principals of Canyon are Joshua S. Friedman and Mitchell R. Julis (collectively, the “Canyon Principals”). Messrs. Friedman and Julis lead Canyon and are responsible for the investment activities of Canyon’s Clients as well as Canyon’s research strategy and firm management. please register to get more info
Clients are typically charged an asset based fee and/or an incentive based fee (commonly referred to as a performance allocation or fee). The asset based fees are normally charged at an annual rate of between 1% and 2% of the value of the Client’s net assets under management and are generally payable monthly or quarterly in arrears depending on the investment advisory agreement. The fee will be based on the account value on the last business day of the preceding calendar month or quarter, as applicable. The first payment, if based on less than a full period, will be pro-rated to cover the period from the date the account is opened through the end of that calendar year, quarter or month, as applicable. The performance allocation or fee generally equals 20% per annum of the net profit in a Client’s account, typically subject to a loss carryforward adjustment and a “high water mark”, and is generally payable in arrears at the end of each calendar year but may be payable more frequently if provided for in the investment advisory agreement. Upon termination of the investment advisory services, any unpaid portion of fees will be determined and due on a pro rata basis. In certain circumstances the performance allocation or fee may be measured over a multi-year period and/or subject to hurdle. Performance based allocations or fees are charged in accordance with the requirements of Rule 205-3 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as well as limitations applicable in California, and Canyon will not accept clients who do not satisfy the eligibility criteria of applicable law. Because Canyon is compensated based in part on capital appreciation, there may be an incentive for Canyon to make investments that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such a compensation framework. In addition, Canyon will receive performance based compensation on unrealized appreciation as well as realized gains with respect to certain Clients. Prepayment of fees is generally not required. In certain circumstances, fees may be individually negotiated by Fund investors and/or managed accounts. Negotiated fees may be higher or lower than those discussed above. Similar services may be available from other investment advisers at a lower cost. Clients will also bear direct and indirect costs, fees and expenses incurred by or on behalf of such Clients including, among others, (i) all costs, fees and expenses of the Client directly related to the investigation, purchase, sale, preservation or retention of investments by the Client (including all fees and commissions of brokers and custodians, research expenses, quotation services, travel costs, all fees and expenses relating to the registration and qualification for sale of such investments and all transfer taxes); (ii) all federal, state and local taxes and filing fees payable by the Client; (iii) all fees and disbursements of the independent attorneys, accountants and consultants retained by the Client, or on behalf of the Client; (iv) all filing and recording fees; and (v) all interest expense of the Client. To the extent such expenses are incurred for the benefit of the multiple Clients, Canyon will make a good faith allocation of such expenses among its Clients. In the event a Client invests in a transaction which includes break-up, standby, commitment, consent, waiver or similar fees, the Adviser generally will retain such fees and reduce the management fee or reimbursable expenses next payable by a like amount. Canyon may use sub-advisers to manage a small portion of a Fund’s assets. As a result, Fund investors’ will pay their proportionate share of the sub-advisers’ management and administrative fees. Investors should refer to each Fund’s Offering Memorandum and other relevant documents for additional/supplemental information regarding a Fund as well as the fees and expenses associated with such Fund. please register to get more info
As noted above, Canyon earns a performance allocation or fee. At this time, all Canyon Clients are charged a performance allocation or fee. However, because the actual performance allocation or fee charged to a specific Client may vary, there may be an incentive for Canyon to make investments that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such a compensation framework or to favor those Clients with higher performance allocations or fees over Clients with lower performance allocations or fees. Canyon seeks to mitigate this risk by, among other things, seeking to allocate investments in a fair and equitable manner over time among its Clients. For more information on Canyon’s allocation procedure, please see Brokerage Practices – Allocation of Investment Opportunities. In addition, Canyon will receive performance based compensation on unrealized appreciation as well as realized gains with respect to certain Clients. please register to get more info
Clients and Fund investors include individuals, trusts, pension plans, corporations, and public and private entities. Fund investors must meet the investor qualifications associated with each Fund (which generally require Fund investors to be “accredited investors” and “qualified purchasers”, as such terms are defined in the federal securities laws). Canyon will generally manage investment advisory accounts with a minimum size of $50,000,000 and will further require that no withdrawal be permitted if to do so reduces the account to less than $25,000,000, unless the account is being terminated. However, Canyon may, in its discretion, based upon its total client relationship and other circumstances, accept or continue to advise smaller accounts from time to time. please register to get more info
Canyon seeks opportunities on behalf of its Clients to realize value overlooked by others. Canyon is a “global value-oriented” alternative asset manager that employs a variety of credit strategies across a broad spectrum of asset classes. Canyon emphasizes bottom-up fundamental credit analysis, leveraging its long history of accumulated experience and knowledge to conduct balance sheet analysis and due diligence. It believes that the dynamic nature of the global capital markets and the continuous evolution of corporate and securitized balance sheets results in inefficiencies in financial asset prices (or gaps between market value and “intrinsic” value). Given the legal and financial background and extensive investment experience of Canyon, as well as the significant strengths that Canyon possesses in the areas of corporate finance and special situations research, Canyon believes it is advantageously positioned to provide investors with an opportunity to capitalize on these perceived market inefficiencies in this area of investing. Canyon looks across the corporate capital structure, investing opportunistically across senior secured leveraged loans, high yield bonds, convertibles, equities and credit derivatives. Additionally, Canyon looks beyond the traditional corporate markets to the structured finance space, where it invests in mortgage securities/derivatives, aircraft lease securitizations, CDOs/CLOs, distressed structured municipal bonds and other areas. Positions in other asset classes, such as foreign currencies and commodities, may be employed to a lesser extent as appropriate. Allocations across these asset classes will shift over time in response to evolving value propositions and risk/reward profiles. Prior to implementation, investment ideas for Clients are discussed among Messrs. Friedman and Julis and Canyon’s senior portfolio managers. Such discussions generally focus on, among other factors, the merits of the investment on a stand-alone basis, risks embedded in and those theses implied by the investment, how the investment fits in with the rest of the portfolio, hedging considerations, sizing goals and/or price targets. All investment ideas ultimately must be approved by Messrs. Friedman and Julis. “Value-Oriented” and “Event-Driven” Investing Canyon’s strategy is to combine “value-oriented” and “event-driven” investing. Canyon believes in employing a “bottom up” approach and focuses on rigorous research of business, credit and legal issues in order to determine values, analyzes corporate events and special situations, identifies securities which can be purchased at a price it believes represents a discount to intrinsic value, and identifies catalysts which can unlock value. “Value-oriented” investing is an investment strategy characterized by research directed at identifying gaps between the market valuations of financial instruments and the intrinsic values of the underlying assets or enterprises. These gaps are frequently created by business, financial or legal uncertainties that depress market valuations of financial instruments, or discrete events that affect the valuation of a company or pool of assets. In such situations, Canyon performs extensive research to develop an opinion about the true nature and extent of the risks presented by those uncertainties. If Canyon determines that a discount is sufficiently large and unwarranted, it may take a long position in such security. Conversely, when Canyon believes that the market value of a security is significantly above its intrinsic value because investors are underestimating the risks associated with the security or for other reasons, it may establish a short position in that security. “Event-driven” investing complements Canyon’s value approach by identifying near- and intermediate- term catalysts that may affect investors’ perceptions of securities. By understanding the likelihood of value- creation catalysts, Canyon positions itself to better gauge the holding period and internal rates of return of its investments. Generally, Canyon attempts to purchase a security at a discount from its intrinsic value in event-driven situations where: (i) diminution of value is limited by either the security’s ranking in the capital structure or the underlying hard asset or going concern value; (ii) there is potential for significant capital appreciation or ongoing current income; and (iii) there is an identifiable catalyst that can result in price appreciation. Investment Process Canyon’s approach to “value-oriented” investing integrates the core analyses it generally performs for fixed income investments. The foundation for investing in a company’s securities or structured finance vehicles is based on a discounted cash flow or an abnormal earnings valuation, with a particular emphasis on the timing of the cash flows and the risks associated with various components of that cash flow stream. Canyon’s approaches to its two main areas of investment (corporate credit and structured finance) are described below.
Corporate Investments. For corporate investments, Canyon generally engages in a thorough analysis of
the company’s historical financial statements in order to understand the economics of its underlying operational, investment, and financial activities. Canyon typically performs in-depth industry competitive analyses so as to better understand and project the company’s top line, margins, and capital efficiency. Canyon’s analysis of prevailing market prices of a company’s securities provides insights into the expectations that the market currently has for the company, and provides an indication of the likely cost of capital going forward. In addition, by comparing the resulting enterprise value to the replacement value, book value, and liquidation value of a company’s assets, Canyon can gain a better appreciation for any abnormal returns that might be expected of the company. The above analyses help provide an overall sense of the company’s enterprise value and a general sense for the value of a company’s securities. Additional credit analytics are required to meaningfully differentiate between the attractiveness of non-equity securities within a capital structure, as well as to provide a more complete appreciation of the possibilities for and consequences of changes to the corporate balance sheet. In addition, Canyon generally scrutinizes a company’s fixed income and preferred securities, seeking to understand the associated maturity schedules and the specific contractual obligations and prohibitions that are tied to these instruments. This process allows Canyon to better understand a company’s financial flexibility, its future optimum capital structure, and its cost and probability of accessing the capital markets. Together, this information enables Canyon to refine its discounted cash flow and abnormal earnings analyses and to more accurately assess whether a company’s current capital structure is congruent with its needs. Frequently, this knowledge also will enable Canyon to identify situations in which a company’s rebalancing of assets and liabilities may unlock hidden value for holders of its securities. With this integrated analytic approach, Canyon applies a consistent risk/reward yardstick across all of a company’s securities. This comprehensive survey positions Canyon to identify the securities that are cheapest from a risk/reward perspective and enables Canyon to create intra-capital hedges that exploit instances in which investors in various layers of a company’s securities have placed different odds on selected corporate outcomes. By applying intra-capital hedges to its investment strategy, Canyon can at times more safely invest in certain corporate outcomes. Structured Finance Investments. Canyon’s approach to structured finance investing is similar to its approach to corporate investing in that a thorough analysis of available information generally is conducted so as to gain an understanding of likely future cash flows. This integrated analysis combines two more focused analyses—the first concerning the performance of the underlying collateral, and the second concerning the nature by which collateral cash flows are to be apportioned between the various securities of a structured finance vehicle. Canyon’s analysis of a structured vehicle’s underlying collateral attributes provides insights into how collateral is likely to respond across a wide range of future scenarios. Canyon combines this asset level information (which usually includes detailed information about individual borrowers and the assets which support each individual loan) with analysis of past performance, compares it with performance of similar collateral in other securitizations, and thereby arrives at a base case trajectory for the structured vehicle’s cash flows. Based upon the creditworthiness of underlying borrowers (as demonstrated by metrics such as loan-to-value, borrower FICO score, existence of additional debt, and loan type) and the volatility of the underlying assets (as influenced by characteristics such as asset type, geography, and loan-to-value), Canyon develops scenarios around this base case that reveal how the structured vehicle’s cash flows could change if various macroeconomic events or policy changes come to pass. The second part of the structured finance analysis also mirrors Canyon’s approach to corporate analysis. Canyon typically examines the various securities within a structured finance vehicle with the goal of identifying the tranche with the optimal risk/reward. A thorough understanding of a security’s rights—and, in particular, its priority on various waterfalls concerning the apportionment of principal repayments and interest payments, and shortfalls and losses due to defaults and loan modifications—can usually reveal the sensitivity of a given security to changes in the timing and magnitude of a securitization’s overall cash flows. By combining these two analyses, Canyon seeks to identify those structured finance securities that exhibit abnormal return potential relative to risk. “Total Return” Approach Canyon takes a “total return” approach to investing, looking carefully at a timeline of potential events that are likely to drive values. While intrinsic “cheapness” is a vital attribute of Canyon’s prospective investments, it is often not in itself sufficient to warrant investment. This is especially true with equities and deeply distressed corporate or structured finance debt securities. Fixed income investors of performing debt securities may rely on contractual coupon payments and principal repayments at maturity, but equity investors realize value when the market recognizes formerly hidden value. As a consequence, equity-like securities with large intrinsic discounts and small probabilities for near-term value-creation catalysts are often less attractive than equity-like securities with very small discounts but with high probabilities for near-term catalysts. Canyon is mindful of this phenomenon and takes care to identify and understand potential value-recognition catalysts. These catalysts usually pertain to company specific matters and may involve re-financings, restructurings, mergers and acquisitions, asset purchases or divestitures, or legal rulings. In other instances, catalysts may be more macroeconomic and involve changes in investors’ perceptions towards certain asset classes due to legislative or regulatory actions, or fiscal or monetary policies. By employing an event-driven, total return approach that includes consideration of holding periods, Canyon believes that it can increase the yield on many of its investments, and discover attractive investments that other value investors may overlook.
Certain Risk Considerations
Below is a summary of certain risks. Clients and/or Fund investors should refer to each Fund’s Offering Memorandum and other relevant documents for additional/supplemental information regarding risk.
General Risks
Possibility of Losses Account values will fluctuate based upon a multitude of factors, including the financial condition, results of operations and prospects of the issuers of the underlying securities acquired, governmental intervention, market conditions, and local, regional, national and global economic conditions. Therefore, Clients and Fund investors could lose all or a portion of their principal invested with Canyon if the trading strategies are not successful. Past Performance Past performance of Client accounts managed by Canyon is not necessarily indicative of future performance. Clients should be aware that the markets in which Canyon operates have been severely disrupted in recent years, so results observed in earlier periods may have little relevance to the results observable in the current environment. Portfolio Concentration Client accounts are not generally limited with respect to the amount of capital that may be committed to any one investment. Unless separately negotiated, no limit will be placed on the concentration of investments to be made in a single industry or geographic area.
Market Disruptions; Governmental Intervention; Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer
Protection Act
The global financial markets have in the past few years gone through pervasive and fundamental disruptions that have led to extensive and unprecedented governmental intervention. Such intervention has in certain cases been implemented on an “emergency” basis, suddenly and substantially eliminating market participants’ ability to continue to implement certain strategies or manage the risk of their outstanding positions. In addition — as one would expect given the complexities of the financial markets and the limited time frame within which governments have felt compelled to take action — these interventions have typically been unclear in scope and application, resulting in confusion and uncertainty which in itself has been materially detrimental to the efficient functioning of the markets as well as previously successful investment strategies. Client accounts may incur major losses in the event of disrupted markets and other extraordinary events in which historical pricing relationships become materially distorted. The risk of loss from pricing distortions is compounded by the fact that in disrupted markets many positions become illiquid, making it difficult or impossible to close out positions against which the markets are moving. The financing available to a Client from its banks, dealers and other counterparties is typically reduced in disrupted markets. Such a reduction may result in substantial losses to the Client. Market disruptions may from time to time cause dramatic losses for Clients, and such events can result in otherwise historically low-risk strategies performing with unprecedented volatility and risk. In response to the financial crises of 2008-2009, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank”) was enacted in July 2010. Dodd-Frank seeks to regulate markets, market participants and financial instruments that previously have been unregulated and substantially alters the regulation of many other markets, market participants and financial instruments. Because many provisions of Dodd-Frank require rulemaking by the applicable regulators before becoming fully effective and Dodd-Frank mandates multiple agency reports and studies (which could result in additional legislative or regulatory action), it is difficult to predict the ultimate impact of Dodd-Frank on the Clients, Canyon, and the markets in which they trade and invest. Dodd-Frank could result in certain investment strategies in which any Client engages or may have otherwise engaged becoming non-viable or non-economic to implement. Dodd-Frank and regulations adopted pursuant to Dodd-Frank could have a material adverse impact on the profit potential of any such Client. Volatility The prices of some of the instruments traded by Canyon have been subject to periods of excessive volatility in the past, and such periods may continue. Price movements are influenced by many unpredictable factors, such as market sentiment, inflation rates, interest rate movements and general economic and political conditions. While volatility can create profit opportunities, it can also create the specific risk that historical or theoretical pricing relationships will be disrupted; causing what should otherwise be comparatively low risk positions to incur significant losses. On the other hand, the lack of volatility can also result in losses for certain positions that profit from price movements. Possible Ineffectiveness of Risk Reduction Techniques Canyon may employ various risk reduction strategies designed to minimize the risk of Clients’ trading positions. A substantial risk remains, nonetheless, that such strategies will not always be possible to implement, and when possible will not always be effective in limiting losses. If Canyon analyzes market conditions incorrectly, or employs a risk reduction strategy that does not correlate well with Client investments, such risk reduction techniques could increase rather than mitigate losses. These risk reduction techniques may also increase volatility and/or result in a loss if the counterparty to the transaction does not perform as promised. Moreover, even though Canyon may employ “stop loss” orders on individual positions, there is no assurance that any such order will be executed at or near the desired “stop loss” level. Leverage Although Canyon has traditionally utilized limited leverage, it may in the future utilize more leverage as part of its investment strategy and process. Leveraging may arise by margin loans on a Client’s securities, through committed lending facilities or through access to the public or private debt markets, as well as through the use of hedging and put/call, long/short investment strategies. If the amount of leverage which a Client may have outstanding at any one time is large in relation to its capital, fluctuations in the market value of the Client’s portfolio will have a disproportionately large effect in relation to its capital and the possibilities for profit and the risk of loss will therefore be increased. Any investment gains (in excess of borrowing costs) made with the additional monies borrowed will generally cause the net asset value of a Client account to rise more rapidly than would otherwise be the case. Conversely, any investment losses with respect to the additional monies borrowed (including the failure by the Client to cover their cost) will generally cause the net asset value of the Client’s portfolio to decline faster than would otherwise be the case. To the extent that Client assets are deposited as margin and therefore not fully paid for, a bankruptcy of a prime broker may expose the Client to loss in that it may only be able to share as an unsecured creditor in that prime broker’s assets. Investments in Restricted Securities Canyon is prevented from buying or selling certain publicly traded securities if Canyon or its affiliates (see Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations section for information about affiliated entities) acquire material, non-public information with respect to such securities. In addition, if such information is acquired with respect to a publicly traded security that a Client already holds, such security will be placed on a “restricted securities list” maintained by Canyon and will not be traded until the material, non-public information becomes public or is no longer material. Accordingly, a Client may be disadvantaged due to its inability to participate in investments that would otherwise be suitable for the Client account or to liquidate existing investments during favorable market conditions. Reliance on Corporate Management and Financial Reporting - Canyon selects investments for Clients in part on the basis of information and data filed by issuers of securities with various government regulators and publicly available or made directly available to the Adviser by such issuers or third parties. Although Canyon will evaluate all such information and data and seek independent corroboration when it considers it appropriate and reasonably available, Canyon may not be in a position to confirm the completeness, genuineness or accuracy of such information and data. Canyon is dependent upon the integrity of the management of such issuers and of such third parties as well as the financial reporting process in general. Recurring instances have demonstrated the material losses that investors such as the Clients can incur as a result of corporate mismanagement, fraud and accounting irregularities.
Investment Risks
Investments made by Canyon Canyon may invest in a broad array of financial instruments. These may include public and private financial instruments of foreign entities, in addition to the general risks associated with investments in financial instruments, may also involve the risks associated with currency fluctuations and various political factors, certain of which are described below. Canyon may also invest in treasury securities and other cash equivalents when attractive opportunities for capital appreciation appear to be limited. Investments in Undervalued Securities The identification of investment opportunities in undervalued securities is a difficult task, and there is no assurance that such opportunities will be successfully recognized or acquired. While investments in undervalued securities offer the opportunities for above-average capital appreciation, these investments involve a high degree of financial risk and can result in substantial losses. Returns generated from the Fund’s investments may not adequately compensate for the business and financial risks assumed. Canyon will make certain investments in securities which it believes to be undervalued. However, there are no assurances that the securities purchased will in fact be undervalued. In addition, Clients may be required to hold such securities for a substantial period of time before realizing their anticipated value. During this period, a portion of a Client’s capital would be committed to the securities purchased, thus possibly preventing the Client from investing in other opportunities. In addition, a Client may finance such purchases with borrowed funds and thus will have to pay interest on such funds during such waiting period. Hedging Transactions Hedging techniques involve one or more of the following risks: (i) imperfect correlation between the performance and value of the instrument and the value of the Client’s securities or other objective of Canyon; (ii) possible lack of a secondary market for closing out a position in such instrument; (iii) losses resulting from interest rate, spread or other market movements not anticipated by Canyon; (iv) the possible obligation to meet additional margin or other payment requirements, all of which could worsen the Client’s position; and (v) default or refusal to perform on the part of the counterparty with which the Client trades. Furthermore, to the extent that any hedging strategy involves the use of over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives transactions, such a strategy would be affected by implementation of the various regulations adopted pursuant to Dodd Frank. In addition, the Client may trigger events of default or termination events under various counterparty agreements due to, among other things, reductions in its net asset value. If the Client is unable to obtain waivers from the relevant counterparties, such counterparties could exercise numerous remedies under the affected agreements, including liquidation of posted collateral and termination of outstanding trades. Canyon will not attempt to hedge all market or other risks inherent in a Client’s positions, and will hedge certain risks, if at all, only partially. Specifically, Canyon may choose not, or may determine that it is economically unattractive, to hedge certain risks — either in respect of particular positions or in respect of the Client’s overall portfolio. The Client’s portfolio composition will commonly result in various directional market risks remaining unhedged. Canyon may rely on diversification to control such risks to the extent that Canyon believes it is desirable to do so; however, the Client is not subject to formal diversification policies other than as expressly set forth in its governing documents. The ability of Canyon to hedge successfully will depend on the ability of Canyon to predict relevant market movements, which cannot be assured. Canyon is not required to hedge and there can be no assurance that hedging transactions will be available or, even if undertaken, will be effective. In addition, it is not possible to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies because the value of those securities is likely to fluctuate as a result of independent factors not related to currency fluctuations. Moreover, it should be noted that Clients will always be exposed to certain risks that cannot be hedged, such as counterparty credit risk. Furthermore, by hedging a particular position, any potential gain from an increase in the value of such position may be limited. Non-Investment Grade Investments Canyon may purchase financial instruments of, or make direct loans to, companies that are not of investment grade. Canyon may purchase loans that are in default or are from issuers in financial distress and may also purchase trade or other claims against credit impaired companies, which generally represent money owed by the company to a supplier of goods and services. Loans or claims purchased by Canyon may not have any maturity and may be secured or unsecured. As with other types of debt instruments, loans and trade claims involve the risk of loss in case of default or insolvency of the borrower, particularly if the borrowing is unsecured. In addition, trade claims may be subject to other defenses such as warranty claims or failure to provide the product or services. Such loans are also less liquid than are the debt instruments of publicly traded companies. Bank Loans and Participations Canyon invests in bank loans and participations. These obligations are subject to unique risks, including: (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a “fraudulent conveyance” under relevant creditors’ rights laws; (ii) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations; and (iv) limitations on the ability of a Client to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations. In analyzing bank loans or participations, Canyon compares the relative significance of the risks against the expected benefits. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and other risks, absent violation of the Standard of Care by Canyon or its affiliates, will be borne by the Client. Clients could experience significant delays in the settlement of certain loan and/or bank debt transactions, particularly in the case of investments that are or become distressed. Until such transactions are settled, the Client is subject to counterparty insolvency risk. Pursuant to certain insolvency laws, a counterparty may have the ability to reject, or terminate an unsettled loan transaction. If a counterparty rejects an unsettled transaction, the Client might lose any increase in value with respect to such loan that accrued while the transaction was unsettled. Canyon also invests in loan participations where it will be subject to certain additional risks as a result of having no direct contractual relationship with the borrower of the underlying loan. In such circumstances, Canyon generally would depend on the lender to enforce a Client’s rights and obligations under the loan arrangements in the event of a default by the borrower on the underlying loan and will generally have no voting rights with respect to the issuer, as such rights are typically retained by the lender. Such investments are subject to the credit risk of the lender (as well as the borrower) since they will depend upon the lender forwarding payments of principal and interest received on the underlying loan. There can be no assurance that the lender will not default on its obligations under such arrangements, resulting in substantial losses to the Client. From time to time, Canyon may cause a Client to acquire certain assets through participation and sub- participation arrangements with unaffiliated third parties. Such arrangements may expose the Client to additional credit risk compared to acquiring the asset directly because, in addition to the underlying credit risk of the asset, the Client is exposed to the risk of the direct participant defaulting on its obligations to the Client under the participation or sub-participation arrangement. Prepayment Risk The frequency at which prepayments (including voluntary prepayments by the obligors and liquidations due to default and foreclosures) occur on loans and other debt underlying certain Client investments will be affected by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the prevailing level of interest rates as well as economic, demographic, tax, social, legal and other factors. In general, “premium” financial instruments (i.e., financial instruments whose market values exceed their principal or par amounts) are adversely affected by faster than anticipated prepayments, and “discount” financial instruments (i.e., financial instruments whose principal or par amounts exceed their market values) are adversely affected by slower than anticipated prepayments. Since Client investments may include discount financial instruments when interest rates are high, and may include premium financial instruments when interest rates are low, such investments may be adversely affected by prepayments in any interest rate environment. Corporate Debt Obligations and High-Yield Securities Canyon invests in corporate debt obligations and high-yield securities. The market value of debt securities generally tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, increase as interest rates decline. Debt obligations are subject to the risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligations, i.e., credit risk. “High yield” bonds and securities, which are rated in the lower rating categories by the various credit rating agencies, are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher-rated securities and are generally considered to be speculative. They are also generally considered to be subject to greater risk than securities with higher ratings because the yields and prices of such securities tend to fluctuate more than those for higher-rated instruments and the market for lower-rated securities is less liquid and less active. Correlation Risk A Client will tend to have a bias toward investments in which Canyon believes prices should ultimately hinge more on discrete, credit-specific events than the direction of the broader markets. However, in certain market environments (particularly those characterized by widespread perceptions of systemic risk), risk asset prices can display abnormal levels of correlation. The Client’s returns could be adversely affected in scenarios like this, in which fundamental valuation metrics tend to be overwhelmed by other factors. Risk Arbitrage Special risks are associated with the use of risk arbitrage, or “merger arbitrage,” techniques. In addition to general risks of market behavior and currency fluctuations, merger arbitrage is subject to “deal risk” – the risk of non-consummation of the transaction. A number of factors could lead to deal collapse or delay, such as either party’s inability to satisfy conditions to closing, failure to obtain shareholder approval, failure to meet regulatory or antitrust requirements, failure to obtain required financing, or other events that may change the target’s or the acquirer’s willingness to consummate the transaction. Leverage of Portfolio Companies Canyon investments include securities of companies with leveraged capital structures, which could be subject to increased exposure to adverse economic factors such as an increase in interest rates, a downturn in the economy or further deterioration in the economic conditions of such company or its industry. Similarly, Canyon may invest in entities that are unable to generate sufficient cash flow to meet principal and interest payments on their indebtedness. Accordingly, the value of a Client’s investment in such an entity could be significantly reduced or even eliminated due to further credit deterioration. Non-Performing Nature of Loans It is possible that certain of the loans purchased by Canyon may be non-performing and possibly in default. Furthermore, the obligor and/or relevant guarantor may also be in bankruptcy or liquidation. There can be no assurance as to the amount and timing of payments, if any, with respect to the loans. Nature of Bankruptcy Proceedings There are a number of significant risks when investing in companies involved, or which may have been involved, in bankruptcy proceedings, including the following: First, many events in a bankruptcy are the product of contested matters and adversary proceedings which are beyond the control of the creditors. Second, a bankruptcy filing may have adverse and permanent effects on a company. For instance, the company may lose its market position and key employees and otherwise become incapable of restoring itself as a viable entity. Further, if the proceeding is converted to a liquidation, the liquidation value of the company may not equal the liquidation value that was believed to exist at the time of the investment. Third, the duration of a bankruptcy proceeding is difficult to predict. A creditor’s return on investment can be impacted adversely by delays while the plan of reorganization is being negotiated, approved by the creditors and confirmed by the bankruptcy court, and until it ultimately becomes effective. Fourth, certain claims, such as claims for taxes, wages and certain trade claims, may have priority by law over the claims of certain creditors. Fifth, the administrative costs in connection with a bankruptcy proceeding are frequently high and will be paid out of the debtor’s estate prior to any return to creditors. Sixth, investments in troubled companies may also be adversely affected by U.S. federal and state laws relating to, among other things, fraudulent conveyances, voidable preferences, lender liability, alter ego, veil-piercing, or “domination and control” theories of liability, and a bankruptcy court’s discretionary power to disallow, subordinate, recharacterize or disenfranchise particular claims. Seventh, investors in the company may be subject to a court-imposed “cram down” in which they lose their seniority in the capital and security interest structure. Eighth, Canyon may seek representation on creditors’ committees and as a member of a creditors’ committee it may owe certain obligations generally to all creditors similarly situated that the committee represents and may be exposed to liability to such other creditors who disagree with Canyon’s actions. There can be no assurance that Canyon would be successful in obtaining results most favorable to its Clients in such proceedings, although Clients may incur significant legal fees and other expenses in attempting to do so. Canyon could also be subject to various trading or confidentiality restrictions. In addition, Canyon may potentially hold conflicting positions in relation to investments in companies involved in bankruptcy proceedings among its Clients. Finally, changes in bankruptcy laws (including U.S. federal laws and applicable non-U.S. laws) may adversely impact its Clients’ investments. Investment in the debt of financially distressed companies domiciled outside the United States involves additional risks. Bankruptcy law and process may differ substantially from that in the United States, resulting in greater uncertainty as to the rights of creditors, the enforceability of such rights, reorganization timing, and the classification, seniority and treatment of claims. Short Sales From time to time, Canyon makes short sales in any type of securities for profit in anticipation of a change in the market price of a financial instrument or as a hedge against other positions held by a Client. Short sales that are not made “against the box” and are not part of a hedging transaction create opportunities to increase return but, at the same time, are speculative and involve special risk considerations. Since the seller in effect profits from a decline in the price of the securities sold short without the need to invest the full purchase price of the securities on the date of the short sale, returns tend to increase more when the securities sold short decrease in value, and to decrease more when the securities sold short increase in value, than would otherwise be the case if the seller had not engaged in such short sales. Short sales theoretically involve unlimited loss potential, as the market price of securities sold short may continuously increase, although Canyon may mitigate such losses by replacing the securities sold short before the market price has increased significantly. Under adverse market conditions, Canyon might have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor such sales. Illiquid Assets Some of a Client’s positions (which may represent a substantial portion of its portfolio) may be or become relatively or entirely illiquid or may cease to be traded after it invests. In such cases, and in the event of extreme market volatility, the Client may not be able to liquidate its positions promptly if the need should arise. In addition, the Client’s sales of some securities could depress the market value of such securities and thereby reduce the Client’s profitability or increase its losses. A Fund’s holding of Designated Investments may adversely affect the ability of its investors to receive redemption proceeds. Currency and Foreign Risks Canyon, from time to time, invests in non-dollar denominated debt instruments or in securities of companies domiciled or operating outside of the United States. While this is not expected to be a significant portion of Canyon’s activities, investing in these securities involves considerations and possible risks not typically involved in investing in securities of companies domiciled and operating in the United States, including instability of some governments, capital controls, the possibility of expropriation, limitations on the use or removal of funds or other assets, changes in governmental administration or economic or monetary policy (in the United States or abroad) or changed circumstances in dealings between nations. The application of tax laws applicable outside the United States (e.g., the imposition of withholding taxes on interest and dividend payments, income taxes and excise taxes) or confiscatory taxation may also affect Canyon’s investments. Moreover, less information may be publicly available concerning certain of the foreign issuers of securities held by Clients than is available concerning United States companies. Clients may incur higher expenses with respect to investments made outside the United States compared to investing in United States securities because of the costs incurred in connection with conversions between various currencies and the fact that brokerage commissions outside the United States may be higher than commissions in the United States. Non-United States markets also may be less liquid, more volatile and less subject to governmental supervision than in the United States. Canyon’s investments could be adversely affected by other factors not present in the United States, including lack of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. Many of the laws that govern private and foreign investment, securities transactions, creditors’ rights and other contractual relationships in developing countries may be recently developed and largely untested. As a result, Canyon may be subject to a number of unusual risks, including inadequate investor protection, contradictory legislation, incomplete, unclear and changing laws, unknowing breaches of regulations on the part of other market participants, lack of established or effective avenues for legal redress, lack of standard practices and confidentiality customs characteristic of developed markets, and lack of enforcement of existing regulations. This difficulty in protecting and enforcing rights may have an adverse effect on Canyon and its operations. Furthermore, it may be difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment in a court outside of the United States. Regulatory controls and corporate governance of companies in developing countries may confer little protection on investors. For example, bankruptcy law, anti-fraud and anti-insider trading legislation, and the concept of fiduciary duty, may be less developed or limited compared to those in more developed markets.
Contrarian Investing Canyon believes the price of certain securities may become depressed to the point that the Adviser believes that such securities have lower downside risk than other investors may perceive (i.e., an investment will generally be made only if it is believed that the current market price is less than the intrinsic value of the security, based on assumptions as to asset values, total liabilities or claims, timing and the rate of return on the investment). Because of the substantial uncertainty concerning the outcome of transactions involving financially troubled companies undergoing fundamental changes, there is always the potential risk of a substantial loss. Emerging Markets Canyon may trade in emerging markets. These markets tend to be inefficient and illiquid as well as subject to political and other factors which do not typically affect more developed economies. Clients may sustain losses as a result of market inefficiencies or interference in emerging markets which would not take place in more developed markets. Mortgage Loans and Mortgage-Backed Securities Canyon invests in residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), and pools of residential and commercial mortgage loans which may be purchased directly or indirectly through the acquisition of securitization interests. These investments may include mortgage loans of various types (including Alt-A, subprime and pay-option adjustable rate mortgage loans, in addition to traditional first-lien mortgage loans) and may be performing or non-performing. Mortgage loans are subject to certain specific risks, and the pools of mortgage loans underlying RMBS and CMBS are subject to all of the special risks associated with such mortgage loans, including those described below. Further, investing in certain mortgage loans, RMBS and CMBS involves the general risks typically associated with investing in traditional fixed-income securities (including interest rate and credit risk), and certain additional risks and special considerations, including the risks of principal prepayment and defaults, as well as the risk of investing in real estate. Mortgage-backed securities (other than the residential agency mortgage-backed securities) are generally not guaranteed or insured by any governmental agency or instrumentality or by any other person. Distributions on mortgage-backed securities depend solely upon the amount and timing of payments and other collections on the related underlying mortgage loans. Mortgage-backed securities generally provide for the payment of interest and principal on a regular basis, and there also exists the possibility, particularly with respect to residential mortgage-backed securities, that principal may be prepaid at any time. Different types of mortgage-backed securities are subject to varying degrees of prepayment risk. The rate of principal payments on mortgage loans is influenced by a wide variety of economic, geographic, social and other factors, including general economic conditions, the level of prevailing interest rates, the availability of alternative financing and homeowner mobility. As a result of prepayments, Canyon may reinvest assets at an inopportune time, which may expose the Client to a lower rate of return. Further, the rate of prepayments on underlying mortgage loans affects the price and volatility of a mortgage-backed security, and may have the effect of shortening or extending the effective average life beyond what was anticipated. The risks of investing in mortgage loans reflect the risks of investing in real estate securing the mortgage loans (as the risks of investing in RMBS and CMBS reflect the risks of investing in real estate securing the loans included in the applicable securitization). Such risks include the effect of local and other economic conditions, the possibility of changes in the structure or effectiveness of the government sponsored enterprises, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, the ability of tenants/home owners to make payments, and the ability to attract and retain buyers or tenants. Increasing rates of delinquencies, foreclosures and other losses on mortgage loans could, in turn, adversely affect certain other securities in which the Clients may invest. Mortgage Market Disruptions in General Widespread defaults on mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities have in the past led to market turmoil and resulted in price volatility and ratings downgrades. In addition to risks associated with attempting to predict default and recovery rates on mortgage loans, including those underlying mortgage- backed securities acquired by the Client, the creditworthiness and viability of the servicers of such mortgage loans are also significant risks. Illiquidity and unpredictability in these markets can make it difficult to determine whether such servicers have sufficient capital and adequate staffing levels to fulfill their servicing obligations and the extent to which such servicers are subject to regulatory risks and risk of error. A credit or regulatory event at, or other failure by, a servicer could result in losses to the Client. Certain Risks Associated with Investments in Residential Mortgage Loans and RMBS Market Disruptions and Distress. The residential mortgage market in the United States and elsewhere has, at certain times, experienced disruption and instability. Such disruptions may occur even during periods of broader economic recovery. Declines in the value of mortgaged properties may result in increases in delinquencies and losses on residential mortgage loans generally. Residential mortgage loans (including the mortgage loans underlying an issue of RMBS) held by the Client are likely to include “non-traditional” mortgage loans, such as adjustable rate mortgage loans (or “ARMs”) – i.e., mortgage loans that offer relatively low monthly payments during the initial years of the loan that increase (often significantly) in later years – or mortgage loans that require large “balloon” payments at specified times (unlike traditional, “self-amortizing” mortgage loans). Many borrowers enter into non- traditional mortgage loans with the hope that they will be able to refinance, or resell the underlying property, before the increased interest payments or balloon payments become due. Stress in the real estate markets, including declines in housing prices may, however, make these refinancings or resales commercially infeasible or impossible. This, in turn, may contribute to higher delinquency rates and losses on mortgage loans (and mortgage loans underlying RMBS) held by the Client, which would adversely affect the Client’s performance. Under current market conditions, it is likely that many of the residential mortgage loans purchased by the Client will have loan-to-value ratios in excess of 100%, meaning that the amount owed on the mortgage loan exceeds the value of the underlying real property. Further, the borrowers on these mortgage loans may be in economic distress and/or may have become unemployed, bankrupt or otherwise unable or unwilling to make payments when due. Even though it is anticipated that the Client will pay less than the amount owed on these mortgage loans to acquire them, if actual results are different from the Client’s assumptions in determining the price for these mortgage loans, then the Client may incur significant losses. . Moreover, the value of the underlying homes securing these mortgage loans could decrease or/and the likelihood of borrowers defaulting on their mortgage obligation could go up due to general economic conditions such as a downturn in the U.S. economy or increased unemployment levels. Any such decrease could adversely affect the value of the Client’s investments. Loss Mitigation and Foreclosure. Mortgage loans purchased by the Client, in many cases, will require loss mitigation strategies and related workout tools which may entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the interest rate and a substantial write-down of the principal of such mortgage loan. However, even after a successful modification of a mortgage loan, a risk exists that replacement “take-out” financing will not be available upon maturity. It is possible that the Client may find it necessary or desirable to foreclose on real estate securing one or more mortgage loans purchased by the Client. Certain mortgage loans are non-recourse to the borrower. Thus with respect to such loans, if net amounts received through the foreclosure process are less than the amount owed to the Client with respect to a particular loan, then the Client will not be able to collect such deficiency and would suffer a loss. The foreclosure process can be lengthy and expensive. Borrowers often resist foreclosure actions by asserting numerous claims, counterclaims and defenses against the mortgage loan holder, including lender liability claims and defenses, even when such assertions have no basis in fact, in an effort to prolong the foreclosure process. In some states, foreclosure actions can take several years or more to conclude and, in some cases, must be restarted if foreclosure protocols (which vary from state to state) have not been properly followed. Further, the borrower may file for bankruptcy at any time during foreclosure proceedings, thereby staying the foreclosure action and further delaying the process. Foreclosure litigation has the potential to create a negative public image of the mortgage loan holder (or, in some cases, the underlying real property, which in turn may result in disrupting ongoing leasing and management activities). Several cities are exploring the use of eminent domain to acquire defaulted residential mortgage loans as a means to forestall the foreclosure process. Any successful use of eminent domain may cause the Client to dispose of such property at a value substantially lower than that previously ascribed to such asset. At any one time, the Client’s mortgage loans and RMBS portfolio may include or be backed by residential mortgage loans with disproportionately large aggregate principal amounts secured by properties located in only a few states or geographic regions. As a result, such mortgage loans and RMBS may be more susceptible to special risks associated with particular states or regions, such as natural hazards (including earthquakes, floods, destructive weather or other natural disasters), as well as adverse local economic conditions, than would be the case for mortgage loans having more diverse property locations. In connection with the disposition of mortgage loans, the Client may be required to make representations about the mortgage loans, including with respect to matters that the Client may be unable to diligence. Such transactions may also require the Client to indemnify the purchaser to the extent that any such representations turned out to be incorrect, incomplete or misleading. These arrangements may result in contingent liabilities, which ultimately may be paid by the Client. Applicable Law and Regulations. State and federal laws, public policy and general principles of equity relating to the protection of consumers, abusive debt collection practices, and unfair, discriminatory and deceptive practices generally may apply to the origination, servicing and collection of the Client’s residential mortgage loans and residential mortgage loans backing the Client’s RMBS. Violations of these laws, policies and principles (including violations that occurred period to the Client’s ownership of the relevant asset) may limit the ability of the Client (or, as applicable, the issuer of RMBS) to collect all or part of the principal of or interest on the mortgage loans, may entitle a borrower to a refund of amounts previously paid, and could subject the owner of a mortgage loan to damages and administrative enforcement. Numerous laws, regulations and rules related to the servicing of mortgage loans, including in respect of foreclosure actions, have been enacted and/or proposed by federal, state and local governmental authorities, including the newly formed Consumer Finance Protection Bureau created under the Reform Act. Such laws, regulations and rules may delay foreclosure processes, reduce payments by borrowers or increase reimbursable servicing expenses, which in turn would likely result in delays and reductions in the distributions to be made to the Client as the owners of residential mortgage loans or as an investor in RMBS and/or collateralized debt obligations backed by RMBS. In addition, the rate of foreclosures of properties backing subprime loans in certain states may prompt legislators, regulators and attorneys general in those states to try to prevent certain foreclosures and bring lawsuits against participants in the financing of subprime loans in their states, including issuers of RMBS backed by such loans and investors in those RMBS, including the Client. The Client and other similarly-situated investors will bear the risk that future regulatory developments will result in losses on their investments, whether due to delayed or reduced distributions or reduced market value. Risks Associated with Servicers and Third Party Service Providers. Mortgage loans owned by the Client are serviced by one or more third party servicers. As mentioned directly above, mortgage servicers are subject to numerous laws, regulations and rules. The Client may not be able to successfully detect and prevent violations of such laws or, more generally, fraud or incompetence by such third parties, which could expose the Client to material liability. Terminating a mortgage servicer is a cumbersome process, which could result in delays in realizing the Client’s investment strategies, thereby adversely affecting returns. Whether relating to the Client’s investments in mortgage loans or RMBS, the relevant servicer generally is required to make advances in respect of delinquent mortgage loans. However, servicers experiencing financial difficulties may not be able to perform these obligations. Servicers who have sought bankruptcy protection may, due to application of the provisions of bankruptcy law, not be required to advance such amounts. Even if a servicer were able to advance amounts in respect of delinquent mortgage loans, its obligation to make such advances may be limited to the extent that it does not expect to recover such advances due to the deteriorating credit of the delinquent mortgage loans. In addition, a servicer’s obligation to make such advances may be limited to the amount of its servicing fee. A number of originators and servicers of mortgage loans have experienced serious financial difficulties and, in some cases, have entered bankruptcy proceedings. These difficulties have resulted in part from declining markets for their mortgage loans as well as from claims for repurchases of mortgage loans previously sold under provisions that require repurchase in the event of early payment defaults or for breaches of representations regarding loan quality. Delinquencies and losses on, and, in some cases, claims for repurchase by the originator of, mortgage loans originated by some mortgage lenders have been asserted based on claims of inadequate underwriting procedures and policies, including inadequate due diligence, failure to comply with predatory and other lending laws and, particularly in the case of any “low documentation” or “limited documentation” mortgage loans, including loans that may support RMBS, and inadequate verification of income and employment history. Delinquencies and losses on, and claims for repurchase of, mortgage loans originated by some mortgage lenders have also resulted from fraudulent activities of borrowers, lenders and appraisers including misstatements of income and employment history, identity theft and overstatements of the appraised value of mortgaged properties. Such financial difficulties may have a negative effect on the ability of servicers to pursue collection on mortgage loans that are experiencing delinquencies and defaults and to maximize recoveries on sale of underlying properties following foreclosure. The inability of the originator to repurchase such mortgage loans in the event of payment defaults and other loan representation breaches may also affect the performance of RMBS backed by those mortgage loans. Additional third parties will be retained to provide services in respect of the Client’s mortgage loan investments, which services may include those relating to evaluating loss mitigation strategies, assisting with valuation of underlying properties, assisting with foreclosures or general management of the loans. The Client’s investments could be negatively affected by the actions taken, or advice given, by such third parties. Certain Risks Associated with Investments in CMBS The underlying commercial mortgage loans in an issue of CMBS held by the Client will be backed by obligations (including participation interests in obligations) that are principally secured by mortgage loans on real property (or interests therein) having a multifamily or commercial use, including regional malls or other retail space, office buildings, industrial or warehouse properties, hotels, apartments, cooperatives, nursing homes and senior living centers. Commercial mortgage loans are generally nonrecourse loans, lack standardized terms, tend to have shorter maturities than residential mortgage loans and may provide for the payment of all or substantially all of the principal only at maturity. Commercial properties also tend to be unique and are more difficult to value than single-family residential properties. The types of property securing commercial mortgage loans, and the ways that those properties are used, can also create special risks. For instance, commercial properties that operate as hospitals and nursing homes may present special risks to lenders due to the significant governmental regulation of the ownership, operation, maintenance and financing of health care institutions. Hotel and motel properties are often operated pursuant to franchise, management or operating agreements which may be terminable by the franchisor or operator, and may be subject to complex local licensing requirements. The repayment of loans secured by income-producing commercial properties is typically dependent on the successful operation of those properties rather than upon the liquidation value of the underlying real estate or the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. The net operating income from commercial properties is subject to volatility, however, and may not be sufficient to cover debt service on the related mortgage loan at any given time. Furthermore, the net operating income from, and value of, any commercial property may be adversely affected by risks generally incidental to interests in real property, including events that the borrower or manager of the property, or the issuer or servicer of the related issuance of CMBS, may be unable to predict or control, such as changes in general or local economic conditions and specific industry segments; declines in real estate values; declines in rental or occupancy rates; increases in interest rates, real estate tax rates and other operating expenses; changes in governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies; natural disasters; acts of war; acts of terrorism; and social unrest and civil disturbances. The value of commercial real estate is also subject to a number of laws, such as laws regarding environmental clean-up and limitations on remedies imposed by bankruptcy laws and state laws regarding foreclosures and rights of redemption. Mortgage loans underlying a CMBS issue may lack regular amortization of principal, resulting in a single “balloon” payment due at maturity. If the underlying mortgage borrower experiences business problems, or other factors limit refinancing alternatives, these balloon payment mortgage loans are likely to experience payment delays or even default. In addition, the mortgage loans underlying a CMBS issue may lack diversification and may relate to a single loan or a limited number of loans. Interest Rate Fluctuations The prices of portfolio investments can be sensitive to interest rate fluctuations, and unexpected fluctuations in interest rates could cause the corresponding prices of a position to move in directions which were not initially anticipated. In addition, interest rate increases will generally increase the interest carrying costs to a Client of borrowed securities and leveraged investments. No Limitations on Strategies There are generally no material limitations on the investment strategies which Canyon may use when investing assets on behalf of its Clients. Canyon will opportunistically implement whatever strategies or discretionary approaches it believes from time to time may be best suited to prevailing market conditions. For some of these strategies, no specific “risk factors” are provided. Nevertheless, such strategies should be considered to be speculative, volatile and, in general, no less risky than other strategies more fully described herein. Over time, the strategies implemented on behalf of a Client can be expected to expand, evolve and change, perhaps materially. Canyon will not generally be required to implement any particular strategies and may discontinue employing any particular strategy on behalf of a Client, whether or not such strategies are specifically described herein, and without notice to Clients or Fund investors. There can be no assurance that the various investment strategies which Canyon expects from time to time to develop and im please register to get more info
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to a Client’s, prospective client’s, Fund investor’s or prospective Fund investor’s evaluation of Canyon’s advisory business or the integrity of Canyon’s management. please register to get more info
Broker-Dealer and Registered Representatives CP Investments LLC (“CP Investments”) is a registered broker-dealer and member of FINRA and is an affiliate of Canyon. Canyon’s principals are also principals and registered representatives of CP Investments. Certain Canyon employees are also registered representatives of CP Investments. CP Investments acts as placement agent for certain of the Funds. CP Investments is not compensated by a Fund for acting as placement agent (although it is being indemnified by such Fund to the same extent and subject to the same standards as Canyon). CP Investments will not act as a broker for or an agent of any Fund investor and its activities on behalf of a Fund should not be construed as a recommendation to purchase interests in any such Funds, as CP Investments makes no such recommendations. Canyon and/or Clients will not otherwise use the services of or pay sales commissions to CP Investments. Related Investment Advisers Canyon Partners Real Estate LLC (“CPRE”), an affiliate of Canyon, is a registered investment adviser that is ultimately controlled and managed by the same principals that control and manage Canyon. CPRE focuses on investments involving commercial real estate and mortgage assets. CPRE has a number of real estate-related investment platforms, including separate accounts and commingled funds which specialize in providing senior mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity and joint-venture equity for commercial real estate located in primarily urban markets across the United States. Messrs. Friedman and Julis share responsibility for serving on CPRE’s investment committee. While the clients of CPRE have different investment objectives than the clients of Canyon, a conflict of interest in rendering advice to Canyon’s clients may arise because the benefits realized by the principals from managing CPRE’s clients’ accounts in certain circumstances may exceed the benefit from managing Canyon’s clients’ accounts and, therefore, may provide an incentive to favor such other accounts. The principals of CPRE and Canyon will not enter into transactions in which they knowingly and deliberately favor themselves or another client over the clients of Canyon; however, the principals have considerable discretion to trade for other accounts, and intend to do so to a significant extent. In addition, the principals of Canyon may, from time to time, cause securities purchased on behalf of Canyon’s clients and CPRE’s clients to be held in the name of a nominee affiliate in trust on behalf of Canyon’s clients and CPRE’s clients. Such nominee holdings will be undertaken when the size of the investment, the nature of the co-investment or other considerations relating to the transaction militate in favor of holding the securities in the name of one person rather than subdividing the securities among Canyon’s and the other related purchasers. In addition, Canyon’s clients and clients of CPRE share, on a fair and equitable basis, in the legal fees and other expenses that CPRE and Canyon incur in investigating and negotiating potential transactions for their clients, whether or not such transactions are consummated. AECOM-Canyon Partners Real Estate Fund Advisors LLC (“AECOM-Canyon”), an affiliate of Canyon, is a registered investment adviser that is a joint venture between AECOM Capital Real Estate, LLC and CPRE. AECOM-Canyon focuses on capital appreciation primarily by investing in co-general partner equity opportunities in development and value-add commercial real estate projects located in the top ~25 markets across the United States.
ICE Canyon LLC (“ICE”), an affiliate of Canyon, is a registered investment adviser that is 50% owned by Canyon. The remaining 50% is owned by Range Capital LP. ICE generally focuses on emerging market debt. While the clients of ICE have different investment objectives than the clients of Canyon, a conflict of interest in rendering advice to Canyon’s clients may arise because the benefits realized by the principals from managing ICE’s clients’ accounts in certain circumstances may exceed the benefit from managing Canyon’s clients’ accounts and, therefore, may provide an incentive to favor such other accounts. The principals of ICE and Canyon will not enter into transactions in which they knowingly and deliberately favor themselves or another client over the clients of Canyon; however, the principals have considerable discretion to trade for other accounts, and intend to do so to a significant extent. River Canyon Fund Management LLC (“River Canyon”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Canyon, is a registered investment adviser that is ultimately controlled and managed by the same principals that control and manage Canyon. While River Canyon currently provides discretionary advisory and subadvisory services to registered investment companies, it may also do so for private funds and separately managed accounts. Canyon Capital Advisors (Europe) Ltd. (“CCA EU”) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Canyon. CCA EU is registered with the Financial Conduct Authority. CCA EU provides research related services to Canyon. Canyon CLO Advisors LLC (“CLO Advisors”) is a subsidiary of Canyon that was formed and registered with the SEC as an investment adviser in July 2015. It is ultimately controlled and managed by the same principals that control and manage Canyon. CLO Advisors acts as collateral manager, sponsor and originator to collateralized loan obligations. Other Entities Sponsored by Canyon and its Affiliates Canyon and its affiliates (including CPRE, AECOM-Canyon, ICE, CLO Advisors and River Canyon) currently sponsor a number of private investment vehicles, partnerships, and companies and act as the investment adviser to managed accounts, and trade on behalf of themselves and their affiliates, which may create certain conflicts of interest among Canyon and its Clients. Canyon may also have a conflict of interest in rendering advice to multiple Clients because the benefit from managing one Client account may exceed the benefit of managing another Client account(s) and, therefore, may provide an incentive to favor such other account(s). Moreover, if Canyon makes investment decisions for multiple accounts at or about the same time it makes decisions for other Client accounts, Clients may be competing for the same or similar positions. Canyon also must take into account the varying investment objectives and limitations, tax considerations, available cash, investment horizons and other factors which may affect its Clients. There can be no assurance that a single Client will receive as large an allocation in respect of limited investment opportunities as it might otherwise have absent these considerations. Please see Brokerage Practices – Allocation of Investment Opportunities which discusses Canyon’s allocation policy. Canyon is not obligated by contract to buy, sell or recommend for one Client any security or other investment that may be bought, sold or recommended for other Clients or for Canyon’s own or related persons’ account, but Canyon will endeavor to fairly allocate the investment opportunity or dispose of the investment in the event of an actual conflict. Canyon will not enter into transactions in which it knowingly and deliberately favors itself or a single Client over another Client; however, the Adviser is given considerable discretion to trade for other accounts, and intends to do so to a significant extent. In order to take advantage of diversification and new investment strategies and concepts, Canyon, from time to time, places a portion of a Fund’s investable assets in accounts managed by or co-managed with other investment advisors, in which case such Fund may be subject to additional fees payable to such other investment advisor as well as its proportionate share of costs and expenses. Canyon also may place a portion of a Fund’s investable assets in other Canyon Funds, in which case such Fund shall not be subject to any additional management or incentive fees but will bear its proportionate share of costs and expenses. The amounts which may be invested into other managed accounts or in Canyon affiliated investment funds are not expected to be significant. To the extent permitted by the applicable governing documents for the Funds, Canyon could, in its sole and absolute discretion, agree to waive or modify the application of any provision of the offering terms of any Fund with respect to any investor, by side letter or otherwise, without obtaining the consent of any other investor. Such side letters may provide for the following modified terms: (i) various notification requirements (e.g., upon substantial redemptions by other investors, legal or regulatory actions, or the receipt of any soft dollar commissions outside of the safe harbor provided in Section 28(e) of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)); (ii) limitations on a Fund’s ability to distribute securities in kind upon a redemption request; (iii) the provision of audited financial statements within certain periods of time; (iv) special redemption rights for key men changes and net asset value reductions; (v) the provision of information relating to a Fund’s portfolio holdings (subject to non- disclosure agreements and other confidentiality considerations); (vi) reduced fees or fee rebates; (vii) minor investment restrictions that do not materially affect a Fund; (viii) the provision of periodic pricing information; (ix) the waiver or modification of redemption restrictions (such as redemption fees, lock-up provisions or affiliated transfers), required redemption terms or notice requirements; or (x) provisions necessary to accommodate a particular investor’s legal, tax, sovereign or regulatory status, accounting considerations, contractual obligations, or internal guidelines or policies. In certain cases, Canyon discloses from time to time, portfolio holdings of a Fund to entities that evaluate portfolio risk for investors and to certain investors that have unique regulatory and/or risk reporting obligations. Canyon will provide this information to such entities as it chooses and may refuse to provide this information to any such entity at any time. Every effort is made to bind the recipients of this information to maintain the confidential nature of this information, including entering into non-disclosure agreements prior to providing this information to them. However, there can be no assurance that these entities will fulfill their confidentiality obligations to Canyon. In addition, investors, in the course of conducting due diligence, may request information pertaining to their investments in a Fund (either verbally or in writing), including information that is not generally made available to all investors of such Fund. Canyon responds from time to time to such requests without providing relevant information to all other investors. Canyon generally is available to receive reasonable information requests from investors concerning their investments in a Fund. However, Canyon reserves the right to determine what information is appropriate to provide in response to inquiries from investors in a Fund. please register to get more info
Personal Trading
Canyon has adopted a Code of Ethics (“Code”) that sets forth standards of conduct expected of employees and addresses potential conflicts that can arise from personal trading by employees. Canyon has designated every employee, with certain very limited exceptions, as an access person for purposes of its Personal Trading Policy. As such, employees of Canyon are covered by the Personal Trading Policy. Under the Personal Trading Policy, employees must periodically report their personal securities transactions and holdings to the Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) and Canyon must review these reports. To this end, employees must arrange for Canyon to receive the employee’s investment account statements, which contain information regarding securities transactions in the accounts of the employee. In addition, employees must obtain written or electronic approval before making certain types of investments. Canyon’s Personal Trading Policy is governed by two overriding principles. First, client trades are always processed first. Second, Canyon and its employees must manage both real conflicts and the appearance of conflicts. If an employee doubts the propriety of any personal trade, such doubt is resolved in favor of not trading. The Code also contains policies involving the safeguarding of proprietary and non-public information by Canyon personnel along with restrictions on the use of material, non-public information and the use of non-public information regarding a Client. Any issues that arise under the Personal Trading Policy must be reported to Canyon’s CCO and senior management immediately. Clients can obtain a copy of our Code of Ethics, which includes the Personal Trading Policy, free of charge, from our CCO upon request (Doug Anderson (310) 272 1360)). Interest in Client Investments Canyon, its principals, employees and affiliates may trade securities for their own accounts. The records of such trading will not be made available to Clients. It is possible that principals, officers or employees of the Adviser buys or sells securities or other instruments that the Adviser has recommended to Clients and engages in transactions for their own accounts in a manner that is inconsistent with the Adviser’s recommendations to a Client. Personal securities transactions by employees may raise potential conflicts of interest when such persons trade in a security that is owned by, or considered for purchase or sale for, a Client. As described above, the Adviser has adopted policies and procedures designed to detect and prevent such conflicts of interest and, when they do arise, to ensure that it effects transactions for clients in a manner that is consistent with its fiduciary duty to its clients and in accordance with applicable law. In compliance with the Adviser’s Code of Ethics, transactions in certain securities described therein are required to be pre- cleared to allow for a review for any potential conflict of interest or insider trading. Employees of the Adviser are required to report personal securities transactions either electronically or via a monthly (or as generated, e.g. quarterly) duplicate statement sent directly from the corresponding brokerage firm. The Investment Adviser as Principal The Adviser does not act as principal, either buying securities for itself or its affiliates from a Client or selling securities it or its affiliates own to a Client. However, in the event that the Adviser decides to engage in any such principal transaction in the future, it will comply with the requirements of Section 206(3) of the Advisers Act and Section 25235(c) of the California Corporate Code by: (i) disclosing to the Client in writing the material terms of the transaction; and (ii) obtaining the written consent of the Client for such transaction. The Adviser will include in such disclosure: (1) its capacity as principal; (2) the cost to the Adviser of the security, in the case of a sale to a Client, or the price of the security in a resale, in the case of a purchase from a Client; and (3) the best price at which the transaction could be effected by or for the Client elsewhere if such price is more advantageous to the Client than the purchase or sale with the Adviser. Canyon does not anticipate engaging in such transactions when the Adviser may make a trading profit. Gifts and Business Entertainment In the normal course of business, Canyon and its officers and employees provide and/or receive gifts or business entertainment to/from certain individuals and/or entities such as clients, investors, vendors, consultants, and service providers. Any such gift or business entertainment is not premised upon any specific client referral or any expectation of any other type of benefit to Canyon. Canyon has adopted formal policies and procedures requiring preapproval and recordkeeping of certain gifts and business entertainment. Political Contributions Canyon and its principals and employees also make political contributions from time to time to persons who may serve or seek to serve in elected capacities with certain public entities. Any such political contributions are permitted only to the extent such contributions are in accordance with Canyon’s policies and procedures regarding political contributions and do not violate the SEC’s rule prohibiting pay-to-play activities adopted under Rule 206(4)-5. Co-investment with Affiliates It is contemplated that Clients may “co-invest” with the Adviser and/or principals of the Adviser in respect of certain investment opportunities, and certain of a Client’s arbitrage and hedging activities may be conducted through an investment in a Fund. Any such co-investments will be on the same terms as made available to Clients, and no additional fees will be incurred by virtue of such investments. On occasion, a Fund could acquire debt or equity interests in projects financed by other entities managed by affiliates of the Adviser. In addition, a Fund could loan to or invest in entities in which other Clients of the Adviser are investors or lenders, either in similar investment positions or in different positions in the capital structure with different risk and return parameters. A Client may enter into transactions originated by, or issuers otherwise affiliated with, service providers to a Fund and their affiliates. In such event, disputes may arise between the two entities regarding the terms of the investments and the enforcement of the entities’ respective rights therein. Furthermore, the Adviser is not precluded from causing a Fund to invest in the securities issued by companies represented in the investment portfolios of other Funds managed by the Adviser or its principals, affiliates or advisory clients. Any such purchases (or sales) will not be on a “principal-to-principal” basis and will only be offered where the Adviser is satisfied that the Fund’s interests are not unfairly prejudiced. Without limiting the foregoing, certain Funds co-invest in certain real estate- related opportunities with funds or accounts managed by CPRE. The Funds do not pay any fees to CPRE in connection with such investments. The Adviser has policies and procedures in place to mitigate the inherent conflict of interest such transactions present. please register to get more info
Execution Quality In placing purchase and sale orders of securities for Clients, Canyon’s policy is to seek the best execution of orders at the most favorable price in light of the overall quality of brokerage and research services provided. In selecting brokers to effect portfolio transactions, the determination of what is expected to result in best execution at the most favorable price involves a number of largely judgmental factors, including the broker’s efficiency in executing and clearing transactions, block trading capability, and the broker’s financial strength and experience in the industry. Primary market makers are used for transactions in the over the counter market except in those instances where Canyon believes more favorable execution or price is obtainable elsewhere. Each Client is responsible for the payment of standard custodian fees for the custody of its assets. Custodian fees are paid at market rates and are not material to the Fund. Each Client incurs standard transaction costs associated with acquiring and selling securities and the brokerage commissions are negotiated at arm’s length on behalf each Fund. Canyon will not receive any rebates in respect of brokerage commissions or custody fees. In allocating brokerage business for its clients, Canyon also takes into consideration research, analytical, statistical and other information and services provided by the broker. While Canyon believes these services have value, they are considered supplemental to its own efforts in the performance of its duties to its advisory clients. Trading and Soft Dollar Arrangements Canyon does not intend to use soft dollars to pay for third-party research or other third-party products. Furthermore, Canyon will not enter into any third-party soft dollar arrangements without the express approval of its Chief Compliance Officer. Canyon’s Clients do pay bundled commission rates and Canyon receives proprietary research from many of its executing brokers and prime brokers. As a result, Canyon may pay a broker a brokerage commission in excess of that which another broker might have charged for effecting the same transactions, in recognition of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker and used by a Client. In such circumstances, Canyon endeavors to do so in accordance with the criteria of Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act (“Section 28(e)”). Canyon may also occasionally direct transactions effected on a principal basis to brokers in recognition of the research services provided by that broker. Canyon believes that in certain circumstances it is important to its investment decision-making processes to have access to independent research. Some research services furnished by brokers and dealers with whom Canyon effects securities transactions could be used in servicing all of its Clients and not all such services may be used in connection with all Clients who paid commissions to the brokers providing such services. Generally, research services provided by brokers include information on the economy, industries, groups of securities, individual companies, statistical information, accounting and tax law interpretations, political developments, legal developments affecting portfolio securities, technical market action, pricing and appraisal services, credit analysis, risk measurement analysis, performance analysis and analysis of corporate responsibility issues. Such research services are received primarily in the form of written reports, telephone contacts and personal meetings with security analysts. In addition, such research services may be provided in the form of access to various computer-generated data, and meetings arranged with corporate and industry spokespersons, economists, academicians, and government representatives. Subject to best execution, Canyon may effect transactions with certain brokers primarily in consideration for providing research services. Canyon may allocate brokerage to such firms, provided that the value of any research and brokerage services is reasonable in relationship to the amount of commission paid. While Canyon tracks internally the amount of commissions paid to various brokers, in no case will Canyon make binding or informal commitments as to the level of brokerage commissions it will allocate to a broker. If Canyon itself enters into a formal soft dollar arrangement to receive a mixed use product (a product that provides both Section 28(e) eligible research/brokerage functions as well as other functions), it will make a good faith allocation between the research/brokerage functions and non-research/brokerage functions, and will pay for any non-research/brokerage functions with cash. In making good faith allocations between such functions, a conflict of interest may exist by reason of Canyon’s allocation of the costs of such benefits and functions between those that primarily benefit Canyon and those that primarily benefit its clients. Trade Error Policy The Adviser attempts to minimize trade errors by taking the utmost care in making and implementing investment decisions on behalf of client accounts. The Adviser has controls and procedures in place designed to detect and correct in a timely manner any trade errors that may occur. Trade errors are documented and reported to the Adviser’s supervisory personnel, and trade errors are reviewed to assess whether an error was a result of a weakness in internal procedures and controls. If it is determined that a weakness in internal controls caused or contributed to the error, mitigating controls are established to rectify the identified control weakness. Unless the Adviser has specifically addressed trade errors in the investment advisory agreement with a client, it is the Adviser’s policy generally not to reimburse clients for any errors or mistakes with respect to the Adviser’s placing or executing trades for the client, as such errors are considered by the Adviser to be a cost of doing business. However, pursuant to the pertinent investment management agreement’s exculpation of liability and indemnification provisions, the Adviser will be obligated to reimburse the client for any trade error resulting from the Adviser’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. The Adviser, subject to its fiduciary obligations, will determine whether or not any trade error is required to be reimbursed in accordance with this policy. Any positive trade errors will be for the benefit of the client and not retained by Adviser. Prime Brokers Canyon’s Clients have prime brokerage arrangements with one or all of the following: Credit Suisse, JP Morgan, and Bank of America Merrill Lynch. These arrangements provide for the clearing and settlement of trades executed at brokers other than the prime brokers noted above. Canyon’s Clients may also execute trades through brokerage divisions of its prime brokers subject to best execution. The prime brokers may, at no additional cost, also provide additional services to Canyon from time to time, including consulting services relating to technology requirements, infrastructure implementation, facilities management, property acquisition (purchase or lease), and refurbishment or build-out advice. While this may create a potential conflict of interest, Canyon does not believe that these additional services are material and the receipt of such services was not a consideration when selecting prime brokers. In addition to the services noted above, the prime brokers may also provide additional services, which are discussed in more detail in the Client Referrals and Other Compensation, below. Allocation of Investment Opportunities Canyon attempts to act in a fair and reasonable manner in allocating investment and trading opportunities among Canyon’s Clients. Canyon’s allocation procedures seek to allocate investment opportunities among the accounts over time in the fairest possible way, considering both the best interests and specific restrictions of the accounts. Canyon intends to ensure that each investment is appropriate for each account in light of the characteristics of the specific security and the overall portfolio composition of such account. Although the allocation of investment opportunities among Clients may create potential conflicts of interest because of the interests of Canyon or because Canyon may receive different fees or compensation from its Clients, the allocation decisions will not be based on such interests, fees or compensation. Within the overall parameters, consideration is given to account investment objectives, strategies and guidelines, account constraints and restrictions, account size, diversification, cash availability (including anticipated contributions and redemptions), liquidity constraints, tax issues, exposure to asset classes, ramp-up or ramp-down status, investment time horizon and other factors, including, where appropriate, the value of having round lots in the portfolio. Canyon will not be obligated to allocate an investment opportunity across all of its Clients and may at times sell a portion (or all) of an investment for one or more of its Clients, while it continues to hold the same investment for other Clients. For example, if any Client is prohibited from purchasing a particular security due to any legal or other regulatory reason, such Client will not be allocated any portion of such security; however, the Advisor may over allocate certain trades to such accounts where the legal or regular issue does not otherwise prevent the Client from participating in such trade – with the goal being to allocate trades in a fair and equitable manner over time. Similarly, certain Canyon Clients may not fully participate in equity IPOs. Allocations of equity IPOs will generally be made among eligible Clients on a pro rata basis. From time to time, Canyon may recommend securities to one or more accounts and it or its affiliates may purchase securities for their own accounts as well. Conflicts of interest may arise among the accounts, or among Canyon and the accounts, or as a result of some other securities investment activity or business in which one or more accounts may be engaged. In addition, Canyon is not obligated by contract to buy, sell or recommend for an account any security or other investment that may be bought, sold or recommended for any other accounts. When a number of accounts and affiliates are attempting to purchase the same securities, Canyon typically aggregates orders to purchase or sell securities with those of its other accounts in order to facilitate execution and minimize transaction costs. Canyon receives no additional compensation or remuneration for such aggregation. The manner of aggregation is consistent with Canyon’s duty to seek best execution for its accounts and with the terms of its investment advisory agreements. Each account participates in aggregated orders at the average share price for each completed transaction in a security with a given broker on a given business day, with transaction costs borne by each account participating in the transaction. If all such orders cannot be fully executed under prevailing market conditions, Canyon allocates on an equitable basis among all of its accounts the purchases or sales which can be made after taking into account the size of the order placed for the various accounts and such other factors as it deems appropriate. In some cases, this procedure could adversely affect the price paid or received by Canyon’s accounts or the size of the position obtained by such accounts. In addition, due to certain minimum investment thresholds, certain smaller accounts may not participate in all transactions. This may, over time, result in such accounts holding fewer overall positions than larger accounts. In addition, Canyon could, from time to time, cause the record title to securities purchased on behalf of the accounts to be held in the name of a nominee affiliate in trust on behalf of the accounts. Such nominee holdings will be undertaken when the size of the investment, the nature of the co-investment or other considerations relating to the transaction militate in favor of holding the securities in the name of one person rather than subdividing the securities among the accounts. Any such nominee holdings will be held by a qualified custodian, for the sole benefit of the accounts, each of whom will retain full beneficial ownership. Canyon and its affiliates will cause the accounts to share on a fair and equitable basis in the legal fees and other expenses incurred from investigating and negotiating potential transactions for the accounts, whether or not such transactions are consummated. In loan transactions sourced by Canyon and its affiliates, Canyon may serve as agent at no additional cost to the accounts. Cross Trades between Investment Advisory Clients From time to time, one Fund will sell or buy a security to or from another Fund. Although these transactions should not be deemed principal transactions where the Adviser (including its controlling persons) owns less than 25% of the interests of each Fund, the Adviser recognizes the conflict of interest such transactions may create. To mitigate such conflicts of interest, the Adviser will obtain an independent review of the fairness of the transaction to both Funds if the investment is private or an independent price (i.e., a pricing service or broker quote) if the investment is public. Similarly, from time to time, one Fund will sell or buy a security to or from a managed account Client. The Adviser also recognizes the conflict of interest such transactions may create. To mitigate such conflicts of interest, the Adviser will provide the managed account Client with the name of each security to be crossed for review and confirm approval by such managed account Client before executing the trade. Public securities will typically be “crossed” at the mid-point between the bid and the ask. Private securities will be valued by the Adviser, based on its valuation procedures, and such valuation will be reviewed and approved by the managed account Client. Depending on the nature of the transaction, cross trades are typically allocated to single account (rather than allocated among multiple accounts). However, from time to time Canyon’s onshore fund(s) could reduce exposure to a security by selling a portion of its holding to offshore fund(s)/account(s). In such cases, the Adviser will generally follow the procedures noted above, but will not seek the consent of the purchasing offshore fund(s)/account(s). please register to get more info
Client accounts are reviewed and monitored on routine basis by Senior Management. Reviews may be triggered by, among other factors, changing market conditions, news concerning specific holdings, or at the request of a Client. Separately managed accounts receive transaction confirmations and monthly statements from brokers, as well as a monthly report listing the holdings, the market value, cost and other information concerning the account. Fund investors receive monthly account statements listing the value of their investment. Fund investors also receive an annual K-1, if applicable, and a copy of the annual audit for each fund in which they are invested. Taxable accounts receive an annual tax summary. Certain private funds advised by Canyon have retained the services of a third party administrator to act as administrator, share registrar, and transfer agent. The Administrator is generally responsible for producing and distributing monthly account statements and other information as specified above to investors. Also, due to legal/regulatory constraints that must be followed by some of our Clients/underlying Fund investors and/or the specific needs and requests by certain Clients/Fund investors, Canyon may, at its discretion, agree to provide certain Clients/Fund investors more frequent reports and/or certain other reports than those described above. Certain information is only provided after the Client/Fund investor has signed a confidentiality agreement. please register to get more info
From time to time, Canyon enters into arrangements with third parties whereby Canyon compensates such third parties for referring clients or investors to Canyon. To the extent required by applicable law or Canyon’s internal procedures, Canyon will only enter into an arrangement if the client/investor is aware of the fee arrangement and the arrangement is in compliance with applicable rules and regulations. Canyon will furnish each such client/investor with a current copy of the Adviser’s written disclosure statement and the solicitor’s written disclosure document and Canyon will receive from any such client/investor a written confirmation of receipt of such documents, to the extent required by applicable law. An affiliate of Canyon is a passive, indirect investor in a platform called Capital Integration Systems LLC (“CAIS”), which is one such third party. Neither Canyon nor any of its affiliates receive any fees directly from CAIS for client referrals. In addition, Canyon’s executing and prime brokers, from time to time, refer to Canyon potential clients/inventors or arrange for meetings with potential clients/investors who are also often clients of the broker. While this may create a potential conflict of interest, capital introduction is not a consideration when selecting or retaining prime brokers or executing trades. While the meetings may be arranged by the brokers, there is no guarantee that the clients/investors will invest with Canyon. Other than the standard commission rates paid by Canyon’s Clients, and customary prime brokerage fees, the brokers do not receive any compensation, directly or indirectly, for the meetings or the subsequent investments, if any. Canyon does not select or recommend broker-dealers based upon client referrals from a broker-dealer or third party. Clients do not direct brokerage. please register to get more info
Canyon has custody of certain Client funds and/or securities. Investors and Clients should carefully review any statements or reports provided by the fund Administrator as well as the Fund’s audited financial statements. The Funds are audited annually and Fund investors receive a copy of the annual audit within 120 days’ of a Fund’s year-end. With respect to such funds and/or securities held by managed account Clients, such Clients will have access to account statements prepared by a qualified custodian. Such account statements will be available on-line and will be updated at least quarterly. Managed account Clients will also receive accounts statements from Canyon, and Clients should compare the account statements received from the qualified custodian with those received from Canyon. please register to get more info
Canyon provides (accepts) advisory services on a fully discretionary basis. Clients (but generally not investors) are permitted to place limits on this discretion or with respect to certain investments and/or investment types. Prior to accepting this authority, Canyon will enter into an advisory agreement with the Client. Neither Canyon nor any of its affiliates, principals or employees is required to devote full time to managing any single Client. They conduct other businesses and provide investment advisory services to other Clients, including, without limitation, other affiliated investment funds and managed accounts (such as corporate or governmental benefit plans, institutional investors and high net worth individuals), some of whom have objectives similar to those of other Clients. They give advice and make recommendations to such other Clients, which may be the same, similar to or different from those rendered to another Client. The compensation arrangements with other Clients may create incentives for Canyon or its principals or employees to favor such other Clients. However, Canyon will not knowingly or deliberately favor any Client over another Client as result of different compensation arrangements. Decisions affecting one Client may be made independently from such other Clients. Class Actions Unless otherwise specifically prohibited in the investment advisory contract, Canyon may, at its sole discretion, file proofs of claims in relation to class actions. Canyon will generally participate and file the necessary claim forms through the use of an unaffiliated third-party service provider. The service provider receives a contingency fee and is not compensated unless a recovery is obtained. Canyon will periodically review this process to determine if the cost associated with such filings exceeds the benefits. please register to get more info
Generally, Canyon has authority to vote its Client’s proxies (unless a Client retains authority pursuant to its advisory agreement with Canyon). Canyon has adopted formal written Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the “Proxy Policy”). Clients and investors may obtain a copy of Canyon’s proxy voting policies and procedures and information on how the Client’s securities have been voted upon the Client’s request, free of charge from our CCO upon request (Doug Anderson (310) 272 1360). Canyon shall vote proxies in a manner that is in the best interest of the Client. Canyon shall consider only those factors that relate to the Client’s investment or dictated by the Client’s written instructions, including how the result of the requested vote will economically impact and affect the value of the Client's investment. In voting on each and every issue, Canyon and its employees shall vote in a prudent and timely fashion and only after a careful evaluation of the issue(s) presented on the ballot. Canyon has hired Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”) to assist in coordinating its voting of proxies and to provide certain record keeping services. ISS does not vote proxies for Canyon, but does inform Canyon about upcoming proxies related to the securities held by its Clients. Most of the securities held for Canyon’s Clients constitute a small percentage of the ownership of the issuer of such securities, therefore Canyon does not expect such issuers to be impacted by its Clients’ proxy votes related to such securities. Accordingly, Canyon has determined that its Clients’ interests will not be impacted by such proxy votes and that the benefits to its Clients related to any such vote would be small and the costs associated with investigating how best to vote such proxies would exceed such benefits. Consequently, Canyon will not vote or evaluate proxies relating to a security if its Client is a beneficial owner of no more than one percent (1%) of the outstanding securities of such issuer. If, however, Canyon believes that the subject matter of a proxy for any such security may nonetheless be material to a Client’s account and that the vote may impact the outcome of such vote, Canyon will vote the proxy in a manner that is in the best interest of its Client. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the forgoing, Canyon will vote a proxy as dictated by any Client’s written instructions. Additionally, certain of its Clients have securities lending agreements with their prime broker/custodian and for purposes of determining whether Clients are a beneficial owner of more than 1% of the outstanding securities of an issuer, Canyon will not include securities that are on loan as Canyon does not have the ability to vote such proxies. Canyon will evaluate proxies relating to a security if the Client is the beneficial owner of more than one percent (1%) of the outstanding securities of such issuer and has the right to vote securities (which it may not possess if the securities are loaned out). Canyon will vote these proxies in a manner that is in the best interest of the Client. Canyon shall consider only those factors that relate to the Client’s investment or dictated by the Client’s written instructions, including how the result of the requested vote will economically impact and effect the value of the Client’s investment (keeping in mind that, after conducting an appropriate cost-benefit analysis, avoiding further expense and investigation and not voting at all on a presented proposal may be in the best interest of the Client). In voting on each and every issue, Canyon will vote in a prudent and timely fashion and only after a careful evaluation of the issue(s) presented on the ballot. In exercising its voting discretion, Canyon and its employees will seek to avoid any direct or indirect conflict of interest raised by such voting decision. Canyon will provide adequate disclosure to its Clients if any substantive aspect or foreseeable result of the subject matter to be voted upon raises an actual or potential conflict of interest to Canyon or any of its affiliates. After informing a Client of any potential conflict of interest, Canyon will either request such Client’s consent to Canyon’s vote recommendation or request that such Client vote the proxy directly or through another designee. If the Client is unreachable or the Client has not affirmatively responded before the response deadline for the matter being voted upon, Canyon may: (a) engage a non-Interested Party to independently review its vote recommendation if the vote recommendation would fall in favor of its interest (or the interest of its affiliate), to confirm that the vote recommendation is in the Client’s best interest under the circumstances; (b) cast its vote as recommended if the vote recommendation would fall against its or its affiliate’s interest and such vote recommendation is in the Client’s best interest under the circumstances; or (c) abstain from voting if it determines that such action is in its Client’s best interest under the circumstances. Canyon will also exercise voting and/or consent rights with respect to fixed income securities, including but not limited to, plans of reorganization, and waivers and consents under applicable indentures, consent rights that primarily entail decisions to buy or sell investments, such as tender or exchange offers, conversions, put options, redemption and Dutch auctions. With respect to the exercising of such voting and/or consent rights, Canyon considers each proposal regarding a fixed income security on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration any relevant financial implications, contractual obligations as well as other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote. please register to get more info
Canyon does not require or solicit pre-payment of advisory fees. There are no financial conditions that are reasonably likely to impair Canyon’s ability to meet its contractual commitments to clients. please register to get more info
Open Brochure from SEC website
Assets | |
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Pooled Investment Vehicles | $20,994,531,854 |
Discretionary | $20,994,531,854 |
Non-Discretionary | $ |
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