Advisory Business A. General Description of Advisory Firm
J.P. Morgan Private Investments Inc. (“JPMPI”), a Delaware corporation, is a registered investment adviser
that provides advisory services to open-end and closed-end Registered Investment Companies (“RICs”)
under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”); provides investment advice
and/or administrative functions for private investment funds organized as limited partnerships, limited
liability companies, or offshore companies (“Private Funds”); and provides discretionary and non-
discretionary investment management services in various wrap fee programs offered through an affiliate,
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“JPMS”).
For the JPMS wrap fee programs, JPMPI acts as a (i) sub-adviser to JPMS’ J.P. Morgan Core Advisory
Portfolio program (“JPMCAP”) and Chase Strategic Portfolio program (“CSP”) (ii) manager of the Select
Advisory Strategies offered through JPMS’ Advisory Program (the “Advisory Program”), (iii) manager of a
strategy offered through JPMS’ Strategic Investment Services program (“STRATIS”), (iv) manager of
strategies offered through JPMS’ Customized Bond Solutions program (“C-BoS”), and (v) non-discretionary
adviser for JPMS’ Mutual Fund Advisory Portfolio program (“MFAP”). In addition, JPMPI provides certain
Fund and SMA Manager research services with respect to certain strategies offered by JPMS, including
Portfolio Manager Program (“PMP”), Discretionary Fixed Income program (“DFI”) and SMA Managers
available in STRATIS (except JPMPI).
The JPMS legal entity includes two wealth management businesses: Chase Investments (“Chase
Investments”) and J.P. Morgan Securities. The Chase Investments business offers to its clients CSP,
Advisory Program, MFAP, PMP and DFI. The J.P. Morgan Securities business offers to its clients STRATIS.
C-BoS and JPMCAP are offered by both Chase Investments and J.P. Morgan Securities.
JPMPI was incorporated on November 25, 1991. JPMPI is a wholly-owned subsidiary of J.P. Morgan
Chase & Co., which, together with its affiliates (collectively, “J.P. Morgan” or "JPMC") is engaged in a large
number of financial businesses worldwide, including banking, asset management, securities brokerage,
and investment advisory services. As relevant to this Brochure, JPMPI is also affiliated with the following
entities, which are also affiliates of each other as well as J.P. Morgan: JPMS, J.P. Morgan Investment
Management Inc. (“JPMIM”) and J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“JPMCB”).
The below table contains certain key definitions used in this Brochure. Additional defined terms are defined throughout the Brochure itself. Acronym Definition of Acronym
“ADR” American depositary receipt
“ETFs” Exchange-traded funds
“ERISA” Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974,
as amended
“Funds” Collectively, open-end mutual funds, ETFs and
Liquid Alternative Funds
“IRA” Individual retirement account
“J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds” Funds sponsored or managed by J.P. Morgan
including JPMPI and JPMIM
“Liquid Alternative Funds” Mutual funds that hold more non-traditional
investments and employ more complex strategies
than traditional mutual funds
“Model Managers” Investment adviser affiliated or unaffiliated with J.P.
Morgan that provide model portfolios of individual
securities to JPMPI as a discretionary manager
“non–J.P. Morgan Funds” Funds managed by third-party asset managers
unaffiliated with J.P. Morgan
“Programs” The programs for which JPMPI provides
investment advisory services, including JPMCAP,
CSP, Advisory Program, STRATIS, C-BoS and
MFAP
“SMA Managers” Both Model Managers and separately managed
account investment advisers
B. Description of Advisory Services
This Brochure describes the services that JPMPI provides including (i) the discretionary portfolio
management services for JPMCAP clients, CSP clients, Advisory Program clients that select the Select
Advisory Strategies, STRATIS clients and C-BoS clients, (ii) the non-discretionary advisory services for
MFAP clients, and (iii) the Fund and SMA Manager research services with respect to certain strategies
offered by JPMS, including PMP, DFI and SMA Managers available in STRATIS (except JPMPI).
Additional information about the services JPMPI provides to its other clients investing in Private Funds and
RICs is described in a separate ADV brochure, which is available at the SEC’s website at
www.adviserinfo.sec.gov. In addition, for more information on the Programs, see the applicable JPMS
Form ADV, Part 2A Appendix 1, SEC File No. 801-3702, which are available from JPMS upon request.
In addition, the descriptions below of the various Programs’ investment strategies are, with respect to
investments in individual securities or separately managed accounts through a SMA Manager that is an
SEC-registered investment adviser, qualified in their entirety by the information included in the applicable
SMA Manager’s Form ADV, Part 2, which is available at the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
The investment strategy descriptions below are not intended to serve as Fund, SMA Manager, or account
guidelines. Neither JPMS, JPMPI, nor JPMPI's manager solutions team (further described below) can
ensure that a given strategy’s investment objective will be attained. Additionally, with the exception of the
Six Circles Funds (described in Item 11.B below), for which JPMPI serves as investment adviser, neither
JPMS, JPMPI, nor JPMPI’s manager solutions team is responsible for the performance of any Fund or any
SMA Manager, or for any Fund’s or SMA Manager’s compliance with its prospectus, disclosures, laws or
regulations, or other matters within the Fund’s or SMA Manager’s control. Each Fund’s adviser and SMA
Manager are solely responsible for the investment strategy that they manage. JPMPI’s role is described in
I. JPMCAP Overview JPMCAP is a discretionary unified managed account program managed and offered by JPMS. In JPMCAP,
client assets are invested in a manner consistent with one of the single-asset class (Managed Fixed Income
and Managed Equities) or multi–asset class (Conservative, Balanced, Growth and Aggressive Growth)
investment strategies made available by JPMS to clients. Assets within an investment strategy are
generally invested in each asset class through one or more Funds or individual securities in accordance
with one or more model portfolios provided by separate Model Managers available through JPMS, subject
to the qualifications below. For taxable accounts only, clients have the option to utilize available municipal
fixed income options.
Clients with at least $250,000 in their JPMCAP accounts may elect to include Liquid Alternative Funds,
subject to the qualifications below. See Item 10.D below for information on share classes of Funds available
to JPMCAP clients.
Clients with at least $750,000 in their JPMCAP accounts may also elect to have assets within an investment
strategy invested in individual securities in accordance with one or more model portfolios provided by the
Model Managers. At the present time, Model Managers are only available in the Chase Investments line
of business and are not available in the J.P. Morgan Securities line of business, though this may change at
JPMS’ discretion.
Funds available through JPMCAP include both J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and non–J.P. Morgan Funds.
A portion of the assets in JPMCAP are expected to be invested in J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds. In addition,
unaffiliated and affiliated Model Managers may be evaluated and selected for JPMCAP accounts. See
“Use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and SMA Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest” in Item 11.B
below for more information on the use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and affiliated Model Managers.
Description of Investment Strategies
The investment strategy for a particular client is based on the client’s discussion with JPMS and the client’s
risk tolerance. The investment strategies available in JPMCAP are Conservative, Balanced, Growth,
Aggressive Growth, Managed Fixed Income and Managed Equities. The Conservative, Balanced, and
Growth investment strategies are available for clients, regardless of whether they are eligible to include or
have elected to include Liquid Alternative Funds or other securities through Model Managers in their
accounts. The Aggressive Growth investment strategy is only available to those clients who are eligible for
and have elected to include Liquid Alternative Funds in their accounts. Liquid Alternative Funds are not
available in the Managed Equities or Managed Fixed Income investment strategies.
The investment strategies and types of investment options that are available based on the level of client
assets in JPMCAP are summarized in the table below:
Available Investment Strategies Client Program Assets Available Investment Strategies* Conservative Balanced Growth Aggressive
Growth
Managed Fixed
Income
Managed Equities
$10,000 –
$249,999
Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes
$250,000
and over
Yes Yes Yes Yes (if include
Liquid Alternative
Funds)
Yes Yes
$750,000
and over
Yes Yes Yes Yes (if include
Liquid Alternative
Funds)
Yes Yes
Available Investments Client Program Assets Available Investments*
Mutual Funds ETFs Liquid Alternative Funds Other Securities through
Model Managers
$10,000 –
$249,999
Yes Yes No No
$250,000
and over
Yes Yes Yes, on client election (except for
Managed Fixed Income and
Managed Equities)
No
$750,000
and over
Yes Yes Yes, on client election (except for
Managed Fixed Income and
Managed Equities)
Yes, on client election for
certain lines of business**
* Does not include Legacy Models/Strategies (see description of Legacy Models/Strategies below).
** At the present time, Model Managers are only available in the Chase Investments line of business and are not available in the J.P.
Morgan Securities line of business, though this may change at JPMS’ discretion.
Below is a description of each JPMCAP investment strategy. For the related risks of each JPMCAP
investment strategy, see Item 8 below.
Conservative
The Conservative investment strategy seeks to primarily preserve capital investments and generate
income with a secondary goal to achieve moderate levels of capital growth. The investment strategy also
aims to maintain below-moderate exposure to risk of capital loss in pursuit of this return objective.
Consistent with these objectives, a majority of the investment strategy expects to be invested in assets
that tend to have a history of lower capital returns and volatility such as fixed income. To achieve a return
objective that includes capital growth, a larger percentage expects to be invested in historically more
volatile securities such as equities and alternative assets, than an objective focused on capital preservation
alone.
Balanced
The Balanced investment strategy seeks to primarily achieve growth of capital investments and income
generation with a secondary goal of principal preservation. The investment strategy also aims to maintain
moderate exposure to risk of capital loss in pursuit of this return objective. Consistent with these objectives,
this investment strategy expects to invest in assets that tend to have a history of lower capital returns and
volatility such as fixed income, and those with a more volatile history and upside return potential such as
equities and alternative assets.
Growth
The Growth investment strategy seeks to primarily achieve growth of capital investments. The investment
strategy also aims to maintain above-moderate exposure to risk of capital loss in pursuit of this return
objective. Consistent with these objectives, this investment strategy expects to invest predominantly in
assets that tend to have a history of higher upside return potential and volatility such as equities and
alternative assets, with a lower percentage invested in historically less volatile securities such as fixed
income.
Aggressive Growth
The Aggressive Growth investment strategy seeks to first and foremost achieve growth of capital
investments. The investment strategy will generally maintain high exposure to risk of capital loss in pursuit
of this return objective. Consistent with these objectives, this investment strategy expects to invest
predominantly in assets that tend to have a history of higher upside return potential and volatility, such as
equities and alternative assets.
Managed Fixed Income
The Managed Fixed Income investment strategy seeks to generate total return through growth of capital
investments and income generation. The investment strategy also aims to maintain moderate exposure to
risk of capital loss in pursuit of this return objective. Consistent with these objectives, this investment
strategy expects to invest in fixed income assets, cash and cash equivalents.
Managed Equities
The Managed Equities investment strategy seeks to first and foremost achieve growth of capital
investments. The investment strategy will maintain high exposure to risk of capital loss in pursuit of this
return objective. Consistent with these objectives, this investment strategy expects to invest solely in
equities, which tend to have a history of higher upside return potential and higher volatility. The investment
strategy may also maintain exposure to cash or cash equivalents.
JPMS establishes investment objectives and policy, designates sub-adviser(s) when appropriate and is
responsible for oversight of the sub-adviser(s). JPMPI determines strategic and tactical allocation for the
investment strategies and selects the Funds and Model Managers available through JPMCAP using its
research. JPMS (not JPMPI) is responsible for determining whether an investment strategy is suitable for
a particular client.
JPMS prepares an investment policy statement for JPMPI that specifies investment guidelines, including
those designed by JPMS to address operational and other considerations. These operational and other
considerations, such as Fund concentration and capacity issues, may affect the timing of certain tactical
trades, and may result in the timing or implementation of trades for a client’s account differing from that of
another client or group of clients of JPMS or its affiliates.
An internal governance forum provides ongoing oversight of JPMCAP to review compliance with strategy-
specific guidelines and metrics.
Legacy Models/Strategies
In October 2018, certain JPMCB bank-managed investment accounts transferred into similar JPMS
discretionary Program models and investment strategies with identical investment objectives. However, due
to certain tax consequences, certain of these accounts continue to be invested in their existing asset
allocation models and certain portfolio holdings will differ from the corresponding models and portfolio
holdings offered in the Programs (“Legacy Models/Strategies”). Therefore, although the asset allocation
models and portfolio management are provided by the same investment management teams, the
performance of the Legacy Models/Strategies will differ from the corresponding current Program models.
Legacy Models/Strategies are not available to new Program accounts. Legacy Models/Strategies trade
through JPMS on a different trade implementation system than the current models and investment
strategies in the Programs. Certain non-retirement taxable accounts in JPMCAP, as well as the Multi-
Manager Select Advisory Strategies in the Advisory Program (as applicable below), are invested in Legacy
Models/Strategies; all other accounts have been conformed to the current Program models and investment
strategies. Clients that remain in the Legacy Models/Strategies can request to be transitioned to current
Program models and investment strategies.
Transition Models
On or about June 9, 2019, JPMPI made available additional models for JPMCAP accounts invested in
Legacy Models/Strategies (“Transition Models”) for clients who request to change their investment strategy.
Transition Models are based on the similar investment strategies as other JPMCAP models. Certain
portfolio holdings for Transition Models will differ from the corresponding current JPMCAP models.
Therefore, although the asset allocation and portfolio management for the Transition Models are provided
by the same investment management teams that provide models in JPMCAP, the performance of the
Transition Models can differ.
Option to Use Index Oriented Vehicles
JPMPI prefers to follow an investment process that maintains the option of using a range of active and
passive vehicles, some of which are Index Oriented Vehicles (as defined below) and some of which are
not. However, clients may elect to have their accounts (other than cash and liquidity Funds) implemented
using Index Oriented Vehicles.
For purposes of the JPMCAP Index Oriented Vehicle election, “Passively Managed Vehicles” include ETFs
and index mutual funds. “Actively Managed Vehicles” include mutual funds, separately managed accounts,
and investments in other securities through Model Managers.
In determining whether a particular Actively Managed Vehicle or Passively Managed Vehicle may be
considered an “Index Oriented Vehicle,” JPMPI will, using research and vehicle evaluation, consider, among
other things, how closely the vehicle’s historical returns track the index JPMPI is targeting for the relevant
asset class as well as the cost, liquidity, complexity and potential tax efficiency of the vehicle’s strategy.
The determination of whether a vehicle is an Index Oriented Vehicle is in JPMPI’s sole discretion, is subject
to change, and does not guarantee that Index Oriented Vehicles will perform in line with, or in excess of,
underlying indices. The election does not apply to cash and liquidity Funds.
Clients who have selected the Conservative, Balanced, Growth, or Managed Equities investment
strategies, and who have not elected to include Liquid Alternative Funds or other securities through Model
Managers, may elect to use Index Oriented Vehicles to implement their accounts for asset classes other
than cash and liquidity Funds. The election to have an account implemented using Index Oriented Vehicles
is not available for accounts invested in the Aggressive Growth or Managed Fixed Income investment
strategies. This election directs JPMPI to use Passively Managed Vehicles except when, in JPMPI’s
judgment, active management is expected to closely reflect an underlying index and either (i) better reflects
the overall characteristics of the underlying asset class or market segment, or (ii) is necessary to implement
the client’s instructions. Clients who elect to have their accounts implemented using Index Oriented
Vehicles must also elect to have their accounts implemented using non-J.P. Morgan Funds and unaffiliated
Model Managers.
When a client elects to implement his or her JPMCAP account using Index Oriented Vehicles, it may affect
JPMPI’s ability to make investments, access asset classes, or take advantage of opportunities that are
available to clients that do not make that election. As a result, performance of an account with an election
will differ from the performance of other accounts without an election.
Actively managed vehicles typically charge higher management fees than passively managed vehicles.
JPMPI’s preference to follow an investment process that maintains the option of using a range of active
and passive vehicles presents a conflict of interest because JPMPI has the option to include more actively
managed vehicles in the portfolio, which could include J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and J.P. Morgan Model
Managers, in which case J.P. Morgan would receive more overall fees (except with respect to the Six Circles
Funds and any retirement accounts investing in J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and Model Managers). See
“Use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and SMA Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest” in Item 11.B
below.
Option to Use Model Managers
When a client elects to use Model Managers, it may limit the ability to consistently apply the asset allocation
of the models or take advantage of opportunities that are available to clients who do not use Model
Managers. As a result, performance of an account with this election can differ from the performance of other
accounts without this election.
Option to Use non-J.P. Morgan Funds and Unaffiliated Model Managers
As described in “Use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and SMA Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest”
in Item 11.B below, JPMPI prefers J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and affiliated Model Managers. However,
clients may elect to exclude from their JPMCAP accounts J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and affiliated Model
Managers (except for J.P. Morgan cash and liquidity products).
When a client elects to exclude J.P. Morgan investment strategies, it can affect JPMPI’s ability to make
investments, access asset classes, or take advantage of opportunities that are available to clients who do
not make that election. As a result, performance of an account with an election to exclude J.P. Morgan
investment strategies will likely differ from the performance of other accounts without an election.
II. CSP Overview CSP is a discretionary unified managed account program managed and offered by JPMS. In CSP, client
assets are invested in a manner consistent with one of the multi-asset class (Conservative, Moderate,
Moderate Growth, Growth, Aggressive Growth and Fixed Income Focused) investment strategies made
available by JPMS to clients. Assets within an investment strategy are generally invested in each asset
class through one or more open-end Funds or SMA Managers.
Clients with at least $500,000 in their CSP accounts may elect to have assets within an investment strategy
invested with a SMA Manager. Currently, JPMIM is the only SMA Manager, and no unaffiliated SMA
Managers have been evaluated or selected for inclusion in CSP. However, Funds available through CSP
include both J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and non-J.P. Morgan Funds. Currently, a portion of the assets in
CSP are invested in J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds. See “Use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and SMA
Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest” in Item 11.B below for more information.
CSP is generally closed to new accounts; however, existing CSP clients may add new assets, subject to
the terms of the JPMS account minimums.
Description of Investment Strategies
The investment strategy for a particular client is based on the client’s discussion with JPMS and the client’s
risk tolerance. The investment strategies available in CSP are Conservative, Moderate, Moderate Growth,
Growth, Aggressive Growth and Fixed Income Focused.
Below is a description of each CSP investment strategy. For the related risks of each CSP investment
strategy, see Item 8 below.
Conservative
The Conservative investment strategy seeks to primarily preserve capital investments and generate income
with a secondary goal to achieve moderate levels of capital growth. The investment strategy also aims to
maintain below-moderate exposure to risk of capital loss in pursuit of this return objective. Consistent with
these objectives, a majority of the investment strategy expects to be invested in assets that tend to have a
history of lower capital returns and volatility such as fixed income. To achieve a return objective that includes
capital growth, a larger percentage expects to be invested in historically more volatile securities such as
equities, than an objective focused on capital preservation alone.
Moderate The Moderate investment strategy seeks to primarily achieve moderate levels of capital growth and income
generation with a secondary goal of principal preservation. The investment strategy also aims to maintain
moderate exposure to risk of capital loss in pursuit of this return objective. Consistent with these objectives,
this investment strategy expects to invest in assets that tend to have a history of lower capital returns and
volatility such as fixed income, and those with a more volatile history and upside return potential such as
equities.
Moderate Growth The Moderate Growth investment strategy seeks to primarily achieve growth of capital investments and
income generation. The investment strategy also aims to maintain moderate exposure to risk of capital loss
in pursuit of this return objective. Consistent with these objectives, this investment strategy expects to invest
in assets that tend to have a history of lower capital returns and volatility such as fixed income, and those
with a more volatile history and upside return potential such as equities.
Growth The Growth investment strategy seeks to primarily achieve growth of capital investments. The investment
strategy also aims to maintain above-moderate exposure to risk of capital loss in pursuit of this return
objective. Consistent with these objectives, this investment strategy expects to invest predominantly in
assets that tend to have a history of higher upside return potential and volatility such as equities, with a
lower percentage invested in historically less volatile securities such as fixed income.
Aggressive Growth The Aggressive Growth investment strategy seeks to first and foremost achieve growth of capital
investments. The investment strategy will maintain high exposure to risk of capital loss in pursuit of this
return objective. Consistent with these objectives, this investment strategy expects to invest solely in
equities, which tend to have a history of higher upside return potential and higher volatility. The investment
strategy may also maintain exposure to cash or cash equivalents.
Fixed Income Focused
The Fixed Income Focused investment strategy seeks to preserve capital investments and generate income
on an inflation adjusted basis. The Portfolio also aims to maintain low exposure to risk of capital loss in
pursuit of this return objective. Consistent with these objectives, this Portfolio expects to invest
predominantly in assets that tend to have a history of lower capital returns and volatility such as fixed
income, with a lower percentage invested in historically more volatile securities such as equities.
JPMS establishes investment objectives and policy, designates sub-adviser(s) when appropriate, and is
responsible for oversight of the sub-adviser(s). JPMPI, as a sub-adviser, determines strategic and tactical
allocation for the investment strategies and selects the Funds and SMA Managers available through CSP
using its research. JPMS (not JPMPI) is responsible for determining whether an investment strategy is
suitable for a particular client.
JPMS prepares an investment policy statement for JPMPI that specifies investment guidelines, including
those designed by JPMS to address operational and other considerations. These operational and other
considerations, such as Fund concentration and capacity issues, may affect the timing of certain tactical
trades, and may result in the timing or implementation of trades for a client’s account differing from that of
another client or group of clients of JPMS or its affiliates.
An internal governance forum provides ongoing oversight of CSP to review compliance with strategy-
specific guidelines and metrics.
Option to Use SMA Managers
When a client elects to use SMA Managers, it may limit the ability to consistently apply the asset allocation
of the models or take advantage of opportunities that are available to clients who do not use SMA Managers.
As a result, performance of an account with this election can differ from the performance of other accounts
without this election.
III. Advisory Program Overview The Advisory Program provides JPMS clients with access to portfolio managers who provide discretionary
investment management services in client separately managed accounts. Clients in the Advisory Program
may invest in (i) Select Advisory Strategies managed by JPMPI, and (ii) PMP strategies managed by JPMIM
or by unaffiliated portfolio managers.
Based on information provided by the client, JPMS assists the client in selecting an investment strategy
and a portfolio manager. JPMS (not JPMPI) is responsible for determining whether the Advisory Program,
particular investment strategies, and particular portfolio managers are suitable for a particular client.
JPMS requires clients to open a separate account for each investment strategy selected. In managing a
Select Advisory Strategy, JPMPI will not consider any assets owned by the client outside of that particular
Select Advisory Strategy, including any assets held in other Advisory Program accounts.
Description of the Select Advisory Strategies
JPMS has included certain strategies managed by JPMPI in the Advisory Program; collectively these
comprise the Select Advisory Strategies. JPMPI provides discretionary investment management services
to those clients in the Advisory Program who select one or more Select Advisory Strategies.
There are two types of Select Advisory Strategies: (1) single-manager strategies (the “Single-Manager
Select Advisory Strategies”) for which JPMPI seeks to invest in individual securities, and (2) multi-manager
strategies (the “Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies”) for which JPMPI seeks to invest in one or more
Funds and/or in individual securities following one or more model portfolios provided by affiliated and/or
unaffiliated Model Managers.
JPMPI, as portfolio manager of the Select Advisory Strategies, is responsible for securities selection
(including selecting Funds and Model Managers for investment by certain Multi-Manager Select Advisory
Strategy accounts) and determining portfolio construction. Funds available in the Multi-Manager Select
Advisory Strategies include both J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and non–J.P. Morgan Funds. In addition,
unaffiliated and affiliated Model Managers may be evaluated and selected for Multi-Manager Select
Advisory Strategy accounts. See “Use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and SMA Managers and Potential
Conflicts of Interest” in Item 11.B below for more information on the use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and
affiliated Model Managers in the Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies portfolios.
The Select Advisory Strategies seek to address specific investment objectives, provide exposure to
targeted asset classes, capture timely market opportunities, and/or address specific client objectives
through actively managed portfolios. The portfolio manager(s) construct portfolios to implement
investment views within the Select Advisory Strategy’s guidelines and consistent with its investment
objectives. The portfolio manager(s) will seek to determine their initial and ongoing portfolio positioning at
an asset class, sub-asset class, sector, or sub-sector level, in order to capture opportunities or limit risks
while managing the portfolio within respective guidelines.
The portfolio manager(s) identify specific securities and investment vehicles to use within a Select Advisory
Strategy that reflect the portfolio manager’s investment view within the Select Advisory Strategy’s
investment guidelines and portfolio objectives. In making investment decisions with respect to the Multi-
Manager Select Advisory Strategies, the portfolio manager(s) are only permitted to use approved Funds
and/or model portfolios provided by Model Managers. An internal governance forum provides ongoing
oversight of the Select Advisory Strategies to review compliance with strategy-specific guidelines and
metrics.
The portfolio manager(s) may select individual securities and Funds, including Liquid Alternative Funds.
See Item 8 below for more information about relevant risks of these investments.
Single-Manager Select Advisory Strategies
The Single-Manager Select Advisory Strategies available in the Advisory Program include the following
strategies:
• The Digital Evolution Strategy aims to achieve capital appreciation by investing in equity securities
and depositary receipts of companies focusing on or benefiting from the development of
technology related products, services and processes that enhance mobility and connectivity. The
strategy expects to invest in companies across all market capitalizations with a preference toward
medium and large capitalizations. The strategy seeks to deliver long-term total returns in excess
of the benchmark (the S&P 500 Communication Services & Information Technology Index) over a
full market cycle.
• The Focused Dividend Growth strategy seeks to allocate to concentrated equity investments
(limited number of holdings) expected to produce current income and capital gains over a longer-
term horizon.
• The Innovators Strategy seeks to deliver long term total returns by investing in companies that aim
to effectively drive innovation by investing in research and development to generate higher growth
and profitability. The strategy primarily invests in U.S. listed equity securities, including depository
receipts, and real estate investment trusts.
Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies
The Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies available in the Advisory Program include the following
strategies:
• The Absolute Return Fixed Income Strategy seeks a combination of income and capital
appreciation by utilizing an absolute return investment style. The strategy will primarily invest in
fixed income Funds and Liquid Alternative Funds; the strategy may also invest in preferred security
Funds, cash and liquidity Funds. The strategy may invest in Funds with minimal sector or duration
constraints to afford the portfolio maximum flexibility in terms of investments. The Absolute Return
Fixed Income Strategy is generally closed to new accounts; however, existing clients may add new
assets, subject to the terms of the JPMS account minimums.
• The Dynamic Multi-Asset Strategy seeks total returns, with a predominant focus on capital growth
and income, and a secondary focus on principal preservation. The strategy is intended to maintain
a moderate exposure to risk of capital loss, and will be managed with flexible asset allocation
parameters. The strategy will involve some risk of loss of income and capital.
• The Dynamic Yield Strategy aims to generate yield and long-term capital appreciation by investing
in multiple asset classes across global markets, with a preference toward fixed income. The
strategy seeks lower sensitivity to U.S. interest rates than core fixed income, and volatility lower
than U.S. equity markets, over a full market cycle.
• The Emerging Markets Growth and Income Strategy seeks to achieve capital appreciation by
investing in multiple asset classes across a portfolio which aims to achieve emerging markets
returns while balancing risk. The strategy attempts to offer lower volatility than pure emerging
markets equity by investing across asset classes in emerging and developed markets equity,
emerging markets fixed income and cash, as well as alternatives.
• The Global Opportunistic Equity Strategy seeks to allocate to a blend of Funds, individual
securities, and cash that represent a concentrated, flexible, and dynamic tactical allocation across
a collection of thematic ideas. The strategy will seek to outperform the MSCI All-Country World
Index over a full market cycle while balancing risk across geographic regions, market
capitalization, and industry sectors.
• The Sustainable Fixed Income Strategy1 seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation by
investing primarily in fixed income funds with the flexibility to invest across sectors, with a
preference towards funds that integrate Environmental, Social, and Governance (“ESG”) factors
into their investment process and/or focus on sustainable themes.
• The Sustainable Equity Strategy2 seeks to achieve long-term capital appreciation by investing
primarily in equity funds with the flexibility to invest globally across sectors and capitalizations, with
a preference towards funds that integrate ESG factors into their investment process and/or focus
on sustainable themes.
1 The strategy has the ability to invest in U.S.-registered preferred security funds and U.S.-registered fixed income funds with global
exposure and the strategy also has the ability to invest in non-ESG-designated funds.
2 The strategy has the ability to invest in U.S.-registered Real Estate Investment Trust funds and U.S.-registered infrastructure funds
and the strategy also has the ability to invest in non-ESG-designated funds.
Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies and Legacy Models/Strategies
See “Legacy Models/Strategies” above for more information regarding the Legacy Models/Strategies.
Option to Use non-J.P. Morgan Funds and Unaffiliated Model Managers
As described in “Use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and SMA Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest”
in Item 11.B below, JPMPI prefers J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and affiliated Model Managers. However,
clients may elect to exclude from their Dynamic Multi-Asset Strategy accounts J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds
and affiliated Model Managers (except for J.P. Morgan cash and liquidity products). Currently, this election
is only available for the Dynamic Multi-Asset Strategy.
When a client elects to exclude J.P. Morgan investment strategies, it can affect JPMPI’s ability to make
investments, access asset classes, or take advantage of opportunities that are available to clients who do
not make that election. As a result, performance of an account with an election to exclude J.P. Morgan
investment strategies will likely differ from the performance of other accounts without an election.
PMP Strategies Research
See “Fund and SMA Manager Research” in this Item 4 below for more information regarding PMP.
IV. STRATIS Overview
STRATIS offers clients the discretionary management services of third-party portfolio managers, including
affiliated portfolio managers, and provides consulting services to clients.
Based on information provided by the client, JPMS assists the client in selecting an investment strategy
and a portfolio manager. JPMS (not JPMPI) is responsible for determining whether STRATIS, particular
investment strategies, and particular portfolio managers are suitable for a particular client.
JPMS requires clients to open a separate account for each investment strategy selected. In managing a
STRATIS strategy, JPMPI will not consider any assets owned by the client outside of that particular strategy,
including any assets held in other STRATIS accounts.
JPMPI acts as the discretionary portfolio manager for certain strategies in STRATIS, as described in more
detail below. JPMPI is responsible for securities selection and determining portfolio construction. The
portfolio manager(s) construct portfolios to implement investment views within the relevant guidelines and
consistent with its investment objective. The portfolio manager(s) will seek to determine its initial and
ongoing portfolio positioning at a sector, or sub-sector level, in order to capture opportunities or limit risks
while managing the portfolio within respective guidelines.
An internal governance forum provides ongoing oversight of the relevant STRATIS strategies to review
compliance with strategy-specific guidelines and metrics.
The STRATIS strategies managed by JPMPI include the following strategies:
• The Digital Evolution Strategy aims to achieve capital appreciation by investing in equity securities
and depositary receipts of companies focusing on or benefiting from the development of
technology related products, services and processes that enhance mobility and connectivity. The
strategy expects to invest in companies across all market capitalizations with a preference toward
medium and large capitalizations. The strategy seeks to deliver long-term total returns in excess
of the benchmark (the S&P 500 Communication Services & Information Technology Index) over a
full market cycle.
• The Focused Dividend Growth strategy seeks to allocate to concentrated equity investments
(limited number of holdings) expected to produce current income and capital gains over a longer-
term horizon.
• The Innovators Strategy seeks to deliver long term total returns by investing in companies that aim
to effectively drive innovation by investing in research and development to generate higher growth
and profitability. The strategy primarily invests in U.S. listed equity securities, including depository
receipts, and real estate investment trusts.
For risks related to such strategies, please see Item 8 below.
V. C-BoS Overview C-BoS provides JPMS clients with access to JPMPI portfolio managers who provide discretionary
investment management services in client separately managed accounts. Clients in C-BoS may select the
Customized Municipal Bond Portfolio (“C-MAP”) and Customized Taxable Bond Portfolio (“C-TAX”)
strategies, which are limited to initial investments in certain fixed income securities, and the Customized
Preferreds Portfolio (“C-PREP”) strategy, which is limited to initial investments in certain preferred
securities and deferrable subordinated debt securities. Below are general descriptions of the advisory
services for the C-BoS strategies.
• The C-MAP strategy seeks to earn an income stream that is largely or fully exempt from federal
as well as certain state and local income taxes, while focusing on capital preservation. The portfolio
manager generally takes a “buy and hold” approach (with the general intention to hold the bonds
to maturity) while maintaining ongoing credit oversight. As a result, the bonds in the portfolio
generally are not actively traded. The proceeds from maturing bonds are generally reinvested into
new bond positions. Although C-MAP generally takes a “buy and hold” approach, a portfolio
manager in its discretion can decide to sell a bond for any of the following reasons: the credit team
determines that the bonds are no longer a desirable investment (a “credit call”), the portfolio
manager restructures an account to better align with its guidelines, or the client requests a sale
(e.g., to raise cash or recognize a taxable gain or loss, as applicable). Clients can customize the
municipal bond portfolios by selecting a duration range, a minimum credit rating, and a state
preference, if any, as well as additional customizations (see Item 4.C for more information).
• The C-TAX strategy includes customized taxable investment grade bonds with the option to also
include high yield bonds that seek to generate income. The portfolio manager generally takes a
“buy and hold” approach (with the general intention to hold the bonds to maturity) while maintaining
ongoing credit oversight. As a result, the bonds in the portfolio generally are not actively
traded. The proceeds from maturing bonds are generally reinvested into new bond
positions. Although C-TAX generally takes a “buy and hold” approach, a portfolio manager in its
discretion can decide to sell a bond for any of the following reasons: the credit team determines
that the bonds are no longer a desirable investment (a “credit call”), the portfolio manager
restructures an account to better align with its guidelines, or the client requests a sale (e.g., to
raise cash or recognize a taxable gain or loss, as applicable). Clients can customize the taxable
investment grade or taxable investment grade and high yield bond portfolios by selecting a duration
range and minimum credit rating, as well as additional customizations (see Item 4.C for more
information).
• The C-PREP strategy seeks primarily to generate income that is higher than traditional fixed
income investments. The portfolio aims to maintain above-moderate exposure to risk of capital
loss in pursuit of this return objective. Consistent with this objective, the portfolio expects to invest
predominately in preferred securities and deferrable subordinated debt securities, which have a
combination of fixed income and equity-like characteristics and associated risks. The portfolio can
experience equity-like volatility, and the portfolio can be concentrated among a limited number of
issuers and industry sectors and include securities that are below investment grade or unrated.
The portfolio manager can take an active approach in trading securities in the portfolio and can, in
its discretion, sell for a variety of tactical reasons. Clients can customize the portfolios by selecting
from various options as to dividend or coupon type, tax treatment and industry sectors (see Item
4.C for more information). C-PREP is generally closed to new accounts; however, existing C-PREP
clients may add new assets, subject to the terms of the JPMS account minimums.
Based on information provided by the client, JPMS assists the client in selecting an investment strategy
within C-BoS. JPMS (not JPMPI) is responsible for determining whether C-BoS and particular investment
strategies are suitable for a particular client.
JPMS requires clients to open a separate account for each investment strategy selected. In managing a
C-BoS strategy, JPMPI will not consider any assets owned by the client outside of that particular strategy,
including any assets held in other C-BoS accounts.
For related risks of the C-BoS strategy, please see Item 8 below.
Portfolio Management of the C-MAP, C-TAX and C-PREP Strategies Available Through C-BoS
JPMPI acts as the portfolio manager of three strategies in C-BoS: the C-MAP, C-TAX and C-PREP
strategies. JPMPI provides discretionary investment management services to those clients in C-BoS who
select the C-MAP, C-TAX or C-PREP strategies.
JPMPI, as portfolio manager of the C-MAP, C-TAX and C-PREP strategies available through C-BoS, is
responsible for securities selection and portfolio construction. After JPMPI selects securities for the
account, JPMPI will place orders with unaffiliated broker-dealers. In C-BoS, clients authorize and direct
JPMPI to effect transactions for the account(s) directly with unaffiliated broker-dealers, subject to the
portfolio manager’s duty to seek best execution. For these trades, clients will incur a mark-up, mark-down
or spread charged by the other broker-dealer that is not covered by the advisory fee.
VI. MFAP Overview MFAP is a mutual fund and ETF managed account program managed and offered by JPMS. JPMPI, as a
sub-adviser, approves Funds, including Liquid Alternative Funds, eligible for investment through MFAP,
defines target asset allocations, and provides asset allocation ranges for the asset allocation models
(“MFAP Models”). JPMPI does not manage MFAP account assets on a discretionary basis. Instead, each
client directs the investment of their MFAP account assets across each selected asset class into one or
more Funds. Each MFAP Model consists of Funds in several asset classes. Depending on the MFAP
Model selected, clients may choose one or more Funds in each asset class. Each asset class in an MFAP
Model has a specified allocation range and the client designates the specific asset allocation percentage
desired for each asset class. JPMS (not JPMPI) is responsible for determining whether an MFAP Model,
the allowable ranges in each MFAP Model, and the individual Funds in MFAP are suitable for each client.
Clients of MFAP should review the applicable prospectuses for Funds for additional information.
Funds available through MFAP include both J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and non-J.P. Morgan Funds.
VII. Fund and SMA Manager Research
JPMPI’s manager solutions team provides two types of research on Funds and SMA Managers.
The first type, the “Qualitative Research Process”, is used by the following programs: JPMCAP, CSP,
Advisory Program - Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies, MFAP, PMP, DFI and SMA Managers
available in STRATIS (except JPMPI). In the Qualitative Research Process, the manager solutions team
conducts a qualitative analysis of Funds and SMA Managers on an ongoing basis. The team reviews the
portfolio manager’s organization, investment process, investment philosophy and performance. The
Qualitative Research Process is described in more detail below in Item 8, “JPMCAP and CSP –
Discretionary Investment Process”.
The second type, the “Systematic Research Process”, is used by certain other J.P. Morgan Securities
advisory programs. In the Systematic Research Process, the manager solutions team uses an internally
developed quantitative screening process to evaluate Funds and SMA Managers on an ongoing basis. This
evaluation reviews the portfolio manager’s organization, investment process, investment philosophy and
performance using only quantitative criteria.
Funds and SMA Managers may be removed from (or no longer be eligible for purchase in) the applicable
J.P. Morgan advisory programs if they do not continue to meet these criteria. Funds and SMA Managers
subject to the Systematic Research Process may also go through the Qualitative Research Process. To the
extent that Fund and SMA Managers are reviewed through both processes, the results of the Qualitative
Research Process will override the results of the Systematic Research Process. For example, if a Fund or
SMA Manager does not meet the required quantitative criteria of the Systematic Research Process, the
manager solutions team may alternatively review and approve it using the Qualitative Research Process,
and the Fund or SMA Manager would then be available in the programs relying on the Systematic Research
Process; also, if a Fund or SMA Manager is terminated under the Qualitative Research Process, it will also
be terminated in programs relying on the Systematic Research Process.
C. Availability of Customized Services for Clients
Clients can place reasonable restrictions on the purchase of certain securities for their accounts, subject
to JPMPI’s acceptance for the Programs (except for MFAP) client accounts. For the Advisory Program¸
JPMPI is only responsible for implementing client-imposed restrictions in the Select Advisory Strategies,
not in any PMP strategies. JPMPI can reject restrictions on client accounts over which its acceptance of
such client restrictions is required if it deems the restriction to be unreasonable. Any restrictions on the
management of a client account will likely cause the account to perform differently than the account would
perform without the restrictions. For client accounts that can hold Funds, clients cannot prohibit or restrict
JPMPI from investing in specific securities or types of securities that are held within any Fund.
C-BoS - Availability of Customized Services for Clients
In C-BoS, all accounts are customized to the individual client’s investment objectives. The types of
restrictions available to clients can vary depending on whether the client participates in C-BoS through the
Chase Investments or J.P. Morgan Securities business of JPMS. In C-MAP, clients have the ability to
select a duration range, a minimum credit rating and a state preference, if any. In addition, for C-MAP
accounts, clients also have the ability to restrict the portfolio managers from purchasing bonds from one
individual state. In C-TAX, clients have the ability to select a duration range and a minimum credit rating.
The credit rating parameters that each client selects for a particular C-MAP or C-TAX account only apply
at the time the portfolio manager initially purchases a particular bond for that account. The portfolio
manager in its discretion may or may not liquidate such investments upon a credit rating downgrade. As a
result, a C-MAP or C-TAX account may hold bonds to maturity despite a credit rating below the client-
selected parameter. In C-PREP, clients have the ability to select from various options with respect to
dividend or coupon type, tax treatment and industry sectors. Collectively, all of the customizations are
considered to be a “Customized Portfolio”.
During the course of the portfolio management of a client account, a client may change its Customized
Portfolio within a C-MAP or C-TAX account. Clients may decide whether (i) to presently restructure the
entire C-MAP or C-TAX account based on the parameters of the new Customized Portfolio (including a
sale of any current bonds in the account that do not meet the requirements of the new Customized Portfolio)
or (ii) to purchase bonds that meet the requirements of the new Customized Portfolio only as existing bonds
mature in the C-MAP or C-TAX account. If the client does not elect for (i) or (ii) as previously described,
the portfolio manager will apply option (ii) as a default. Immediately restructuring the entire account to the
new Customized Portfolio can result in taxable events upon the sale of positions. Clients should consult
with their own tax adviser to understand any such consequences. However, if the client does not choose
option (i) to presently restructure the C-MAP or C-TAX account, the client portfolio may hold positions that
are not in line with the parameters of the new Customized Portfolio.
During the course of the portfolio management of a client account, a client may change its Customized
Portfolio within a C-PREP account. For a C-PREP account, clients can only presently restructure an entire
C-PREP account based on the parameters of the new Customized Portfolio (including a sale of any current
securities in the account that do not meet the requirements of the new Customized Portfolio subject to
market liquidity and other market conditions). Immediately restructuring the entire account to the new
Customized Portfolio can result in taxable events upon the sale of positions. Clients should consult with
their own tax adviser to understand any such consequences.
D. Wrap Fee Programs
Clients pay an annual asset-based fee for the wrap fee programs sponsored by JPMS that cover investment
management, execution, custody and reporting services. JPMS pays JPMPI a portion of the fee for
investment advisory and portfolio management services based on assets of clients invested in the
applicable JPMPI strategy or program. JPMS has primary responsibility for client communications and
services; arranging for payment of JPMPI’s advisory fees on behalf of the client; monitoring and evaluating
JPMPI’s investment advisory services; executing the client’s account transactions; and providing for
custodial services for the client’s assets in exchange for a fee paid by the client. See Item 5 for more
information of other fees. For C-BoS, clients will also incur costs for trading away (see “C-BoS and Fixed
Income SMA Managers - Trading Away and Associated Costs” in Item 5.C for more information).
JPMPI is responsible for making investment decisions regarding the selection of investments and the total
amount of securities bought and sold for accounts, and can do so without consultation with clients. Clients
generally authorize JPMS and JPMPI to effect transactions, subject to the duty to seek best execution.
JPMS will ordinarily provide clearing, settlement, and custodial services with respect to transactions and
assets in accounts.
The same JPMPI portfolio managers who manage JPMS accounts also manage other accounts for JPMCB
which have the same or substantially similar investment objectives and follow the same or similar strategies
to those of JPMS accounts (“JPMCB Accounts”). JPMS accounts may not be handled identically to JPMCB
Accounts. For certain Programs (as an example C-BoS), the program fee for clients is different than the
program fee for JPMCB Accounts. Individual JPMCB Accounts generally have more assets than individual
JPMS accounts. Therefore, JPMCB receives more gross compensation with respect to JPMCB Accounts
than JPMS and JPMPI receive from JPMS accounts. The portfolio managers have a potential conflict of
interest by having an incentive to favor these JPMCB Accounts when, for example, determining time spent
managing such accounts, placing securities transactions or when allocating securities to clients. In addition,
for C-BoS, JPMCB does not charge fees to JPMCB Accounts on uninvested cash; however, JPMS charges
fees to JPMS accounts based upon the market value of all assets held in a JPMS account (including cash
and cash alternatives) (see Item 5.B). JPMPI has policies and procedures designed to ensure that all client
accounts are treated fairly (see Item 12.B).
See Items 10 and 11 for more information on material conflicts of interest relating to JPMPI’s advisory
services.
Information Regarding Retirement Accounts
Retirement accounts can be restricted from investing in Funds that have a certain relationship with J.P.
Morgan. As a result, performance of retirement accounts would differ from non-retirement accounts.
E. Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2018, JPMPI had regulatory assets under management of approximately: (i)
$41,179,565,798 in JPMCAP on a discretionary basis, (ii) $36,802,023,315 in CSP on a discretionary basis,
(iii) $11,718,987,525 in the Select Advisory Strategies on a discretionary basis, (iv) $58,919,234 in STRATIS
on a discretionary basis, (v) $1,975,581,389 in C-BoS on a discretionary basis, and (vi) $31,780,999 in
MFAP on a discretionary basis and $23,662,741,079 in MFAP on a non-discretionary basis.
Outside of the Programs listed in this Brochure, as of December 31, 2018, JPMPI had additional regulatory
assets under management of approximately $19,405,585,463 on a discretionary basis.
Thus, as of December 31, 2018, the total amount of regulatory assets under management by JPMPI on a
discretionary basis is approximately $111,172,443,723 and $23,662,741,079 on a non-discretionary basis.
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Fees and Compensation A. Advisory Fees and Compensation
JPMCAP, CSP and MFAP JPMS pays to JPMPI a portion of the fees JPMS receives from clients for JPMCAP, CSP and MFAP. The
fees paid to JPMPI range from a minimum of 0.02% to a maximum of 0.06% of assets under management.
For JPMCAP and CSP, clients eligible for and who have elected to invest in securities through SMA
Managers also pay a separate fee for those SMA Managers. Clients may be able to negotiate the advisory
fee with JPMS.
Advisory Program JPMS pays to JPMPI a fee, which is 0.45% annually, for the Single-Manager Select Advisory Strategies.
Clients do not pay a separate fee to JPMPI for the Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies, but will incur
a separate fee for Model Managers in the portfolios of the selected Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategy.
JPMS also pays to JPMPI a share of the JPMS advisory fee, equal to 0.20% of the total assets, in return
for certain investment advisory, portfolio management, research and implementation services JPMPI
performs for the Advisory Program. For retirement accounts where fees to affiliates are waived, JPMS
generally shares with JPMPI a portion of the advisory fees it receives for the account. Clients may be able
to negotiate the advisory fee with JPMS.
STRATIS JPMS pays to JPMPI a fee, which is 0.45% annually, for the strategies in STRATIS managed by JPMPI.
Clients may be able to negotiate the advisory fee with JPMS.
C-BoS JPMS pays to JPMPI a fee, which is 0.12% annually, for C-MAP, C-TAX and C-PREP. Clients may be able
to negotiate the advisory fee with JPMS.
DFI JPMS pays to JPMPI a portion of the fees JPMS receives from clients for DFI for research services. The
fees paid to JPMPI range from a minimum of 0.02% to a maximum of 0.06% of assets under management.
Clients may be able to negotiate the advisory fee with JPMS.
B. Payment of Fees
Chase Investments - JPMCAP, CSP, Advisory Program, C-BoS and MFAP JPMS (Chase Investments) deducts fees from client accounts monthly in arrears based upon the market
value of all assets held in the account on the last business day of the prior month.
Clients in these Programs should review their investment advisory contracts of the wrap program or contact
Chase Investments regarding fees and billing arrangements.
J.P. Morgan Securities – JPMCAP, STRATIS and C-BoS JPMS (J.P. Morgan Securities) deducts fees from client accounts each calendar quarter in advance based
upon the market value of all assets held in the account on the last business day of the preceding calendar
quarter.
J.P. Morgan Securities will be responsible for refunds if participation in these Programs is terminated before
the end of the billing period. Clients in these Programs should review their investment advisory contracts
of the wrap program or contact J.P. Morgan Securities regarding arrangements for refunds of pre-paid fees,
fees and billing arrangements.
C. Additional Fees and Expenses
The wrap fee clients pay to JPMS does not include Fund fees and expenses, transfer taxes, electronic fund
and wire transfer fees, IRA and retirement plan account fees, margin interest, ADR related fees, or any
other fees that would reasonably be assessed to a brokerage account. In addition, the wrap fee paid to
JPMS does not cover certain costs or charges that can be imposed by JPMS or third parties, including
costs associated with exchanging foreign currencies, borrowing fees on short sales, odd-lot differentials,
activity assessment fees, exchange fees, postage fees, auction fees, foreign clearing, settlement and
custodial fees, and other fees or taxes required by law. Further, the wrap fee does not cover “dealer
spreads” that JPMS or its affiliates or other broker-dealers receive when acting as principal in certain
transactions.
Funds pay fees and expenses that are ultimately borne by clients (including but not limited to management
fees, brokerage costs, and administration and custody fees). Additionally, Funds held in an account have
annual investment advisory expenses, so clients incur two levels of investment management fees: one
indirectly in the form of an investment management fee to the investment adviser of each Fund and one to
JPMS for its and JPMPI’s services rendered. These fees are in addition to any fees paid to JPMS as the
sponsor and any fees received by JPMPI for acting as manager. In addition, JPMS and its affiliates
collectively generally receive greater revenue if J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds or affiliated SMA Managers
are included, and therefore, JPMS and JPMPI have a conflict of interest in including J.P. Morgan Affiliated
Funds or affiliated SMA Managers. See “Use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and SMA Managers and
Potential Conflicts of Interest” in Item 11.B for more information on the use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds
and affiliated SMA Managers.
In choosing to open a wrap account, wrap clients should also be aware that JPMPI offers a variety of
investment strategies that will, at various times, experience higher or lower portfolio "turnover” of investment
securities held in the portfolio. Wrap clients investing in a strategy during a period with lower investment
turnover would in turn find themselves paying a disproportionately high fee for execution services as part
of their bundled fee arrangement, relative to if they were paying brokerage on a per transaction basis due
to the low turnover of securities held within a strategy.
In managing the Programs (except for MFAP), JPMPI will generally place orders for client accounts with
JPMS for execution because the wrap fee paid by each client includes commissions and certain transaction
charges on trades executed through JPMS. JPMPI may execute trades through a broker-dealer other than
JPMS (including in transactions referred to as “step-out” transactions) when JPMPI reasonably believes
doing so will allow it to seek best execution. This can include, for example, situations where JPMPI believes
that any added transaction or other charges of trading through another broker-dealer can be offset by a
more favorable execution offered by that broker-dealer. For orders placed with broker-dealers other than
JPMS, the trade confirmation issued by JPMS will typically show a price for the traded security that is
inclusive (i.e., net) of the commission, commission equivalent (mark-up/mark-down), or other charge paid
by the client to the other broker-dealer. Unless JPMPI provides JPMS with the appropriate information on
a timely basis, the amount of any such additional costs typically will not be broken out or otherwise shown
separately on the trade confirmations JPMS provides. For more information on trades away from JPMS,
refer to additional disclosures on the JPMS separate website, available at www.chase.com/managed-
account-disclosures.
To the extent that any securities or other assets used to establish a wrap account are sold to bring the
account into alignment with the investment strategy selected by the client, the client will be responsible for
payment of any taxes due. Clients should consult their tax adviser or accountant regarding the tax treatment
of their account under a wrap program.
In certain instances, wrap clients may request to engage in trades intended to capture additional capital
gains or offset a capital gains tax liability. Such tax harvesting trades are subject to the sponsors or JPMPI’s
policies regarding minimum size of the trade, timing and format of the request. Account trading may be
limited, depending on strategy and the maximum amount of losses permitted in an account. Generally, if
the policies are satisfied, tax harvesting trades are processed on a best efforts basis. Tax harvesting trades
typically receive a lower priority than cash flow trades, trades to fund new accounts, trades to liquidate
securities in connection with account terminations and block trades. As such, there may be a delay between
a wrap client’s tax harvesting request and its execution, and requests received after a communicated
deadline, may not be executed before year end.
C-BoS and Fixed Income SMA Managers - Trading Away and Associated Costs
The advisory fee does not cover brokerage commissions or other charges resulting from transactions not
effected through JPMS or its affiliates. In managing the accounts, JPMPI will place orders for client
accounts with broker-dealers other than JPMS and other affiliates due to JPMPI’s regulatory requirement
to avoid principal transactions and the nature of the market for fixed income and preferred securities. Fixed
income and preferred securities are primarily traded in dealer markets. These securities are directly
purchased from or sold to a financial services firm acting as a dealer (or principal). A dealer executing such
trades generally will include a mark-up (on securities it sells), a mark-down (on securities it buys) or a
spread (the difference between the price it will buy, or “bid,” for the security and the price at which it will sell,
or “ask,” for the security) in the net price at which transactions are executed. The bid and ask are prices
quoted by the dealer, so clients should understand that a dealer’s bid price would be the price at which a
client is selling their security, and the dealer’s ask price would be the price at which a client is buying the
security. These transaction fees (i.e., mark-ups, mark-downs or spreads charged by unaffiliated broker-
dealers) are not included in the advisory fee that clients pay to JPMS. Clients should carefully consider
these additional trading costs before selecting C-BoS or any fixed income SMA Manager.
When portfolio managers place orders with broker-dealers other than JPMS, the trade confirmation issued
by JPMS with the details of the trade shows a price for the traded security that is inclusive (i.e., net) of the
mark-up or mark-down paid by the client to the other broker-dealer, but it does not break out or otherwise
show the amount of the mark-up or mark-down separately. For more information on trading away, refer to
additional disclosures in the “Trading Away and Associated Costs” section on the JPMS separate websites,
available at www.chase.com/managed-account-disclosures and
www.jpmorgansecurities.com/pages/am/securities/legal/investment-managers-trading-away-practices.
D. Prepayment of Fees
For JPMCAP, STRATIS and C-BoS, J.P. Morgan Securities (but not Chase Investments) deducts fees from
client accounts each calendar quarter in advance based upon the market value of all assets held in a
JPMCAP, STRATIS or C-BoS account (including all cash and cash alternatives) on the last business day
of the preceding calendar quarter. If the client agreement is terminated prior to the last day of the quarter,
a pro rata portion of the quarterly fee paid in advance, based on the number of days remaining in the
quarter after the termination date, will be refunded to clients.
E. Additional Compensation and Conflicts of Interest
Neither JPMPI nor any of its supervised persons accepts compensation for the sale of securities or other
investment products, including asset-based sales charges or service fees from the sale of Funds.
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Types of Clients JPMS offers and sells the Programs to individuals, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, corporations
and other business entities. Except for CSP, STRATIS and C-BoS, the Programs are available to certain
types of retirement accounts subject to ERISA. The only retirement accounts in CSP are legacy clients.
Additionally in STRATIS, investment companies, banks, thrift institutions, and qualified retirement plans
subject Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 generally are not permitted.
Except for MFAP, the Programs are not intended for investors who seek to maintain control over trading in
their account. The Programs are not intended for investors who have a short-term time horizon (or expect
ongoing and significant withdrawals), or who expect or desire to maintain consistently high levels of cash
or money market funds.
JPMS has established account minimum requirements for client accounts, which vary based on the
investment strategy. Minimums are subject to waiver or reduction in JPMS’ discretion and are waived for
certain client accounts from time to time. If a Program account falls below the Program minimum, JPMS
can terminate the Program account at its discretion.
To open or maintain an account, clients are required to sign an investment advisory agreement with JPMS
that stipulates the terms under which JPMPI is authorized to act on behalf of the client to manage the
assets listed in the agreement.
JPMCAP
Participation in JPMCAP generally requires a minimum $10,000 investment. Currently, JPMS requires a
minimum $250,000 investment to invest in Liquid Alternative Funds, and a minimum $750,000 investment
to invest in other securities through Model Managers.
CSP
CSP is soft closed, but participation in CSP generally requires a minimum $50,000 investment. Currently,
JPMS requires a minimum $500,000 investment to invest in other securities through SMA Managers.
Advisory Program
Participation in the Advisory Program generally requires a minimum $50,000 investment for Multi-Manager
Select Advisory Strategies and a minimum $100,000 investment for Single-Manager Select Advisory
Strategies.
STRATIS
Participation in STRATIS generally requires a minimum $100,000 investment.
C-BoS
Participation in the C-MAP strategy available through C-BoS generally requires a minimum $1,000,000
investment; however, clients can also invest in a version of the C-MAP strategy that offers three options to
invest in either national, New York or California bonds, where the minimum amount required to open such
an account is typically $500,000 (“C-MAP Select”). Participation in the C-TAX strategy available through
C-BoS generally requires a minimum $500,000 or $1,000,000 investment depending on credit quality.
Participation in the C-PREP strategy available through C-BoS generally requires a minimum $500,000
investment.
MFAP
Participation in MFAP generally requires a minimum $50,000 investment.
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Methods of Analysis, Investment Strategies and Risk of Loss A. Method of Analysis
JPMPI utilizes different methods of analysis that are tailored for each of the investment strategies and
Programs it offers its clients. Set forth below are the primary methods of analysis that JPMPI utilizes in
formulating investment advice or managing assets.
Description of Investment Strategies See Item 4.B above for descriptions of each Program’s investment strategies.
JPMCAP and CSP - Discretionary Investment Process JPMPI is responsible for determining asset allocation, selecting Funds and SMA Managers, determining
portfolio construction, and evaluating investment strategies on an ongoing basis subject to the oversight of,
and pursuant to, an investment policy statement approved by JPMS.
Asset Allocation Process
JPMPI is responsible for establishing and updating the overall strategic and tactical asset allocations for
the investment strategies. This process includes several internal forums. These asset allocations generally
are the overall basis for the process described below. The JPMPI personnel who perform these functions
are shared with JPMCB and perform substantially similar services for other clients. JPMPI periodically
reviews the asset allocation and performance of the investment strategies with JPMS. A wealth
management internal governance forum periodically reviews JPMPI’s investment activities.
Research Process
JPMPI’s manager solutions team conducts due diligence of the Funds and SMA Managers that are
available for use. The manager solutions team is responsible for researching and selecting Funds and SMA
Managers, and for subjecting them to a review process. The manager solutions team will begin the search
process by defining an applicable universe of investment strategies, which typically will include J.P. Morgan
investment strategies when there is one in the desired asset class. The manager solutions team utilizes
both quantitative and qualitative factors during its initial review process.
The manager solutions team then makes a formal presentation recommending particular Funds and SMA
Managers to an internal governance forum, which is responsible for approving or rejecting them (see “Initial
Strategy Review and Approval” below). The manager solutions team is also responsible for monitoring and
re-evaluating approved Funds and SMA Managers as part of its ongoing review process (see “Ongoing
Review of Approved Strategies” below).
Initial Strategy Review and Approval
The internal governance forum considers the formal presentation from the manager solutions team and
approves or rejects new Funds and SMA Managers to be made available for JPMPI’s use in the Programs.
The internal governance forum is expected to consider the same factors in its review and approval process
for J.P. Morgan and non–J.P. Morgan investment strategies, as further described above under “Research
Process.”
Ongoing Review of Approved Strategies
Another internal governance forum is responsible for making decisions to maintain Funds and SMA
Managers as approved and available for the Programs. This forum considers analysis and
recommendations from the manager solutions team. From time to time, this internal governance forum
may place them on probation, or terminate them as part of its ongoing monitoring and oversight
responsibilities. The factors considered by the forum are expected to be the same for J.P. Morgan and
non–J.P. Morgan investment strategies, as further described above under “Research Process.” In addition,
JPMPI may be limited from making additional purchases of a Fund due to capacity considerations.
If a Fund or SMA Manager that is in the Programs is placed on probation, during the probation period, the
manager solutions team will continue to review the Fund or SMA Manager.
Portfolio Construction
From the pool of approved strategies, JPMPI selects the combination of Funds and SMA Managers that, in
its view, fit each investment strategy’s asset allocation goals and investment objectives. In making portfolio
construction decisions, JPMPI will consider and is permitted to prefer J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds, including
the Six Circles Funds, and affiliated SMA Managers.
JPMPI also may, for portfolio construction reasons, remove a Fund or SMA Manager from the Programs.
If a Fund or SMA Manager that is in the Programs is placed on probation, it will generally continue to be
held in clients’ accounts, but generally JPMPI may not direct new or additional purchases of such Fund or
SMA Manager for client accounts until the Fund or SMA Manager is removed from probation. Generally, a
Fund or SMA Manager that is terminated will be sold in a client’s account and JPMPI will not direct new
purchases.
If JPMPI removes a Fund or SMA Manager, the assets held in client accounts will be sold and replaced,
when appropriate, with another Fund or SMA Manager that is available for use in the Programs.
JPMCAP and CSP - Allocation to J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds
JPMPI can allocate a portion of the assets in JPMCAP and CSP to J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds. That
portion varies depending on market or other conditions. There are multiple models in each of the investment
strategies available in JPMCAP and CSP. Certain models invest only in mutual funds and ETFs, while
other models utilize SMA Managers and/or Liquid Alternative Funds (only for JPMCAP accounts).
The following charts illustrate, as of the date indicated, the allocation of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds
(excluding Six Circles Funds), non–J.P. Morgan Funds, Six Circles Funds, and J.P. Morgan cash for
JPMCAP taxable and retirement models. The charts do not reflect models that elect not to use J.P. Morgan
Affiliated Funds, models that elect only Index Oriented Vehicles, or models that utilize Liquid Alternative
Funds (other than the Aggressive Growth investment strategy because all Aggressive Growth investment
strategies include Liquid Alternative Funds), Model Managers, or municipal fixed income options.
JPMCAP- Taxable Models As of December 31, 2018 Investment Strategy J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds Non-J.P. Morgan Funds Six Circles Funds J.P. Morgan Cash Conservative 6.00% 88.00% 5.00% 1.00%
Balanced 12.75% 79.75% 6.50% 1.00%
Growth 9.75% 82.25% 7.00% 1.00%
Aggressive Growth 14.00% 74.50% 10.50% 1.00%
Managed Fixed Income 15.00% 84.00% 0.00% 1.00%
Managed Equities 5.00% 94.00% 0.00% 1.00%
JPMCAP- Retirement Models* As of December 31, 2018 Investment Strategy J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds Non-J.P. Morgan Funds Six Circles Funds J.P. Morgan Cash Conservative 7.50% 83.50% 8.00% 1.00%
Balanced 12.00% 76.00% 11.00% 1.00%
Growth 8.00% 78.00% 13.00% 1.00%
Aggressive Growth 12.00% 72.00% 15.00% 1.00%
Managed Fixed Income 15.00% 84.00% 0.00% 1.00%
Managed Equities 8.00% 91.00% 0.00% 1.00%
* J.P. Morgan Securities retirement accounts are currently restricted from investing in JPMCAP models utilizing
J.P. Morgan Funds. However, the vehicle for the temporary investment (i.e., “sweeping”) of available cash
balances for J.P. Morgan Securities retirement account will be a J.P. Morgan option unless a client elects to
select a non-J.P. Morgan cash option.
The following charts illustrate, as of the date indicated, the allocation of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds
(excluding Six Circles Funds), non–J.P. Morgan Funds, Six Circles Funds and J.P. Morgan cash for CSP
taxable and retirement models. The charts do not reflect models that utilize SMA Managers (the only
available SMA Managers are affiliated with JPMPI), or municipal fixed income options.
CSP - Taxable Models As of December 31, 2018 Investment Strategy J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds Non-J.P. Morgan Funds Six Circles Funds J.P. Morgan Cash Conservative 11.30% 82.70% 5.00% 1.00%
Moderate 14.40% 78.10% 6.50% 1.00%
Moderate Growth 11.90% 80.60% 6.50% 1.00%
Growth 9.00% 83.00% 7.00% 1.00%
Aggressive Growth 4.00% 95.00% 0.00% 1.00%
Fixed Income Focused 9.50% 86.00% 3.50% 1.00%
CSP - Retirement Models As of December 31, 2018 Investment Strategy J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds Non-J.P. Morgan Funds Six Circles Funds J.P. Morgan Cash Conservative 13.00% 78.00% 8.00% 1.00%
Moderate 15.10% 72.90% 11.00% 1.00%
Moderate Growth 11.70% 76.30% 11.00% 1.00%
Growth 8.00% 78.00% 13.00% 1.00%
Aggressive Growth 7.50% 91.50% 0.00% 1.00%
Fixed Income Focused 10.00% 84.00% 5.00% 1.00%
The prior composition of investment strategies in JPMCAP and CSP is not intended to predict the future
composition of investment strategies or use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds in JPMCAP and CSP.
Allocations shown here are illustrative only, do not necessarily represent actual use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated
Funds and non-J.P. Morgan Funds represented in any particular client’s account, and may change without
notice. JPMPI is not required to adhere to the illustrative allocations pictured here. The allocations in any
particular client’s account will depend on, among other things, the investment strategy selected, client
elections (such as Index Oriented Vehicles or non-J.P. Morgan Funds and unaffiliated Model Managers for
JPMCAP), client asset level, reasonable restrictions placed by clients on the management of an account,
and other factors. Each client should review account opening documentation, confirmations, and quarterly
and annual statements for more information about the actual allocation in his or her account.
Advisory Program – Discretionary Investment Process
Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies - JPMPI’s Investment Strategy Selection Process
JPMPI, as portfolio manager of the Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies, is responsible for portfolio
construction, including selecting Funds and Model Managers for these Strategies. For the Multi-Manager
Select Advisory Strategies, JPMPI expects to generally follow a similar process as the one described under
“Research Process,” “Initial Strategy Review and Approval,” “Ongoing Review of Approved Strategies” and
“Portfolio Construction” in “JPMCAP and CSP - Discretionary Investment Process” of this Item 8.
For Sustainable Fixed Income Strategy and Sustainable Equity Strategy, ESG factors may be
considered. ESG refers to the following:
• Environmental: Environmental factors involve evaluating the way a company uses its resources
and sets policies to limit its environmental impact and protect the environment.
• Social: Social factors focus on the way in which a company seeks to create value through its
relationships with employees, suppliers, its customers and the communities in which it does
business.
• Governance: Governance factors involve the accountability of a company’s management to its
shareholders, a company’s practices regarding business ethics, as well as a company’s
responsibility to society.
Because investing on the basis of sustainability/ESG criteria can involve qualitative and subjective
analysis, there can be no assurance that the methodology utilized by, or determinations made by, JPMPI
will align with the beliefs or values of a particular investor.
Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies - Allocation to J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds
JPMPI can allocate a portion of the assets in Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies to J.P. Morgan
Affiliated Funds. That portion varies depending on market or other conditions. There are multiple
investment strategies available in Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies. Certain investment strategies
invest only in mutual funds and ETFs, while other investment strategies also utilize Model Managers.
The following chart illustrates, as of the date indicated, the allocation of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds
(excluding Six Circles Funds), non–J.P. Morgan Funds, Six Circles Funds, and J.P. Morgan cash for Multi-
Manager Select Advisory Strategy. The chart does not reflect strategies that utilize Model Managers.
Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies As of December 31, 2018 Investment Strategy J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds Non-J.P. Morgan Funds Six Circles Funds J.P. Morgan Cash Absolute Return Fixed Income Strategy 8.72% 88.36% 0.00% 2.92%
Dynamic Multi-Asset Strategy 11.36% 84.85% 0.00% 3.79%
Dynamic Yield Strategy 0.00% 95.92% 0.00% 4.08%
Emerging Markets Growth and Income 14.62% 82.61% 0.00% 2.77%
Global Opportunistic Equity Strategy 2.99% 90.76% 0.00% 6.25%
The prior composition of investment strategies in Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies is not intended
to predict the future composition of investment strategies or use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds in Multi-
Manager Select Advisory Strategies. Allocations shown here are illustrative only, do not necessarily
represent actual use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and non-J.P. Morgan Funds represented in any
particular client’s account, and may change without notice. JPMPI is not required to adhere to the illustrative
allocations pictured here. The allocations in any particular client’s account will depend on, among other
things, the investment strategy selected, client elections, client asset level, reasonable restrictions placed
by clients on the management of an account, and other factors. Each client should review account opening
documentation, confirmations, and quarterly and annual statements for more information about the actual
allocation in his or her account.
Single-Manager Select Advisory Strategies - Methods of Analysis
JPMPI, as portfolio manager, is responsible for securities selection and determining portfolio construction.
JPMPI conducts research by reviewing a variety of factors and conditions in order to select securities seen
as attractive opportunities that are consistent with the Select Advisory Strategy’s investment guidelines and
portfolio objectives. Factors include, but are not limited to a review of appropriate economic conditions,
company specific observations and current financial market conditions. Economic considerations might
include economic growth rates, interest rates, state of employment, and the prospects for changes in
government policies. Company considerations might include a review of existing or future product or
services, the management team and its strategy, and a review of a company’s financial position and
resources. Market considerations might include analysis of valuation, investor positioning, hedging activity,
and depth and breadth of trading activity. JPMPI regularly reexamines the underlying investment theses for
each security to confirm if the expectations that justified inclusion or exclusion to the portfolio are developing
as expected and will adjust the portfolio’s holdings accordingly based on that review.
Single-Manager Select Advisory Strategies - JPMPI Review Process
The Single-Manager Select Advisory Strategies are subject to an initial and ongoing internal review process
by JPMPI. This is different from the review process applied by JPMPI to other SMA Managers, and does
not involve JPMPI’s manager solutions team, or follow the same governance procedure for placing a
strategy on probation or terminating ongoing monitoring and oversight responsibilities for a strategy.
However, JPMPI does have a process for taking action on the Single-Manager Select Advisory Strategies
if warranted as a result of its ongoing internal review process.
PMP - Research Services
See “Additional Research Services” in this Item 8 below for more information regarding PMP.
Potential Conflicts of Interest in the Research and Review of the Select Advisory Strategies and PMP
Strategies
For the Advisory Program, JPMPI may recommend to JPMS strategies managed by JPMPI, JPMIM, or
unaffiliated third parties. JPMPI has an incentive to recommend its own and affiliated investment strategies
to JPMS because J.P. Morgan receives more overall revenue when these strategies are chosen by clients
(except for the Six Circles Funds). Similarly, with respect to manager termination, JPMPI has a greater
incentive to recommend that JPMS terminate unaffiliated third-party managers from the Advisory Program,
particularly where the manager’s strategy is similar to one offered by JPMPI or JPMIM.
In addition, with respect to the JPMPI-investment strategies (i.e., the Select Advisory Strategies), the internal
review process that JPMPI follows in recommending a manager to JPMS does not include a process to
identify an applicable universe of investment strategies. As a result, there may be one or more strategies
managed by affiliates or third parties that outperform the Select Advisory Strategies made available to
Advisory Program clients.
STRATIS - Discretionary Investment Process
Methods of Analysis
JPMPI, as portfolio manager of certain STRATIS strategies, is responsible for securities selection and
determining portfolio construction. JPMPI conducts research by reviewing a variety of factors and conditions
in order to select securities seen as attractive opportunities that are consistent with the relevant strategy’s
investment guidelines and portfolio objectives. Factors include, but are not limited to a review of appropriate
economic conditions, company specific observations and current financial market conditions. Economic
considerations might include economic growth rates, interest rates, state of employment, and the prospects
for changes in government policies. Company considerations might include a review of existing or future
product or services, the management team and its strategy, and a review of a company’s financial position
and resources. Market considerations might include analysis of valuation, investor positioning, hedging
activity, and depth and breadth of trading activity. JPMPI regularly reexamines the underlying investment
theses for each security to confirm if the expectations that justified inclusion or exclusion to the portfolio are
developing as expected and will adjust the portfolio’s holdings accordingly based on that review.
JPMPI Review Process
The STRATIS strategies managed by JPMPI are not subject to the same review process as other portfolio
managers in STRATIS and their strategies and are instead subject to an initial and ongoing internal review
process by JPMPI. This is different from the review process applied by JPMPI to other SMA Managers,
and does not involve JPMPI’s manager solutions team, or follow the same governance procedure for
placing a strategy on probation or terminating ongoing monitoring and oversight responsibilities for a
strategy. However, JPMPI does have a process for taking action on the relevant strategy if warranted as a
result of its ongoing internal review process.
Potential Conflicts of Interest in J.P. Morgan’s Research and Review
For STRATIS, JPMS may consider strategies managed by JPMPI, a J.P. Morgan affiliate, or unaffiliated
third parties, and will rely on a J.P. Morgan conducted review of portfolio managers and respective
investment strategies. JPMS has a conflict in making JPMPI and JPMIM-investment strategies available
in STRATIS or has a conflict in terminating such strategies because J.P. Morgan receives more overall
revenue when these strategies are chosen by clients.
In addition, with respect to the JPMPI-investment strategies (i.e., the STRATIS strategies) the internal
review process that J.P. Morgan follows in reviewing JPMPI does not include a process to identify an
applicable universe of investment strategies. As a result, there may be one or more strategies managed
by affiliates or third parties that outperform the JPMPI-investment strategies made available in STRATIS.
C-BoS - Discretionary Investment Process JPMPI provides discretionary investment management services to those clients in C-BoS who select one
or more of the C-MAP, C-TAX and C-PREP strategies, as described in Item 4.B. Portfolio managers identify
specific securities to use and construct portfolios to implement investment views within the C-MAP, C-TAX
and C-PREP strategies that reflect the portfolio manager’s investment view within the strategy’s investment
guidelines and portfolio objectives. Such securities include those purchased directly from the issuer (a
“Primary Offering”) as well as those traded after the issuer has sold all of a Primary Offering (the “Secondary
Market”).
Methods of Analysis
JPMPI generally manages C-MAP and C-TAX accounts following a “buy and hold” approach, with the
general intention of holding bonds to maturity while maintaining credit oversight. The portfolio manager for
C-PREP can take an active approach in trading securities in the portfolio while maintaining credit oversight
and can, in its discretion, sell for a variety of tactical reasons. This process for C-MAP, C-TAX and C-PREP
involves a team that consists of experienced research analysts, traders and portfolio managers. JPMPI’s
investment process is research driven with a focus on fundamental analysis. The research process involves
both qualitative and quantitative processes to evaluate issuers and securities. The team monitors portfolio
positions and credit fundamentals. An internal governance forum provides ongoing oversight.
JPMPI Review Process
C-BoS is subject to an initial and ongoing internal review process by JPMPI. This is different from the
review process applied by JPMPI to the JPMIM DFI strategies described below, and does not involve
JPMPI’s manager solutions team, or follow the same governance procedure for placing a strategy on
probation or terminating ongoing monitoring and oversight responsibilities for a strategy. However, JPMPI
does have a process for taking action on C-BoS if warranted as a result of its ongoing internal review
process. With respect to C-BoS, the review process that JPMPI follows does not include a process to
identify an applicable universe of investment strategies. As a result, there may be one or more strategies
managed by affiliates that may outperform C-BoS.
MFAP Non-Discretionary Investment Process JPMPI establishes strategic asset allocation and approved asset allocation ranges for each MFAP Model,
as well as selecting approved Funds in each asset class to be made available to clients for their MFAP
accounts. Clients designate the specific asset allocation percentage desired for each asset class (within
the approved asset allocation ranges). Clients also select one or more Funds in each asset class for their
own accounts from those Funds available in MFAP. JPMPI’s investment activities in MFAP are subject to
the oversight of and pursuant to an investment policy statement approved by JPMS.
In creating strategic asset allocation and approved asset allocation ranges for each MFAP Model, as well
as in selecting Funds to be made available to MFAP clients and with respect to ongoing review of Funds
available through MFAP, JPMPI considers the JPMorgan Long Term Capital Markets Assumptions and
seeks to balance risk and return over a long-term horizon, while providing clients with flexibility to achieve
their desired asset allocations.
JPMS determines the number of Funds in an asset class and the overall design of MFAP. Periodically,
JPMPI reviews with JPMS changes to the MFAP composition, such as Fund additions, terminations,
replacement funds, and soft closures. JPMPI may make a new Fund available to MFAP clients upon
JPMS’s request, if JPMPI seeks to fill a gap in the Funds available in MFAP, or if a Fund is terminated and
there is no appropriate replacement. JPMPI expects to generally follow a similar process as the one
described under “Research Process,” “Initial Strategy Review and Approval,” “Ongoing Review of Approved
Strategies” in “JPMCAP and CSP - Discretionary Investment Process” of this Item 8.
With respect to “Portfolio Construction,” clients select one or more Funds in each asset class for their own
accounts from the Funds available in MFAP. JPMPI may change the asset allocation or approved asset
allocation ranges for an MFAP Model. JPMS will notify affected clients of the changes and perform any re-
balancing to bring their account into conformity.
When a Fund is no longer available in MFAP, the Fund shares held in MFAP accounts will be sold and
replaced with another Fund in the same asset class. When evaluating replacement Funds, JPMPI is
expected to consider the same factors described above and will recommend the replacement Fund to
JPMS. JPMS will notify affected clients of the Fund unavailability in MFAP and of its replacement Fund. A
client who does not approve of the replacement Fund should contact their JPMS investment adviser
representative to select an alternative Fund. The replacement Fund will be sold and the client-selected
Fund will be purchased. Selling the replacement Fund may cause income tax consequences and/or
penalties. At times the only alternative Fund may be a J.P. Morgan Affiliated Fund.
JPMPI's manager solutions team may also recommend that a Fund be soft-closed. A soft-closed Fund will
not be available to new MFAP clients. Existing clients may continue to hold shares and purchase additional
shares of a soft-closed Fund, or they may choose a different Fund in that asset class. If a soft-closed Fund
is reactivated, clients will be notified on their next quarterly performance report, as provided by JPMS. If a
soft-closed Fund is terminated, it will be replaced as described above.
Additional Research Services PMP - JPMPI Research Services
In addition to the portfolio management of the Select Advisory Strategies, JPMS has separately engaged
JPMPI to perform research services regarding the PMP strategies for potential inclusion in the Advisory
Program. The research services that JPMPI performs for JPMS include: (1) recommending PMP strategies
to JPMS for potential inclusion in the Advisory Program; (2) ongoing review of the PMP strategies selected
by JPMS; and (3) recommending that PMP strategies selected by JPMS be placed on probation or removed
from the Advisory Program. The PMP strategies are managed by affiliated portfolio managers, including
JPMIM, and unaffiliated portfolio managers. JPMPI uses its manager solutions team to provide the
research services and make recommendations to JPMS.
In providing the research services for the PMP strategies, JPMPI expects to generally follow a similar
process to the one described under “Research Process,” “Initial Strategy Review and Approval,” and
“Ongoing Review of Approved Strategies” in “JPMCAP and CSP - Discretionary Investment Process” of this
Item 8.
The research services JPMPI provides to JPMS for the PMP strategies are not advisory services and are
not tailored to clients of the Advisory Program. JPMS (not JPMPI) is solely responsible for selecting the
PMP strategies to be made available in the Advisory Program, based upon the information and
recommendations provided by JPMPI’s manager solutions team and such other information and resources
that JPMS deems appropriate.
JPMS (not JPMPI) is solely responsible for determining whether to place a PMP strategy on probation or
to terminate from the Advisory Program. When JPMPI’s manager solutions team’s monitoring process
uncovers a significant concern, it will likely recommend that JPMS place the PMP strategy on probation or
terminate it from the Advisory Program. JPMPI may, however, terminate its research services on a
particular PMP strategy at any time.
DFI - JPMPI Research Services
Chase Investments has separately engaged JPMPI to perform research services regarding DFI. The
research services that JPMPI performs for DFI include: (1) recommending DFI strategies for potential
inclusion in Chase Investments’ Fixed Income Advisory Program; (2) ongoing review of DFI strategies
selected by Chase Investments; and (3) recommending that DFI strategies selected by Chase Investments
be placed on probation or removed.
The research services JPMPI provides to Chase Investments for DFI are not advisory services provided by
JPMPI to clients of DFI. Chase Investments (not JPMPI) is solely responsible for selecting DFI strategies
based upon the information and recommendations provided by JPMPI’s manager solutions team and such
other information and resources that Chase Investments deems appropriate.
B. Material, Significant, or Unusual Risks Relating to Investment Strategies
Clients will generally invest in Funds and/or individual securities. The individual securities held in client
accounts and by Funds generally will include U.S. or foreign equity or fixed income securities.
The following risks are the primary risks associated with the investment strategies and the Programs offered
by JPMPI, as well as the possible risks applicable to client accounts. However, it is impossible to identify
all of the risks associated with investing and the particular risks applicable to a client account will depend
on the nature of the account, its investment strategy or strategies and the types of securities held. For
example, if a client’s investment strategy includes equity investments, the client should review the
subsection “Risks that Apply Primarily to Equity Investments,” and, if the investment strategy includes fixed
income securities, the client should review the subsection “Risks that Apply Primarily to Fixed Income
Investments.” The “General Risks” subsection generally applies to all Programs and investment strategies.
The subsection “Other Miscellaneous Portfolio Risks” contains various other portfolio risks that may or may
not apply to an account depending on the nature of account’s investment strategy and the securities held
in the client account. The subsection “Fund Risks” includes risks that are particularly applicable to Funds.
However, depending on a Fund’s investment strategy the risks found in the other subsections may be
applicable to the Fund. Additional risks specific to certain Programs are also included below.
While JPMPI seeks to manage the accounts, investment strategies and Programs so that risks are
appropriate to the strategy, it is often impossible or not desirable to fully mitigate risks. Any investment
includes the risk of loss and there can be no guarantee that a particular level of return will be achieved.
Clients should understand that they could lose some or all of their investment and should be prepared to
bear the risk of such potential losses. Clients should not rely solely on the descriptions provided below.
Clients should carefully read all applicable informational materials and governing documents prior to
selecting a strategy. Clients are urged to ask questions regarding risk factors applicable to a particular
strategy or investment product, read all product-specific risk disclosures, and determine whether a particular
strategy is suitable for their account in light of their specific circumstances, investment objectives, and
financial situation.
Investing in securities involves risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. The investment performance and success of any particular investment cannot be predicted or guaranteed, and the value of a client’s investments will fluctuate due to market conditions and other factors. Investments are subject to various risks, including but not limited to market, liquidity, currency, economic, and political risks, and will not necessarily be profitable. Past performance of investments is not indicative of future performance. I. General Risks Many of the risks defined below apply to assets within the program accounts or the Fund or SMA Manager.
General Market Risk
Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which
increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or
issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in any one strategy may underperform in comparison to
general financial markets, a particular financial market or other asset classes, due to a number of factors,
including inflation, interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters or
events, terrorism, regulatory events and government controls.
Regulatory Risk There have been recent legislative, tax, and regulatory changes and proposed changes that may impact
the activities of JPMPI, including requirements to provide additional information pertaining to a client
account to the Internal Revenue Service or other taxing authorities. Regulatory changes and restrictions
imposed by regulators, self-regulatory organizations and exchanges vary from country to country and may
affect the value of client investments and their ability to pursue their investment strategies. Any such rules,
regulations and other changes, and any uncertainty in respect of their implementation, may result in
increased costs, reduced profit margins and reduced investment and trading opportunities, all of which
would negatively impact performance.
Cyber Security Risk As the use of technology has become more prevalent in the course of business, J.P. Morgan has become
more susceptible to operational and financial risks associated with cyber security, including: theft, loss,
misuse, improper release, corruption and destruction of, or unauthorized access to, confidential or highly
restricted data relating to J.P. Morgan and its clients, and compromises or failures to systems, networks,
devices and applications relating to the operations of J.P. Morgan and its service providers. Cyber security
risks may result in financial losses to J.P. Morgan and its clients; the inability of J.P. Morgan to transact
business with its clients; delays or mistakes in materials provided to clients; the inability to process
transactions with clients or other parties; violations of privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties
and reputational damage; and compliance and remediation costs, legal fees and other expenses. J.P.
Morgan’s service providers (including any sub-advisers, administrator, transfer agent, and custodian or their
agents), financial intermediaries, companies in which client accounts and funds invest and parties with
which J.P. Morgan engages in portfolio or other transactions also may be adversely impacted by cyber
security risks in their own businesses, which could result in losses to J.P. Morgan or its clients. While
measures have been developed which are designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security,
there is no guarantee that those measures will be effective, particularly since J.P. Morgan does not directly
control the cyber security defenses or plans of its service providers, financial intermediaries and companies
in which they invest or with which they do business.
Key Personnel Risk If one or more key individuals become unavailable to JPMPI, including any of the portfolio managers of the
investment strategies, who are important to the management of the portfolio’s assets, the portfolio could
suffer material adverse effects, including substantial share redemptions that could require the portfolio to
sell portfolio securities at times when markets are not favorable.
II. Risks that Apply Primarily to Equity Investments When investing in equity securities (such as stocks), or when selecting Funds or SMA Managers that invest
in equity securities, such strategies will be more or less volatile and carry more risks than some other forms
of investment. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of changes in the broad market or
changes in a company’s financial condition, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. These price movements
would result from factors affecting individual companies, sectors or industries selected for a portfolio or the
securities market as a whole, such as changes in economic or political conditions.
When investing in growth equity securities, or when selecting Funds or SMA Managers that invest in growth
equity securities, the portfolio manager attempts to identify companies that it believes will experience rapid
earnings growth relative to value or other types of stocks. The value of these stocks generally is much
more sensitive to current or expected earnings than stocks of other types of companies. Short-term events,
such as a failure to meet industry earnings expectations, can cause dramatic decreases in the growth
stock price compared to other types of stock. Growth stocks may trade at higher multiples of current
earnings compared to value or other stocks, leading to inflated prices and thus potentially greater declines
in value.
When investing in value equity securities, or when selecting Funds or SMA Managers that invest in value
equity securities, the portfolio manager attempts to identify companies that are undervalued based on the
estimate of their true worth. The portfolio manager selects stocks at prices that it believes are temporarily
low relative to factors such as the company’s earnings, cash flow or dividends. A value stock may decrease
in price or may not increase in price as anticipated by the portfolio manager if other investors fail to
recognize the company’s value or the factors that the portfolio manager believes will cause the stock price
to increase do not occur.
Certain strategies invest in equity securities of smaller companies and certain Funds or SMA Managers
invest in equity securities of smaller companies. Investments in smaller companies may be riskier than
investments in larger companies. Securities of smaller companies tend to be less liquid than securities of
larger companies. In addition, small companies are generally more vulnerable to economic, market and
industry changes. As a result, the changes in value of their securities may be more sudden or erratic than
in large capitalization companies, especially over the short term. Because smaller companies may have
limited product lines, markets or financial resources or may depend on a few key employees, they may be
more susceptible to particular economic events or competitive factors than large capitalization companies.
This may cause unexpected and frequent decreases in the value of an account’s investments. Finally,
emerging companies in certain sectors may not be profitable and may not realize earning profits in the
foreseeable future.
III. Risks that Apply Primarily to Fixed Income Investments Interest Rate Risk Fixed income securities increase or decrease in value based on changes in interest rates. If rates increase,
the value of these investments generally decline. On the other hand, if rates fall, the value of the investments
generally increases. Securities with greater interest rate sensitivity and longer maturities generally are
subject to greater fluctuations in value. However, usually, changes in the value of fixed income securities
will not affect cash income generated. Variable and floating rate securities are generally tied to interest rate
changes such that the value of variable and floating rate securities will increase or decrease in accordance
with changes in general interest rates. Many factors can cause interest rates to change. Some examples
include central bank monetary policy, inflation rates and general economic conditions. Given the historically
low interest rate environment, risks associated with rising rates are heightened.
Credit Risk
There is a risk that issuers and/or counterparties will not make payments on securities when due or in
default. Such default could result in losses. In addition, the credit rating of securities may be lowered if an
issuer’s or a counterparty’s financial condition changes. Lower credit rating may lead to greater volatility in
the price of a security, affect liquidity and make it difficult to sell the security. Certain strategies may invest
in securities that are rated in the lowest investment grade category. Such securities also are considered to
have speculative characteristics similar to high yield securities, and issuers or counterparties of such
securities are more vulnerable to changes in economic conditions than issuers or counterparties of higher
grade securities. Prices of fixed income securities will be adversely affected and credit spreads will increase
if any of the issuers of or counterparties to such investments are subject to an actual or perceived
deterioration in their credit rating. Credit spread risk is the risk that economic and market conditions or any
actual or perceived credit deterioration would lead to an increase in the credit spreads (i.e., the difference
in yield between two securities of similar maturity but different credit rating) and a decline in price of the
issuer’s securities.
Government Securities Risk Some accounts could invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies and
instrumentalities (such as the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), the Federal
National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie
Mac)). U.S government securities are subject to market risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. Securities,
such as those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae or the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by the full faith
and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when
held to maturity. Notwithstanding that these securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United
States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the payment of principal and interest. Securities
issued by U.S. government related organizations, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are not backed
by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and no assurance can be given that the U.S. government
will provide financial support.
High Yield Securities Risk Certain strategies will invest in securities and investments issued by companies that are highly leveraged,
less creditworthy or financially distressed. These investments (known as junk bonds) are considered
speculative and are subject to greater risk of loss, greater sensitivity to interest rate and economic changes,
valuation difficulties and potential illiquidity.
Equity Investment Conversion Risks
Equity securities may be acquired in connection with a restructuring event related to non-equity
investments. An investor may be unable to liquidate the equity investment at an advantageous time from a
pricing standpoint.
Municipal Obligations Risk
The risk of a municipal obligation generally depends on the financial and credit status of the issuer. Changes
in a municipality’s financial health may make it difficult for the municipality to make interest and principal
payments when due. A number of municipalities have had significant financial problems, and these and
other municipalities could, potentially, continue to experience significant financial problems resulting from
lower tax revenues and/or decreased aid from state and local governments in the event of an economic
downturn. Under some circumstances, municipal obligations might not pay interest unless the state
legislature or municipality authorizes money for that purpose. Some securities, including municipal lease
obligations, carry additional risks. For example, they may be difficult to trade or interest payments may be
tied only to a specific stream of revenue.
Municipal bonds are more susceptible to credit rating downgrades or defaults during recessions or similar
periods of economic stress. Factors contributing to the economic stress on municipalities may include lower
property tax collections as a result of lower home values, lower sales tax revenue as a result of consumers
cutting back spending, and lower income tax revenue as a result of a higher unemployment rate. In addition,
since some municipal obligations may be secured or guaranteed by banks and other institutions, the risk
to an investor could increase if the banking or financial sector suffers an economic downturn and/or if the
credit ratings of the institutions issuing the guarantee are downgraded or at risk of being downgraded by a
national rating organization. If such events were to occur, the value of the security could decrease or the
value could be lost entirely, and it may be difficult or impossible for an investor to sell the security at the
time and the price that normally prevails in the market. Interest on municipal obligations, while generally
exempt from federal income tax, may not be exempt from federal alternative minimum tax or certain state
or local taxes.
Credit Spread Risk Credit spread risk is the risk that a change in credit spreads will adversely affect the value of an investment.
Even when a market exists, there may be a substantial credit spread, that is, the difference between the
secondary market bid and ask prices for a fixed income instrument. The value of fixed income instruments
generally moves in the opposite direction of credit spreads. Values decrease when credit spreads widen
and increase when credit spreads narrow.
Call Risk Declining interest rates may cause issuers to call their bonds in order to sell new bonds paying lower
interest rates. The bond’s principal is repaid early, but the investor is left unable to find a similar bond with
as attractive a yield.
Reinvestment Risk Investors in callable bonds may not receive the bond’s original coupon rate for the entire term of the bond,
and they may be unable to find an equivalent investment paying rates as high as the original rate. In
addition, once the call date has been reached, the stream of a callable bond’s interest payments is
uncertain and any appreciation in the market value of the bond may not rise above the call price.
Prepayment and Extension Risk
Callable bonds are also subject to prepayment and extension risk. A decline in interest rates and other
factors may result in unexpected prepayment of the underlying obligations, possibly causing a decline in
the value of the investment and reinvestment at lower interest rates. An increase in interest rates and other
factors may extend the life of such a security because the prepayments do not occur as expected, possibly
causing a decline in the value of the investment.
IV. Other Miscellaneous Risks Liquidity Risk Investments in some equity and privately placed securities or other investments can be difficult to purchase
or sell, possibly preventing the sale of these illiquid securities at an advantageous price or when desired.
A lack of liquidity can also cause the value of investments to decline and the illiquid investments can also
be difficult to value.
Additionally, there may be no market for a fixed income instrument, and the holder may not be able to sell
the security at the desired time or price. Even when a market exists, there may be a substantial difference
between the secondary market bid and ask prices for a fixed income instrument.
Active Trading Certain strategies engage in active and frequent trading leading to increased portfolio turnover, higher
transaction costs, and the possibility of increased capital gains, including short-term capital gains that are
generally taxable as ordinary income.
Initial Public Offering ("IPO") Risk Certain strategies invest in IPO, or new issue, securities that have no trading history, and information about
the companies may be available for very limited periods. The prices of securities sold in IPOs may be
highly volatile and their purchase may involve high transaction costs. At any particular time or from time to
time, JPMPI may not be able to invest in securities issued in IPOs on behalf of its clients, or invest to the
extent desired, because, for example, only a small portion (if any) of the securities being offered in an IPO
would be made available to JPMPI. In addition, under certain market conditions, a relatively small number
of companies will issue securities in IPOs. Similarly, as the number of purchasers to which IPO securities
are allocated increases, the number of securities issued to the clients may decrease. The performance of
an account during periods when it is unable to invest significantly or at all in IPOs may be lower than during
periods when it is able to do so. In addition, as an account increases in size, the impact of IPOs on the
account’s performance will generally decrease.
Model Risk
Some strategies can include the use of various proprietary quantitative or investment models. Investments
selected using models may perform differently than expected as a result of changes from the factors’
historical – and predicted future - trends, and technical issues in the implementation of the models,
including, for example, issues with data feeds. Moreover, the effectiveness of a model may diminish over
time, including as a result of changes in the market and/or changes in the behavior of other market
participants. A model’s return mapping is based partially on historical data regarding particular economic
factors and securities prices. The operation of a model, similar to other fundamental, active investment
processes, may result in negative performance, including returns that deviate materially from historical
performance, both actual and pro-forma. For a model-driven investment process – and again similar to
other, fundamental, and active investment processes, there is no guarantee that the use of models will
result in effective investment outcomes for clients. Additionally, client accounts with lower asset levels can
experience some dispersion from the established models.
Geographic and Sector Focus Risk Certain strategies concentrate their investments in a region, small group of countries, an industry or
economic sector, and as a result, the value of the portfolio will generally be subject to greater volatility than
a more geographically or sector diversified portfolio. Investments in issuers within a country, state,
geographic region, industry or economic sector that experiences adverse economic, business, political
conditions or other concerns will impact the value of such a portfolio more than if the portfolio’s investments
were not so concentrated. A decrease in the value of a single investment within the portfolio will affect the
overall value of the portfolio and would cause greater losses than it would in a portfolio that holds more
diversified investments.
Diversification Risk JPMPI’s asset allocation and model portfolio construction processes assume that diversification is
beneficial. This concept is a generally accepted investment principle, although no amount of diversification
can eliminate investment risk, and the investment returns of a diversified portfolio may be lower than a more
concentrated portfolio or a single investment over a similar period.
Focused Portfolio Risk An focused portfolio investment strategy’s portfolio will generally have more volatility risk than a strategy
that invests in securities of a greater number because changes in the value of an individual security will
have a more significant effect, either negative or positive, on the portfolio’s value. To the extent that the
portfolio invests its assets in fewer securities, the portfolio is subject to greater risk of loss if any of those
securities lose value.
Currency Risk Changes in foreign currency exchange rates will affect the value of portfolio securities and devaluation of
a currency by a country’s government or banking authority also will have a significant impact on the value
of any investments denominated in that currency. Currency markets generally are not as regulated as
securities markets.
Foreign Issuers Risk
Investments in securities of foreign issuers denominated in foreign currencies are subject to risks in
addition to the risks of securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include political and economic risks, civil
conflicts and war, greater volatility, currency fluctuations, higher transactions costs, delayed settlement,
possible foreign controls on investment, expropriation and nationalization risks, liquidity risks, and less
stringent investor protection and disclosure standards of some foreign markets. Events and evolving
conditions in certain economies or markets may alter the risks associated with investments tied to countries
or regions that historically were perceived as comparatively stable becoming riskier and more volatile.
These risks are magnified in countries in “emerging markets,” which may have relatively unstable
governments and less-established market economies than those of developed countries. Emerging
markets may face greater social, economic, regulatory and political uncertainties. These risks make
emerging market securities more volatile and less liquid than securities issued in more developed
countries.
LIBOR Risk Interest rates (such as LIBOR or EURIBOR) and a wide range of other index levels, rates and values are
treated as “benchmarks” and are the subject of recent regulatory reform which can have an impact on your
account. For example, clients in the Programs can invest in strategies that manage the client portfolio to
certain interest rate benchmarks, or in securities such as fixed income that utilize interest rate benchmarks.
There are certain risks associated with loans, derivatives, fixed income, floating rate securities and other
instruments or investments that rely on a benchmark which changes or is affected by benchmark reforms.
While benchmark reforms are intended to make benchmarks more robust, the reforms may cause
benchmarks to perform differently than in the past, to disappear entirely or have other consequences which
cannot be predicted. This could have a material impact on any investments linked to or referencing such a
benchmark. Such impact may include (i) reducing or increasing the volatility of the published rate or level
of the benchmark, (ii) early redemption or termination of the investment or (iii) adjustments to the terms of
the investment. Any of these impacts may be disadvantageous to investors. In particular, reforms may
increase costs and risks associated with investments that use an affected benchmark.
The regulatory authority that oversees financial services firms and financial markets in the U.K. has
announced that, from the end of 2021, it will no longer persuade or compel contributing banks to make
submissions for purposes of determining the LIBOR rate. The LIBOR rate is intended to represent the rate
at which contributing banks may obtain short-term borrowings from each other in the London interbank
market. As a result, it is possible that commencing in 2022, LIBOR may no longer be available or no longer
deemed an appropriate reference rate upon which to determine the interest rate on or impacting certain
loans, derivatives and other instruments or investments comprising some or all of the account’s portfolio.
In light of this eventuality, public and private sector industry initiatives are currently underway to identify
new or alternative reference rates to be used in place of LIBOR. There is no assurance that the composition
or characteristics of any such alternative reference rate will be similar to or produce the same value or
economic equivalence as LIBOR or that it will have the same volume or liquidity as did LIBOR prior to its
discontinuance or unavailability, which may affect the value or liquidity or return on certain investments in
the account and result in costs incurred in connection with closing out positions and entering into new
trades.
Risks That Apply Primarily to ESG Strategies
ESG strategies could cause an account to perform differently compared to accounts that do not utilize ESG
strategies. The criteria related to certain ESG strategies may result in an account forgoing opportunities to
buy certain Funds when it might otherwise be advantageous to do so, or selling Funds for ESG reasons
when it might be otherwise disadvantageous for it to do so. In addition, there is a risk that the Funds
identified by an ESG strategy do not operate as expected when addressing ESG issues. JPMPI’s
assessment of a Fund’s ESG performance could vary over time, which could cause an account to be
temporarily invested in Funds that do not comply with the account’s approach towards considering ESG
characteristics.
V. Fund Risks ETFs and Index Mutual Funds ETFs are marketable securities that may track, before fees and expenses, the performance or returns of a
relevant index, commodity, bonds or basket of assets, like an index fund. Unlike mutual funds, ETFs trade
like common stock on a stock exchange. ETFs experience price changes throughout the day as they are
bought and sold.
Physical replication and synthetic replication are two of the most common structures used in the
construction of ETFs and index mutual funds. Physically replicated ETFs and index mutual funds buy all
or a representative portion of the underlying securities in the index that they track. In contrast, some ETFs
and index mutual funds do not purchase the underlying assets but gain exposure to them by using swaps
or other derivative instruments.
In addition to the general risks of investing, there are specific risks to consider with respect to an investment
in ETFs, including, but not limited to:
•
Variance from Benchmark Index. ETF performance will differ from the performance of the
applicable index for a variety of reasons. For example, ETFs incur operating expenses and
portfolio transaction costs not incurred by the benchmark index, may not be fully invested in the
securities of their indices at all times, or may hold securities not included in their indices. In addition,
corporate actions with respect to the equity securities underlying ETFs (such as mergers and spin-
offs) will impact the variance between the performances of the ETFs and applicable indices.
•
Passive Investing Risk. Passive investing differs from active investing in that ETF managers are
not seeking to outperform their benchmark. As a result, ETF managers hold securities that are
components of their underlying index, regardless of the current or projected performance of the
specific security or market sector. Passive managers do not attempt to take defensive positions
based upon market conditions, including declining markets. This approach could cause a passive
vehicle’s performance to be lower than if it employed an active strategy.
•
Secondary Market Risk. ETF shares are bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices.
Although ETFs are required to calculate their net asset values (“NAV”) on a daily basis, at times
the market price of an ETF’s shares will be more than the NAV (trading at a premium) or less than
the NAV (trading at a discount). Given the differing nature of the relevant secondary markets for
ETFs, certain ETFs will trade at a larger premium or discount to NAV than shares of other ETFs
depending on the markets where such ETFs are traded. The risk of deviation from NAV for ETFs
generally is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines. For
example, during periods of market volatility, securities underlying ETFs may be unavailable in the
secondary market, market participants may be unable to calculate accurately the NAV per share
of such ETFs, and the liquidity of such ETFs may be adversely affected. This kind of market
volatility would also disrupt the ability of market participants to create and redeem shares in ETFs.
Further, market volatility can adversely affect, sometimes materially, the prices at which market
participants are willing to buy and sell shares of ETFs. As a result, under these circumstances, the
market value of shares of an ETF would vary substantially from the NAV per share of such ETF,
and the client can incur significant losses from the sale of ETF shares.
•
Tracking the Index. The risk that a client account or fund does not track the performance of its
underlying index may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual
market conditions. Additionally, the index provider does not control or own index tracking
accounts.
Investment in Funds The investment performance of client accounts that implement their strategies by investing in underlying
funds is directly related to the performance of the underlying funds. There is no assurance that the
underlying funds will achieve their investment objectives.
Liquid Alternative Funds Liquid Alternative Funds typically can invest in assets such as global real estate, commodities, derivatives,
leveraged loans, start-up companies, and unlisted securities that offer exposure beyond traditional stocks,
bonds, and cash. These funds provide a source of returns with a low correlation with the performance of
traditional asset classes, such as equities and bonds.
Hedge funds often engage in leveraging, short selling, derivatives, and other speculative investment
practices that increase the risk of a complete loss of a client’s investment. Hedge funds often charge
performance fees in addition to management fees.
Liquid Alternative Funds utilize strategies similar to hedge funds, but are subject to regulatory limits on
illiquid investments, leveraging, and amounts that may be invested in any one issuer. However, Liquid
Alternative Funds can trade more frequently and generally will hold more non-traditional investments and
employ more complex trading strategies than traditional mutual funds. Liquid Alternative Funds often have
higher total expense ratios compared to traditional mutual funds plus higher annual operating expenses.
Higher fees will negatively impact performance compared to traditional mutual funds. Unlike hedge funds,
Liquid Alternative Funds generally cannot charge performance fees in addition to management fees. Liquid
Alternative Funds also offer daily liquidity. Although Liquid Alternative Funds can offer diversification within
a relatively liquid and accessible structure, they do not have the same type of returns as other alternative
investments. The risk characteristics of Liquid Alternative Funds can be similar to those generally
associated with other alternative investments. In addition to the usual market and investment-specific risks
of traditional mutual funds, Liquid Alternative Funds may carry additional risks based on the strategies they
use and the underlying investments made by the
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Disciplinary Information A. Criminal or Civil Proceedings
JPMPI has no material civil or criminal actions to report.
B. Administrative Proceedings Before Regulatory Authorities
JPMPI has no material administrative proceedings before the SEC, any other federal regulatory agency,
any state regulatory agency, or any foreign financial regulatory authority to report.
On December 18, 2015, JPMS and JPMCB (together “Respondents”), affiliates of JPMPI, entered into a
settlement with the SEC, resulting in the SEC issuing an order (the “SEC Order”), and JPMCB entered into
a settlement with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), resulting in the CFTC issuing
an order. The Respondents consented to the entry of the SEC Order that finds that JPMS violated Sections
206(2), 206(4), and 207 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”) and Rule 206(4)-7 and
JPMCB violated Sections 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933. The SEC Order finds that
JPMCB negligently failed to adequately disclose (a) from February 2011 to January 2014, a preference for
affiliated mutual funds in certain discretionary investment portfolios (the “Discretionary Portfolios”) managed
by JPMCB and offered through J.P. Morgan’s U.S. Private Bank (the “U.S. Private Bank”) and the Chase
Investments lines of business; (b) from 2008 to 2014, a preference for affiliated hedge funds in certain of
those portfolios offered through the U.S. Private Bank; and (c) from 2008 to August 2015, a preference for
retrocession-paying third-party hedge funds in certain of those portfolios offered through the U.S. Private
Bank. With respect to JPMS, the SEC Order finds, that from May 2008 to 2013, JPMS negligently failed to
adequately disclose, including in documents filed with the SEC, conflicts of interest associated with its use
of affiliated mutual funds in CSP, specifically, a preference for affiliated mutual funds, the relationship
between the discounted pricing of certain services provided by an affiliate and the amount of CSP assets
invested in affiliated products, and that certain affiliated mutual funds offered a lower-cost share class than
the share class purchased for CSP. In addition, the SEC Order finds that JPMS failed to implement written
policies and procedures adequate to ensure disclosure of these conflicts of interest. Solely for the purpose
of settling these proceedings, the Respondents consented to the SEC Order, admitted to the certain facts
set forth in the SEC Order and acknowledged that certain conduct set forth in the SEC Order violated the
federal securities laws. The SEC Order censures JPMS and directs the Respondents to cease-and-desist
from committing or causing any violations and any future violations of the above-enumerated statutory
provisions. Additionally, the SEC Order requires the Respondents to pay a total of $266,815,000 in
disgorgement, interest and civil penalty.
On December 18, 2015, JPMCB also reached a settlement agreement with the CFTC to resolve its
investigation of JPMCB’s disclosure of certain conflicts of interest to discretionary account clients of the
U.S. Private Bank’s U.S.-based wealth management business. In connection with the settlement, the CFTC
issued an order (the “CFTC Order”), finding that JPMCB violated Section 4o(1)(B) of the Commodity
Exchange Act (“CEA”) and Regulation 4.41(a)(2) by failing to fully disclose to certain clients its preferences
for investing certain discretionary portfolio assets in certain commodity pools or exempt pools, namely (a)
investment funds operated by JPMorgan Asset Management and (b) third-party managed hedge funds that
shared management and/or performance fees with an affiliate of JPMCB. The CFTC Order directs JPMCB
to cease-and-desist from violating Section 4o(1) (B) of the CEA and Regulation 4.41(a)(2). Additionally,
JPMCB shall pay $40 million as a civil penalty to the CFTC and disgorgement of $60 million satisfied by
disgorgement to be paid to the SEC by JPMCB and JPMS in the related and concurrent settlement with the
SEC.
On or about July 27, 2016, Respondents entered into a Consent Agreement (“Agreement”) with the Indiana
Securities Division (“ISD”). The Respondents consented to the entry of the Agreement that alleged that
certain conduct of the Respondents was outside the standards of honesty and ethics generally accepted in
the securities trade and industry, in violation of 710 Ind. Admin. Code§ 4-10-1(23) (2016). Specifically, the
Agreement alleged that, between 2008 and 2013, JPMS failed to disclose to Indiana investors that certain
proprietary mutual funds purchased for CSP clients offered institutional shares that were less expensive
than the institutional shares JPMS chose for CSP clients. In addition, the Agreement alleged that, from
February 2011 to January 2014, no account opening document or marketing materials disclosed to Indiana
investment management account clients or Indiana J.P. Morgan Investment Portfolio clients that JPMCB
preferred to invest client assets in proprietary mutual funds, and that between 2008 and January 2014,
JPMCB did not disclose its preference for investing certain investment management account assets in
certain proprietary hedge funds to Indiana clients. Lastly, the Agreement alleged that, JPMCB did not
disclose its preference for placement-agent-fee-paying third-party hedge fund managers in certain
investment management accounts to Indiana clients until August 2015. Solely for the purpose of settling
these proceedings, the Respondents consented to the Agreement, with no admissions as to liability. In the
Agreement, the Respondents agreed to pay a total of $950,000 to resolve the ISD’s investigation, which
was paid on August 1, 2016.
C. Self-Regulatory Organization (“SRO”) Proceedings
JPMPI has no material SRO disciplinary proceedings to report.
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Other Financial Industry Activities and Affiliations A. Broker-Dealer Registration Status
JPMPI is not a registered broker-dealer; however, JPMPI has management persons who are registered
with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) as representatives of JPMS, an affiliated broker-
dealer, if necessary, or appropriate to perform their responsibilities.
B. Futures Commission Merchant, Commodity Pool Operator, or Commodity Trading Adviser
Registration Status
JPMPI is registered as a commodity pool operator with the CFTC and is not registered as a commodity
trading advisor in reliance on applicable exemptions from registration. Further, JPMPI operates its
commodity pools under three separate exemptions: CFTC Rules 4.7 (exemption from certain part 4
requirements), 4.5 (exclusion for certain otherwise regulated persons from the definition of commodity pool
operator) and 4.13 (exemption from registration as a commodity pool operator), and CFTC Advisory 18-96
(relief from certain disclosure, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements for offshore commodity pools).
JPMPI is also a member of the National Futures Association (the "NFA"). In addition, certain of JPMPI’s
management persons are registered with the NFA as an "associated person" of JPMPI, as necessary or
appropriate to perform their responsibilities.
C. Material Relationships or Arrangements with Industry Participants
JPMPI manages accounts on behalf of its affiliates, which creates conflicts of interest related to JPMPI’s
determination to use, suggest, or recommend the services of such affiliates. The particular services
involved will depend on the types of services offered by the affiliate. The use of affiliates to provide services
to clients and JPMPI creates certain conflicts of interest for JPMPI. Among other things, there are financial
incentives for JPMPI’s affiliates, including its parent company, J.P. Morgan, to favor affiliated service
providers over non-affiliated service providers, and compensation of supervised persons of JPMPI may be
directly or indirectly related to the financial performance of J.P. Morgan. However, JPMPI believes there
may also be advantages to using affiliated service providers in certain situations, and JPMPI will engage
such affiliated service providers only in a manner consistent with applicable laws, regulations, and JPMPI’s
policies and procedures.
Additionally, JPMPI has certain relationships or arrangements with related persons that are material to its
advisory business or its clients. Below is a description of such relationships and some of the conflicts of
interest that arise from them. JPMPI has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to
appropriately prevent, limit or mitigate conflicts of interest that arise between JPMPI and its affiliates. These
policies and procedures include information barriers designed to prevent the flow of information between
JPMPI and certain other affiliates, as more fully described in Item 11.A. For a more complete discussion of
the conflicts of interest and corresponding controls designed to prevent, limit or mitigate conflicts of
interests, see Item 11.B.
(1) broker-dealer, municipal securities dealer, or government securities dealer or broker J.P. Morgan Distribution Services, Inc., ("JPMDS") an affiliated broker-dealer, is the distributor for the J.P.
Morgan Affiliated Funds used in the Programs.
JPMS is dually registered as a broker-dealer and an investment adviser with the SEC. JPMS acts as
sponsor for Programs. JPMS typically provides custody and equity trade execution services to the
Program clients. JPMS does not receive any additional brokerage commissions from its wrap clients when
JPMPI places trades for those clients with JPMS. Additionally, JPMPI does not receive any additional fees
or compensation from placing trades for these JPMS sponsored wrap accounts with JPMS. JPMS is also
registered as a Futures Commission Merchant (FCM) with the CFTC. Certain directors and officers of
JPMPI are also officers of JPMS. JPMPI utilizes JPMS for various services subject to applicable laws and
regulations and the policies and procedures of JPMPI.
(2) investment company or other pooled investment vehicle (including a mutual fund, closed-end investment company, unit investment trust, private investment company or “hedge fund,” and offshore fund) JPMPI provides investment advice and/or administrative functions for private investment funds organized
as limited partnerships, limited liability companies, or offshore companies and serves as sub-adviser to
four RICs for which JPMIM serves as investment adviser. JPMPI has entered into sub-advisory
arrangements with JPMIM to provide the day-to-day investment decisions for certain of the RICs, including
the selection of funds for the RICs, which may include J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds. See “Use of J.P.
Morgan Affiliated Funds and SMA Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest” in Item 11.B below. JPMPI
also acts as the investment adviser to open-end mutual funds, including the Six Circles Funds. See Item
10.D and Item 11 for more information on material conflicts of interest relating to JPMPI’s advisory services.
(3) other investment adviser or financial planner JPMPI's affiliate, JPMIM, is the investment adviser or sub-adviser for various J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds,
including funds organized under the laws of other countries and jurisdictions. JPMIM is the primary adviser
to a U.S. mutual funds complex as well as separately managed accounts. JPMPI often recommends and
invests Program client accounts in J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and separately managed accounts which
creates a conflict of interest because JPMPI affiliates benefit from increased allocations to the J.P. Morgan
Affiliated Funds and to its separately managed accounts, and JPMDS and other affiliates receive
distribution, placement, administration, custody, trust services or other fees for services provided to such
funds.
(4) banking or thrift institution J.P. Morgan, JPMPI’s parent company, is a public company that is a bank holding company registered with
the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). J.P. Morgan is subject to
supervision and regulation by the Federal Reserve and is subject to certain restrictions imposed by the
Bank Holding Company Act and related regulations.
JPMCB is a national banking association. JPMCB is subject to supervision and regulation by the U.S.
Department of Treasury's Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. JPMCB provides banking, investment
management, trustee, custody, and other services to clients. JPMCB also provides custody, or
administrative services to funds sponsored or managed by J.P. Morgan. JPMCB and/or other affiliates of
JPMCB share personnel (including investment advisory, research, legal, compliance, investor relations,
marketing, technology, accounting, back office, human resources, IT, risk management, and administrative
personnel) with JPMPI and provide other investment and non-investment resources to JPMPI. A
substantial number of JPMPI’s supervised persons also have duties and obligations outside of JPMPI to
JPMCB and/or JPMPI’s other affiliates. Personnel sharing can result in conflicts of interest to the extent
such personnel have substantive responsibilities outside of JPMPI. For example, the resources available
to JPMPI may be impacted by such personnel’s other responsibilities to JPMCB or its affiliates. In addition,
it may be more difficult for JPMPI to supervise such personnel and to monitor the communications and
activities of such personnel. JPMPI has policies and procedures to address these conflicts. To the extent
JPMCB or its affiliates share personnel with JPMPI, such personnel generally will be treated as supervised
persons of JPMPI for compliance purposes with respect to that portion of their roles and responsibilities
that directly relates to JPMPI’s business.
D. Material Conflicts of Interest Relating to Other Investment Advisers
JPMPI has described certain conflicts of interest related to other investment advisers in Items 11 and 12
below.
Conflicts Related to Share Classes of Mutual Funds
The share classes of mutual funds available to JPMCAP, CSP, Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategy,
and MFAP clients are limited to the share classes of mutual funds available through JPMS. As a policy,
JPMS seeks to make available the lowest cost share class of each mutual fund offered for which clients
are eligible. The share class of a mutual fund available through JPMCAP, CSP, Multi-Manager Select
Advisory Strategy, and MFAP may differ from the share class available to similar accounts managed by
affiliates of JPMPI and evaluated by JPMPI’s manager solutions team in conducting research and selecting
mutual funds for such similar accounts. JPMS receives a portion of the servicing or administrative fees
from certain mutual funds that are held in clients’ accounts. The receipt by JPMS of these fees creates a
conflict of interest in the selection of mutual funds for client accounts. JPMPI addresses this conflict of
interest by making investment decisions based on the lowest cost share class available and without regard
to any compensation that will be received by JPMPI’s affiliates, including JPMS. See “Other Compensation
from Funds” in Item 11.B below.
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Code of Ethics, Participation or Interest in Client Transactions and Personal Trading A. Code of Ethics
JPMPI has adopted the JPMPI Code of Ethics (the “Code of Ethics”) pursuant to Rule 204A-1 under the
Advisers Act. The Code of Ethics is designed to ensure that JPMPI and its supervised persons comply with
applicable federal securities laws and place the interests of clients first in conducting personal securities
transactions. The Code of Ethics imposes certain restrictions on securities transactions in the personal
accounts of supervised persons to help avoid or mitigate conflicts of interest, as described more fully below.
A copy of the Code of Ethics is available free of charge to any client upon request by contacting a client
service representative or financial adviser.
(i) General
The Code of Ethics contains policies and procedures relating to:
• Account holding reports, personal trading, including reporting and preclearance requirements for
all personnel of JPMPI;
• Confidentiality obligations to clients set forth in the J.P. Morgan privacy notices; and
• Conflicts of interest, which includes guidance relating to restrictions on trading on material,
nonpublic information ("MNPI"), gifts and entertainment, political and charitable contributions and
outside business activities.
In general, the personal trading rules under the Code of Ethics require that accounts of JPMPI personnel
be maintained with an approved broker and that all trades in reportable securities for such accounts be
precleared and monitored by compliance personnel. The Code of Ethics also prohibits certain types of
trading activity, such as short-term and speculative trades. JPMPI personnel must obtain approval prior to
engaging in all covered security transactions, including those issued in private placements. In addition,
JPMPI personnel are not permitted to buy or sell securities issued by J.P. Morgan during certain periods
throughout the year. Certain “Access Persons” (defined as persons with access to non-public information
regarding JPMPI’s recommendations to clients, purchases, or sales of securities for client accounts and
advised funds) are prohibited from executing personal trades in a security at certain times. In addition,
Access Persons are required to disclose household members' personal security transactions and holdings
information. These disclosure obligations and restrictions are designed to mitigate conflicts of interest that
arise if Access Persons transact in the same securities as advisory clients.
Additionally, all JPMPI personnel are subject to the J.P. Morgan firm-wide policies and procedures including
those found in the J.P. Morgan Code of Conduct (the “Code of Conduct”). The Code of Conduct sets forth
restrictions regarding confidential and proprietary information, information barriers, private investments,
outside business activities and personal trading. All J.P. Morgan employees, including JPMPI personnel,
are required to familiarize themselves, comply, and attest annually to their compliance with provisions of
the Code of Conduct’s terms as a condition of continued employment.
Where appropriate, JPMPI and its affiliates generally addresses the conflicts disclosed in this Brochure
through policies and procedures.
(ii) Information Barrier Policies
J.P. Morgan Wealth Management ("WM") maintains various types of internal information barriers and other
policies that are designed to prevent certain information from being shared or transmitted to other business
units within WM or between JPMIM and WM, and within J.P. Morgan more broadly. JPMPI relies on these
information barriers to protect the integrity of its investment process and to comply with fiduciary duties and
regulatory obligations. JPMPI also relies upon these barriers to mitigate potential conflicts, to preserve
confidential information and to prevent the inappropriate flow of MNPI and confidential information to and
from JPMPI and to other public and private J.P. Morgan lines of business. MNPI is information not generally
disseminated to the public that a reasonable investor would likely consider important in making an
investment decision. This information is received voluntarily and involuntarily and under varying
circumstances, including, but not limited to, upon execution of a non-disclosure agreement, as a result of
serving on the board of directors of a company, serving on ad hoc or official creditors' committees and
participation in risk, advisory or other committees for various trading platforms, clearinghouses and other
market infrastructure related entities and organizations. JPMPI’s information barriers include: (1) written
policies and procedures to limit the sharing of MNPI and confidential information on a need to know basis
only, and (2) various physical, technical and procedural controls to safeguard such information. As a result
of information barriers, JPMPI generally will not have access, or will have limited access, to information and
personnel in other areas of J.P. Morgan, and generally will not manage the client accounts and funds with
the benefit of information held by these other areas.
Under certain circumstances, JPMPI and/or its affiliates will decide that transactions in a particular security
need to be restricted and therefore JPMPI and/or its affiliates will determine that the security should be
placed on a “restricted list.” While the security is on the restricted list, JPMPI typically prohibits purchases,
sales, or all transactions in the security. The reasons for placing a security on the restricted list include, but
are not limited to: (i) preventing JPMPI from exceeding regulatory investment limitations with respect to the
securities of companies in certain regulated industries, such as insurance companies and public utilities,
(ii) avoiding a concentration in any particular security, (iii) buttressing an information barrier by preventing
the appearance of impropriety in connection with trading decisions or recommendations, and (iv) preventing
the use or appearance of the use of inside information.
B. Securities in Which JPMPI or a Related Person Has a Material Financial Interest and Other
Conflicts of Interest
J.P. Morgan Acting in Multiple Commercial Capacities J.P. Morgan is a diversified financial services firm that provides a broad range of services and products to
its clients and is a major participant in the global currency, equity, commodity, fixed income and other
markets in which program client accounts indirectly invest or may invest. J.P. Morgan is typically entitled to
compensation in connection with these activities and the program’s clients will not be entitled to any such
compensation. In providing services and products to clients other than program clients, J.P. Morgan, from
time to time, faces conflicts of interest with respect to activities recommended to or performed for program
clients on one hand and for J.P. Morgan’s other clients on the other hand. For example, J.P. Morgan has,
and continues to seek to develop banking and other financial and advisory relationships with numerous
U.S. and non-U.S. persons and governments. J.P. Morgan also advises and represents potential buyers
and sellers of businesses worldwide. Program client accounts have invested in, or may wish to invest in,
such entities represented by J.P. Morgan or with which J.P. Morgan has a banking, advisory or other
financial relationship. Furthermore, in certain circumstances, J.P. Morgan persons issue recommendations
on securities held in accounts advised or sub-advised by JPMPI that are contrary to the investment activities
of JPMPI. In addition, certain clients of J.P. Morgan may invest in entities in which J.P. Morgan holds an
interest, including a collective investment trust, or other pooled investment vehicle managed by a J.P.
Morgan affiliate. In providing services to its clients and as a participant in global markets, J.P. Morgan from
time to time recommends or engages in activities that compete with or otherwise adversely affect a program
client account or its investments. It should be recognized that such relationships can preclude program
clients from engaging in certain transactions and can also restrict investment opportunities that would
otherwise be available to program clients. For example, J.P. Morgan is often engaged by companies as a
financial adviser, or to provide financing or other services, in connection with commercial transactions that
are indirectly potential investment opportunities for program clients. There are circumstances in which
advisory accounts are precluded from participating in such transactions as a result of J.P. Morgan’s
engagement by such companies. J.P. Morgan reserves the right to act for these companies in such
circumstances, notwithstanding the potential adverse effect on program clients. In addition, J.P. Morgan
derives ancillary benefits from providing investment advisory, custody, administration, and other services to
program clients, and providing such services to program clients may enhance J.P. Morgan’s relationships
with various parties, facilitate additional business development and enable J.P. Morgan to obtain additional
business and generate additional revenue. The following are descriptions of certain additional conflicts of
interest and potential conflicts of interest that may be associated with the financial or other interests that
J.P. Morgan and JPMPI may have in transactions effected by, with, or on behalf of its clients. In addition to
the specific mitigants described further below, JPMPI has established information barriers as described in
this Brochure and adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to appropriately prevent, limit or
mitigate conflicts of interest. In addition, many of the activities that create these conflicts of interest are
limited and/or prohibited by law, unless an exception is available.
Conflicts Relating to J.P. Morgan Service Providers J.P. Morgan provides financing, consulting, investment banking, management, custodial, prime brokerage,
transfer agency, shareholder servicing, treasury oversight, administration, distribution or other services
(“Services”) to its clients, including investment funds, products or companies in which JPMPI invests (or
recommends for investment) on behalf of its clients. These relationships generate revenue to J.P. Morgan
and have the potential to influence JPMPI in deciding whether to select such investment funds, products or
companies for investment by its clients or to recommend such funds, products or companies to its clients,
in deciding how to manage such investments, and in deciding when to realize such investments. For
example, J.P. Morgan earns compensation from private investment funds or their sponsors for providing
certain Services, and JPMPI would otherwise have an incentive to favor such Funds over other funds with
which J.P. Morgan has no relationship when investing on behalf of, or recommending investments to, its
clients because such investments potentially increase J.P. Morgan’s overall revenue. In addition, J.P.
Morgan derives ancillary benefits from providing such Services.
Therefore, it is important for clients to know that J.P. Morgan has policies which seek to ensure the receipt
of compensation as described above does not affect J.P. Morgan’s decisions and recommendations to
clients. WM maintains various types of internal information barriers and other policies that are designed to
prevent certain information from being shared or transmitted to other business units within WM and within
J.P. Morgan more broadly. JPMPI relies on these information barriers to protect the integrity of its
investment process and to comply with fiduciary duties and regulatory obligations.
Client Participation in Offerings where J.P. Morgan acts as Underwriter or Placement Agent
If permitted by a client’s investment objectives, and subject to compliance with applicable law, regulations
and exemptions, JPMPI will purchase securities for client accounts, including new issues, during an
underwriting or other offering of such securities in which a broker-dealer affiliate of JPMPI acts as a
manager, co-manager, underwriter or placement agent and for which the affiliate receives a benefit in the
form of management, underwriting or other fees. Affiliates of JPMPI also act in other capacities in such
offerings and such affiliates will receive fees, compensation, or other benefit for such services.
The commercial relationships and activities of JPMPI’s affiliate may at times indirectly preclude JPMPI from
engaging in certain transactions on behalf of its clients. For example, when JPMPI’s affiliate is the sole
underwriter of an initial or secondary offering, JPMPI cannot purchase securities in the offering for its clients.
In such case the universe of securities and counterparties available to JPMPI’s clients will be smaller than
that available to clients of advisers that are not affiliated with major broker-dealers. JPMPI believes that
there are adequate amounts of other securities available that will allow clients to generally meet the same
investment performance regardless of the fact that clients are precluded from investing in certain securities
because of affiliate activities.
Conflicts Related to Advisers and Service Providers Certain advisers or service providers to clients managed by JPMPI (including investment advisers,
accountants, administrators, lenders, bankers, brokers, attorneys, consultants and investment or
commercial banking firms) provide goods or services to, or have business, personal, financial or other
relations with J.P. Morgan and/or JPMPI, their affiliates, advisory clients and portfolio companies. Such
advisers and service providers may be clients of J.P. Morgan and JPMPI, sources of investment
opportunities, co-investors or commercial counterparties or entities in which J.P. Morgan has an investment.
Additionally, certain employees of J.P. Morgan or JPMPI could have family members or relatives employed
by such advisers and service providers. These relationships could have the appearance of affecting or
could potentially influence JPMPI in deciding whether to select or recommend such advisers or service
providers to perform services for its clients or investments held by such clients (the cost of which will
generally be borne directly or indirectly by such clients).
Capacity and Other Limitations on Investment Positions JPMPI and its affiliates maintain certain limitations on investment positions (including registered funds) that
JPMPI or its affiliates will take on behalf of its various clients due to, among other things: (i) liquidity
concerns, (ii) regulatory requirements applicable to JPMPI or its affiliates, and (iii) internal policies related
to such concerns or requirements, in light of the management of multiple portfolios and businesses by
JPMPI and its affiliates. Such policies preclude JPMPI or its affiliates from purchasing certain investments
for clients, and may cause JPMPI to sell certain investments held in client accounts. JPMPI is also more
likely to select a J.P. Morgan Affiliated Fund in circumstances where it would not be able to invest all desired
client assets in a particular non-J.P. Morgan Fund due to these limitations. This could result in performance
dispersion among accounts with similar investment objectives.
Clients’ Investments in Affiliated Companies
Subject to applicable law, from time to time JPMPI will include Funds, equity instruments or other securities
in model portfolios, and therefore client accounts that represent an indirect interest in securities of J.P.
Morgan, including J.P. Morgan stock. JPMPI will receive advisory fees on the portion of client holdings
invested in such instruments or other securities and is entitled to vote or otherwise exercise rights and take
actions with respect to such instruments or other securities on behalf of its clients. Generally, such activity
occurs when a client account includes an index strategy that targets the returns of certain indices in which
J.P. Morgan securities are a key component.
Clients’ Investments in Deposit Sweep
Clients authorize JPMS and JPMPI to invest (i.e., sweep) available cash balances in client accounts that
are pending investment, as well as any balances allocated to cash, into a bank deposit account (the
“Deposit Sweep”) held with JPMCB, an affiliate of JPMS and JPMPI.
Deposits with JPMCB are covered by the FDIC, up to applicable limits.
JPMS and JPMPI have a conflict of interest in using the Deposit Sweep for balances pending investment
as well as the cash allocation for the model portfolios. JPMCB benefits from the use of the Deposit Sweep
because JPMCB receives a stable, cost-effective source of funding. JPMCB intends to use deposits from
program accounts to fund current and new business, including lending activities and investments. The
profitability on such lending activities and investments is generally measured by the difference, or “spread”,
between the interest rate paid on the deposits and other costs associated with the deposits, and the interest
rate or other income JPMCB earns on loans and investments made with the deposits. JPMS addresses
this conflict by monitoring the rate of interest paid on deposits made from program accounts and by
providing disclosure and information about the Deposit Sweep to clients. In addition, an internal
governance forum reviews the target allocation to cash for each of the model portfolios to determine
whether it is consistent with such strategy’s investment objective.
Restrictions Relating to J.P. Morgan Directorships/Affiliations
From time to time, directors, officers and employees of J.P. Morgan, serve on the board of directors or hold
another senior position with a corporation, investment fund manager or other institution which will sell an
investment to, acquire an investment from or otherwise engage in a transaction with, J.P. Morgan. The
presence of such persons in these circumstances will generally require the relevant person to recuse
himself or herself from participating in the transaction, or cause J.P. Morgan to determine that it (or its client)
is unable to pursue the transaction because of a potential conflict of interest. In such cases, the investment
opportunities available to the clients and the ability of such clients to engage in transactions or retain certain
investments or assets will be limited.
Other Compensation from Funds Certain Funds in which JPMPI may invest account assets will execute transactions for their portfolios
through JPMS or an affiliate as broker-dealer, and JPMS or an affiliate would receive compensation from
the Funds in connection with these transactions. Such compensation presents a conflict of interest between
JPMPI and its clients because JPMPI would have a financial incentive to invest account assets in such
Funds: (1) in the hope or expectation that increasing the amount of assets invested with the Funds will
increase the number and/or size of transactions placed by the Funds for execution by JPMS or an affiliate
or other related person, and thereby result in increased compensation to JPMS and its affiliates and other
related persons in the aggregate; and (2) to benefit the Funds and thereby preserve and foster valuable
brokerage relationships with the Funds.
Payment for Order Flow
JPMS may pay from time to time for certain order flow in the form of discounts, rebates, reductions of fees
or credits. As a result of sending orders to certain trading centers, JPMS receives payment for order flow
in the form of discounts, rebates, reductions of fees or credits. Under some circumstances, the amount of
such remuneration may exceed the amount that JPMS is charged by such trading centers. This does not
alter JPMS’ obligations as a broker-dealer and its policy to route customer orders to the trading center
where it believes clients will receive the best execution, taking into account, among other factors, price,
transaction cost, volatility, market depth, quality of service, speed and efficiency.
J.P. Morgan’s Use and Ownership of Trading Systems
JPMS may effect trades on behalf of program accounts through exchanges, electronic communications
networks, alternative trading systems and similar execution systems and trading venues (collectively,
“Trading Systems”), including Trading Systems in which J.P. Morgan has a direct or indirect ownership
interest. J.P. Morgan will receive indirect proportionate compensation based upon its ownership percentage
in relation to the transaction fees charged by such Trading Systems in which it has an ownership interest.
An up-to-date list of all Trading Systems through which JPMS might trade and in which J.P. Morgan has an
ownership interest can be found at https://www.jpmorgansecurities.com/pages/am/securities/legal/ecn.
Such Trading Systems (and the extent of J.P. Morgan’s ownership interest in any Trading System) may
change from time to time. JPMPI addresses this conflict by disclosure to its clients.
Potential Conflicts Relating to Follow-On Investments for C-BoS
In C-BoS, from time to time, JPMPI will provide opportunities to its client accounts to make investments in
companies in which certain other client accounts have already invested. Such follow-on investments can
create conflicts of interest, such as the determination of the terms of the new investment and the allocation
of such opportunities among JPMPI's accounts. Follow-on investment opportunities may be available to
client accounts with no existing investment in the issuer, resulting in the assets of a client account potentially
providing value to, or otherwise supporting the investments of, other client accounts.
Use of J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and SMA Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest Investment Principles and Potential Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of interest will arise whenever J.P. Morgan has an actual or perceived economic or other incentive
in its management of clients’ portfolios to act in a way that benefits J.P. Morgan. Conflicts will result, for
example (to the extent the following activities are permitted in the account): (1) when J.P. Morgan invests
in an investment product, such as a mutual fund, structured product, separately managed account or hedge
fund issued or managed by JPMCB or an affiliate, such as JPMIM; (2) when a J.P. Morgan entity obtains
services, including trade execution and trade clearing, from an affiliate; (3) when J.P. Morgan receives
payment as a result of purchasing an investment product for a client’s account; or (4) when J.P. Morgan
receives payment for providing services (including shareholder servicing, recordkeeping or custody) with
respect to investment products purchased for a client’s portfolio. Other conflicts will result because of
relationships that J.P. Morgan has with other clients or when J.P. Morgan acts for its own account.
Investment strategies (Funds and separately managed accounts) are selected from both J.P. Morgan and
third-party asset managers and are subject to a review process by manager solutions teams. From this
pool of strategies, JPMPI’s portfolio construction teams select those strategies JPMPI believes fits its asset
allocation goals and forward looking views in order to meet the portfolio’s investment objective.
As a general matter, JPMPI prefers J.P. Morgan managed strategies. JPMPI expects the proportion of J.P.
Morgan managed strategies will be high (in fact, up to 100 percent) in strategies such as, for example, cash
and high-quality fixed income, subject to applicable law and any account-specific considerations. JPMPI
may allocate a significant portion of the assets in JPMCAP, CSP and Multi-Manager Select Advisory
Strategy to J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds. That portion varies depending on market or other conditions.
While JPMPI’s internally managed strategies generally align well with JPMPI’s forward looking views, and
JPMPI is familiar with the investment processes as well as the risk and compliance philosophy of J.P.
Morgan, it is important to note that J.P. Morgan receives more overall fees when internally managed
strategies are included. In certain programs, JPMPI offers the option of choosing to exclude J.P. Morgan
managed strategies (other than cash and liquidity products) in certain portfolios.
The Six Circles Funds are mutual funds advised by JPMPI and sub-advised by third-parties. Although
considered internally managed strategies, neither JPMPI nor its affiliates retain a fee for fund management
or other fund services.
Separately Managed Accounts
Portfolios invested in individual equity or fixed income securities may be managed by JPMPI, JPMCB, or
by a third-party manager, including an affiliate. When JPMPI, JPMCB or an affiliate manages these
investments, there is a benefit to J.P. Morgan since it increases the overall revenue of J.P. Morgan.
Additionally, a manager of a separately managed account may invest in products that may result in
additional revenue to J.P. Morgan.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT MUTUAL FUNDS AND EXCHANGE-TRADED FUNDS REGISTERED UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940, AS AMENDED J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds - Management Fees
JPMPI or its affiliates may be sponsors or managers of Funds that J.P. Morgan purchases for the client’s
portfolio. In such case, JPMPI or its affiliates may receive a fee for managing such Funds. As such, JPMPI
and its affiliates will receive more total revenue when the client’s portfolio is invested in such Funds than
when it is invested in third-party funds.
J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and Third-Party Funds - Other Fees and Expenses All Funds have various internal fees and other expenses, that are paid by managers or issuers of the Funds
or by the Fund itself, but that ultimately are borne by the investor. J.P. Morgan may receive administrative
and servicing and other fees for providing services to both J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and third-party funds
that are held in the client’s portfolio. These payments may be made by sponsors of the Funds (including
affiliates of JPMPI) or by the Funds themselves and may be based on the value of the Funds in the client’s
portfolio. Funds or their sponsors may have other business relationships with J.P. Morgan outside of its
portfolio management role or with the broker-dealer affiliates of J.P. Morgan, which may provide brokerage
or other services that pay commissions, fees and other compensation.
Six Circles Funds JPMPI and its affiliates have developed the Six Circles Funds exclusively for use in investment advisory
accounts. The Six Circles Funds are available through investment advisory accounts managed by JPMPI,
including JPMCAP and CSP.
The Six Circles Funds are Funds specifically designed by JPMPI and its affiliates for use in discretionary
accounts as completion funds to align with J.P. Morgan’s core portfolio views. JPMPI acts as investment
adviser to the Six Circles Funds and engages third-party investment managers as sub-advisers to the Six
Circles Funds' investment portfolios. J.P. Morgan will experience certain benefits and efficiencies from
investing account assets in the Six Circles Funds instead of unaffiliated investment vehicles; however,
JPMPI does not retain investment advisory fees for managing the Six Circles Funds through an agreement
to waive any investment advisory fees that exceed the fees owed to the Six Circles Funds' third-party sub-
advisers. The Six Circles Funds do not pay fees to JPMPI or its affiliates for any other services to the Six
Circles Funds. Services are provided by third-party service providers and are generally paid by the Six
Circles Funds or J.P. Morgan. (The market value of assets invested in the Six Circles Funds will be included
in calculating the advisory fees paid on the overall Program investment advisory account.)
Allocations of Client Assets to J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds (Including New Funds) J.P. Morgan has an incentive to allocate assets to new J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds to help it develop new
investment strategies and products. J.P. Morgan has an incentive to allocate assets of the portfolios to a
J.P. Morgan Affiliated Fund that is small, or to which J.P. Morgan has provided seed capital. In addition, J.P.
Morgan benefits when JPMPI does not sell or withdraw assets from a J.P. Morgan Affiliated Fund in order
to avoid or delay the sale or withdrawal’s adverse impact on the fund. Accounts managed by J.P. Morgan
have significant ownership in certain J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds. J.P. Morgan faces conflicts of interest
when considering the effect of sales or redemptions on such funds and on other fund shareholders in
deciding whether and when to redeem its shares. A large sale or redemption of shares by J.P. Morgan
acting on behalf of its clients could result in the underlying J.P. Morgan Affiliated Fund selling securities
when it otherwise would not have done so, potentially increasing transaction costs and adversely affecting
fund performance. A large sale or redemption could also significantly reduce the assets of the fund, causing
decreased liquidity and, depending on any applicable expense caps, a higher expense ratio, or liquidation
of the fund. J.P. Morgan has policies and controls in place to govern and monitor its activities and processes
for identifying and managing conflicts of interest.
Principal and Agency Transactions
When permitted by applicable law and JPMPI’s policy, JPMPI, acting on behalf of its advisory accounts,
from time to time enters into transactions in securities and other instruments with or through J.P. Morgan,
and causes accounts to engage in principal transactions, cross transactions, and agency cross
transactions. A “principal transaction” occurs if JPMPI, acting on behalf its advisory accounts, knowingly
buys a security from, or sells a security to, JPMPI’s or its affiliate's own account.
A “cross transaction” occurs when JPMPI arranges a transaction between different advisory clients where
they buy and sell securities or other instruments from, or to each other. For example, in some instances a
security to be sold by one client account would independently be considered appropriate for purchase by
another client account. In such cases, JPMPI may, but is not required, to cause the security to be “crossed”
or transferred directly between the relevant accounts at an independently determined market price and
without incurring brokerage commissions. Although customary custodian fees and transfer fees would be
incurred, no part of such fees will be received by JPMPI.
An “agency cross transaction” occurs if J.P. Morgan acts as broker for, and receives a commission from a
client account of JPMPI on one side of the transaction and a brokerage account on the other side of the
transaction in connection with the purchase or sale of securities by JPMPI’s client account.
JPMPI faces potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in the above
transactions, including with respect to a decision to enter into such transactions as well as with respect to
valuation, pricing and other terms. No such transactions will be effected unless JPMPI determines that the
transaction is in the best interest of each client account and permitted by applicable law.
Potential Conflicts Relating to Valuation
JPMPI does not value securities in the Program client accounts or provide assistance in connection with
such valuation. JPMS, as custodian for the Program client accounts, values securities in such client
accounts. There is an inherent conflict of interest where JPMS, an affiliate of JPMPI, values securities or
assets in client accounts or provides any assistance in connection with such valuation and JPMS and
JPMPI are receiving a fee based on the value of such assets. Overvaluing certain positions held by clients
will inflate the value of the client assets as well as the performance record of such client accounts, which
would likely increase the fees payable to JPMS and JPMPI. As a result, there will be circumstances where
JPMS is incentivized to determine valuations that are higher than the actual fair value of investments. In
addition, JPMS may value identical assets differently in different accounts or funds due to, among others,
different valuation guidelines applicable to such private funds or different third-party pricing vendors.
Furthermore, certain units within J.P. Morgan may assign a different value to identical assets than JPMS
because these units may have certain information regarding valuation techniques and models or other
information relevant to the valuation of a specific asset or category of assets, which they do not share with
JPMS. The various lines of business within J.P. Morgan typically will be guided by specific policies and
requirements with respect to valuation of client holdings. Such policies will include valuations that are
provided by third-parties, when appropriate, as well as comprehensive internal valuation methodologies.
On occasion, JPMS utilizes the services of affiliated pricing vendors for assistance with the pricing of certain
securities. In addition, securities for which market quotations are not readily available, or are deemed to be
unreliable, are fair valued in accordance with established policies and procedures. Fair value situations
could include, but are not limited to:
• A significant event that affects the value of a security;
• Illiquid securities;
• Securities that have defaulted or are de-listed from an exchange and are no longer trading; or
• Any other circumstance in which it is determined that current market quotations do not accurately reflect
the value of the security.
C. Investing in Securities That JPMPI or a Related Person Recommends to Clients
JPMPI or one of its related persons may, for its own account, buy or sell securities or other instruments that
JPMPI has recommended to clients or purchased or sold for its clients. As a result, positions taken by
JPMPI and its related persons will be the same as or different from, or made contemporaneously with or at
different times than, positions taken for clients of JPMPI. As these situations may involve actual or potential
conflicts of interest, JPMPI has adopted policies and procedures relating to personal securities transactions,
insider trading, and other ethical considerations. These policies and procedures are intended to identify
and mitigate actual and perceived conflicts of interest with clients and to resolve such conflicts appropriately
if they do occur. The policies and procedures contain provisions regarding preclearance of employee
trading, reporting requirements, and supervisory procedures that are designed to address potential conflicts
of interest with respect to the activities and relationships of related persons that might interfere or appear
to interfere with making decisions in the best interest of clients, including the prevention of front-running.
JPMPI has also implemented monitoring systems designed to ensure compliance with these policies
and procedures.
J.P. Morgan’s Proprietary Investments JPMPI, J.P. Morgan, and any of their directors, partners, officers, agents or employees, also buy, sell or
trade securities for their own accounts or the proprietary accounts of JPMPI and/or J.P. Morgan. JPMPI
and/or J.P. Morgan, within their discretion, can make different investment decisions and take other actions
with respect to their proprietary accounts than those made for client accounts, including the timing or nature
of such investment decisions or actions. The proprietary activities, investments or portfolio strategies of
JPMPI and/or J.P. Morgan give rise to a conflict of interest with the transactions and strategies employed
by JPMPI on behalf of its clients and affect the prices and availability of the investment opportunities in
which JPMPI invests on behalf of its clients. Further, JPMPI is not required to purchase or sell for any client
account securities that it, J.P. Morgan, and any of their employees, principals or agents purchase or sell for
their own accounts or the proprietary accounts of JPMPI or J.P. Morgan. JPMPI, J.P. Morgan, and their
respective directors, officers and employees face a conflict of interest as they will have income or other
incentives to favor their own accounts or the proprietary accounts of JPMPI or J.P. Morgan.
J.P. Morgan’s Policies and Regulatory Restrictions Affecting Client Accounts As part of a global financial services firm, JPMPI will be precluded from effecting or recommending
transactions in certain client portfolios and will restrict its investment decisions and activities on behalf of its
clients as a result of applicable law, regulatory requirements and/or other conflicts of interest, information
held by JPMPI or J.P. Morgan, JPMPI’s and/or J.P. Morgan’s roles in connection with other clients and in
the capital markets and J.P. Morgan’s internal policies and/or potential reputational risk. As a result, client
portfolios managed by JPMPI may be precluded from acquiring, or disposing of, certain securities or
instruments at any time. This includes the securities issued by J.P. Morgan.
In addition, potential conflicts of interest also exist when J.P. Morgan maintains certain overall investment
limitations on positions in securities or other financial instruments due to, among other things, investment
restrictions imposed upon J.P. Morgan by law, regulation, contract or internal policies. These limitations
have precluded and, in the future could preclude, JPMPI from including particular securities or financial
instruments in its portfolios, even if the securities or financial instruments would otherwise meet the
investment objectives of such portfolio. For example, there are limits on the aggregate amount of
investments by affiliated investors in certain types of securities within a particular industry group that cannot
be exceeded without additional regulatory or corporate consent. If such aggregate ownership thresholds
are reached, the ability of a client to purchase or dispose of investments, or exercise rights or undertake
business transactions, will be restricted.
Potential conflicts of interest may also arise as a result of JPMPI’s current policy to endeavor to manage its
clients’ portfolios so that the various requirements and liabilities imposed pursuant to Section 16 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Section 16” and the “Exchange Act”, respectively) are not triggered.
Section 16 applies, inter alia, to “beneficial owners” of 10% or more of any security subject to reporting
under the Exchange Act. In addition to certain reporting requirements, Section 16 also imposes on such
“beneficial owner” disgorgement requirement of “short-swing” profits deriving from purchase and sale or
sale and purchase of the security, executed within a six-month period. JPMPI may be deemed to be a
“beneficial owner” of securities held by its advisory clients. Consequently, and given the potential ownership
level of the various JPMPI accounts and funds managed for its clients, JPMPI may limit the amount, or alter
the timing, of purchases of securities, in order not to trigger the foregoing requirements. That means that
certain contemplated transactions that otherwise would be consummated by JPMPI on behalf of its clients
will not take place, will be limited in their size or will be delayed.
Furthermore, J.P. Morgan has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure compliance
with economic and trade sanctions-related obligations applicable to its activities (although such obligations
are not necessarily the same obligations that its clients are subject to). Such economic and trade sanctions
prohibit, among other things, transactions with and the provision of services to, directly or indirectly, certain
countries, territories, entities and individuals. These economic and trade sanctions, and the application by
JPMPI of its compliance policies and procedures in respect thereof, may restrict or limit an advisory
account’s investment activities. In addition, J.P. Morgan from time to time subscribes to or otherwise elects
to become subject to investment policies on a firm-wide basis, including policies relating to environmental,
social and corporate governance. JPMPI may also limit transactions and activities for reputational or other
reasons, including when J.P. Morgan is providing or may provide advice or services to an entity involved in
such activity or transaction, when J.P. Morgan or a client is or may be engaged in the same or a related
activity or transaction to that being considered on behalf of the advisory account, when J.P. Morgan or
another account has an interest in an entity involved in such activity or transaction, or when such activity or
transaction on behalf of or in respect of the advisory account could affect J.P. Morgan, JPMPI, their clients
or their activities. J.P. Morgan may become subject to additional restrictions on its business activities that
could have an impact on Program client account activities. In addition, JPMPI may restrict its investment
decisions and activities on behalf of particular advisory accounts and not other accounts.
D. Conflicts of Interest Created by Contemporaneous Trading
Recommendation or Investments in Securities that JPMPI or Its Related Persons may also
Purchase or Sell
JPMPI and its related persons may recommend or invest in securities on behalf of its clients that JPMPI
and its related persons may also purchase or sell. For example, JPMS sponsors a Fixed Income Advisory
Program, which includes the DFI investment strategies managed by JPMIM portfolio managers. DFI also
provides taxable investment grade and high yield as well as municipal bond portfolios to JPMS clients that
employ a similar “buy and hold” (intention is to hold bonds to maturity) strategy to that of C-MAP and C-
TAX. Additionally, JPMCB, an affiliate of JPMPI, manages similar strategy. Please see below in Item 12 for
more information on Participating Accounts. As a result, positions taken by JPMPI and its related persons
will be the same as or different from, or made contemporaneously or at different times than, positions taken
for other accounts by JPMIM. As these situations involve actual or potential conflicts of interest, JPMPI has
adopted policies and procedures relating to personal securities transactions, insider trading and other
ethical considerations. These policies and procedures are intended to identify and mitigate actual and
perceived conflicts of interest with clients and to resolve such conflicts appropriately if they do occur. The
policies and procedures contain provisions regarding preclearance of employee trading, reporting
requirements and supervisory procedures that are designed to address potential conflicts of interest with
respect to the activities and relationships of related persons that might interfere or appear to interfere with
making decisions in the best interest of clients.
Conflicts Related to the Advising of Multiple Accounts
Certain portfolio managers of JPMPI manage or advise multiple client accounts, investment vehicles or
portfolios. These portfolio managers are not required to devote all or any specific portion of their working
time to the affairs of any specific client. Conflicts of interest do arise in allocating management time, services
or functions among such clients, including clients that have the same or similar type of investment
strategies. JPMPI addresses these conflicts by disclosing them to clients and through its supervision of
portfolio managers and their teams. Responsibility for managing JPMPI’s client portfolios is organized
according to investment strategies within asset classes. Generally, client portfolios with similar strategies
are managed by portfolio managers in the same portfolio management group using the same or similar
objectives, approach and philosophy. Therefore, portfolio holdings, relative position sizes, industry and
sector exposures generally tend to be similar across client portfolios with similar strategies. However,
JPMPI faces conflicts of interest when JPMPI’s portfolio managers manage accounts or portfolios with
similar investment objectives and strategies. For example, investment opportunities that are appropriate for
certain clients may also be appropriate for other groups of clients, and as a result client accounts would
have to compete for positions. There is no specific limit on the number of accounts which will be managed
or advised by JPMPI or its related persons. JPMPI has controls in place to monitor and mitigate these
potential conflicts of interest.
Also it is JPMPI’s policy, to the extent practicable, to allocate, within its reasonable discretion, investment
opportunities among clients over a period of time on a fair and equitable basis. One or more of JPMPI’s
other client accounts may at any time hold, acquire, increase, decrease, dispose of, or otherwise deal with
positions in investments in which another client account would have an interest. For instance, due to
differences in investment strategies, JPMPI might sell a security for a client at the same time that it might
hold or purchase the same security for a different client.
Positions taken by a certain client account can also dilute or otherwise negatively affect the values, prices
or investment strategies associated with positions held by a different client account. For example, this can
occur when investment decisions for one client are based on research or other information that is also used
to support portfolio decisions by JPMPI or an affiliate for a different client following the same, similar, or
different investment strategies or by an affiliate of JPMPI in managing its clients’ accounts. When a portfolio
decision or strategy is implemented for an account ahead of, or contemporaneously with, similar portfolio
decisions or strategies for JPMPI or an affiliate's other client (whether or not the portfolio decisions emanate
from the same research analysis or other information), market impact, liquidity constraints or other factors
could result in one account being disadvantaged or receiving less favorable investment results than the
other account, and the costs of implementing such portfolio decisions or strategies could be increased.
In addition, it may be perceived as a conflict of interest when activity in one account closely correlates with
the activity in a similar account, such as when a purchase by one account increases the value of the same
securities previously purchased by another account, or when a sale in one account lowers the sale price
received in a sale by a second account. Furthermore, if JPMPI or an affiliate manages accounts that engage
in short sales of securities in which other accounts invest, JPMPI or its affiliate could be seen as harming
the performance of one account for the benefit of the account engaging in short sales if the short sales
cause the market value of the securities to fall.
Certain Other Trading Related Conflicts of Interest
Generally, client portfolios with similar strategies are managed by portfolio managers in the same portfolio
management group using the same or similar objectives, approach, and philosophy. Therefore, portfolio
holdings, relative position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar
portfolios, which reduces the potential for conflicts of interest. Nonetheless, conflicts of interest may
potentially arise when JPMPI’s portfolio managers manage accounts with similar investment objectives and
strategies. For example, a potential conflict of interest includes the allocation of investment opportunities
for similar accounts. There is no specific limit as to the number of accounts that can be managed or advised
by JPMPI or its related persons. JPMPI has controls in place to monitor and mitigate against these potential
conflicts of interest.
Conflicts Related to Allocation to Affiliate Accounts Potential conflicts of interest also arise involving both the aggregation of trade orders and allocation of
securities transactions or investment opportunities. Allocations of aggregated trades and allocation of
investment opportunities raise a potential conflict of interest because JPMPI has an incentive to allocate
trades or investment opportunities to certain accounts or funds. Fees earned for accounts managed by
affiliates ("Affiliate Accounts") are generally higher than fees for the Programs. In addition, the assets under
management for individual Affiliate Accounts are generally higher than the assets under management for
individual Program accounts. Therefore, affiliates can receive more gross compensation with respect to
Affiliate Accounts than JPMS and JPMPI receive from Program accounts. This creates a potential conflict
of interest for JPMPI and its affiliates or the portfolio managers by providing an incentive to favor these
Affiliate Accounts as to time spent managing such accounts, placing securities transactions or when
allocating securities to clients. JPMPI has established policies, procedures and practices to manage the
conflicts described above to assure that accounts are treated equitably and fairly over time. See Item 12
below for more information.
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Brokerage Practices A. Factors Considered in Selecting or Recommending Broker-Dealers for Client Transactions Broker
Selection
For all Programs except for C-BoS and MFAP, clients invested in this program authorize and direct JPMPI,
in the client agreement, to effect transactions for their accounts through JPMS, subject to JPMPI's duty to
seek best execution and JPMS' capacity and willingness to execute the transaction. Although JPMPI has
discretion to select brokers or dealers other than JPMS, JPMPI primarily places such trades through JPMS
because the wrap fee paid by each wrap program account client only covers execution costs on trades
executed through JPMS. Certain securities included in the clients’ portfolios can be less liquid or are traded
infrequently. If faced with a liquidity constraint, to fulfill its duty to seek best execution of transactions for
its clients’ accounts, JPMPI can select broker-dealers other than JPMS or its affiliates to affect a trade for
a wrap program account client and any execution costs charged by other broker-dealers will be paid by
the client’s account.
In the event JPMPI selects other brokers for the above Programs, as well as all trades in C-BoS, for the
execution of transactions for client accounts, it does so in accordance with its best execution policies and
procedures. In making decisions about best execution, JPMPI considers some of the factors below,
including:
• The execution venues available for such instruments
• Price, costs, and commission rates charged
• Speed of execution or priority placed upon an order by the portfolio manager or client
• Likelihood of execution and settlement
• Relative size of the order
• Consistent quality of overall service from the counterparty
When assessing the relative importance of these factors, JPMPI will also consider the characteristics of the
client, the client’s order, and the financial instruments that are subject of the order and the execution venues
to which that order can be directed.
1. Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits. JPMPI does not receive research or other soft dollar benefits in connection with client transactions
in the Programs.
2. Brokerage for Client Referrals. JPMPI does not compensate persons for client referrals to the Programs.
3. Directed Brokerage. Clients are not permitted to direct brokerage in the Programs.
B. Order Aggregation
JPMPI generally aggregates contemporaneous purchase or sale orders of the same security or Fund
across multiple client accounts (the “Participating Accounts”). Pursuant to JPMPI’s trade aggregation and
allocation policies and procedures, JPMPI determines the appropriate facts and circumstances under which
it will aggregate trade orders depending on the particular asset class, investment strategy or type of security
or instrument and timing of order flow and execution. It then will seek to allocate the order fairly and
equitably across platforms, products, strategies within one product, and across accounts, generally on a
pro-rata basis.
When Participating Accounts’ orders are aggregated, the orders will be placed with JPMS or if best
execution can be achieved by executing away it will be placed with one or more broker-dealers or other
counterparties for execution. When an order or block trade is not completely filled in one trade and the
order is filled at several different prices, JPMPI generally allocates the securities or other instruments
purchased or the proceeds of any sale pro-rata, subject to odd lots, rounding, and market practice, among
the Participating Accounts, based on such accounts’ relative size.
JPMPI Exceptions to the Pro-Rata Allocation Although aggregating orders and pro-rata allocation is the preferred methodology for processing trades,
when there are large Fund orders, whether purchasing or selling, for a Program (JPMCAP, CSP and
Advisory Program - Multi-Manager Select Advisory Strategies) or for different strategies within a Program
(e.g., conservative, balanced, growth and aggressive growth investment strategies), the trades are
generally not aggregated and allocated on a pro-rata basis. For example, large Fund orders are not
aggregated or allocated on a pro-rata basis if portfolio management decisions relating to the orders are
made separately, or if client orders from certain Programs or groups of Participating Accounts are not ready
to trade at the same time as other Participating Accounts or if aggregating orders are not practicable from
an operational or other perspective. JPMPI’s trading guidelines for the Funds provide an established
mechanism for creating a random trade schedule to determine the order in which trade instructions are
transmitted for each Program or strategy. The trade schedule can be adjusted based on market
circumstances in order to allow a complete Program or strategy to be filled on a particular trading day.
Orders from certain Programs could consistently be processed on a lag from those of others Program
investing in the same Funds or securities due to a Program’s processing limitations, leading to divergence
in pricing and performance.
Another exception to the pro-rata allocation is when a portfolio manager manages two strategies (such as
the Digital Evolution Strategy and the Innovators Strategy), in which case trades of the same security will
not always be aggregated. Orders from certain strategies could be processed at different times and with
different pricing from those of others strategies investing in the same securities.
Additionally, in some instances, trading restrictions imposed by client guidelines might preclude such client
from being included in the aggregation of trades or a pro-rata allocation, in which case the aggregated
trades of the other clients will be executed in advance of the trade for the client account that is precluded.
Adjustments or changes will also be made on a basis other than pro-rata under certain circumstances such
as, but not limited to, cash investments, cash disbursements, operational issues with accounts, the
avoidance of odd lots or small allocations or the satisfaction of account cash flows or the compliance with
investment guidelines.
Where there is an exception to pro-rata allocation, pricing received by clients across Participating Accounts
will likely differ.
JPMPI and its Affiliates Limitations on Trade Orders Certain JPMPI, JPMCB and JPMIM portfolio managers manage similar strategies and the trades are not
aggregated together for all clients.
JPMPI portfolio managers can place trades in specific securities simultaneously with the trading activities
of other clients in a similar security (including certain clients of JPMCB and JPMIM). In order to seek to
ensure that all clients are receiving similar trading experiences and in order to minimize potential execution
costs arising from the market impact of trading the same securities, JPMPI will implement trade order
volume controls. A trade order volume control will limit the amount of trading in a specific security to a
determined percentage of the daily market volume.
Additionally, when JPMPI Programs that invest in Funds, if JPMPI redeems a large position in a Fund
together with JPMCB, certain Funds may require JPMPI and JPMCB to sell out of the Fund in multiple
transactions over the course of a long period. Therefore, JPMPI and JPMCB can have different execution
experiences. In addition, when purchasing the same Funds for JPMPI and JPMCB, generally, for
operational reasons, certain trades will be executed for JPMCB clients ahead of JPMPI clients.
In the course of monitoring the above-noted trading activities, JPMPI attempts to ensure that its clients are
treated fairly and equitably over time compared to other clients.
Notwithstanding the above, order aggregation for Advisory Program and JPMCAP accounts that will remain
in the Legacy Models/Strategies will be implemented differently from current Multi-Manager Select Advisory
Strategies and JPMCAP as previously described in Item 4.B, which can lead to a difference in performance.
Transition Models, as previously described in Item 4.B, will be implemented in a similar fashion to the
corresponding JPMCAP models.
Exceptions for C-BoS For C-BoS, orders for different strategies or programs managed by JPMPI are not aggregated if portfolio
management decisions relating to the orders are made separately or if aggregating orders is not practicable
from an operational or other perspective. In addition, certain JPMPI portfolio managers manage similar
strategies that are available through JPMPI’s affiliates and that are not aggregated with orders for clients
invested in this program. In some instances, trading restrictions imposed by client guidelines might
preclude the aggregation of trades, in which case, the aggregated trades will be executed in advance of
the trade for the client account that is precluded.
Where transactions for a client’s account are not aggregated with orders for other accounts, pricing received
by that client may differ. Executing brokers may be permitted to trade along with client orders, subject to
applicable law.
For the primary market, before entering an order to purchase a security, the portfolio manager will decide
and indicate the participating client accounts and the intended allocation for each of those clients’ accounts
based on each client’s Customized Portfolio (the “Initial Indication”). The Initial Indication is not dependent
on the individual account size, but on what the portfolio manager decides is necessary for the account. If
not enough of a security is available for purchase to meet the aggregate order for all relevant C-BoS
accounts based on all Initial Indications (a “Partial Order”), JPMPI generally seeks to allocate securities to
C-BoS accounts on a
pro-rata basis based on the Initial Indication for the relevant C-BoS accounts (and
not the individual C-BoS account size), generally subject to rounding. At any future time, if cash is remaining
in one or more C-BoS accounts, the portfolio manager can make a determination to buy bonds or securities
in the Secondary Market following JPMPI’s trade aggregation and allocation policies and procedures, as
described above.
The portfolio manager generally takes a “buy and hold” approach for C-MAP and C-TAX (with the general
intention to hold the bonds to maturity) while maintaining ongoing credit oversight. As a result, the bonds in
the C-MAP and C-TAX portfolios generally are not actively traded. The proceeds from maturing bonds are
generally reinvested into new bond positions. The portfolio manager in its discretion can decide to sell a
bond in a C-MAP or C-TAX account for the following reasons: the credit team determines that the bonds
are no longer a desirable investment (a “credit call”), the portfolio manager restructures an account to better
align with its guidelines, or the client requests a sale (e.g., to raise cash or recognize a taxable gain or loss,
as applicable). With respect to C-PREP, the portfolio manager generally takes an active approach in trading
securities in the portfolio and may, in its discretion, sell for a variety of tactical reasons in addition to a credit
call. In the event a credit call is made with respect to a particular security for C-MAP, C-TAX or C-PREP
accounts, the C-BoS portfolio manager will seek to sell out of that security at the same time. In
circumstances where the security cannot be sold in its entirety, such as due to insufficient liquidity, partial
sales will be allocated on a
pro rata basis, generally subject to rounding. With respect to C-PREP tactical
sales of securities, JPMPI will aggregate orders where appropriate at the discretion of the portfolio manager
and in compliance with JPMPI's policies and procedures.
Trade Errors Trade errors and other operational mistakes occasionally occur in connection with JPMPI’s management
of client accounts. JPMPI has developed policies and procedures that address the identification and
correction of trade errors. Errors can result from a variety of situations including, situations involving
portfolio management (e.g., inadvertent violation of investment restrictions), trading, processing or other
functions (e.g., miscommunication of information, such as wrong number of shares, wrong price, wrong
account, calling the transaction a buy rather than a sell and vice versa, etc.).
JPMPI's policies and procedures require that all errors affecting a client’s account be resolved promptly
and fairly. Under certain circumstances, JPMPI may consider whether it is possible to adequately address
an error through cancellation, correction, reallocation of losses and gains or other means. The intent of the
policy is to restore a client account to the appropriate financial position considering all relevant
circumstances surrounding the error.
JPMPI makes its determinations pursuant to its error policies on a case-by-case basis, in its discretion,
based on factors it considers reasonable. Relevant facts and circumstances JPMPI may consider include,
among others, the nature of the service being provided at the time of the incident; whether intervening
causes, including the action or inaction of third parties, caused or contributed to the incident; specific
applicable contractual and legal restrictions and standards of care; whether a client’s investment objective
was contravened; the nature of a client’s investment program; whether a contractual guideline was violated;
the nature and materiality of the relevant circumstances; and the materiality of any resulting losses.
JPMPI’s policies and procedures generally do not require perfect implementation of investment
management decisions, trading, processing or other functions performed by JPMPI. Therefore, not all
mistakes will be considered compensable to the client. Imperfections in the implementation of investment
decisions, quantitative strategies, financial modeling, trade execution, cash movements, portfolio
rebalancing, processing instructions or facilitation of securities settlement, imperfection in processing
corporate actions, or imperfection in the generation of cash or holdings reports resulting in trade decisions
may not constitute compensable errors, depending on the facts and circumstances. In addition, in managing
accounts, JPMPI may establish non-public, formal or informal internal targets, or other parameters that may
be used to manage risk, manage sub-advisers or otherwise guide decision-making, and a failure to adhere
to such internal parameters will not be considered an error.
Conflicts of Interest Related to Aggregation and Allocation Potential conflicts of interest may arise with both the aggregation and allocation of securities transactions
and allocation of investment opportunities because of market factors or investment restrictions imposed
upon JPMPI and its affiliates by law, regulation, contract, or internal policies. Allocations of aggregated
trades, particularly trade orders that were only partially completed due to limited availability and allocation
of investment opportunities generally, could raise a potential conflict of interest, as JPMPI or its affiliates
may have an incentive to allocate securities that are expected to increase in value to favored
accounts. Initial public offerings, in particular, are frequently of very limited availability. JPMPI and its
affiliates could be perceived as causing accounts they manage to participate in an initial public offering to
increase JPMPI’s and its affiliates’ overall allocation of securities in that offering. A potential conflict of
interest would also arise if transactions in one account closely follow related transactions in a different
account, such as when a purchase increases the value of securities previously purchased by another
account or when a sale in one account lowers the sale price received in a sale by a second account.
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Review of Accounts A. Frequency and Nature of Review of Client Accounts
JPMPI creates guidelines and periodically reviews the investment strategies, Funds, and SMA Managers
available in JPMCAP, CSP, the Advisory Program, STRATIS and MFAP in an effort to ensure that the
strategies, Funds, and SMA Managers continue to meet applicable requirements. For C-BoS accounts, the
C-BoS portfolio manager creates guidelines and periodically reviews the underlying holdings in an effort to
ensure that the strategies continue to meet applicable requirements and that each C-BoS account aligns
with its Customized Portfolio. For accounts where JPMPI has discretion and that have requested
investment restrictions, JPMPI is responsible for periodically monitoring the accounts to ensure compliance
with the requested restrictions. JPMPI reviews individual client accounts for adherence with the guidelines.
B. Factors Prompting Review of Client Accounts Other than a Periodic Review
For JPMCAP, CSP, the Advisory Program and STRATIS, JPMPI performs a review of an individual client
account on an other than periodic basis, including but not limited to, when a JPMPI portfolio manager
changes an allocation to an investment strategy model, an account drifts or deviates from its respective
investment strategy model, upon a client request relating to the account (e.g. the addition or withdrawal of
funds by the client), or a corporate action.
For C-BoS, JPMPI portfolio managers perform a review of an individual client account on an other than
periodic basis upon a client inquiry or request relating to the account, including but not limited to a change
to the client’s Customized Portfolio, the addition or withdrawal of funds by the client in the C-BoS account
as bonds mature, a credit sale or a corporate action.
C. Content and Frequency of Account Reports to Clients
JPMPI does not provide performance reports to Program clients. Clients receive written account
statements from JPMS or the client’s custodian and also receive written quarterly performance reports
from JPMS.
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Client Referrals and Other Compensation A. Economic Benefits for Providing Services to Clients
No person who is not a client provides an economic benefit to JPMPI for providing investment advice or
other advisory services to Program accounts. Notwithstanding the forgoing and subject to compliance with
applicable law, JPMPI and/or its affiliates derives ancillary benefits from providing investment advisory
services to clients. For example, providing such advisory services to clients generally helps JPMPI
enhance its relationships with various parties and facilitate additional business development, and also
enables JPMPI and its related persons to obtain additional business and generate additional revenue. In
addition, J.P. Morgan may derive ancillary benefits from certain decisions made by JPMPI on behalf of
clients. J.P. Morgan may receive administrative and servicing and other fees for providing services to both
J.P. Morgan Affiliated Funds and third-party funds that are held in the client’s portfolio. While JPMPI has
an obligation to make decisions for the best interests of its clients, in certain circumstances, JPMPI can
make investments or decisions that result in greater fees, allocations, compensation, or other benefits to
J.P. Morgan than if other decisions had been made which also might have been appropriate.
The Code of Conduct does not permit employees to accept anything of value personally in connection with
the business of the firm. Subject to strictly enforced compliance policies, in limited circumstances
exceptions will be made for certain nominal non-cash gifts, meals, refreshments and entertainment
provided in the course of a host-attended business-related meeting or other occasion.
B. Compensation to Non-Supervised Persons for Client Referrals
Neither JPMPI nor any related person of JPMPI directly or indirectly compensates any person who is not
its supervised person for client referrals to a Program.
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Custody JPMPI generally does not maintain physical custody of client assets. Client assets are typically held by a
qualified custodian pursuant to a separate custody agreement. However, pursuant to Rule 206(4)-2 under
the Advisers Act, JPMPI may be deemed to have custody of client assets under certain circumstances.
JPMPI might be deemed to have custody of clients’ assets because JPMS directly or indirectly holds clients’
funds or securities or has authority to obtain possession of them. Clients will receive account statements
at least quarterly directly from JPMS. Clients should also carefully review such account statements. Clients
may also receive account statements from JPMS. Clients are encouraged to compare the account
statements that they receive from their qualified custodian with those that they receive from JPMS. If clients
do not receive statements at least quarterly from their qualified custodian in a timely manner, they should
contact JPMS immediately.
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Investment Discretion JPMS and the client execute an investment advisory agreement authorizing JPMPI to act on behalf of the
account. Execution of such agreement authorizes JPMPI to supervise and direct the investment and
reinvestment of assets in the client’s account on the client’s behalf and at the client’s risk.
JPMCAP and CSP
JPMPI has full discretionary authority, to be exercised in its exclusive judgment and consistent with the
investment strategy selected by the client, to determine the allocation of assets among Funds and, at
appropriate asset levels, Liquid Alternative Funds or other securities through SMA Managers; to remove
or replace Funds or SMA Managers; and to provide trade instructions to JPMS for each investment
strategy.
Advisory Program, STRATIS and C-BoS JPMPI has full discretionary authority, to be exercised in its exclusive judgment and consistent with the
strategy selected by the client, to determine the allocation of assets in the strategies and for the Advisory
Program, to remove or replace Funds or Model Managers.
MFAP
In MFAP, JPMPI creates the asset allocation targets and ranges for the MFAP Models and to approve,
remove or replace Funds available to clients in the MFAP Models. The Funds and asset allocation
percentages may be changed from time to time by JPMPI, and appropriate trades will be effected in client
accounts to conform to those changes, without notice to clients.
PMP and DFI JPMPI provides research services and does not have investment discretion.
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Voting Client Securities A. Policies and Procedures Relating to Voting Client Securities
JPMCAP, CSP, Advisory Program and C-BoS JPMPI will not vote proxies (or give advice about how to vote proxies) relating to securities or other property
currently or formerly held in a client’s account.
JPMPI will receive and respond to corporate actions with respect to securities in a client’s account, such
as: any conversion option; execution of waivers, consents, and other instruments; and consents to any
plan of reorganization, merger, combination, consolidation, liquidation, or similar plan. Each client has the
right and responsibility to take any actions with respect to any legal proceedings, including without
limitation, bankruptcies and shareholder litigation, and the right to initiate or pursue any legal proceedings,
including without limitation, shareholder litigation, including with respect to transactions, securities, or other
investments held in the client’s account or the issuers thereof. JPMPI is not obligated to render any advice
or take any action on a client’s behalf regarding securities or other property held in the client’s account, or
the issuers thereof, which become the subject of any legal proceedings, including without limitation,
bankruptcies and shareholder litigation, to which any securities or other investments held or previously
held in the account, or the issuers thereof, become subject. In addition, JPMPI is not obligated to initiate
or pursue any legal proceedings, including without limitation, shareholder litigation, on behalf of a client’s
account, including with respect to transactions, securities, or other investment held or previously held, in
the client’s account or the issuers thereof.
STRATIS
JPMPI has delegated proxy voting authority to J.P. Morgan Asset Management (“JPMAM”). To ensure that
the proxies are voted in the best interests of its clients, JPMAM has adopted detailed proxy voting
procedures (“Procedures”) pursuant to Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act that incorporate detailed proxy
guidelines (“Guidelines”) for voting proxies on specific types of issues.
Most routine proxy matters will be voted in accordance with the Guidelines, which have been developed
with the objective of encouraging corporate action that enhances shareholder value. Because proxy
proposals and individual company facts and circumstances may vary, JPMAM may not always vote proxies
in accordance with the Guidelines.
JPMAM has retained an independent proxy voting services to vote in situations where a material conflict
may exist. This includes voting any J.P. Morgan securities and shares of J.P. Morgan mutual funds held in
any JPMAM client accounts.
In situations in which the Guidelines recommend a case-by-case analysis or where a vote contrary to the
independent proxy voting services recommendation is considered appropriate, the Procedures require a
certification and review process to be completed by appropriate investment professionals. That process is
designed to identify actual or potential material conflicts of interest and ensure that the proxy vote is cast in
the best interests of clients.
To oversee and monitor the proxy-voting process, JPMAM has established a proxy committee and
appointed a proxy administrator (“Proxy Administrator”) in each global location where proxies are voted.
The proxy committee is composed of a representative of the Proxy Administrator, senior business officers
of JPMAM and representatives of each of the Legal, Compliance and Risk Management Departments. The
proxy committee will meet periodically to review general proxy-voting matters, review and approve the
Guidelines annually, and provide advice and recommendations on general proxy-voting matters as well as
on specific voting issues.
In order to maintain the integrity and independence of JPMPI’s investment processes and decisions,
including proxy voting decisions, and to protect JPMPI’s decisions from influences that could lead to a vote
other than in the clients’ best interests, J.P. Morgan (including JPMPI) adopted a Safeguard Policy, and
established formal informational barriers designed to restrict the flow of information from J.P. Morgan’s
securities, lending, investment banking and other divisions to JPMAM and JPMPI investment professionals.
Material conflicts of interest are further avoided by voting in accordance with JPMAM’s predetermined
Guidelines. Examples of material conflicts of interest that could arise include without limitation
circumstances in which: (i) management of a JPMPI client or prospective client, distributor or prospective
distributor of its investment management products, or critical vendor is soliciting proxies and failure to vote
in favor of management may harm JPMPI’s relationship with such company and materially impact JPMPI’s
business; or (ii) a personal relationship between a JPMPI officer and management of a company or other
proponent of a proxy proposal could impact JPMPI’s voting decisions.
Depending on the nature of the conflict of interest, JPMAM, in the course of addressing the conflict, may
elect to take one or more of the following measures, or other appropriate action:
• Removing certain JPMAM personnel from the proxy voting process;
• “Walling off” personnel with knowledge of the conflict to ensure that such personnel do
not influence the relevant proxy vote;
• Voting in accordance with the applicable Guidelines, if any, if the applicable Guidelines
would objectively result in the casting of a proxy vote in a predetermined manner; or
• Deferring the vote to the Independent Voting Service, if any, that will vote in accordance
with its own recommendation.
The resolution of all potential and actual material conflict issues will be documented in order to demonstrate
that JPMPI acted in the best interests of its clients.
Clients may obtain a copy of JPMAM’s Proxy Voting Procedures and information about how JPMAM voted
the client’s proxies by contacting their client service representative or financial advisor.
Corporate actions for STRATIS will be handled in a similar manner as the description above in “JPMCAP,
CSP, Advisory Program and C-BoS” of this Item 17.
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Financial Information JPMPI does not require or solicit prepayment of more than $1,200 in fees per client six months or more in
advance and, thus, has not included a balance sheet of its most recent fiscal year. JPMPI is not aware of
any financial condition that is reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet its contractual commitments to
clients, nor has JPMPI been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time during the past ten years.
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