Brave Warrior’s investment strategy focuses on clients investing in a limited number of long
equity positions. Investments are made in demonstrably healthy businesses that Brave Warrior
believes will be successful in the long-term. Brave Warrior endeavors to buy at prices that will
protect clients’ capital from substantial erosion should fundamentals diverge from expectations.
Clients’ assets under management are invested in securities chosen entirely at the discretion of the
Advisor (provided that a client may specifically request that their account not be invested in a
particular security for legal or special concerns) after the Advisor explains its investment approach
and ascertains that the client is generally prepared to invest at least $5 million as a long-term
investment in the equity markets without specialized needs that would require modification of the
portfolio of stocks.
Brave Warrior was founded in 2009 and is solely owned by Glenn H. Greenberg. As of December
31, 2019, Brave Warrior managed approximately $3,057,8,000 of regulatory assets under
management on a discretionary basis on behalf of approximately 289 accounts.
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Except as noted below, fees are generally non-negotiable and are charged on a quarterly basis, in
arrears, at the rate of 0.5% of the assets under management, including accrued dividends, as of the
last business day of the calendar quarter (i.e., 2% annually). Dependent on the individual
arrangement selected by each client, fees charged for Brave Warrior’s advisory services may be
deducted from the client’s account, or paid by the client via check/wire. Brave Warrior may adjust
fees on a pro rata basis to reflect any material account contributions or withdrawals that Brave
Warrior, in its sole discretion determines would result in material fee adjustments.
Brave Warrior reserves the right to reduce or waive fees for client accounts. Brave Warrior provides
investment advice to accounts of the Principal, certain family members of, and family trusts or other
entities formed by or for the benefit of, the Principal, current and former employees, family members
of employees, two retired former traders and accounts valued less than $200,000 on a fee-waived
basis
. Brave Warrior calculates its management fee based on values derived from an independent pricing
source, which provides a master pricing file that ensures pricing uniformity for all of Brave
Warrior’s clients’ management fees. Many of Brave Warrior’s clients are custodied at Pershing;
however, some clients custody their assets at other custodians. Each client receives a statement from
their custodian at least quarterly (see the
Custody section for more information).
Clients may request in writing that (i) upon a partial withdrawal from an account, Brave Warrior
continue to manage the account as if such amount had not been withdrawn, or (ii) Brave Warrior
manage the account based on a notional asset value that is in excess of the actual value of the
account; in each case, new investments made on behalf of the account may be made using margin
borrowing. Historically, a name utilized to describe this practice is “A-Field”. At the time of this
filing, Brave Warrior has six clients that made such a request. To the extent that a client has
requested in writing that Brave Warrior disregard a withdrawal in managing the account or
manage the account based on a notional asset value, as described above, the fee will be determined
based upon a value of the account that disregards such withdrawal or reflects the notional asset value
of such account, as applicable.
A client is able to cancel an investment advisory contract without penalty within five business
days after the date of its execution by the client. Thereafter, either party is able to cancel an advisory
contract by giving 30 days' prior written notice. If Brave Warrior or the client cancels the contract,
the fee for the quarter will be pro-rated over the period during which the contract was in effect based
on the value of the assets in the client’s account on the date of cancellation.
Brave Warrior may invest a portion of clients’ assets in registered investment companies, including,
but not limited to, mutual funds. Advisers to such funds charge a management fee in addition to
Brave Warrior’s management fee. Clients may incur fees from their custodian. Further, clients
will incur brokerage costs; please see the
Brokerage Practices section for more information.
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Brave Warrior primarily provides customized investment supervisory services to individuals and
associated trusts, estates, or charitable organizations. In addition, Brave Warrior provides investment
advice to endowments, corporations and other businesses.
Brave Warrior generally requires a minimum of $5 million in assets for the establishment and
maintenance of an investment advisory account. Brave Warrior, in its discretion, may accept
investment advisory accounts under this minimum.
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Brave Warrior invests primarily in equity positions. Brave Warrior offers an investment strategy
focused on holding a limited number of long equity positions. Brave Warrior conducts fundamental
analysis on all securities purchased for client accounts. In making its investment decisions, Brave
Warrior may rely on internally generated research derived from annual reports, prospectuses, filings
with the SEC, corporate press releases, inspections of corporate activities, conversations with the
firm and/or competitors, financial newspapers, magazines and other sources. Brave Warrior may
also use research materials prepared by others in making an investment decision, including third-
party consultants. During the research process, Brave Warrior makes an assessment of the quality
of the security in question by, among other things, examining financial metrics of the relevant
company, the integrity and strategic vision of the management team and the ability to execute such
strategy, as well as the attractiveness and risks of the company’s industry.
Risk of Loss
All investing involves a risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. The investment strategies
offered by Brave Warrior could lose money over short or long periods of time. Identifying
undervalued securities and other assets is difficult, and there are no assurances that Brave
Warrior’s investment strategies will succeed. Brave Warrior cannot give any guarantee that it will
achieve a client’s investment objectives or that clients will receive a return of its investment.
Below is a summary of potentially material risks for each significant Brave Warrior investment
strategy used, the methods of analysis used, and/or the particular type of security recommended.
• Dependence on Key Individual - Client portfolios are dependent on the continued service
and active investment efforts of the Principal, Mr. Glenn H. Greenberg.
• Lack of Diversification. The Advisor’s investment strategy is to hold less than 20 stocks,
which means that it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of fewer
issuers. Holding fewer stocks may increase volatility of returns.
• Stock Market Risk - There is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock
markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.
• Brave Warrior may rely on information that turns out to be wrong. Brave Warrior selects
investments based, in part, on information provided by issuers to regulators or made
directly available to Brave Warrior by the issuers or other sources. Brave Warrior is not
always able to confirm the completeness or accuracy of such information, and in some cases,
complete and accurate information is not available. Incorrect or incomplete information
increases risk and could result in losses.
• Brave Warrior may fail to identify successful companies. Identifying undervalued securities
and other assets is difficult, and there are no assurances that such a strategy will succeed.
Furthermore, clients may be forced to hold such investments for a substantial period of
time before realizing any anticipated value.
• Investing in securities entails risks associated with the underlying business. Investments in
securities entails all the risks associated with the underlying businesses, including reliance
on a company’s managers and their ability to execute business strategies. In addition, all
businesses face risks such as adverse changes in regulatory requirements, interest rate and
currency fluctuations, general economic downturns, changes in political situations, market
competitions and other factors. Brave Warrior will not have day-to-day control over any
company in which it invests for clients.
• Cyberattacks and security vulnerabilities could result in a breach for Brave Warrior, its
vendors or the underlying companies in which we invest. A breach could potentially result
in the disclosure of client data, misuse of confidential information or theft of assets.
• Clients will be subject to the risk of loss arising from exposure that it may incur, indirectly,
due to the occurrence of various events, including hurricanes, earthquakes, and other natural
disasters, terrorism and other catastrophic events such as a pandemic. These catastrophic
risks of loss can be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on Brave Warrior’s
business and Clients’ portfolios including investments made by Brave Warrior.
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Brave Warrior and its employees have not been involved in any legal or disciplinary events in the
past 10 years that would be material to a client’s evaluation of the company or its personnel.
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Brave Warrior and its employees do not have any relationships or arrangements with other related
person companies that pose material conflicts of interest.
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Personal Trading
Brave Warrior buys and sells the same securities for its clients as it does for the Principal of the
Advisor and certain of his family members and may buy and sell such securities for certain
employees and certain of their family members. This practice presents inherent conflicts of
interests, such as Brave Warrior, the Principal, employees, and/or certain of their family members:
1) trading before clients (i.e. front-running), and/or; 2) receiving a better price than clients. To
mitigate (potential) conflicts of interest associated with personal trading, Brave Warrior has adopted
a Code of Ethics and Policies Governing Personal Securities Transactions (the “Code”) that obligates
all principals, officers, directors and employees to put the interests of Brave Warrior’s clients before
their own personal interests and to act honestly and fairly in all respects in their dealings with
clients. With limited exceptions, all shares purchased and sold on the same trading day are allocated
via a computer program among all accounts, including accounts for the Principal, employees and
their respective family members, and all other clients. Under no circumstances will the accounts of
the Principal, employees or their respective family members receive a more advantageous price than
client accounts for a particular security purchased or sold on the same trading day. It is anticipated
that all accounts of the Principal, his immediate family members and all other clients have a
substantially similar percentage of assets in each security (though account composition will vary
to some extent based upon a number of factors, including different investment objectives or
restrictions, risk profiles, timing of actual or anticipated capital additions or withdrawals, and
problems of allocating small numbers of shares). As mentioned above, to the extent certain accounts
have different security weightings (as a result of the factors mentioned above), securities may be
purchased and sold for such accounts when other client accounts are not purchasing or selling the
same security. Employees (other than the Principal) and their family members may not necessarily
have the same account composition as the Principal and other clients. With limited exceptions,
trades for these employees and their family members are required to be approved by the Principal
prior to the execution of such trades.
All clients receive an information statement summarizing this “Side-By-Side Trading Approach and
Procedures” (the “Side-By-Side Policy”). All of Brave Warrior’s personnel are also required to
comply with all applicable federal securities laws. As described above, under Brave Warrior’s Side-
By-Side Policy, Brave Warrior’s Principal invests the bulk of his investment assets in the same
core positions as Brave Warrior’s clients and generally participate proportionately with clients in
these core positions. The Code requires Brave Warrior personnel and other access persons to pre-
clear certain securities transactions, disclose their reportable securities holdings and business
activities annually, and provide quarterly reports regarding personal trading. Clients and prospective
clients may obtain a copy of the Code by contacting Donna Downing, the Chief Compliance
Officer, via e-mail (
[email protected]) or by telephone at (212) 421-9760.
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Brave Warrior has discretionary authority to select the brokers through whom transactions for its
clients will be carried out. Since Brave Warrior manages a relatively small pool of assets, it will
limit itself to a relatively small number of brokers so as to remain an important customer for each,
thereby seeking the best service, most timely information flow and best execution. These are the
three most important criteria in Brave Warrior’s selection of brokers. In addition, the value of
products or services that a broker may provide to Brave Warrior, which assist Brave Warrior in its
investment decision-making process, may be a factor in choosing a broker. Outstanding trade
execution capability and superior service may be given greater emphasis than obtaining the absolute
lowest commission on transactions. For clients that utilize Pershing as a custodian, Brave
Warrior uses Pershing’s (“PAS”) platform for those clients’ transactions. Brave Warrior typically
will only utilize brokers that were approved by PAS (on the PAS platform). This practice
may be viewed as a best execution risk because Brave Warrior is not necessarily free to use any
broker for client transactions unless they “trade away” from PAS. However, Brave Warrior may
only utilize PAS approved brokers to avoid “trade away” fees, trade error risks, operational costs,
and in order to uphold Brave Warrior’s duty to seek best execution for clients’ securities
transactions.
At least annually, selected Brave Warrior employees meet to systematically evaluate the execution
performance of its brokers. The review of brokers consists of various factors including, as
applicable: names of brokers; average commission rate charged by each broker; services, if any,
provided by the broker other than execution; whether the execution services were satisfactory;
reason for using that broker; unusual trends; and potential conflicts of interest. Any other factors
Brave Warrior thinks necessary will also be considered in order for Brave Warrior to make a
reasonable decision about best execution determinations.
Brave Warrior has entered into a commission sharing arrangement in which a portion of the
commissions or trades executed by Brave Warrior on behalf of its Clients are aggregated and used
to compensate certain independent research providers for the research services they provide. Brave
Warrior also receives research (proprietary or from third-parties) and other ancillary services (e.g.
conference access) from brokers. Brave Warrior generally requires brokers with whom it does
business to provide research information on securities, industries or economic trends. When Brave
Warrior uses
client brokerage commissions (or markups or markdowns) to obtain research or other
products or services, it receives a benefit because Brave Warrior does not have to produce or pay
for the research, products or services. Further, an investment adviser may have an incentive to
select a broker-dealer based on our interest in receiving the research or other products or services,
rather than on our
clients’ interest in receiving most favorable execution. In conjunction with
Brave Warrior’s periodic best execution analyses, Brave Warrior will review products and services
received from broker-dealers to ensure Brave Warrior is in compliance with the safe harbor of
Section 28(e); further, Brave Warrior will make a good faith determination that the value of the
brokerage and research services obtained is reasonable in relation to the amount of the
commissions paid. Please see the
Client Referrals and Other Compensation section below for
additional disclosures.
Brave Warrior generally aggregates orders for its clients’ accounts for trade execution with the
same broker. When orders are aggregated, each participating account will be allocated securities on
an average price basis. It is anticipated that all accounts of the Principal, his respective family
members and all other clients will have a substantially similar percentage of assets in each
security (though account composition will vary to some extent based upon a number of factors,
including different investment objectives or restrictions, risk profiles, timing of actual or anticipated
capital additions or withdrawals, and problems of allocating small numbers of shares). To the extent
certain accounts have different security weightings (as a result of the factors mentioned above),
securities may be purchased and sold for such accounts when other client accounts are not
purchasing or selling the same security. On occasion when an order is partially filled, participating
accounts will receive a pro rata average priced allocation, subject to exceptions resulting from the
account composition factors described above. From time to time, Brave Warrior may engage in
“opposite trading,” when on the same day one client buys a security and a different client account
sells the same security. Brave Warrior’s employees (other than Brave Warrior’s Principal) and
their family members may not necessarily have the same account composition as Brave Warrior's
Principal and other clients. With limited exceptions, all shares purchased and sold on the same
trading day are allocated via a computer program among all accounts, including accounts for Brave
Warrior's Principal, employees and his respective family members, and all other clients. Under no
circumstances will the accounts of Brave Warrior’s Principal, employees or their respective family
members receive a more advantageous price than client accounts for a particular security purchased
or sold on the same trading day. Brave Warrior allocates investment opportunities among its clients
in a fair and equitable manner. As described above, order aggregation and allocation processes and
the timing of investments could result in varying performance across clients’ accounts.
In seeking best execution for transactions on behalf of clients, Brave Warrior, from time to time may
instruct the broker-dealer that executes the transaction to allocate, or “step-out”, a portion of such
transaction to another broker-dealer. Step-out transactions occur for accounts valued under
$110,000 and accounts custodied away from Pershing. The broker-dealer to which Brave Warrior
has “stepped out” would then settle and complete the designated portion of the transaction, and the
executing broker-dealer would settle and complete the remaining portion of the transaction that
has not been “stepped-out”. Each broker-dealer may receive a commission or brokerage fee with
respect to that portion of the transaction that it settles and completes. Step-out transactions allow
accounts custodied away from Pershing and Pershing accounts under $110,000 to be aggregated
with other Brave Warrior client accounts, and receive average pricing on transactions.
Brave Warrior will use its best efforts to assure that orders are entered correctly; however, to the
extent that an error occurs, it is to be (i) reported to the Chief Compliance Officer; and (ii) corrected
as soon as practicable. If an error is discovered on the trade date or thereafter, the trade will be
broken, if possible. If the executing broker cannot break the trade, the error should be reported
to the Chief Compliance Officer, who will investigate the matter and the trade (and its correcting
trade) will be allocated to Brave Warrior’s trade error account maintained at Pershing. Brave
Warrior is responsible for its own errors and not the errors of other persons, including third
party brokers and custodians, unless otherwise expressly agreed to by Brave Warrior. To the
extent that trades allocated to the Brave Warrior's error account are profitable; at the end of each
year all amounts relating to such profitable trades will be contributed by the Advisor to a charitable
organization. Brave Warrior may net trade error gains and losses in the trade error account;
this may benefit Brave Warrior by having to pay less for trade error losses.
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The Principal of Brave Warrior reviews (formally or informally) the portfolios of securities in which
its clients are invested on a continuous basis. Executions are verified within a day after each
purchase or sale. Upon capital contributions or withdrawals, the Principal of Brave Warrior reviews
the account(s) affected to determine any course of action that might be needed.
Clients receive the following written reports: trade confirmations on each transaction, including
commissions paid; monthly statements of activity in each account summarizing all trades, dividends
received and cash withdrawals or contributions; monthly summaries of all securities and cash
held in each account; and investment letters on a semi-annual basis reviewing Brave Warrior’s
investment strategy. Clients receive a statement of assets in the advisory account at the end of each
billing period, the billing factor and resulting advisory fee charged to each account. The Principal is
reasonably available to clients for consultation and, at least annually, Brave Warrior will contact
clients, in writing, with a request to notify the firm if their financial situation or investment
objectives have changed.
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Brave Warrior receives an economic benefit from Pershing in the form of support products and
services we and other independent investment advisors that have clients who maintain accounts at
Pershing may utilize. For example, Pershing assists Brave Warrior with the ability to utilize Advent
OnDemand, a Division of SS&C, which helps Brave Warrior in servicing client accounts. Products
and services provided by Pershing, how they benefit us, and the related conflicts of interest are
also described above (see Item 12 – Brokerage Practices). Although Brave Warrior finds
Pershing’s products and services to be valuable tools for servicing client accounts, Brave
Warrior’s receipt of products and/or services from Pershing may be viewed as a conflict of interest
for us to recommend Pershing as a custodian to clients. The availability of Pershing’s products
and services for Brave Warrior, however, is not based on us giving particular investment advice,
such as buying particular securities for our clients, or based on a specified level of trading
activity through Pershing Advisor Solutions.
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All clients’ accounts are held in custody by unaffiliated broker/dealers or banks, but the Advisor
can access certain clients’ funds through our ability to instruct the custodian to debit advisory
fees. In these cases, Brave Warrior is considered to have custody of client assets under Rule
206(4)-2 under the Advisers Act. Account custodians send statements directly to the account owners
on at least a quarterly basis. Clients should carefully review these statements, and should compare
these statements to any account information provided by Brave Warrior.
Client services can include the transfer of assets as instructed in a Standard Letter of Authorization.
While the Client’s qualified custodians are contractually responsible for executing a transfer or
withdrawal, Brave Warrior may receive instructions directly from the Client and then forward the
written requests to the Client’s custodian. All instructions for transfers or withdrawals must be in
writing and include the signature of an authorized individual. Brave Warrior additionally verifies all
written instructions received from Clients verbally.
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As disclosed above in the
Advisory Business section, Brave Warrior has full discretionary authority
with respect to investment advisory accounts to sell, purchase, exchange, trade in or generally to
invest and reinvest all assets at any time held in a client’s account. The Principal is the sole
decision maker for investment decisions for client accounts which are based on his own research as
well as research conducted by Brave Warrior’s research analysts. Brave Warrior maintains a
contingency plan for continuous management of client accounts in the event the Principal is
temporarily unavailable for any reason. Brave Warrior does not anticipate entering into client
agreements that allow a client to mandate or restrict the advisory decisions of Brave Warrior.
Clients, however, may request that Brave Warrior avoid investments in certain industries or
companies for their account due to legal or special concerns of the client. Should Brave Warrior
agree, contractually or informally, to a client-requested mandate or restriction of an account, Brave
Warrior will manage the account accordingly.
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Brave Warrior will accept authority, through a provision in a client’s advisory agreement, to vote
client securities. Brave Warrior has adopted Proxy Voting and Class Action Participation Policies
and Procedures (the “Procedures”) that are designed to ensure that Brave Warrior votes proxies with
respect to client securities in the best interests of its clients. All proxies that Brave Warrior receives
will be treated in accordance with the Procedures. The Procedures also require that Brave Warrior
identify and address conflicts of interest between Brave Warrior and its clients. If a material
conflict of interest exists, Brave Warrior will determine whether voting in accordance with the
guidelines set forth in the Procedures is in the best interests of the client or take some other
appropriate action (e.g., retain an independent third party to vote the proxy).
Brave Warrior generally votes in favor of routine corporate housekeeping proposals. For all other
proposals, Brave Warrior will determine whether a proposal is in the best interests of its clients
and may take into account the following factors, among others: (i) whether the proposal was
recommended by management and Brave Warrior’s opinion of management; (ii) whether the
proposal acts to entrench existing management; and (iii) whether the proposal fairly compensates
management for past and future performance. Clients may not direct proxy voting for particular
solicitations.
Clients may obtain a copy of Brave Warrior’s Procedures and information about how Brave
Warrior voted a client’s proxies by contacting either of Marion Tarko or Glenn H. Greenberg via
e-mail
([email protected] or [email protected]) or by telephone at (212) 421-
9760.
Clients that do not provide Brave Warrior authority, through an advisory agreement, to vote client
securities are responsible for voting any proxies, and should contact their custodian with questions
about receiving proxies and process for the client to execute voting on such proxies. Brave
Warrior does not forward proxies to such clients, but they may contact Brave Warrior (see contact
info directly above) with questions about a particular solicitation.
Brave Warrior does not generally direct Clients’ participation in class actions. On occasion, Brave
Warrior, in its sole discretion, may elect to participate in a class action on behalf of clients.
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Brave Warrior has never filed for bankruptcy, is not required to include a balance sheet for its
most recent fiscal year, and is not aware of any financial condition that is expected to affect its ability
to manage client accounts.
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