Clarion, its relying adviser, and the Managing Members and General Partners of the pooled
investment vehicles sponsored by the Company, (collectively “us” or “we”) provide investment
advisory, subadvisory, and other services principally to institutional investors, specializing in
sourcing, underwriting and managing real estate-related investments.
The Registrant was originally founded as Jones Lang Wootton Realty Advisors in 1982. From 1982
through 1996, Clarion operated as Jones Lang Wootton Realty Advisors, a venture between
management and the UK-based brokerage firm, Jones Lang Wootton (“JLW”). In 1996,
management bought-out JLW’s interest in the company and owned it privately until a sale to ING
Group in 1998. Clarion was wholly owned by ING Group from 1998 to 2011, and managed
autonomously as a real estate investment management business in the Americas. In June 2011,
following the global financial crisis, ING Group exited the real estate business and Clarion
executed a management buyout of its business. The Registrant was capitalized by senior
management of the Firm and an affiliate of Lightyear Capital (“Lightyear”), a private equity firm
specializing in the financial services industry.
In April 2016, Clarion became an investment management affiliate of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg
Mason”). Legg Mason acquired the entire ownership position of Clarion’s prior financial partner,
Lightyear, as well as a portion of Clarion management’s position. The existing Clarion
management team retained an ownership stake in the business of 18% and continues to maintain
significant personal investments in various Clarion funds. Through intermediate holding entities,
Clarion management and Legg Mason collectively own Clarion Partners Holdings LLC (“Holdings”),
which wholly owns Clarion. Consistent with other Legg affiliates, Clarion operates fairly
autonomously and retains control over its strategic business and investment activities. Day-to-day
operations continue to be managed by Clarion’s Executive Board, and the investment process
continues to be managed largely by the Equity Investment Committee (“IC”), though several
other firm Investment Committees have been developed with responsibility for certain Clarion
divisions or products as appropriate. On February 18, 2020, Legg Mason and Franklin Resources,
Inc. (“Franklin Templeton”) announced that they have entered into a definitive agreement for
Franklin Templeton to acquire Legg Mason (the “Transaction”). Upon closing, the combined global
investment management organization will have approximately $1.5 trillion in assets under
management. Clarion management will retain its 18% ownership stake and continue to operate
Clarion in the same manner as it has with Legg Mason, maintaining its investment independence.
Subject to receipt of approval by Legg Mason’s shareholders and satisfaction of customary closing
conditions, including receipt of applicable regulatory approvals, the Transaction is expected to
close no later than the third calendar quarter of 2020. As of March 31, 2019, the Registrant
manages approximately $50,330,456,142 in assets on behalf of various open-end and closed-end
private commingled investment vehicles (collectively, the “Funds”) and separately managed
account (“SMA”) clients (collectively, the “SMA Clients”), including approximately
$38,155,589,514 on a discretionary basis and approximately $12,174,866,628 on a non-
discretionary basis. In accordance with applicable exemptions/exceptions in the Securities Act of
1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Funds are available only to qualified
investors.
Clarion offers a range of real estate-related private equity investments, special situation debt
portfolios, and real estate-related equity and subordinate debt investing in strategies across the
risk/return spectrum using both Funds and tailored SMAs. Each Fund has a prescribed investment
strategy that includes the property type(s), geographic region(s), risk profile, and specific
investment guidelines. These portfolios generally invest in diversified, institutional quality real
estate assets and related investments within the United States, Mexico and Brazil. For each SMA,
the investment strategy is tailored to meet client investment needs. SMA Clients can include
pension and profit sharing plans, endowments, foundations, sovereign wealth funds, corporations,
business entities, local and state governments and other institutional investors. Underlying
investors in Funds include similar institutional investors as well as high net worth investors.
Clarion does not offer any wrap fee programs.
When selecting and managing assets for its clients, Clarion remains subject to the investment
guidelines and restrictions outlined in either (i) the offering memorandum (the “PPM”) and/or
governing documents of each Fund (together with the PPM, the “Fund Documents”); or (ii) the
Investment Management Agreement (“IMA”) of each SMA Client.
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With respect to all types of clients, Clarion is compensated with an asset management fee.
Clarion also charges certain clients acquisition or disposition fees (for the acquisition or
disposition of investment properties), incentive distributions or fees (for reaching a target return
based on achievement of specified investment returns or capital appreciation of the assets of the
client and as permitted by applicable law), and property management fees and other fees as
negotiated with clients.
Asset Management Fee. The asset management fee schedule for investment
supervisory services is earned as either:
(a) a percentage of assets under management, ranging from 0.20% to 1.50%, depending
on account size and the client’s circumstances, which can also be based on gross and net
assets under management (i.e. including or excluding debt/liabilities);
(b) a percentage of net operating income ranging from 0.67% to 7%, depending on
cumulative investment dollar thresholds, with or without minimum/maximum fee limits, as
well as other client specific criteria; or
(c) a percentage fee in other situations related to investment or acquisition price or on
other types of fee bases including invested capital and investor commitments.
SMA Clients and Funds generally pay fees in arrears at the end of each calendar
quarter based on the value of assets or net operating income during the previous
quarter.
Acquisition and Disposition Fees. Acquisition fees are earned by Clarion for the
acquisition of each investment property. These fees range from 0.15% to 1.00% of the
purchase price of the asset and are governed by the client’s IMA or the applicable Fund
Documents. Disposition fees, when applicable, may be fixed fees on a per transaction
basis, or may also be negotiated with clients. Generally, disposition fees range from
0.15% - 1.25% of the sale price based on the IMA or respective Fund Documents.
Performance-Based Fees. Performance-based distributions or fees are earned by
Clarion based on achievement of specified investment returns or capital appreciation of
the assets of the client and as permitted by applicable law. Such fees are calculated
and governed by the client's IMA or the specific Fund Documents.
Property Management Fees. Fees are earned for property management services
from those clients or Funds on whose behalf CP Industrial Management, LLC (“CPIM”)
and Gables Residential (“Gables”) (described in Item 10) are engaged. These fees
generally range from 0.50% - 3.00% of monthly property rental revenue.
Other Fees. Fees may be earned by Clarion for other services provided to the Funds
or SMA Clients. These fees may be earned for consulting, financing, property
management, leasing, or property development.
Investors in certain Funds may pay a cash management fee in addition to an asset
management fee for managing the liquid assets of the Fund. Cash management fees, if
applicable, are outlined in the Fund’s PPM.
Fund and SMA Fees Generally Fees for each Fund are described in the respective Fund Documents. Fees for the SMAs are
described in the respective IMAs or other governing documents. Factors Clarion may
consider in negotiating fees include: the investment strategy and complexity of services
required, the type of assets under management, the amount of assets under management
within a given product or across multiple products, a client’s prior relationship with Clarion,
whether we are acting in a discretionary or non-discretionary capacity and the extent of
reporting or other administrative services required. In general, an IMA for an SMA may be
canceled by either party at any time and for any reason upon receipt of 30 days written
notice. Upon termination of an account, any unearned fees will be promptly refunded, and
any earned, unpaid fees will be due and payable. Fund investors can redeem their interest
in a Fund as outlined in the respective Fund’s PPM.
For SMAs, fees are either billed directly to the client, deducted from the client’s
account, or reduced from client distributions, as agreed upon with each client.
For investors in the Funds, fees are deducted as set forth in the respective Fund
Documents.
Additional Expenses:
In addition to the fees described above, Funds and SMA Clients generally bear all costs and
expenses incurred in connection with their investments, including brokerage commissions,
transaction fees, custodial fees and other related costs and expenses. Please refer to Item 12 for
additional information regarding the factors Clarion considers in selecting brokers for client
transactions and in determining the reasonableness of their compensation.
Additionally, Funds also bear certain organizational and offering expenses, as well as operating
expenses. Organizational and offering expenses may be subject to a cap and may include out-of-
pocket and internal expenses of Clarion and its agents incurred in the formation of a Fund.
Operating expenses generally include (i) the investigation of investment opportunities (whether or
not consummated), (ii) the acquisition, ownership, financing, management or disposition of
investments, (iii) travel, (iv) administrative expenses related to the operation of each Fund and its
subsidiaries, (v) interests expenses, brokerage commissions and other investment costs incurred
by or on behalf of each Fund or its subsidiaries, (vi) all other customary expenses and (vii)
expenses associated with the preparation and distribution of reports to LPs. Further details on the
additional expenses a Fund will bear are outlined in the respective Fund Documents.
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As noted in Item 5 above, Clarion, in accordance with applicable law, earns performance-based
fees and carried interest distributions, which may be calculated in part on a percentage of net
investment income, cash flow or a percentage of return on an investment under management
above a benchmark or preferred return hurdle. Such performance-based distributions and fees
may also be calculated based on a share of capital appreciation of the assets of the client. In
addition, a SMA Client or Fund investor may be subject to a minimum investment amount. Please
refer to Item 7 for additional information regarding minimum investment amounts. Performance-
based distributions and fees may be negotiable in certain circumstances and are described in
either the PPM or the SMA Client’s IMA.
All performance-based distributions and fees are calculated and paid in accordance with Section
205 and Rule 205-3 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). Clarion
reserves the ability to adopt different fee structures for Funds or SMAs.
Clients and investors should be aware that performance-based fee arrangements may create an
incentive for Clarion to recommend investments that may be riskier or more speculative than
those that would be recommended under a different fee arrangement. Furthermore, as we also
have clients who do not pay performance-based compensation, we may have an incentive to
allocate particular investments to accounts that do pay such fees because compensation we
receive from these clients is directly tied to the performance of their accounts. All investment
recommendations are subject to each portfolio’s investment guidelines, be it a Fund or SMA, and
Clarion’s allocation policy as described further below which are designed to ensure investment
recommendations are made fairly across all clients.
Clarion and its affiliates provide investment advice and perform related services for Funds and
SMAs which have investment strategies which are often similar to or overlap with one another.
Subject to certain limited exceptions, Clarion generally allocates investment opportunities among
active Funds and SMAs to optimize the investment objectives of each, recognizing that, on
occasion, an investment may be suitable for more than one Fund or SMA. In the event that an
investment is clearly suitable for only one Fund or SMA, such investment is allocated to such Fund
or SMA. In the event that Clarion identifies a potential investment that might be suitable for one
or more of its Funds or SMAs, then the firm makes its investment recommendation pursuant to
policies and procedures which seek to ensure that investments are allocated to all clients fairly
and equitably. All potential investments are submitted by the local acquisition manager at
Clarion’s weekly acquisitions meeting, which is chaired by the Head of Acquisitions and meets to
determine whether each investment meets Clarion’s overall criteria (specifically, the investment
guidelines agreed with Clarion’s clients). Consideration is given to each investment’s
characteristics and its suitability for clients. If a portfolio manager is interested in the investment
and the investment is clearly suitable for only one client, it is assigned accordingly. If an
investment, on balance, is equally suitable to more than one client, and more than one portfolio
manager has indicated interest in the investment (a “Contested Opportunity”) or one portfolio
manager advises several clients within a similar strategy, it is assigned to the client who has
waited the longest to be assigned a Contested Opportunity, regardless of whether such client
consummated such prior Contested Opportunity. New clients are added to the bottom of the list.
As listed in Item 8, in accordance with market practice and principles of fairness and
transparency, in certain limited circumstances opportunities may not be made available for
rotation as described above, including when an investment opportunity is sourced independently
by a client, a third party for a specific client pursuant to a programmatic joint venture or other
relationship, or a Fund’s own internal acquisitions team. In addition, refer to Item 8 of this
Brochure for the review and supervision of investments by Clarion’s Investment Committees and
Fund Advisory Councils.
Once an investment has been assigned to a Fund or SMA Client at the acquisitions meeting,
Clarion’s respective Investment Committee reviews and approves the proposed investment at the
acquisitions meeting, as introduced by the respective Portfolio Manager. Conversely, once the
determination to dispose of an investment has been made by the respective Portfolio Manager,
the respective Investment Committee reviews that decision as well.
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Clarion provides real estate investment management services to clients (the Funds and SMAs).
Our investor base may include corporations, local and state governments, pension funds,
insurance companies, sovereign wealth entities, wealth management firms, and individual high
net worth investors. Underlying investors in Funds include similar institutional investors as well as
high net worth individuals.
For individually managed separate accounts, the minimum account size is generally
$100,000,000. For Funds, the minimum investment amount varies and is outlined in the
respective Fund’s PPM, but is subject to waiver by the Fund’s general partner or Clarion. Although
certain feeder funds may have lower minimum investment amounts, the minimum investment
amount for Funds generally ranges from $2,500,000 to $10,000,000. Account minimums may be
negotiated. Clarion may change the minimum requirements from time to time in accordance with
the applicable Fund Documents, which may change for future products offerings.
Investments in a Fund may be more suitable for certain investors than a SMA investment.
Investors interested in investing in a Fund should refer to the respective Fund's PPM for more
information specific to the Fund.
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Investment Strategies
Each SMA and Fund portfolio is actively managed generally using proprietary research to evaluate
real estate cycles, national and regional market fundamentals and market opportunities. Clarion
Funds and SMAs may acquire 100% ownership in a property, as well as partnership interests and
investments in other real estate related assets, including interests in funds, companies and joint
ventures that hold real estate assets directly or indirectly, where we believe such an investment
would be consistent with the respective client’s investment strategy and performance objectives.
In addition, Clarion invests in commercial real estate subordinate debt. The Subordinate Debt
Team focuses on investments in directly-originated subordinate debt positions, targeting middle-
market investments for enhanced risk-adjusted returns. A significant portion of the return is
delivered through current income, and the team’s focus on direct origination affords deal-by-deal
underwriting and greater control. Special Situations Debt invests in quality, seasoned, first-lien
commercial real estate mortgage credit, with a focus on acquiring single loans, sub-pools, and
portfolios available as a result of motivated sellers and expedited situations. With these
investments, leverage is used to enhance returns. Certain Funds may invest a minority of assets
in publicly-traded securities such as U.S. listed REITs for liquidity purposes.
Clarion assists in purchasing ownership interests in properties for SMA Clients. SMA Clients
typically own investments in their accounts through Special Purpose Vehicles (“SPVs”).
Within its various investment portfolios on behalf of both Funds and SMA Clients, Clarion employs
a range of single asset vehicles and other holding structures such as corporations, business trusts,
limited liability companies and other corporate entities (including such entities as may be qualified
as real estate investment trusts for federal income tax purposes) and limited partnerships and
other forms of joint ventures.
Across its Funds and SMA Client accounts, Clarion primarily invests in the five major property
types (office, retail, industrial, hotel and multifamily residential) pursuant to the portfolios’
various strategies and investment objectives.
Clarion recommends real estate-related investments across the risk/return spectrum:
Core Portfolios –
low to moderate risk: Invest in operating and substantially leased
properties generally in larger markets; diversified across the five major property types:
office, retail, industrial, multifamily residential and hotel. Modest financial leverage may be
used to potentially enhance returns. Income typically generates approximately two-thirds
of total portfolio return.
Core-Plus/Value-Added Portfolios –
moderate to higher risk: Invest in properties that
typically require a capital investment for re-positioning, re-leasing or enhancement and, in
some cases, limited new development. With these properties financial leverage is
generally used to enhance returns. Total return over the holding period is generally
divided equally between income and appreciation.
Opportunistic Portfolios –
higher risk: Invest in new developments, less-traditional
property sectors, recapitalizations, entities or other structures. These are highly leveraged
and have significant financial leverage risk.
Every strategy pursued by Clarion on behalf of any Fund entails a significant degree of risk and all
investors in the Funds are advised to pay special attention to the sections of the respective Fund’s
PPM that discuss risk factors, conflicts of interest and other investment considerations. While
Clarion works with SMA Clients to develop customized guidelines and restrictions with respect to
their respective investment programs as outlined in their IMAs, each Fund investor is encouraged
to invest only in the Fund or Funds pursuing investment objectives suitable for such investor since
the management of each Fund is not customized to any one investor’s guidelines or restrictions.
Investors are additionally encouraged to seek their own individual tax and legal advice regarding
an investment in the Fund before making an investment decision.
Clarion’s Investment Methodology
For each potential real estate investment, Clarion analyzes a number of factors that may include:
gross revenues, with attention paid to the quality and safety of such revenues, past and expected
vacancy rates, associated market conditions, past and projected expenses, the use and physical
condition of the property, the existing and potential lease structure of the property, the prospects
for future sale, the projected investment return, the debt service coverage ratio, mortgage terms
and bond structure and the impact on portfolio risk and return. When investing in commercial real
estate debt, Clarion emphasizes loan originations that facilitate control over deal structure and
pricing, and whether a Fund or SMA will construct a diversified portfolio of loans on institutional
quality commercial real estate properties, sponsored by what we believe to be experienced,
financially sound borrowers.
In addition, Clarion invests in commercial real estate subordinate debt. The Subordinate Debt
Team focuses on investments in directly-originated subordinate debt positions, targeting middle-
market investments for enhanced risk-adjusted returns. A significant portion of the return is
delivered through current income, and the team’s focus on direct origination affords deal-by-deal
underwriting and greater control.
Investment performance is monitored and actively managed by the respective Portfolio
Management teams. This includes regular monitoring of market and property concentrations,
exposure to large tenants or certain industries and debt levels. Portfolio Management teams
actively engage in advanced performance attribution analysis represented by an annual
Investment Strategy plan, describing goals for the year, risk mitigation tactics as well as strategy,
allocation, risks and business plans.
On an ongoing basis, our portfolio managers, in conjunction with their management teams, seek
to develop and implement a portfolio-appropriate strategy to manage portfolio risk. In addition,
they are responsible for reviewing the operational matters, capital improvement programs,
budgets, business plans, leases and financial statements of each potential investment. The
portfolio managers are responsible for the preparation of an annual investment plan and a
strategic portfolio overview. In addition, Clarion’s portfolio management teams and third party
appraisal firms conduct periodic internal and external valuations of property investments. The
valuation of the Funds is also supported by third party appraisal firms, which are engaged by each
Fund to conduct periodic valuations as prescribed in the respective Fund PPM. As it relates to
SMAs, the valuation process is determined in conjunction with each respective client.
Each Fund has formed, or may form, an advisory council ("Advisory Council"), which is expected
to consist of several representatives of unaffiliated investors. The Fund’s general partner (a
“General Partner”) has the right to consult with the Advisory Council, if any, regarding changes in
a Fund's investment strategy and guidelines, valuation policy, audited financial statements,
conflicts of interest and other matters with respect to the Fund. A Fund’s Advisory Council may be
asked to consent to transactions on behalf of the Fund involving a conflict of interest between the
Fund and the General Partner or its affiliates, or as may be necessary pursuant to the Advisers
Act.
The Company’s Equity Investment Committee is comprised of senior investment professionals of
the firm. It is the Equity Investment Committee’s responsibility to make key portfolio and
investment strategy related decisions, approve each discreet investment decision (both
acquisitions and dispositions) for the Funds and SMA Clients, and to insure each transaction is
priced appropriately. The Firm also has a Debt Investment Committee and Portfolio Allocation
Investment Committee. Such committees approve of investments and divestments, evaluate
performance, ensure appropriate controls and mitigate conflicts of interest in accordance with the
applicable by-laws or governance procedures of the respective committee.
The Company’s Executive Board is comprised of executive leaders who are responsible for leading
and managing Clarion. The Executive Board is responsible for defining business strategy and
achieving operational results. Through the Executive Board, Clarion maintains transparent lines of
communication with the Board of Directors of Holdings, which consists of both Clarion and Legg
Mason senior executives. The Board of Directors of Holdings has a duty of stewardship and
regularly assesses and monitors Clarion’s performance.
In conjunction with the Firm’s Investment Research Group, with the current exception of the
Special Situations Debt Group, each Clarion Partners fund and separately managed account
develops an annual strategic investment plan that sets goals for acquisitions, value enhancement
projects, tenant retention, leasing, operations, capital improvements, and a comprehensive
hold/sell analysis. Open-end funds, separately managed accounts and closed-end funds present
the plans to their respective Peer Review Groups (“PRG”) for review and approval. The PRGs
assess the plans in detail, as well as the overall performance and quality of each of the portfolios’
investments. Each PRG, comprised of senior investment professionals from across the Firm,
meets to approve the strategic plans and meets again during the year for a strategic update and
review.
The PRGs also monitor fund-level risk based on a variety of factors related to fund performance,
investment strategy, allocation levels and targets, leverage strategy, fund positioning, projected
returns, fund operations and other categories. The respective PRGs identify and discuss risk
factors and put in place plans of action to address them. Lastly, one of the critical PRG evaluative
criteria is compliance with the investment guidelines and investment strategy previously
approved for the respective portfolio.
In addition, Clarion’s Operating Committee reviews the financial plan for the Company for
adoption by the Clarion Executive Board. The Operating Committee monitors operational
performance against associated benchmarks and budgets. Members meet regularly to formally
review the relevant monthly status of revenue and expense performance, marketing initiatives,
headcount management, operational efficiencies and specific organizational initiatives for which
senior executive input is required. The Operating Committee also focuses on resource allocation
to further the business goals of the Company.
Vertically Sourced Deals
In accordance with market practice and principles of fairness and transparency, in certain limited
circumstances certain opportunities may not be made available for rotation under Clarion’s
allocation policy. Such circumstances are generally one of the following:
a) An investment opportunity brought to Clarion’s attention by a client or source independent
of Clarion for execution for a specific client.
b) An investment opportunity sourced by a third party for a specific client pursuant to a
definitive programmatic sourcing relationship.
c) A non-core investment opportunity sourced internally by a Fund’s own acquisitions team.
Related Risks
All of our strategies involve the risk of loss that clients should be prepared to bear. In
addition, the investment strategies described above may also involve the following risks:
Risks Related to Fund Investments
The purchase of an interest in a Fund entails certain risks that investors should consider before
making an investment decision. There is no assurance that an investment in a Fund will be
profitable or, if it is profitable, that any particular yield or rate of return will be obtained or other
investment objective will be realized. An investor should only invest in a Fund as part of an
overall investment strategy and only if the investor is able to withstand a total loss of its
investment in the Fund. Funds could be subject to material risks that are not described herein.
Additional risks regarding Funds are disclosed in the PPM of each Fund. We encourage investors
to carefully review the full description of risk factors presented in their Fund’s PPM and
accompanying subscription documents.
Risks Related to Real Estate Investments
Real estate investments are long-term investment vehicles that are subject to market risk,
including the potential loss of principal invested. Real estate values are affected by a number of
factors, including: (i) changes in the general economic climate; (ii) local conditions (such as an
oversupply of space or a reduction in demand for space); (iii) the quality and philosophy of
management of properties; (iv) competition based on rental rates; (v) attractiveness and location
of properties; (vi) financial condition of tenants, buyers and sellers of properties; (vii) quality of
maintenance, insurance and management services; (viii) changes in operating costs; (ix) changes
in interest rates and the availability of leverage which may render the sale or refinancing of
properties difficult or impracticable; (x) uninsured losses or delays from casualties or
condemnation; (xi) government regulations (including those governing usage, improvements,
zoning and taxes); (xii) potential liability under changing environmental and other laws; (xiii)
structural or property level latent defects; (xiv) acts of God; and (xv) other factors beyond the
control of Clarion. Investments in existing entities (e.g
., buying out a distressed partner or
acquiring an interest in an entity that owns a real property) could also create risks of successor
liability.
Risks Related to Debt Investments Subordinated debt investments involve business, financial, market and/or legal risks. Real estate
mortgage loans are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure, that may result from certain
events including changes in general or local economic conditions and/or specific industry
segments; declines in real estate values; declines in rental or occupancy rates; increases in
interest rates, real estate tax rates and other operating expenses and changes in governmental
rules and regulations. These are factors which are beyond the borrowers’ control and may impair
borrowers’ ability to repay their loans. In addition, if a restructuring of a non-performing loan/s
takes place, substantial changes to the terms of the loan may take place which will reduce the
interest rate, capitalization of interest payments and a substantial write-down of the principal of
the loan. Some of the other key risks connected with debt investments include foreclosure risk,
sourcing risk, the risk of investments in distressed assets. Investments in distressed assets can
pose significant financial risks, which may never be overcome by the Fund.
Risks Related to the Use of Leverage
To the extent the investments are leveraged, there will be additional risks incident to borrowing
funds and risks may be exacerbated. These include risks associated with changes in the general
economic climate, changes in the overall real estate market, local real estate conditions, the
financial condition of tenants, buyers and sellers of properties, supply of or demand for competing
properties in an area, technological innovations that dramatically alter space and demand
requirements, the availability of financing, changes in interest rates, competition based on rental
rates, energy and supply shortages, various uninsured and uninsurable risks and government
regulations.
Regulatory Risks
Certain portfolio investments may be subject to extensive governmental regulation. Such
regulations may prevent the Fund from making certain investments that it otherwise would make.
Regulations generally, as well as regulations more specifically addressed to the private investment
fund industry, including tax laws and regulation, whether in the United States or abroad, could
increase the cost of acquiring, holding or divesting portfolio investments, the profitability of
enterprises and the cost of operating the Fund.
Lack of Liquidity
Investments in real estate are highly illiquid and subject to industry cycles, downturns in
demand, market disruptions and the lack of available capital from potential lenders or investors
(whether to finance or refinance portfolio properties or for potential purchasers of such
properties). Accordingly, there is no assurance that a Fund or SMA Client will be able to dispose
of investments in a timely manner and/or on favorable terms.
Availability of Suitable Investments
There is no guaranty that Clarion will be able to identify and acquire investments that meet the
investment objectives of an investor on satisfactory terms or at all or that Clarion will be able
fully to invest the capital available. The availability of investment opportunities generally will be
subject to market conditions and competition from other similarly focused investors.
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Form ADV Part 2 requires investment advisers such as Clarion to disclose legal or disciplinary
events involving the Firm or our partners, officers, or principals that are material to your
evaluation of our advisory business and the integrity of Clarion’s management. At this time, we
have no information to report that is applicable to this Item.
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Clarion has other financial industry activities and affiliations.
Affiliates of Clarion serve as general partners for (or otherwise manage) the Funds, which are
sponsored by Clarion, and certain SMA-related vehicles. Certain of Clarion’s associates are
registered representatives of Clarion’s affiliated broker-dealer Clarion Partners Securities, LLC
(“CPS”). CPS is wholly owned by Clarion and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory
Authority (“FINRA”). CPS provides marketing and administrative support to Clarion’s Funds.
On April 13, 2016, Legg Mason became the ultimate parent company to Clarion. Legg Mason is a
global asset management company. Acting through its subsidiaries, Legg Mason provides
investment management and related services to institutional and individual clients, company
sponsored mutual funds and other pooled investment vehicles. Legg Mason and its affiliates may
partner with Clarion to facilitate the distribution of Clarion funds or other Clarion products.
CPIM was formed by Clarion for the purpose of providing property management services to certain
properties held by Clarion’s clients. CPIM primarily manages industrial properties under limited
circumstances where the investments are single tenant properties. Given its limited purpose and
use, CPIM generally does not create conflicts of interest for Clarion but the firm has policies and
procedures in place to mitigate any conflicts that may arise.
From time to time, property management services outside the scope of those provided by third
parties or CPIM may be provided to Clarion Funds and SMAs by Gables, an affiliated entity of
Clarion. Gables provides property management services for certain Funds and SMA Clients in the
multi-family real estate sector. This may create a conflict of interest for Clarion in that Clarion
may have an incentive to select its affiliated property manager over a third party. To mitigate this
conflict, Clarion has implemented related compliance policies and procedures.
Additionally, Clarion Partners Europe, Ltd (“CPE”), an entity that is wholly owned by Clarion, is
regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority of the UK. CPE provides marketing, operational and
administrative support to Clarion in Europe.
Clarion, under a sub-advisory agreement, employs the use of a third party sub-adviser which
provides investment recommendations and asset management services to certain real
property investments in Mexico.
Clarion, including its subsidiaries, is not registered as a futures commission merchant (FCM),
commodity trading advisor (CTA), or commodity pool operator (CPO), as each term is defined by
the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936, as amended.
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PERSONAL TRADING
Code of Ethics
Clarion has adopted a Code of Ethics in accordance with Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act that
sets forth ethical standards of business conduct that Clarion requires of its employees, including
compliance with applicable federal securities laws. The Code of Ethics is intended to reflect
fiduciary principles that govern the conduct of Clarion employees and its supervised persons in
those situations where Clarion acts as an investment adviser as defined under the Advisers Act in
providing investment advice to clients. It consists of an outline of policies regarding several key
areas: standards of conduct and compliance with laws, rules and regulation, protection of material
non-public information, personal securities trading and outside business activities. The Clarion
Code of Ethics is available upon request by contacting the Legal and Compliance Department at
(212) 883-2500.
Participation or Interest in Client Transactions
Clarion recommends to its advisory clients and fund investors that they buy or sell securities or
investment products in which Clarion or a related person has some financial interest. Clarion
discloses such financial interest to the client, consistent with Clarion’s duties to its clients as well
as applicable laws. Employees of Clarion may invest in the Funds as permitted by law and in
accordance with the respective Fund Documents.
Clarion or its affiliates may co-invest with clients in direct real estate investments or real
estate joint venture investments managed for clients when such co-investment is permitted
under applicable investment management agreements. Clarion or its affiliates may also co-
invest in Clarion Fund investments. Any such co-investments are disclosed to the other
respective investors and Clarion has policies and procedures in place to mitigate any conflicts
that such investments could create (e.g., obtaining Advisory Council consent in the Funds
context).
Personal Securities Trading
Clarion’s Code of Ethics includes personal securities trading policies and procedures, and insider
trading policies and procedures. The Clarion Code of Ethics requires supervised persons to: (1)
report personal securities transactions on at least a quarterly basis, (2) provide a detailed
summary of holdings and securities accounts (both upon commencement of employment and
annually thereafter) over which such employees have a direct or indirect beneficial interest, and
(3) pre-clear acquisitions of IPOs or private placements.
All employees receive annual training regarding Clarion’s personal securities trading policies and
procedures. In addition, employees must annually confirm that they have read, understand and
will abide by the Code of Ethics.
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General Brokerage Practices
Due to the nature of the investments the Funds and SMAs make, securities broker-dealers are
generally not used for Clarion transactions. However, when executing transactions on behalf of
the Funds or SMAs through a broker or dealer, Clarion has the investment discretion (under the
IMA or Fund partnership agreements) to buy or sell securities, to determine the amount of
securities to be bought or sold, and to determine which broker or dealer to be used to execute any
securities transaction. Clarion will comply with its best execution obligations in such
circumstances.
On behalf of clients, Clarion engages service providers and real estate brokers for investment
sales, property management, leasing, debt financing and other services. Clarion has the
investment discretion (under the IMA or Fund governing documents) to hire third party service
providers, including real estate brokers, and to negotiate the commissions paid to those providers.
In recognition of our responsibilities as a fiduciary and in keeping with our level of operational
practices and efforts to maximize the value of client accounts, Clarion’s primary objective is to
seek to obtain the best possible execution of real estate transactions for our client accounts
considering all circumstances. In engaging brokers and service providers, Clarion considers a
number of factors including, but not limited to: execution capability, commission rates, knowledge
of markets, experience, reputation, current market conditions and marketing support.
Research and Other Soft Dollar Benefits
Clarion generally does not accept or use soft dollars and has no soft dollar arrangements at
present.
Trade Aggregation
Clarion does not generally aggregate trades, given its central focus on real estate private equity,
but to the extent that trades may be aggregated for certain portfolios), then we would do so if it
would be in the best interest of the clients. As noted above, given the size and nature of the
investments, there is currently no expectation that such an aggregate order could not be
completed at one time. In the event that more than one trade would be necessary to complete
the total order, then clients would be charged the average price.
Cross Trading
In its capacity as a registered investment adviser, Clarion provides investment advisory services
to clients investing in real estate assets. These clients include separate account arrangements
with institutional investors as well as commingled funds sponsored by Clarion or one of its
affiliates. From time-to-time, transactions may involve one or more Clarion clients buying
investments from, or selling investments to, one or more other Clarion clients. Examples of these
transactions include the following:
Purchases and sales of investments between Clarion clients; and
Exercise of buy/sell or put/call arrangements involving existing assets jointly held by
Clarion clients.
Any transaction involving one or more Clarion clients buying investments from, or selling
investments to, one or more other Clarion clients is required to be submitted by the respective
business unit to Clarion’s Legal and Compliance Department for review prior to the transaction
relating thereto.
Brokerage Services by CPS
CPS does not provide brokerage services in connection with transactions involving securities.
Brokerage for Client Referrals
Clarion does not generally receive client referrals from brokers and does not select brokers based
on referrals.
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Clarion's Portfolio Managers and their teams review each Fund and SMA on a periodic basis to
maintain compliance with the respective PPM or IMA documents. Clarion's Executive Board
provides supervisory management for the entire business, including all Funds and SMAs.
Clarion prepares written quarterly and annual reports for each of its Funds and SMAs. These
reports are provided to Fund investors and SMA Clients, and they contain detailed information
regarding accounting, operations and investment performance. Investment performance is
monitored and actively managed by the respective Portfolio Management teams. This includes
regular monitoring of market and property concentrations, exposure to large tenants or certain
industries and debt levels. Portfolio Management teams actively engage in advanced performance
attribution analysis represented by an annual Investment Strategy plan, describing goals for the
year, risk mitigation tactics as well as strategy, allocation, risks and business plans.
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From time to time, Clarion compensates, either directly or indirectly, third parties for client
referrals. Should Clarion use a third party, compensation arrangements are made in accordance
with Rule 206(4)-3 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, to the extent applicable. Clarion
uses third-party solicitation agents, generally outside the U.S. pursuant to written agreements.
For further information on such referral arrangements, please refer to Part 1 of our Form ADV.
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Clarion and/or an affiliate is deemed to have “custody” of each Fund’s assets for purposes of Rule
206(4)-2 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 due to such affiliate’s role as general partner of
the Funds. Assets of each Fund are held in the name of the Fund by one or more independent
qualified custodians. Each Fund is audited on an annual basis and audited financial statements are
distributed to the limited partners within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year. Clarion has also
engaged Pricewaterhouse Coopers, LLP, Marcum LLP, and Deloitte & Touche LLP to audit Clarion’s
pooled investment vehicles.
With respect to accounts of an SMA Client for which Clarion and/or an affiliate is deemed to have
custody (each, an “SMA Custody Account”), such SMA Client receives notification of the opening
of, or changes to, such SMA Custody Accounts. Each SMA Client also receives account statements
from the qualified custodian on at least a quarterly basis for such SMA Custody Accounts. SMA
Clients should carefully review the account statements they receive from these unaffiliated
custodians. Clarion also urges SMA Clients to compare any statements received from the qualified
custodians with the corresponding statements they receive from Clarion, which are contained
within the financial reports referenced in Item 13. To comply with SEC regulations Clarion has
engaged Marcum LLP as its public accounting firm to conduct an annual surprise examination of its
SMA Custody Accounts pursuant to Rule 206(4)-2.
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Typically, clients hire Clarion to provide discretionary asset management services, in which case
Clarion acquires or disposes of investments/securities in a client's account without obtaining the
client's permission. When applicable, our discretionary authority generally includes the ability to
do the following:
determine the investments/securities to buy or sell; and/or
determine the number of investments/securities to buy or sell.
When clients give us discretionary authority, they do so by way of executing a discretionary
agreement with our firm in which our authority is outlined. SMA Clients may limit this authority by
written instructions. For example, SMA Clients may restrict the inclusion of specific types of assets
in their portfolio. Clients may also enter into non-discretionary investment management
agreements with Clarion.
We have full discretionary authority for the management and conduct of the affairs of the Clarion
Funds. We are responsible for and have the authority to identify, acquire, operate, manage,
finance and sell Fund assets. Other responsibilities include, among other things, determining
investment strategy and providing research, acquisition, portfolio management, asset
management, property management, leasing supervision, client service, administration and
financial accounting.
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Clarion in its capacity as an investment adviser to private equity real estate funds and separately
managed accounts, typically does not acquire securities that issue proxies that require voting. In
the unlikely event that such proxies are issued, Clarion’s response will be governed by its proxy
voting policies and procedures. The applicable Portfolio Manager shall research and, subject to
certain guidelines, vote proxies with periodic oversight provided by the Legal and Compliance
Department. A full copy of Clarion proxy policies is available upon request. Clients may also
request a copy of the proxy voting record for their account.
Clarion may exercise management authority or consent rights with respect to the investments in
real estate. In exercising such management or consent rights, Clarion seeks to act in the best
interests of the client, based on its determination of what will maximize the return on the client’s
investment. If Clarion determines that it is facing a material conflict of interest in exercising such
rights, it will seek recommendations from the applicable Fund’s Advisory Council or another
independent party.
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Form ADV Part 2 requires investment advisers such as Clarion to disclose any financial condition
reasonably likely to impair our ability to meet contractual commitments to clients. At this time, we
have no information to report that is applicable to this Item.
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Open Brochure from SEC website