ITEM 6: PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE
MANAGEMENT
We receive a performance-based fee for some separately managed accounts and a related entity
receives an incentive allocation for the Funds. Please see Item 5 above for disclosure regarding
the conflicts of interest involved in managing assets for an incentive allocation or performance-
based fee.
Client accounts are grouped when there is an opportunity to aggregate trades in clients’ accounts
at the same broker. Trading in Fourthstone client accounts is performed on a rotating schedule
of clients or client groups. You may receive a better or worse price for your transactions
depending on your place in the rotation and market conditions. Rotating clients should equalize
these differences over time.
Allocations may not be capital weighted in every instance due to differences in investment
mandates and capital additions and withdrawals. For more information, please see Item 12:
Brokerage Practices, Aggregation of Orders. Allocation fairness will be tested after the fact by
internal and external compliance personnel to verify if clients receive favorable allocations or
preferential trade pricing.
ITEM 7: TYPES OF CLIENTS
We may provide advice to individuals, high net worth individuals, trusts, foundations, businesses,
pension or profit-sharing plans, and pooled investment vehicles.
Clients are required to make a minimum investment commitment of $1 million for our long/short
strategy. This minimum may be waived at our sole discretion.
ITEM 8: METHODS OF ANALYSIS, INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND
RISK OF LOSS
Methods of Analysis & Investment Strategies
Fourthstone typically looks to buy companies which it deems to be under-valued and short
companies it deems to be over-valued. The degree by which a company is over or under-valued
is determined by using a combination of various quantitative and qualitative metrics such as:
price-to-earnings multiple, price- to-tangible book multiple, deposit premium, earnings growth,
return on tangible equity, M&A attractiveness, market growth opportunities, level of insider
ownership, quality of management, and risk profile. Outside the financial services industry,
additional metrics such as the following may be used: free cash flow yield, net cash position,
price-to-sales, defensible market position with sustainable competitive advantages, dynamic
products or services, and investor sentiment.
Fourthstone will often invest in companies and sectors deemed “out-of-favor.” We find these
areas typically yield the greatest opportunities for significant price appreciation as compelling
valuations often accompany poor investor sentiment. We also look to sell short companies of
“cult” or “fad” stocks or sectors showing excessive investor optimism.
Investment Risks
Fourthstone utilizes a long/short strategy as a way to minimize volatility. There is no guarantee
that we can correctly identify undervalued securities as longs and overvalued securities as shorts.
If both longs and shorts move in unanticipated ways, volatility may actually increase and
adversely affect performance.
Market Risk: Portfolios will be subject to a significant degree of market risk. Market risk is the
risk that a portfolio of securities may be adversely affected by general market movements either
directly (to the extent the client is invested in the same direction as the market) or indirectly (to
the extent the client is invested opposite of the market’s direction). Further, the economies of
non-U.S. countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects
as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, asset reinvestment,
resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Further, certain non-U.S. economies
are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue
to be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative
currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with
which they trade. The economies of certain non-U.S. countries may be based, predominantly,
on only a few industries and may be vulnerable to changes in trade conditions and may have
higher levels of debt or inflation.
Equity Securities: Fourthstone will invest primarily in equity securities, typically common stock but
where deemed appropriate, preferred stock. The purchaser of an equity security typically receives
an ownership interest in the company as well as certain voting rights. The owner of an equity
security may participate in a company’s success through the receipt of dividends, which are
distributions of earnings by the company to its owners. Equity security owners may also
participate in a company’s success or lack of success through increases or decreases in the value
of the company’s shares as traded in the public trading market for such shares. Equity securities
generally take the form of common stock or preferred stock. Preferred stockholders typically
receive greater dividends but may receive less appreciation than common stockholders and may
have lesser or greater voting rights as well.
Stock Price Volatility: U.S. and foreign equities markets have experienced tumultuous times in the
past reflected in highly volatile market prices for listed securities. Certain factors may have a
significant impact on the market price of securities owned by the client, and, consequently, may
adversely affect the client’s portfolio, such as general economic data, interest rate fluctuations,
announcements of technological innovations, developments in patent or other proprietary rights,
public concern or perception of issues relating to the safety of products developed by a company,
announcements of collaborative partners, issues relating to government regulation, loss or gain
of key employees in research and/or operations, fluctuations in the company’s operating results,
future sales of common stock, analysts’ comments, including changes in recommendations, and
general market conditions.
Banks and Thrifts: Client portfolios may be highly concentrated in the banking and thrift industry.
A client may be further non-diversified in that it may hold larger positions in a smaller number of
securities in a single business sector than a diversified account. As a result, the increase or
decrease in value of the client’s holdings in a single issuer may have a greater impact on the
client’s net asset value and total return. With a concentrated portfolio, clients could have returns
that are significantly more volatile than broad based market indices and more diversified accounts
due to market movements of the banking and thrift industry. Economic, legislative or regulatory
developments may occur which significantly affect the entire industry. If that were to happen, the
client’s net asset value could fluctuate more than that of a more diversified account. A number of
factors, in addition to general economic conditions, can adversely affect the financial performance
and condition of the financial services sectors in which Fourthstone invests, including:
governmental regulation, interest rate changes, risk of credit losses, concentration of loans, and
rapidly changing industry.
Risks Related to ETFs in General: Fourthstone may invest and trade in exchange-traded funds
(“ETFs”), which are baskets of securities that track recognized indexes and trade on an exchange
like a stock. An investment in ETFs comprised of publicly traded stocks is subject to the risks that
impact the underlying stocks including those described in these Risk Factors. Similarly, an
investment in ETFs that track other asset categories is subject to the risks that impact the prices
of such categories. In addition, investment techniques such as short selling and margin debt may
be used with ETFs, which would expose clients to the risks associated with those investment
techniques.
Preferred Stock: Fourthstone may invest in preferred stock which may have characteristics of
both debt and equity securities. Dividend payments to preferred stockholders may be suspended
or cancelled if the issuer experiences liquidity difficulties and the principal paid for preferred stock
is generally subordinate to the debt obligations of the issuer. Consequently, investments in
preferred stock carry significant risk of loss of principal.
Futures: Futures markets are highly volatile and are influenced by factors such as changing
supply and demand relationships, government policies and programs, national and international
economic, political, global and weather-related events, including changes in money supply and
interest rates. Because the good faith deposits required in futures trading are very low, typically
1-15% of the face value of the contract, the leverage is extremely high, providing the potential
for large losses from relatively small price movements. Futures positions also are marked to
market daily and variation margin payments, which may be high during volatile periods, must be
paid. No assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular futures contract
at any particular time. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of
fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day.
Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at
a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the trading day.
Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or
no trading, preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the client
to substantial losses. Successful use of futures also is subject to Fourthstone’s ability to predict
correctly movements in the direction of the relevant market, and, to the extent the transaction is
entered into for hedging purposes, to determine the appropriate correlation between the
transaction being hedged and the price movements of the futures contract. The CFTC and various
exchanges also impose speculative position limits on the number of positions Fourthstone may
hold in certain futures, which may affect the client’s profitability.
PIPES: Fourthstone has the authority to make limited investments in PIPES (an acronym for
“private investments in public entities”) issued by companies (that is, the securities are not
registered for resale on a public market). PIPES may take the form of convertible preferred stock,
common stock, a mix of common stock and warrants, convertible debt, and structured private
equity. PIPES are usually sold at a discount to the current stock valuation or provide features to
hedge their risk, including conversion price adjustments, dividends, redemption and warrants.
PIPES typically are issued by publicly traded companies that have had short or erratic trading
records, often are struggling to maintain trading volume and may be experiencing financial
challenges. PIPES are subject to the resale limitations under Rule 144 of the Securities Act of
1933. Upon completion of the private placement of PIPES, there is a specified lock-up period
(expected to usually be six to twelve months), after which the issuer announces the transaction
to the public and files a resale registration statement with the SEC. This filing enables the
investors to resell the securities in the secondary market at market price. The investor makes a
profit if the purchase price of the PIPE is less than the public market price at which the PIPE can
be sold. As a result, the client will not be able to obtain liquidity for these unregistered securities
in which it invests until it is able to sell, exchange or otherwise dispose of the securities.
Use of Margin: Fourthstone is authorized, in its sole discretion, to leverage the client’s investment
positions by borrowing funds from securities broker-dealers or banks. Although Fourthstone
expects its use of margin will be occasional, any use of margin increases the magnitude of both
profits and losses. Margin borrowings are usually from securities broker-dealers and typically are
secured by the borrower’s securities and other assets. Under certain circumstances, such a
lender may demand an increase in the collateral that secures the borrower’s obligations, and if
the borrower were unable to provide additional collateral, the lender could liquidate assets held
in the account to satisfy the borrower’s obligation. If the account were to become subject to
liquidation in that manner, it could suffer extremely adverse consequences. In addition, the
amount of the account’s borrowings, if any, and the interest rates on those borrowings, which
would fluctuate, could have a significant effect on the account’s profitability.
Short Selling: Short sales can, in some circumstances, substantially increase the impact of
adverse price movements on the client’s portfolio. A short sale is a sale of a security that the client
does not own, in hopes of a decline in the security’s price. To deliver the security to the buyer and
complete the sale, the client must borrow the security. To return the security, the client must buy
it at the market price at the time of repayment. That price may be less than the price at which the
client made its short sale, in which case the client would have made a profit, or it may be more,
in which case the client would have suffered a loss. Short sales create the risk of a theoretically
unlimited loss, in that the price of the underlying security could theoretically increase without limit.
Emerging Markets: Investing in emerging markets involves a significant amount of market timing.
While returns from positive years can be exceptional, failure to exit a particular market in time
may result in large losses. Many emerging markets also have limited liquidity which evaporates
during times of crisis, making hedging more difficult. There is also some exposure risk due to a
lack of hedging techniques available in many emerging markets (e.g., the use of short sale and
derivatives instruments for hedging is not always possible). In addition, bonds issued in some
emerging markets are below investment grade and are subject to downgrade and even default.
This leads to widening of credit spreads and losses in the bond values. Investments in foreign
financial markets also present political, regulatory and economic risks which are significant and
which may differ in kind and degree from the risks presented by investments in the U.S. financial
markets. These may include changes in foreign currency exchange rates or controls, greater price
volatility, differences in accounting standards and policies, and in the type and nature of
disclosures required to be provided by foreign issuers, controls on foreign investment, and
limitations on repatriation of invested capital.
Small and Medium Capitalization Stocks: Fourthstone may invest in companies with small- to
medium- sized market capitalizations. While they may often provide significant potential for
appreciation, those stocks (particularly smaller-capitalization stocks) involve higher risks in some
respects than do investments in stocks of larger companies. For example, prices of small-
capitalization and even medium- capitalization stocks are often more volatile than prices of large-
capitalization stocks and the risk of bankruptcy or insolvency of many smaller companies (with
the attendant losses to investors) is higher than for larger, “blue-chip” companies. In addition,
due to thin trading in some small-capitalization stocks, an investment in those stocks may be
considered illiquid.
Foreign Investments: To the extent Fourthstone invests in securities in markets outside the U.S.
or denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars, the client will be subject to risks not typically
associated with investing in the U.S. These include unfavorable changes in currency exchange
rates, restrictions on repatriation of investment income and capital, imposition of exchange
control regulation by the U.S. or foreign governments, certain foreign or U.S. taxes, and economic
or political instability or disruptions in foreign countries. Further, Fourthstone may have access
to less information about some non-U.S. companies than it would have about U.S. companies,
and financial information may not be subject to standards comparable to those imposed on
companies traded in U.S. markets, making the bases for investment decisions less dependable.
All investments involve different degrees of risk. You should be aware of your risk tolerance level
and financial situation at all times. We cannot guarantee the successful performance of an
investment and we are expressly prohibited from guaranteeing accounts against losses arising
from market conditions.
ITEM 9: DISCIPLINARY INFORMATION
There are no legal or disciplinary events that are material to an evaluation of Fourthstone’s
advisory services or the integrity of management.
ITEM 10: OTHER FINANCIAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES AND AFFILIATIONS
Fourthstone GP LLC, an affiliated entity, acts as the general partner to Fourthstone Opportunity
Fund LP and Fourthstone QP Opportunity Fund LP. One or more of our principals act as Director
for Fourthstone Master Opportunity Fund Ltd. and Fourthstone Offshore Opportunity Fund Ltd.
Fourthstone Opportunity Fund LP and Fourthstone Offshore Opportunity Fund, Ltd., both pooled
investment vehicles, are feeder funds for Fourthstone Master Opportunity Fund, Ltd. We do not
recommend or select other investment advisers for our clients nor do we receive any
compensation for doing so. Fourthstone and our affiliated persons may hold investments in these
funds. These investments in the funds create a conflict of interest because we have an incentive
to provide more lucrative investment opportunities to the Funds, than to accounts in which we
have no investment. This conflict is addressed by aggregating trades for accounts held at the
same custodians. When aggregation of trades is not feasible, an impartial system will be used
to decide which will be traded first. Additional information about this practice is provided in Item
6.
ITEM 11: CODE OF ETHICS, PARTICIPATION OR INTEREST IN CLIENT
TRANSACTIONS AND PERSONAL TRADING
Fourthstone has adopted a written Code of Ethics (the “Code”) designed to address and avoid
potential conflicts of interest as required under Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act. The Code is
predicated on the principle that Fourthstone owes a fiduciary duty to its clients. The Code is designed
to address and avoid potential conflicts of interest, and is applicable to all officers, directors,
investors, partners or employees of Fourthstone (collectively, the “Access Persons”). Fourthstone
requires its Access Persons to act in its clients’ best interests, abide by all applicable regulations,
and avoid any action that is, or could even appear to be, legally or ethically improper.
The Code generally prohibits transactions in most securities held in client account portfolios. In
addition, transactions in new issues (IPOs) and private placements or limited offerings require pre-
approval from the Chief Compliance Officer. The Code requires periodic reporting of Access
Persons’ personal securities transactions and all holdings; places other restrictions on Access
Persons’ personal trading; and requires prompt internal reporting of Code violations. Fourthstone
endeavors to maintain current and accurate records of all personal securities accounts of its Access
Persons in an effort to monitor all such activity. A copy of Fourthstone’s Code is available upon
written request.
Certain transactions in which Fourthstone engages may require, for either business or legal
requirements, that no Access Person trade in the subject securities for specified time periods. Such
securities will appear on a Restricted List that will be circulated to all Access Persons. No Access
Person may engage in any sort of trading activity with respect to a security on the Restricted List
without obtaining prior written approval from the Chief Compliance Officer.
Selection of Brokers
In selecting brokers to execute portfolio transactions, we make a good faith judgment about
which broker would be appropriate. We take into consideration not only the available prices
and rates of brokerage commissions, but also other relevant factors that may include (without
limitation):
• the execution capabilities of the broker-dealer;
• research (including economic forecasts, investment strategy advice, fundamental and
technical advice on individual securities, valuation advice and market analysis);
• custodial and other services provided by the broker/dealer that are expected to
enhance our general portfolio management capabilities;
• the size of the transaction;
• the difficulty of execution;
• the operational facilities of the broker-dealers involved;
• the risk in positioning a block of securities; and
• the quality of the overall brokerage and research services provided by the broker-dealer.
When we select the broker-dealer for a transaction, we may cause you to pay a higher
commission for effecting a transaction than another broker-dealer would have charged for
effecting that transaction. We do this if we determine in good faith that the amount of the
commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services
provided by the broker-dealer. The determination is viewed in terms of either the particular
transaction or our overall responsibilities with respect to you.
Aggregation of Orders
There are occasions on which portfolio transactions will be executed as part of concurrent
authorizations to purchase or sell the same security for one or more other clients and/or one or
more of our associated persons.
Client accounts are grouped when there is an opportunity to aggregate trades in clients’ accounts
at the same broker. Allocations may not be capital weighted in every instance due to differences
in investment mandates and capital additions and withdrawals from client accounts. When we
place a block trade, all participants included in the block receive the same price per share on the
trade. The price is calculated by averaging the price of all of the shares traded. Due to the
averaging of price over all of the participating accounts, aggregated trades could be either
advantageous or disadvantageous. Commission costs are not averaged. You will pay the same
commission whether your trade is placed as part of a block or on an individual basis. The objective
of the aggregated orders will be to allocate the executions in a manner that is deemed equitable
to the accounts involved.
Allocations will be based on cash balances, under/over investment vs. target portfolio, percentage
of private securities, and percentage of non-equity securities. Due to the liquidity of certain
securities and ability to buy privates, not all portfolios will be 100% alike.
Soft Dollars
Fourthstone does not enter into soft dollar arrangements on behalf of its clients or Funds.
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