NAVY CAPITAL GREEN MANAGEMENT, LLC
- Advisory Business
- Fees and Compensation
- Performance-Based Fees
- Types of Clients
- Methods of Analysis
- Disciplinary Information
- Other Activities
- Code of Ethics
- Brokerage Practices
- Review of Accounts
- Client Referrals
- Custody
- Investment Discretion
- Voting Client Securities
- Financial Information
Navy Capital Green Management LLC (“Navy”) is a New York limited liability company which commenced operations in April 2017. The principal owners of Navy are Sean Stiefel and John Kaden. Navy provides investment advisory services on a discretionary basis to domestic and offshore private investment funds (each, a “Fund” and collectively the “Funds”). Investors in the Funds may be individuals or institutions or other entities (including pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, corporations, partnerships, funds of funds, sovereign wealth funds and other business entities). Those Funds which are sponsored by Navy or its affiliate are referred to herein as “Navy Sponsored Funds” and those Funds which are not sponsored by Navy or its affiliate are referred to herein as “Third Party Sponsored Funds.”
Navy may, in the future, provide discretionary or non-discretionary advisory services, either directly or in a sub-advisory capacity, to other investment funds or separately managed accounts. The Funds and any separately managed accounts advised by Navy from time to time are referred to collectively herein as “Clients”.
Navy advises each Fund in an attempt to achieve the Fund’s investment objectives (consistent with any guidelines and/or restrictions that may be imposed thereon) and does not tailor its advice to the individual needs of any investor in such Fund. Fund investors are not clients of Navy by virtue of their ownership in such Funds (and do not enter into investment management agreements with Navy) and therefore generally may not impose any restrictions on the way in which Navy provides advice. Navy’s management of each Fund is subject to the terms of its investment management agreement with the applicable Fund (the “Investment Management Agreement”). Navy and/or its affiliates may enter into side letter agreements with certain investors in Navy Sponsored Funds which provide certain investors with additional and/or different rights than the other investors in such Fund (including but not limited to reduced fees, access to information, minimum investment amounts and liquidity terms).
The information contained in this Brochure is qualified in its entirety by reference to disclosures made in each Funds’ offering memorandum, limited partnership agreement, operating agreement, memorandum and articles of association and/or subscription agreement as applicable (collectively, the “Governing Documents”), which should be carefully reviewed prior to making an investment decision. In no event should this Brochure be considered an offer to sell or a solicitation to buy interests in any Fund or relied upon in determining to invest in any such Fund. This Brochure is designed to provide general disclosure about Navy’s advisory business for the purpose of compliance with certain regulatory obligations under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), and, as such, may differ from (and does not necessarily include all of) the information provided in a Fund’s offering memorandum and other related Governing Documents. As of February 28, 2019, Navy had approximately $190,492,363 of regulatory assets under management on a discretionary basis and $1,135,000 of client assets under management on a non-discretionary basis. please register to get more info
Compensation received by Navy (or its affiliates) generally consists of fees based on a percentage of assets under management (“Management Fees”) and performance-based compensation, such as performance fees or allocations (“Performance Fees”).
Private Funds
Management Fees and Performance Fees relating to the Funds are set forth in the relevant Investment Management Agreement and/or each applicable Fund’s Governing Documents. Management Fees typically range between 1% and 2% of net assets per annum. Management Fees are usually payable monthly in advance. With respect to investors in certain Navy Sponsored Fund who have made a full withdrawal of their capital account and whose only remaining interest in such Fund is in one or more “Special Situation Sub- Account(s)”, the Management Fee would be reduced to 0.25% per annum of the “Book Values” of such “Special Situation Sub-Account(s)” as of the first anniversary of such Fund investor’s effective withdrawal date. With respect to certain closed-end Funds with private equity like terms, Management Fees may be based on capital commitments or funded investments and may be charged in arrears on an annual basis and/or may be payable out of the distribution proceeds of a portfolio investment.
Navy and/or its affiliates receive an incentive fee or incentive allocation of up to 25% of net profits (including realized and unrealized gains), after deducting Management Fees and after making up for any losses carried forward from prior period(s). The timing of allocations/distributions related to Performance Fees varies depending on the Fund and, within particular Funds, on the terms of each class of interest or shares of such Fund, as set forth in the relevant Fund’s Governing Documents. See Item 6 for a further discussion regarding performance based compensation.
Navy reserves the right to waive, reduce, rebate, or calculate differently the Management Fee and/or Performance Fee with respect to any investor in a Navy Sponsored Fund or with respect to certain Clients, including, without limitation, the current or former Navy principals and employees and their family members and any other entity organized or formed by any of the foregoing for tax, estate planning or charitable purposes. Navy typically deducts its fees directly from the Clients’ accounts.
Expenses
Each Fund generally pays expenses incurred by it and reimburses Navy or its affiliates for certain expenses incurred on its behalf. Such expenses may include, without limitation, investment-related expenses (whether such investments are consummated or not) (e.g., brokerage commissions, exchange deposit and withdrawal fees, clearing and settlement charges, custodial fees, interest expenses, expenses relating to consultants, brokers or other professionals or advisors who provide research, advice or due diligence services with regard to investments, appraisal fees, and investment banking expenses); due diligence costs (including travel, such as, but not limited to, air and ground travel, lodging and meals); research costs and expenses (including fees for news, quotation and similar information and pricing services), and research costs and expenses (including fees for news, quotation and similar information and pricing services); registered agent/office fees; legal expenses (including, without limitation, the costs of ongoing legal advice and services, blue sky filings, securities filings (including Schedules 13D or 13G), and all costs and expenses related to or incurred in connection with the General Partner’s compliance obligations under applicable Federal, state or non-U.S. laws arising out of its relationship with the Funds, as well as extraordinary legal expenses, such as those related to litigation or regulatory investigations or proceedings; Management Fees; accounting fees and audit expenses; administrative fees; tax preparation expenses and any applicable tax liabilities (including transfer taxes and withholding taxes); valuation agent fees and expenses; other governmental charges or fees payable by the Funds; director and officer and/or errors and omissions liability insurance premiums or fiduciary liability insurance premiums for directors, officers, and personnel of Navy or its affiliates; costs of printing and mailing reports and notices; expenses incurred with regard to “special situation investments”; other similar expenses related to the Fund, in Navy or its affiliates’ sole discretion. With respect to “broken deal expenses”, the Funds will generally be required to bear their pro rata portion of broken deal expenses in accordance with the amount they were expected to invest in the unconsummated deal. Navy and/or its affiliate, as applicable, will make such judgments in a manner that it determines to be fair and reasonable in good faith, notwithstanding Navy’s interest in the outcome, and may make corrective allocations should it determine that such corrections are necessary or advisable. However, such determination is inherently subjective and may give rise to conflicts of interest in light of the inherent biases in the process. There can be no assurance that a different manner of allocation would not result in a Fund bearing less (or more) expenses. Navy bears its own operating, general, administrative and overhead costs and expenses. Neither Navy nor any of its supervised persons accepts compensation for the sale of securities or other investment products. please register to get more info
As noted in Item 5 above, Navy and/or its affiliate receives Performance Fees of up to 25% of net profits (including realized and unrealized gains), after deducting Management Fees and after making up for any losses carried forward from prior period(s) from certain Clients. Performance Fees may create an incentive for Navy to recommend investments that may be riskier or more speculative than would be the case if such arrangement were not in effect. In addition, Performance Fee arrangements may create an incentive to favor higher fee-paying Clients over other Clients (including Clients who may not be subject to any Performance Fees) in the allocation of investment opportunities. The Performance Fees received by Navy and its affiliates in some cases are calculated on the basis of the unrealized, as well as the realized, gains and losses. As a result, the Performance Fees could be made to Navy and its affiliates in respect of unrealized gains of the Funds that may never be realized. Navy believes that it has reasonable controls in place to mitigate such potential conflicts of interest. These controls include trade allocation procedures that govern allocation of securities, including limited offerings, and analysis of performance achieved by accounts managed in a similar strategy. Navy’s procedures generally require accounts with similar investment strategies to be managed in a similar fashion, subject to a variety of exceptions, such as particular investment restrictions or policies applicable only to certain accounts, differences in cash flows, exposure guidelines, account sizes, liquidity terms, and similar factors.
Navy provides advisory services to a number of Clients, including certain pooled investment vehicles in which it has an interest, all of which have investment programs that are similar or substantially similar to each other. In addition, Navy may in the future advise other pooled investment vehicles and separately managed accounts that may have investment programs that are similar or substantially similar to the investment program of one or more Clients. As a result of the foregoing, Navy and its employees may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time and resources among Navy’s Clients, and in allocating investments among Navy’s Clients. Accordingly, Navy will devote so much of its time and will allocate the time and resources of its employees to each Client as in its judgment each Client reasonably requires. please register to get more info
As noted in Item 4 above, Navy provides investment management services on a discretionary and non- discretionary basis to domestic and offshore private investment funds sponsored by Navy and/or its affiliate or by third parties unaffiliated with Navy. Investors in the Funds may be individuals or institutions or other entities (including pension and profit sharing plans, trusts, estates, charitable organizations, corporations, partnerships, funds of funds, and other business entities). The minimum initial subscription amount for investing in the Navy Sponsored Funds (as set forth in their respective Governing Documents) ranges from $100,000 to $1,000,000, generally subject to change or waiver at the discretion of Navy, or a Fund’s general partner or board of directors, as applicable. please register to get more info
Investment Strategies
The primary investment objective of the Funds is to compound capital at a superior rate with prudence over time by investing in the emerging secular growth opportunity presented by the global legalization of medicinal and/or adult-use cannabis. In pursuing this investment objective, Navy uses fundamental analysis to select investments in equity and debt securities, but may opportunistically invest in other financial instruments.
Navy focuses on controlling the risk of “permanent capital loss” resulting from a negative business development or excessive valuation by integrating risk management into its research-oriented, fundamentally-driven, bottom-up security selection process, which emphasizes investing in high quality companies that have strong financial characteristics and competitive positions, are at the beginning of their profit growth cycle and are trading at meaningful discounts to long term fair value. While Navy does not generally seek to manage short-term price volatility, accepting these “risks” in exchange for potential superior long-term returns, Navy’s focus on quality growth and the team’s strict value discipline reduces some of the risks inherent in investing in rapidly growing companies competing for their share of a new, still evolving, secular growth opportunity. Additionally, as the industry matures and it becomes more practical, Navy will manage market and industry risk by shorting those cannabis and cannabis-related stocks that it deems to be fundamentally overvalued.
The primary geographic focus will be North America (in particular, the United States and Canada) but as the growth of the legal cannabis industry is a global phenomenon, Navy will invest opportunistically across both developed and developing countries. Navy intends to invest in both pure-play cannabis businesses and in companies with less direct, thematic exposure to the global medical and adult-use cannabis markets.
Methods of Analysis
Navy employs a fundamental bottom-up approach to investing, with a research intensive-focus on both business and industry fundamentals to uncover misunderstood, asymmetric risk-reward investment opportunities. Research identifies undervalued, high quality, secular growth businesses—long-term “compounders”— that the Funds can hold for three (3) to five (5) years on the long side as well as those that are fundamentally flawed and/or selling significantly above their intrinsic value on the short side.
Navy emphasizes managing capital with a consideration of the market, industry cyclicality, and investor sentiment within individual securities. Top-down analysis of global macroeconomic conditions, utilizing both internal and external research can help assess the conditions in which a company operates. In addition, top-down analysis may direct deep dives into especially strong or weak areas of the cannabis and cannabis- related markets, thereby focusing Navy’s bottom-up analysis in areas with the best risk adjusted potential returns. The Funds’ portfolios will be composed primarily of two sources of stock selection:
• pure-play cannabis businesses; and
• companies with less direct, macro-thematic exposure to the global cannabis industry. The source of selection is flexible and will be driven primarily by:
• valuation of the general market or the point of a cycle in an industry (abundance of investment opportunities);
• active corporate restructuring and the M&A market;
• identifiable catalysts for revaluation (through higher multiple or earnings growth); and
• risk-reward, level of conviction or disproportionate position size. It is Navy’s belief that superior investment returns can be generated through a concentrated, high-conviction portfolio over a multi-year holding period. The Funds’ net market exposure will depend on the combination of Navy’s view of the macroeconomic environment and market trends generally, and the microeconomic environment within cannabis and cannabis-related businesses and industries specifically. Navy will typically limit the Funds’ exposure to fluctuations in the broader market by its specialized focus on investments in the global cannabis space and from risks within the cannabis industry by deploying capital in a patient and disciplined fashion, attempting to buy only the highest quality, structurally advantaged companies trading at a meaningful discount to fair value and, when appropriate, selling short those companies that trade at unjustifiable premiums while simultaneously exhibiting the weakest current and future fundamentals. Over sustained periods of time the performance of the Funds will be more a function of investment selection than of movements in broad market averages. Use of leverage will be closely monitored and will remain within Navy’s comfort level.
Risk Factors
The following is a brief summary of certain of the more significant risks associated with Navy’s investment strategies. Investing in securities involves risk of loss that Clients and Fund investors should be prepared to bear.
General
General Investment Risks. The Funds’ success depends on Navy’s ability to implement the Funds’ respective investment strategies. Any factor that would make it more difficult to execute timely trades, such as a significant lessening of liquidity in a particular market, may also be detrimental to profitability. No assurance can be given that the investment strategies to be used by the Funds will be successful under all or any market conditions.
The Funds may increase their cash position to up to 100% of its assets when Navy deems it prudent or when a defensive position is warranted in light of market conditions. During such times, interest income will increase and may constitute a large portion of the return and the Funds will not participate in market advances or declines to the extent that it would have if they had been more fully invested.
A potential investor in the Funds should note that the prices of the securities and other instruments in which the Funds invest may be unavailable. Market movements are difficult to predict and are influenced by, among other things, government trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies; changing supply and demand relationships; national and international political and economic events; changes in interest rates; and the inherent volatility of the marketplace. In addition, governments from time to time intervene, directly and by regulation, in certain markets, often with the intent to influence prices directly. The effects of governmental intervention may be particularly significant at certain times in the financial instrument and currency markets, and such intervention (as well as other factors) may cause these markets and related investments to move rapidly. Investment and Trading Risks. All investments involve the risk of a loss of capital. Navy believes that the Funds’ investment programs and research and risk-management techniques moderate this risk through the careful selection of securities and other financial instruments and/or portfolio construction. No guarantee or representation is made that the Funds’ investment programs will be successful, and investment results may vary substantially over time. The Funds’ investment programs may utilize such investment techniques as option transactions, limited diversification, margin transactions, short sales and futures and forward contracts, which practices can, in certain circumstances, maximize the adverse impact to which the Funds may be subject. Risks Associated with Investments in Private Companies Investments by the Funds in the debt or equity of private companies may expose the Funds to a number of risks, including market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, and litigation risk. The Funds May Not Have Control Over an Investment. In general, the Funds intends to acquire minority interests in private companies or other assets in which it invests, or rely on independent third-party management or strategic partners with respect to the management of private companies. The Funds may also co-invest with third-parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other types of entities, thereby acquiring non-controlling interests in certain investments. The Funds may also have no right to appoint a director or otherwise exert significant or any influence. In such a case, the Funds will be reliant on the existing management and board of directors of such portfolio company, which may include representatives of other financial investors with whom the Funds are not affiliated and whose interests may conflict with the interests of the Funds. Even if the Funds obtain shareholder rights, as a relatively minor holder in a portfolio company, the Funds are unlikely to have significant information rights or ability to exert control through its vote or exercise of fiduciary obligations to influence the management of any portfolio company. Therefore, the Funds may not be able to exercise control over such investments. A third-party partner or co-venturer may have financial difficulties resulting in a negative impact on such asset, may have economic or business interests or goals which are inconsistent with those of the Funds, or may be in a position to take action contrary to the Funds’ investment objectives. The Funds May Not Achieve Their Targeted Rate of Return on Its Investments. Navy expects to make investments on behalf of the Funds based on its estimates or projections of overall rates of return on such investments, which in turn are based upon, among other considerations, assumptions regarding the performance of private companies, the amount and terms of available financing, marketability and viability of and the manner and timing of dispositions, all of which are subject to significant uncertainty. In addition, events or conditions that Navy has not anticipated may occur and may have a significant effect on the actual rate of return received on an investment.
Lack of Liquidity and Need for Additional Capital. After the Funds have financed a private portfolio company, continued development and marketing of products and/or services may require that additional financing be provided. Navy expects the private portfolio companies in which the Funds invest to have substantial capital needs that are typically funded over several stages of investment. No assurance can be given that such additional financing will be available, and no assurance can be made as to the terms upon which such financing may be obtained. The Funds will purchase securities in portfolio companies in direct issuances from portfolio companies or through purchases of securities from the founders of such portfolio companies or on the secondary market. Acquisitions from the founders and in secondary market do not contribute any capital to a portfolio company. Accordingly, third-party sources of financing may be required. In addition, such additional capital, if raised, may dilute the holdings of existing investors such as the Funds. The inability of such private companies to attract additional capital may have the effect of halting the development of that private company and cause the Funds to lose their investment therein altogether. Also, if such private company is ultimately unsuccessful in its exit strategy such as going public and developing a public market or merging with or being acquired by another company, the Funds’ holdings of that company’s securities may become worthless or severely devalued. Competition for Investments. The Funds expects to encounter competition from other entities having similar investment objectives. Historically, the primary competition for such investments has been from venture capital partnerships and companies, venture capital affiliates of large industrial companies, wealthy individuals and non-U.S. investors. Additional competition is anticipated from industrial and financial companies investing directly, rather than through venture capital entities, as well as other larger institutional asset management firms. The Funds may co-invest with other investors, and these relationships with other investors may expand the Funds’ access to investment opportunities. However, there is no assurance that the Funds will succeed in finding investments on similar or favorable terms in comparison to its competitors. Start-up Risks. The Funds may make investments in companies at the start-up or incubation stage of their development. Particularly in early-stage enterprises, a major risk exists that a proposed service or product cannot be developed successfully with the resources available to the private company. There is no assurance that the development efforts of any private company will be successful or, if successful, will be completed within the budget or time period originally estimated. The services and products may also be subject to a high degree of technical obsolescence. There is no assurance that any company can successfully develop future generations of its services or products. Additional funds may be necessary to complete such development, and there is no assurance that such fund will be available from any particular source.
Illiquid Investments. Certain Funds may invest in private securities for which no (or only a limited) market exists or that are subject to legal or other restrictions on transfer. The Funds may also invest from time to time in publicly traded securities that are subject to contractual and/or statutory lock-up provisions which render such securities illiquid. Additionally, the Funds trade securities on certain exchanges (including but not limited to the Canadian Securities Exchange, the Toronto Stock Exchange, the NEO Exchange and the TSX Venture Exchange) that often do not have the same amount of market participants as the equivalent exchanges in the U.S. and therefore such securities are less liquid than if traded on U.S. exchanges. It may take the Funds longer to liquidate such positions (if they can be liquidated) than would be the case for more liquid investments. The prices realized on the resale of private securities could be less than those originally paid by the Funds. The market prices, if any, for such assets tend to be volatile, and may fluctuate due to a variety of factors that are inherently difficult to predict including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, prevailing credit spreads, general economic conditions, financial market conditions, domestic or international economic or political events, developments or trends in any particular industry, and the financial condition of obligors on the Funds’ assets. The Funds may not be able to sell assets when it desires to do so or to realize what it perceives to be their fair value in the event of a sale. The sale of illiquid assets and restricted securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over- the-counter markets. Restricted securities may sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale.
Control Securities. The Funds may hold positions in companies where one or more representatives of Navy, the applicable general partner, or their affiliates sits on the board of directors. As a result, public resale of these securities may be restricted under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as the Funds’ investments in these companies may be deemed to be “control securities” under U.S. securities laws. Furthermore, the Funds may be subject to the trading windows and insider trading policies of such companies as well as obligations under Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which, among other things, subjects trading in certain of these companies’ securities to the “short swing profit rule.” Investing in securities with limited or no liquidity or where one or more representatives of Navy, the applicable general partner or their affiliates sits on the board of directors may impair the Funds’ ability to dispose of such securities on a timely basis. As a result, the ability of the Funds to timely execute transactions in order to realize gains and avoid losses may be hindered. The Funds’ positions in such securities could be substantial. Risks Associated With Instruments Traded by Navy Equity Securities. The value of the equity securities held by the Funds is subject to market risk, including changes in economic conditions, growth rates, profits, interest rates and the market’s perception of these securities. While offering greater potential for long-term growth, equity securities are more volatile and can be riskier than some other forms of investment. Option Transactions. The purchase or sale of an option by the Funds involves the payment or receipt of a premium payment and the corresponding right or obligation, as the case may be, to either purchase or sell the underlying investment for a specific price at a certain time or during a certain period. Purchasing options involves the risk that the underlying investment does not change in price in the manner expected, so that the option expires worthless and the investor loses its premium. Selling options, on the other hand, involves potentially greater risk because the investor is exposed to the extent of the actual price movement in the underlying investment in excess of the premium payment received.
Small- and Medium-Capitalization Stocks. The Funds may invest its assets in stocks of companies with smaller market capitalizations. Small- and medium-capitalization companies may be of a less seasoned nature or have securities that may be traded in the over-the-counter market. These “secondary” securities often involve significantly greater risks than the securities of larger, better-known companies. In addition to being subject to the general market risk that stock prices may decline over short or even extended periods, such companies may not be well-known to the investing public, may not have significant institutional ownership and may have cyclical, static or only moderate growth prospects. Additionally, stocks of such companies may be more volatile in price and have lower trading volumes than larger capitalized companies, which can result in greater sensitivity of the market price to individual transactions. Accordingly, investors in the Funds should have a long-term investment horizon.
Small- and medium-capitalization securities may be followed by relatively few securities analysts with the result that there tends to be less publicly available information concerning these securities compared to what is available for exchange-listed or larger companies. The securities of these companies have more limited trading volumes than those of larger issuers and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than the securities of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general, and the Funds may be required to deal with only a few market makers when purchasing and selling these securities. Transaction costs in small- and medium-capitalization stocks may be higher than those involving larger capitalized companies. Companies in which the Funds may invest may also have limited product lines, markets or financial resources and may lack management depth and may be more vulnerable to adverse business or market developments.
Debt and Other Income Securities. The Funds may invest in fixed income and adjustable rate securities. Income securities are subject to interest rate, market and credit risk. Interest rate risk relates to changes in a security’s value as a result of changes in interest rates generally. Even though such instruments are investments that may promise a stable stream of income, the prices of such securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates and, therefore, are subject to the risk of market price fluctuations. In general, the values of fixed income securities increase when prevailing interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. Because of the resetting of interest rates, adjustable rate securities are less likely than non- adjustable rate securities of comparable quality and maturity to increase or decrease significantly in value when market interest rates fall or rise, respectively. Market risk relates to the changes in the risk or perceived risk of an issuer, industry, country or region. Credit risk relates to the ability of the issuer to make payments of principal and interest. The values of income securities may be affected by changes in the credit rating or financial condition of the issuing entities. Income securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies are also subject to the risk of a decline in the value of the denominating currency relative to the U.S. dollar. Derivative Investments. Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is derived from, an underlying product, such as the value of a securities index. The risks generally associated with derivatives include the risks that: (1) the value of the derivative will change in a manner detrimental to the Funds; (2) before purchasing the derivative, the Funds will not have the opportunity to observe its performance under all market conditions; (3) another party to the derivative may fail to comply with the terms of the derivative contract; (4) the derivative may be difficult to purchase or sell; and (5) the derivative may involve indebtedness or economic leverage, such that adverse changes in the value of the underlying asset could result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself or in heightened price sensitivity to market fluctuations. Derivatives Markets Can be Highly Volatile. The profitability of investments by the Funds in the derivatives markets depends on the ability of Navy to analyze correctly these markets, which are influenced by, among other things, changing supply and demand relationships, governmental, commercial and trade programs and policies designed to influence world political and economic events, and changes in interest rates. In addition, the assets of the Funds may be pledged as collateral in derivatives transactions. Thus, if the Funds defaults on such an obligation, the counterparty to such transaction may be entitled some or all of the assets of the Funds as a result of the default.
Non-U.S. Securities. The Funds may invest in securities and other instruments of non-U.S. corporations and non-U.S. countries. Investing in the securities of companies in, and governments of, non- U.S. countries involves certain considerations not usually associated with investing in securities of U.S. companies or the U.S. government. These include, among other things, political and economic considerations, such as greater risks of expropriation, nationalization and general social, political, and economic instability; the smaller size of the securities markets in such countries and the lower volume of trading may result in potential lack of liquidity and in price volatility; fluctuations in the rates of exchange between currencies and costs associated with currency conversion; differences in withholding and other taxation and certain government policies that may restrict or impede the Funds’ investment opportunities. In addition, accounting and financial reporting standards that prevail in non-U.S. countries generally are not equivalent to U.S. standards and, consequently, less information may be available to investors in companies located in, and governments of, non-U.S. countries than is available to investors in companies located in the United States. As a general rule, there is less regulation of the securities markets in non-U.S. countries than there is in the United States. Exchange-Traded Funds. The Funds may invest in exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). ETFs are a recently developed type of investment security, representing an interest in a passively managed portfolio of securities selected to replicate a securities index, such as the S&P 500 Index or the Dow Jones Industrial Average, or to represent exposure to a particular industry or sector. Unlike open-end mutual funds, the shares of ETFs and closed-end investment companies are not purchased and redeemed by investors directly with the fund, but instead are purchased and sold through broker-dealers in transactions on a stock exchange. Because ETF and closed-end fund shares are traded on an exchange, they may trade at a discount from, or a premium to, the net asset value per share of the underlying portfolio of securities. As a relatively new type of security, the trading characteristics of ETFs may not yet be fully developed or understood by potential investors. In addition to bearing the risks related to investments in equity securities, investors in ETFs that are intended to replicate a securities index bear the risk that the ETFs’ performance may not correctly replicate the performance of the index. Investors in ETFs, closed-end funds and other investment companies bear a proportionate share of the expenses of those funds, including management fees, custodial and accounting costs, and other expenses. Trading in ETF and closed-end fund shares also entails payment of brokerage commissions and other transaction costs. Subordinated Securities. Investments in subordinated debt involve greater credit risk of default than the senior classes of the issue or series. Certain subordinated securities (“first loss securities”) absorb all losses from default before any other class of securities is at risk, particularly if such securities have been issued with little or no credit enhancement or equity. Such securities therefore possess some of the attributes typically associated with equity investments. Interest Rate, Credit Default and Total Return Swaps. Swap agreements are types of derivatives. The Funds may enter into interest rate, credit default, or total return swap transactions. Interest rate swap transactions involve the exchange by one party, such as a Fund, with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (for example, an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed-rate payments). In such transactions, there is a risk that yields will move in the direction opposite of the direction anticipated by Navy, which would cause a Fund to make payments to its counterparty in the transaction that could adversely affect Fund performance. Credit default swap transactions involve the buyer of the swap receiving credit protection, whereas the seller of the swap guarantees the credit worthiness of an entity. In addition to the risks applicable to swaps generally, credit default swap transactions involve special risks because they are difficult to value, are highly susceptible to liquidity and credit risk, and generally pay a return to the party that has paid the premium only in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial difficulty). Total return swap transactions involve the exchange by one party, such as a Fund, with another party to pay or receive the total return of a defined asset in return for receiving or paying a stream of cash flow. In total return swap transactions there are the risks that the counterparty will default on its payment obligation to a Fund in the transaction and that a Fund will not be able to meet its obligations to the counterparty in the transaction.
Non-U.S. Exchanges and Markets. The Funds may engage in trading on non-U.S. exchanges and markets. Trading on such exchanges and markets may involve certain risks including exchange-rate exposure, excessive taxation, possible governmental regulation or lack thereof not applicable to trading on U.S. exchanges and markets and such exchanges and markets are frequently less regulated than those in the U.S. For example, certain non-U.S. exchanges may not provide the same assurances of the integrity (financial and otherwise) of the marketplace and its participants, as do U.S. exchanges. There also may be less regulatory oversight and supervision by the exchanges themselves over transactions and participants in such transactions on those exchanges. Some non-U.S. exchanges, in contrast to U.S. exchanges, are “principals’ markets” in which performance is the responsibility only of the individual member with whom the trader has dealt and is not the responsibility of an exchange or clearing association. Furthermore, trading on certain non- U.S. exchanges may be conducted in such a manner that all participants are not afforded an equal opportunity to execute certain trades and may also be subject to a variety of political influences, including the possibility of direct government intervention. Investment in non-U.S. markets would also be subject to the risk of fluctuations in the exchange rate between the local currency and the U.S. dollar and to the possibility of exchange controls. Non-U.S. brokerage commissions and other fees are also generally higher than in the United States. In addition, the Funds’ rights and responsibilities if a non-U.S. exchange or clearing house defaults or declares bankruptcy are likely to be more limited than if a U.S. exchange does so. Consequently, daily price movements for these instruments may be unlimited, and there can be no guarantee that markets will exist for liquidation of such instruments following investment.
General Risks of Off-Exchange Currency Trading. The foreign exchange market (also known as “Forex”) is a global decentralized market for the trading of currencies. The foreign exchange market is very loosely regulated and there is no central marketplace for currency exchange. As such, currency trading is conducted electronically in “over-the-counter” (OTC) transactions between among others, fund managers, corporate treasury departments, banks, position traders, and speculators. Positions which are traded on the foreign exchange market can be highly leveraged and accordingly, such positions will generally carry a high degree of risk and can result in a loss of all or substantially all of the assets placed in the margin account. Currency Risk. The value of the Funds’ assets may be affected favorably or unfavorably by the changes in currency rates and exchange control regulations. Some currency exchange costs may be incurred when the Funds transfers investments from one country to another. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. They generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the respective markets and the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or perceived changes in interest rates and other complex factors, as seen from an international perspective. Currency exchange rates can also be affected unpredictably by intervention by governments or central banks (or the failure to intervene) or by currency controls or political developments. The Funds may seek to mitigate the risk of currency exchange fluctuation through the active and systematic use of currency hedges. Investment Strategy Risks Leverage and Margin Transactions. In order to raise additional cash for investment, the Funds may borrow money from banks and other sources and will pay interest thereon. Any investment gains made with the additional monies in excess of interest paid will cause the Net Asset Value of the Funds to rise faster than would otherwise be the case. On the other hand, if the investment performance of the additional securities purchased fails to cover their cost (including any interest paid on the money borrowed) to the Fund, the Net Asset Value of the Fund will decrease faster than would otherwise be the case. This is the speculative factor known as “leverage.” The amount of money the Funds may borrow is determined by risk-based parameters set by the Funds’ prime broker as well as applicable margin guidelines imposed by regulations adopted by the Federal Reserve Board. The Funds may also purchase securities in uncovered margin transactions. In the event of adverse market movements or other factors, the Funds may have to meet calls for substantial additional margin which may limit the Funds’ assets available for other investments at an inopportune time. In addition, a change in the general level of interest rates may adversely affect the Funds. The use of leverage may, in certain circumstances, increase the adverse impact to which the Funds’ investment portfolio may be subject.
Systems Risks. The Funds depend on Navy to develop and implement appropriate systems for the Funds’ activities. The Funds relies extensively on computer programs and systems to trade, clear, and settle securities transactions, to evaluate certain securities based on real-time trading information, to monitor its portfolio and net capital, and to generate risk management and other reports that are critical to oversight of the Funds’ activities. The ability of its systems to accommodate an increasing volume of transactions could also constrain Navy’s ability to manage the portfolio. In addition, certain of the Funds’ and Navy’s operations interface with or depend on systems operated by third-parties, including prime brokers and market counterparties and their respective sub-custodians, and other service providers, and the Funds or Navy may not be in a position to verify the risks or reliability of such third-party systems. These programs or systems may be subject to certain defects, failures or interruptions, including, but not limited to, those caused by worms, viruses and power failures. Any such defect or failure could have a material adverse effect on the Funds. For example, such failures could cause settlement of trades to fail, lead to inaccurate accounting, recording or processing of trades, and cause inaccurate reports, which may affect Navy’s ability to monitor the Funds’ investment portfolios and their risks. Navy is not liable to the Funds for losses caused by systems failures or due to any breakdown in the means of the communication normally used to ascertain the value of the Funds’ investments or to conduct trading in such investments.
Execution of Orders. The Funds’ trading strategies depend on the ability to establish and maintain an overall market position in a combination of financial instruments selected by Navy. The Funds’ trading orders may not be executed in a timely and efficient manner due to various circumstances, including, without limitation, systems failures or human error attributable to employees, brokers, agents or other service providers. In such events, the Funds might only be able to acquire some, but not all, of the components of such position, or if the overall position were to need adjustment, the Funds might not be able to make such adjustment. As a result, the Funds would not be able to achieve the market position selected by Navy, and might incur a loss in liquidating its position. Operational Risks. The volume and complexity of the Funds’ transactions may place substantial burdens on Navy’s operational systems and resources, including those related to trade entry and execution, position reconciliation, corporate actions, marking procedures, finance, accounting, profit and loss reporting, internal management and risk reporting and funds transfers. Human error, system failure or other problems with any of these processes could result in material losses or costs, which will generally be borne by the Funds. Short-Selling. The Funds may engage in short-selling as part of its general investment strategy. Short- selling involves selling securities that are not owned and borrowing the same securities for delivery to the purchaser, with an obligation to replace the borrowed securities at a later date. Short-selling allows the Funds to profit from declines in market prices to the extent such decline exceeds the transaction costs and the costs of borrowing the securities. However, because the borrowed securities must be replaced by purchases at market prices in order to close out the short position, any appreciation in the price of the borrowed securities would result in a loss upon such repurchase. The Funds’ obligations under its short-sales will be marked to market daily and collateralized by the Funds’ assets held at the Broker, including its cash balance and its long securities positions. Because short-sales must be marked to market daily, there may be periods when short sales must be settled prematurely, and a substantial loss would occur. Purchasing securities to close out the short position can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, thereby exacerbating the loss. Short- selling exposes the Funds to unlimited risk with respect to that security due to the lack of an upper limit on the price to which an instrument can rise. Short-sales may be utilized to enhance returns and hedge the portfolio. Navy anticipates that the frequency of short-sales will vary substantially in different periods. There are no prescribed limits to the amount of Fund assets that may be subject to short-sales. Effects of Partnership Growth. To the extent the Funds grow and/or take larger positions in the securities of particular companies, they may experience difficulty in making and liquidating investments without adversely affecting the prices at which they buy and sell the securities. This effect is likely to be most felt in investments in smaller capitalization companies in which markets tend to be less liquid. Additionally, to the extent the Funds grow as a result of raising additional capital, a investor’s pro rata interest in certain portfolio positions (particularly private securities that are not listed on an exchange) may become diluted over time. Lack of Diversification. The Funds’ investments will be concentrated in an industry or group of related industries. The value of the Funds’ investments may rise or fall more than the value of a broadly diversified group of investments. Although Navy will structure the Funds’ portfolios so that investments (both individually and in the aggregate) have desirable risk/reward characteristics and, to the extent applicable, so that the Funds may be able to satisfy Fund investors’ requests for withdrawals, the Funds may not subject to any restrictions with respect to investments in any particular industry, geography or type of investment. The Funds may incur losses or increased volatility of results due to a concentration of investments in a particular company or industry.
Hedging. Navy on behalf of the Funds may seek to hedge certain market or other risks inherent in the Funds’ portfolio positions.
Navy on behalf of the Funds generally may enter into hedging transactions with the intention of reducing or controlling risk. Even if Navy is successful in doing so, the cost of hedging may have the effect of reducing returns. Furthermore, it is possible that Navy’s hedging strategies will not be effective in controlling risk, due to unexpected non-correlation between the hedging instrument and the position being hedged, increasing rather than reducing both risk and losses. To the extent that Navy hedges, its hedges may not be static but rather might need to be continually adjusted based on Navy’s assessment of market conditions, as well as the expected degree of non-correlation between the hedges and the portfolio being hedged. The success of Navy’s hedging strategy may depend on its ability to implement this dynamic hedging approach efficiently and cost effectively, as well as on the accuracy of Navy’s ongoing judgments concerning the hedging positions to be acquired. Highly Volatile Instruments. The prices of financial instruments in which the Funds may invest can be highly volatile. Price movements of option contracts in which the Funds’ assets may be invested are influenced by, among other things, interest rates, changing supply and demand relationships, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies of governments, and national and international political and economic events and policies. The Funds are subject to the risk of failure of any of the exchanges on which its positions trade or of their clearing houses. Failure of Broker-Dealers. Institutions, such as brokerage firms or banks, may hold certain of the Funds’ assets in “street name.” Bankruptcy or fraud at one of these institutions could impair the operational capabilities or the capital position of the Funds. In addition, as the Funds may borrow money or securities, the Funds will post certain of their assets as collateral securing the obligations (“Margin Securities”). The Funds’ brokers generally holds the Margin Securities on a commingled basis with margin securities of its other customers and may use certain of the Margin Securities to generate cash to fund a Funds’ leverage, including pledging such Margin Securities. Some or all of the Margin Securities may be available to creditors of the Funds’ brokers in the event of its insolvency. The Funds’ brokers have netting and set off rights over all the assets held by it (which may indirectly include amounts held for the Funds’ benefit in the special segregated bank account) to satisfy the Funds’ obligations under its agreements with the Funds’ broker, including obligations relating to any margin or short positions.
Risk of Default of Exchanges. Exchange-traded futures and/or options on futures contracts may be utilized by Navy and although these exchanges are highly regulated and have never defaulted in the past, there is a risk that these exchanges could fail to perform in clearing executed transactions. Navy’s Methodology. Trading decisions of Navy are on a discretionary basis using fundamental and/or technical analysis and no assurance can be given that such trading strategies used by Navy will be successful, or that losses could not occur. In entering orders into the Funds’ accounts, Navy will use market, limit, stop, and other qualified orders, if in its judgment, that appears appropriate under given market conditions. In addition, when liquidating a position, Navy may place a reversal order, i.e., the current position is liquidated and an opposite one is established.
Risk of Loss. A Fund investor could incur substantial, or even total, losses on an investment in the Funds. An investment in the Funds is only suitable for persons willing to accept this high level of risk.
Cannabis Industry Specific Risks Regulation of Cannabis in the United States. Substances contained in and derived from the cannabis plant (specifically, the substances “tetrahydrocannabinols” (“THC”) and “Marijuana extract”) are classified as Schedule I controlled substances under the U.S. Controlled Substances Act of 1970, as amended (the “Controlled Substances Act”) and are therefore illegal under federal law for any purpose. Even in those states in which the use of cannabis has been legalized, its use remains a violation of federal law with state and federal laws regarding cannabis often conflicting. Since federal law criminalizing the use of cannabis preempts state laws that legalize its use, strict enforcement of federal law regarding cannabis would likely cause significant financial harm to the businesses in which the Funds invest and the ability of the Funds to pursue its investment strategy. Schedule I controlled substances by definition have a high potential for abuse, have no currently “accepted medical use” in the United States, lack accepted safety for use under medical supervision, and may not be prescribed, marketed or sold in the United States. In August 2016, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency announced it would allow more research into the effects and medical efficacy of cannabis, including by approving more cultivation centers to provide cannabis for research. As of the date of this Memorandum, thirty-six (36) states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories of Guam, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands have legalized cannabis for medical purposes. Fourteen (14) other states have laws that limit the THC content, for the purpose of allowing access to products that are rich in cannabidiol (“CBD”), a non-psychoactive component of cannabis. As of the date of this Memorandum, adult recreational or personal use of cannabis is legalized in eleven (11) states (Alaska, California, Colorado, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington), plus the District of Columbia, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam. Legalization in the cannabis context means the abolishment of laws that ban the possession and personal use of cannabis. Legalization enables governments to regulate and tax cannabis use and sales. Another fourteen (14) states (Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio and Rhode Island) and the U.S. Virgin Islands have decriminalized cannabis. Decriminalization means a loosening of criminal penalties and in the cannabis context generally means that possession of certain small amounts of cannabis for personal consumption may be a civil or local infraction but will no longer rise to the level of being a state crime or may constitute the lowest misdemeanor with no possibility of jail time. These state laws are in conflict with the Controlled Substances Act, a federal law which makes cannabis use and possession illegal on a national level. The prior U.S. administration attempted to address the inconsistent treatment of cannabis under state and federal law in a memorandum (the “Cole Memorandum”) which Deputy Attorney General James Cole sent to all U.S. Attorneys in August 2013 that outlined certain priorities for the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) relating to the prosecution of cannabis offenses. The Cole Memorandum held that enforcing federal cannabis laws and regulations in jurisdictions that have enacted laws legalizing cannabis in some form, and that have also implemented strong and effective regulatory and enforcement systems to control the cultivation, processing, distribution, sale and possession of cannabis, was not a priority for the DOJ; provided that the relevant businesses operated in compliance with those laws and regulations. The DOJ did not provide (and has not provided since) specific guidelines for what regulatory and enforcement systems would be deemed sufficient under the Cole Memorandum. On January 4, 2018, U.S. Attorney General Jefferson B. Sessions issued a memorandum to U.S. Attorneys (the “Sessions Memorandum”), which rescinded the Cole Memorandum effective upon its issuance. The Sessions Memorandum stated, in part, that current law reflects “Congress’s determination that marijuana is a dangerous drug and that marijuana activity is a serious crime”, and Mr. Sessions directed all U.S. Attorneys to enforce the laws enacted by Congress and to follow well-established principles when pursuing prosecutions related to cannabis activities. There can be no assurance that the federal government will not enforce federal laws relating to cannabis in the future. Jeff Sessions resigned as U.S. Attorney General on November 7, 2018 and William Barr replaced him on February 14, 2019. In his Senate confirmation hearings Mr. Barr stated that he had no intention of targeting state compliant cannabis businesses. It is unclear what impact this development will have on U.S. federal government enforcement policy. Under the Trump administration, there is no guarantee that this policy regarding the low priority enforcement of federal laws will not change. Additionally, any future administration could change this policy and decide to enforce the federal laws more strictly. Any such change in the federal government’s enforcement of current federal laws would likely cause significant financial damage to the Funds. Although cannabis remains a Schedule I controlled substance, the Rohrabacher-Farr amendment (also known as the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer amendment) prohibits the use of federal funds in connection with investigating and prosecuting persons and entities complying with state medical cannabis laws. The Rohrabacher-Farr amendment has been renewed annually for the last several years as part of the appropriations process in Congress. Any failure to renew the Rohrabacher-Farr amendment or a new approach to cannabis from the DOJ could have a chilling effect on the industry’s growth and be materially adverse to the Funds and their respective portfolio investments. Through due diligence and appropriate warranties and covenants in its investment documentation, as well as its rights as an investor in portfolio companies, the Funds will seek to avoid investing in companies whose businesses may run afoul of guidance provided in the Cole. However, it remains the case that the business of certain portfolio companies will be illegal under federal law and that by investing in the Funds, investors may be deemed to be violating federal law. There are no assurances that investments in the Funds will not subject the investors to arrest, criminal prosecution, civil penalties, criminal or civil forfeiture of personal assets, loss of federal benefits, or other negative criminal or administrative consequences. Investors should be aware that cannabis may never be legalized federally in the United States. The cultivation of industrial hemp (defined as cannabis and cannabis derivatives with no more than 0.3% of THC on a dry weight basis) was made legal in the United States in late 2018 with the enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (the 2018 Farm Bill). Nevertheless, states control the regulatory structure for the cultivation of hemp. Nearly all states allow hemp cultivation for commercial, research or pilot programs, although not all such states have functioning hemp programs and the rules and regulations around the evolving field of hemp derived CBD remain unclear. Furthermore, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) has since issued a statement saying that despite the new status of hemp, CBD remains illegal to add to food or health products without the agency’s approval. As a result, the FDA may regard the promotion of the Fund’s cannabis-based investments as the promotion of an unapproved drug in violation of the U.S. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938, as amended (the “FDCA”). The FDCA is a set of laws giving authority to the FDA to oversee the safety of food, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics. While the FDA has stated that it recognizes the significant public interest in cannabis and cannabis- derived compounds, particularly CBD, it also maintains that there are many unanswered questions about the science, safety, and quality of products containing CBD. The FDA cautions that CBD products continue to be subject to the same laws and requirements as FDA-regulated products that contain any other substance. Except for one prescription drug to treat rare, severe forms of epilepsy, to date the FDA has not approved any CBD products. FDA enforcement action against the Funds’ portfolio companies could result in a number of negative consequences, including fines, disgorgement of profits, recalls or seizures of products, or a partial or total suspension of the products or distribution of such portfolio companies. Such events, if they occurred, could have a material adverse effect on the Funds’ business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. In April 2019, the FDA issued a subsequent statement announcing a number of important new steps and actions to advance its consideration of a framework for the lawful marketing of appropriate cannabis and cannabis-derived products. On May 31, 2019, the FDA held its first public hearing (including a public comment period which concluded on July 16, 2019) for stakeholders (including researchers, health professionals, advocates, manufacturers, and opponents) to share their experiences and challenges with products containing cannabis and cannabis-derived compounds, the safety of such products, and to solicit input relevant to the agency’s regulatory strategy for existing products. Any rulemaking by the FDA may increase compliance costs of the Funds’ portfolio companies or further restrict the marketing and sale of affected products. The legal cannabis industry in the U.S. is at an early stage of its development. Cannabis has been, and is expected to continue to be, a controlled substance for the foreseeable future. Consumer perceptions regarding legality, morality, consumption, safety, efficacy and quality of cannabis are mixed and evolving. Consumer perception can be significantly influenced by scientific research or findings, regulatory investigations, litigation, media attention and other publicity regarding the consumption of cannabis products. There can be no assurance that future scientific research, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other research findings or publicity will be favorable to the cannabis market or any particular product, or consistent with earlier publicity. Future research reports, findings, regulatory proceedings, litigation, media attention or other publicity that are perceived as less favorable than, or that question, earlier research reports, findings or publicity could have a material adverse effect on the demand for cannabis and on the business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of the Funds’ portfolio investments and accordingly the Funds. Further, adverse publicity reports or other media attention regarding cannabis in general or associating the consumption of cannabis with illness or other negative effects or events, could have such a material adverse effect. Investors should be aware that cannabis may never be legalized federally in the United States. Because cannabis remains illegal under federal law, investors may be deemed to be violating federal law and may be subject to arrest, criminal prosecution, civil penalties, criminal or civil forfeiture of personal assets, loss of federal benefits, or other negative criminal, civil or administrative consequences. Portfolio Companies May Have Difficulty Operating in the Face of Stringent and Inconsistent Regulation. As a consequence of cannabis’ classification as a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act and U.S. anti-money laundering (“AML”) laws under the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, as amended (the “Bank Secrecy Act”), cannabis-related companies may not be able to open or maintain bank accounts or access products and services of traditional financial institutions, such as credit facilities and payment processing. In February 2014, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) of the U.S. Treasury Department issued guidance (the “FinCEN Guidance”) (which is non-binding and revocable) for financial institutions providing banking services to cannabis-related businesses. The FinCEN Guidance does not provide any safe harbors or legal defenses from examination or regulatory or criminal enforcement actions by the DOJ, FinCEN or other federal regulators. Under the FinCEN Guidance, financial institutions are required to file suspicious activity reports (“SARs”) when conducting transactions involving funds derived directly or indirectly from a cannabis-related activity, irrespective of whether such activity is conducted in compliance with applicable state law. In filing a SAR, a bank or other financial institution may be obligated to conduct burdensome due diligence and ongoing monitoring of a portfolio company’s business activities prior to providing services to the portfolio company, which may delay financial transactions and otherwise adversely affect the financial condition of the portfolio company. For these reasons, most banks and other financial institutions in the United States are generally not comfortable providing banking services to cannabis-related businesses, even if they rely on, and fully comply with, the FinCEN Guidance which can be amended or revoked at any time by the administration. In addition to the foregoing, banks may refuse to process debit card payments and credit card companies generally refuse to process credit card payments for cannabis-related businesses. As a result, the Funds and their portfolio companies may have limited or no access to banking or other financial services in the United States. Furthermore, as mentioned above, federal anti-money laundering statutes and Bank Secrecy Act regulations discourage financial institutions from working with any organization that sells a controlled substance, regardless of whether the state in which it resides permits cannabis sales. Consequently, businesses involved in the cannabis industry, including the Funds, often have trouble finding a bank or other financial institutions willing to accept their business. The inability to open bank accounts may make it difficult for the portfolio companies in which the Funds invest to conduct business and grow. Moreover, the success of the Funds depends in part upon its ability to select service providers. Unlike other private funds that do not invest in the cannabis industry, the Funds may experience challenges in retaining the services of certain third-parties as a result of its investment strategy, which limits the universe of potential service providers that the Funds would otherwise be able to engage. Laws and regulations affecting the cannabis industry are constantly changing, which could detrimentally impact the businesses in which the Funds invest. The companies in which the Funds invest are subject to various laws, regulations and guidelines relating to the manufacture, management, transportation, storage and disposal of cannabis, as well as being subject to laws and regulations relating to health and safety, the conduct of operations and the protection of the environment. Litigation, complaints and enforcement actions could consume considerable amounts of financial and other corporate resources of the Funds’ portfolio companies, which could have a negative impact on their sales, revenues, profitability, and growth prospects. Local, state and federal cannabis laws and regulations are broad in scope and subject to evolving interpretations, which could require the Funds to incur substantial costs associated with compliance or alter its business plan. In addition, violations of these laws and regulations, or allegations of such violations, could disrupt the Funds’ business and result in a material adverse effect on its operations. In addition, it is possible that regulations may be enacted in the future that will be directly applicable to portfolio companies and the Funds. Navy cannot predict the nature of any future laws, regulations, interpretations or applications, nor can it determine what effect additional governmental regulations or administrative policies and procedures, when and if promulgated, could have on portfolio companies and the Funds. Companies involved in the cannabis industry face intense competition, may have limited access to the services of banks, may have substantial burdens on company resources due to litigation, complaints or enforcement actions, and are heavily dependent on receiving necessary permits and authorizations to engage in medical or other cannabis research or to otherwise cultivate, possess or distribute cannabis. Individual state cannabis laws rarely conform to other individual state cannabis laws. A number of states have decriminalized cannabis to varying degrees, other states have created exemptions specifically for recreational use and/or medical purposes, and some states have both laws that decriminalize cannabis and laws that permit cannabis use for medical purposes. Many variations exist among states that have legalized, decriminalized, and/or created medical cannabis exemptions. For instance, some states require vertically integrated cannabis businesses and other states prohibit vertical integration. These conflicts and variations make it difficult for the Funds’ portfolio investments to gain scale and efficiency. Because the use of cannabis is illegal under federal law, many courts have denied cannabis businesses bankruptcy protections, thus making it very difficult for lenders to recoup their investments in the cannabis industry in the event of a bankruptcy. In addition, portfolio companies will not be able to register any U.S. federal trademarks for their cannabis products. Because producing, manufacturing, processing, possessing, distributing, selling, and using cannabis is illegal under the Controlled Substances Act, the United States Patent and Trademark Office will not permit the registration of any trademark that identifies cannabis products. As a result, portfolio companies likely will be unable to protect their cannabis product trademarks beyond the geographic areas in which they conduct business, thus inhibiting the creation of true national brands. The use of its trademarks outside the states in which they operate by one or more other persons could have a material adverse effect on the value of such trademarks. Cannabis is an agricultural product. There are risks inherent in the cultivation business, such as insects, plant diseases and similar agricultural risks. Although the products are usually grown indoors or in green houses under climate-controlled conditions, with conditions monitored, there can be no assurance that natural elements will not have a material adverse effect on production and, consequentially, on the business, financial condition and operating results of the Funds’ portfolio investments. Tax Risks Related to Controlled Substances. Section 280E of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Section 280E”) prohibits businesses from deducting certain expenses associated with trafficking controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the Controlled Substances Act). The U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has invoked Section 280E in tax audits against various cannabis businesses in the U.S. operating in compliance with applicable state laws. Although the IRS issued a clarification allowing the deduction of certain expenses, the scope of such items is interpreted very narrowly, and the bulk of operating costs and general administrative costs are not permitted to be deducted thus lowering the after-tax income of operations. While there are currently several pending cases before various administrative and federal courts challenging these restrictions, there is no guarantee that these courts will issue an interpretation of Section 280E favorable please register to get more info
Navy and its management persons have no legal or disciplinary events to report under this Item 9. please register to get more info
Neither Navy nor any of its management persons are registered, or have an application pending to register, as a broker-dealer or a registered representative of a broker-dealer. Navy Capital Green Management Partners, LLC (“NCGMP”), an affiliate of Navy, serves as general partner of Navy Capital Green Fund, LP (the “Green Fund”). NCGMP receives an annual performance profit allocation in an amount equal to twenty percent (20%) of the net capital appreciation allocated to each Green Fund investor’s capital account during the calendar year, subject to a loss carry-forward or “high water mark”. Navy Capital Green Management Co-Invest Partners, LLC (“NCGCP”), an affiliate of Navy, serves as the managing member of Navy Capital Green Co-Invest Fund, LLC (the “Co-Invest Fund”). NCGCP receives a “carried interest distribution” in an amount equal to twenty percent (20%) of the net cash proceeds from the disposition of a portfolio investment and current income from such portfolio investments, after the payment by the applicable members of the management fee, return of one hundred percent (100%) of the members’ capital contributions to fund the portfolio investment and to fund Co- Invest Fund expenses. None of NCGMP, NCGCP nor Navy are registered, or have filed for exemptions from registration, as a commodity pool operator or a commodity trading advisor, as applicable, under the United States Commodity Exchange Act, as amended. Navy does not recommend or select other investment advisers for its Clients. please register to get more info
AND PERSONAL TRADING
High ethical standards are essential to Navy’s success and to maintain the confidence of Clients. Navy believes that its long-term business interests are best served by adherence to the principle that Clients’ interests come first. In recognition of Navy’s fiduciary obligations to its Clients and Navy’s desire to maintain its high ethical standards, Navy has adopted a Code of Ethics (“Code of Ethics”) pursuant to Rule 204A-1 under the Advisers Act which sets forth, among other things, policies and procedures governing employees’ personal securities transactions, the giving and receipt of gifts and entertainment (including to government, union and pension representatives), political contributions, outside activities, and the treatment of confidential information (including material non-public information). The Code of Ethics establishes a standard of conduct and is designed to foster compliance with applicable law and regulatory requirements, and to promote a culture of high ethical standards, which applies to all partners, officers, directors and employees of Navy, as well as all natural persons (whether or not employed by Navy) who are subject to Navy’s supervision and control who (i) have access to nonpublic information regarding Clients’ purchase or sale of securities, (ii) are involved in making securities recommendations to a Client, or (iii) have access to securities recommendations to a Client that are nonpublic.
Personal Trading
Navy personnel are required to seek pre-approval for all personal investments other than investments in certain non-reportable securities in order to prevent the existence of, or appearance of, any potential or actual conflicts of interest in this respect. The Code of Ethics requires employees to report personal transactions on a periodic basis, submit initial and annual personal account holdings reports, and certify their compliance with the Code of Ethics on an annual basis. Navy monitors adherence to this policy by periodically reviewing employee account statements.
Navy’s founders have established and own 100% of an entity through which they maintain a proprietary account that engages in a similar business as the Funds, and it may from time to time utilize some of the resources available to Navy and the Funds (including Navy employees) to conduct its business and may benefit from certain business relationships established and maintained by the Funds (including but not limited to trading relationships); however, this proprietary account does not engage in the same investment strategy and does not invest in the same securities that the Funds invest in. The time that any Navy employee or principal dedicates to such entity is immaterial relative to time dedicated to Navy.
Gifts and Entertainment
The Code of Ethics prohibits Navy employees from giving a gift to, receiving a gift from, or giving or accepting entertainment to or from certain third parties if such gift or entertainment is likely to compromise the independence of its recipient or his/her judgment and is likely to cast doubts over his/her integrity or to seem disproportionate to the business relationship. Certain limits, reporting requirements and prohibitions have been established with respect to giving and the receipt of gifts above certain thresholds.
Political Contributions
Navy places restrictions on political contributions by the firm and its employees. Political contributions are permitted only in compliance with Rule 206(4)-5 under the Advisers Act (relating to pay-to-play activities) and corresponding local laws and regulations. Navy employees are required to pre-clear all political contributions.
Outside Activities
Navy employees are encouraged to engage in worthy activities for their community or personal development. Such activities, however, should not impair the working efficiency or responsibilities of the individual. Navy employees may from time to time be asked to serve as a director, adviser, consultant, or employee or engage in other forms of participation in other companies or organizations. Because such commitments may involve substantial responsibilities, or they may present actual or apparent conflicts of interest, Navy employees are required to obtain written approval prior to accepting such positions.
Insider Trading/Material Non-Public Information
Navy maintains an Insider Trading Policy that includes policies and procedures that are designed to detect and prevent the misuse of material, non-public information by Navy and its officers, directors and employees. In accordance with these policies, to prevent trading of public securities based on material, non- public information, Navy maintains and updates as needed a “restricted” securities list of companies about which Navy personnel have material, non-public information.
Interests in Client Transactions
Navy and/or affiliates of Navy may have an interest in one or more of the Funds. In addition, certain members, directors, officers and employees of Navy and its affiliates are permitted to own, buy and/or sell interests in the Funds. Subject to internal compliance policies and approval procedures designed to address any conflicts of interest that may arise, Navy and its related persons may engage, from time to time, in personal trading of securities and other financial instruments, including securities and financial instruments in which a Client may invest. To the extent a related person invests in a security that is held by or recommended to a Client, a conflict of interest arises as the reason for making such recommendation to a Client could be to benefit the related person (i.e. by increasing the value of the security) rather than it being in the best interest of the Client. Navy’s Code of Ethics has various procedures, including pre-approval, to address these and other potential conflicts of interest. Navy will provide a copy of the Code of Ethics to any current or prospective Fund investor or separately managed account Client upon request. please register to get more info
Navy has sole discretion to determine, subject to each Client’s investment objectives, policies and strategies, the securities to be purchased and sold and in what amounts, the brokers, dealers or other counterparties to use in effecting transactions and the commission rates, if any, to be paid for such transactions. In selecting brokers, dealers and counterparties, Navy will seek to obtain “best execution” by attempting to ensure that the total cost or proceeds of any transaction for a Client is the most favorable under the circumstances. Navy has established a Best Execution Committee which meets periodically to review, among other things, a list of approved counterparties.
Navy invests primarily in equity securities of issuers engaged in the legal cannabis industry. Because the business of cultivating, processing, and selling cannabis is currently prohibited by U.S. Federal law, there are a limited number of participants in trading and banking of cannabis industry company issuers and therefore liquidity is generally less than other financial markets. Therefore, the number of counterparties with whom Navy can transact is generally limited. Navy’s best execution policy focuses on both quantitative and qualitative factors when taking into consideration the full range of brokerage services provided by counterparties. The full range of brokerage services applicable in a particular transaction may be considered when making this judgment, which may include, but is not limited to the:
• ability of the broker/dealer to minimize costs associated with implementing investment decisions;
• speed and/or likelihood of execution and settlement;
• communication links between the broker/dealer and Navy;
• adequacy of the information provided to Navy by the broker/dealer;
• accommodation of special needs by the broker/dealer;
• broker/dealer commission rates;
• the availability, as well as the quality and suitability, of electronic trading platforms and algorithms;
• administrative ability (including settlement processing);
• responsiveness of the broker/dealer;
• financial strength, reputation and stability of the broker/dealer;
• ability of the broker/dealer to handle large and/or complex transactions; and
• knowledge of other buyers and sellers as well as the particular security or market in which the transaction is to occur. In addition, brokers (including prime brokers) may provide other services that are beneficial to Navy, but not necessarily beneficial to the Funds, including, without limitation, consulting with respect to technology, operations or equipment, capital introduction, marketing assistance, access to deal flow and other services or items. Such services and items may influence Navy's selection of brokers.
Certain brokers and dealers selected by Navy provide or agree to provide Navy with “soft dollar” credits which Navy uses to purchase certain brokerage and research and other services. These services or products would otherwise only be available to Navy for a cash payment. The availability of these non-monetary benefits may influence and create an incentive for Navy to select one broker rather than another to perform services for the Clients, which may create a potential conflict of interest in that Navy may pay higher commissions to such firms if Navy determines such prices or commissions are reasonable in relation to the overall services provided in return for items that would otherwise be an expense of Navy and could be viewed as additional compensation to Navy. The use of commissions or “soft dollars,” if any, generated by a Client to pay for brokerage-and research-related products or services, if any, will fall within the safe harbor created by Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act (“Section 28(e)”). “Soft dollar” research- related goods and services (collectively, “soft dollar items”) used by Navy in making investment decisions may include, but are not limited to, research reports on particular industries and companies, recommendations as to specific securities, certain other research services, and other goods and services providing lawful and appropriate assistance to Navy in the performance of its investment decision-making responsibilities. Soft dollar items may be used by Navy for itself and/or in servicing some or all of its clients. In addition, some soft dollar items may not necessarily be used by a Fund even though its commission dollars (or other transaction charges) provided for the soft dollar items. Where a product or service obtained with soft dollars provides both brokerage and research and brokerage and non-research assistance to Navy (e.g., a “mixed use” item), Navy will make a reasonable allocation of the cost that may be paid for with soft dollars.
Navy will typically aggregate sale and purchase orders of securities on behalf of Clients if Navy believes that such aggregation is reasonably likely to result in an overall benefit to the applicable Clients based on an evaluation of factors in Navy’s sole discretion. When the same investments are purchased or sold for one or more Clients, the general policy is to purchase or sell the investments as a block transaction, and to allocate such investments or proceeds to the participating accounts at the price paid per unit allocated. The principles employed are: (i) allocation of each investment to each individual account shall be broadly determined with regard to the investment guidelines and investment policies applicable to each individual account; (ii) dealing for different Clients in the same investment at the same time shall be aggregated and traded as a block to the extent possible; and (iii) each aggregate allocation shall be allocated at the unit price paid to all participating accounts.
A Client advised by Navy may or may not follow an investment program that is the same as or similar to the investment program of one or more other Clients. Accordingly, it is Navy’s policy to recommend the allocation of investment opportunities fairly and equitably as measured over time according to each participating portfolio’s size and risk profile to mitigate that risk that any Client is favored with respect to the selection of investments or timing of purchase or sale of investments over another Client. In allocating an aggregated transaction, the following is a non-exhaustive list of criteria that are taken into account: (i) the terms of the participating accounts’ investment guidelines; (ii) the value of each of the participating accounts (omitting any resulting allocations that would be too small to be reasonably marketable or disproportionate to the needs of any portfolio); and (iii) Navy’s assessment of the participating accounts’ tolerance for investment risk.
In addition, Navy may, from time to time, recommend that a Client enter into a cross trade (a transaction for the purchase or sale of a security or other financial instrument) with another Client for purposes of portfolio re-balancing, or otherwise. A cross trade may be deemed a principal transaction if Navy and certain persons associated with Navy own a substantial portion (in excess of 25%) of one or both of the Clients participating in the cross trade. Navy will not recommend that a Client enter into a cross trade that is deemed a principal transaction without obtaining proper approval and otherwise in accordance with applicable law. Navy does not contemplate engaging in agency-cross transactions. Agency cross transactions typically arise where an adviser is dually registered as a broker-dealer or has an affiliated broker-dealer.
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Each Client account is reviewed on a continuing and ongoing basis by Navy’s investment team to ensure conformity with Client objectives and guidelines. In addition, all accounts are reviewed in light of emerging market trends and market volatility. The Navy Sponsored Funds have appointed an independent administrator that reviews security valuations on a monthly basis. The administrator for each Navy Sponsored Fund reconciles positions and cash details with Navy and the custodians on a monthly basis. Navy has also engaged an independent public accounting firm to conduct annual audits of the Navy Sponsored Funds. As part of the annual audit process, the accounting firm independently verifies security prices and positions in the Navy Sponsored Funds, and confirms the Navy Sponsored Funds’ ownership of investment assets. Generally, investors in the Navy Sponsored Funds will receive written monthly unaudited performance reports, quarterly performance reports and annual audited financial statements, as well as certain tax information for preparation of investors’ tax returns. Certain investors in the Navy Sponsored Funds may receive additional information and reporting that other investors may not receive. The investment team is generally available to Navy Sponsored Fund investors, and Third Party Sponsored Fund Clients, on a regular basis to discuss their accounts. please register to get more info
Navy does not receive any monetary compensation or any other economic benefit from a non-client for Navy’s provision of investment advisory services to a Client. Navy does not currently utilize the services of third party marketers; however, if Navy enters into an arrangement in the future with third party marketers, any such arrangement would be conducted in a manner that is consistent with Rule 206(4)-3 under the Advisers Act and relevant SEC guidance. please register to get more info
While Navy does not maintain physical custody of Clients’ assets, Navy is deemed, under the Advisers Act, to have custody of the assets of Navy Sponsored Funds because of the authority of Navy affiliates (in their capacity as general partners/managing members of such Navy Sponsored Funds) over the accounts and assets of such Funds. Such Navy Sponsored Fund assets are held at a qualified custodian (unless otherwise exempt from such requirement). Navy relies on the annual audit exception for investment funds provided under Rule 206(4)-2 under the Advisers Act with respect to the Navy Sponsored Funds. Each Navy Sponsored Fund is audited annually by an independent public accountant that is both registered and inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Audited financial statements of the Navy Sponsored Funds are distributed to investors in the Navy Sponsored Funds within 120 days of each Navy Sponsored Fund’s fiscal year end. Investors in the Navy Sponsored Funds are urged to carefully review such statements and compare them to account information that Navy provides. Navy is not deemed to have custody (as determined under the Advisers Act) of the assets of Third Party Sponsored Funds. please register to get more info
Pursuant to the terms of the relevant Investment Management Agreement, Navy has full discretion (unless agreed to otherwise) over all aspects of the Funds it manages and the brokers, dealers and other counterparties with whom it does business. Any restrictions with respect to a particular Client are set forth in such Investment Management Agreement and the relevant Governing Documents. Navy may, in the future, provide discretionary advisory services to other investment funds and/or separately managed accounts. Should it do so, it is anticipated that Navy will enter into an investment management agreement, or similar agreement, pursuant to which it will be granted discretionary authority. please register to get more info
Navy has adopted written proxy voting policies and procedures intended to satisfy the requirements of Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act. Navy will vote proxies in the best interests of the applicable Client and in accordance with its proxy voting policy. In some instances, it may be appropriate to abstain from voting (e.g., if the cost of a vote outweighs the benefits). In all cases, Navy shall maintain documentation of how each proxy was voted. In certain cases wherein a Client has implemented a securities lending program, Navy will be unable to vote proxies for securities on loan unless it issues instructions to call back the securities prior to the record date. Navy may choose to refrain from calling back such securities when the voting of the proxy is not deemed material or the benefits of voting do not outweigh the cost of terminating the particular lending arrangement. If Navy identifies the existence of a material conflict between the interests of Navy and its Clients, Navy will, at its expense, engage the services of an outside proxy voting service or consultant who will provide an independent recommendation on the direction in which Navy should vote on the proposal. However, prior to engaging a specific proxy voting service or consultant to provide an independent recommendation, Navy will obtain a representation that such firm faces no conflict of interest in making a voting recommendation. The proxy voting service’s or consultant’s determination will be binding on Navy. Clients may contact Navy to obtain additional details and information on how proxies were voted and to request a copy of the Proxy voting procedures. please register to get more info
Navy is not aware of any financial condition reasonably likely to impair its ability to meet contractual commitments to its Clients and has not been the subject of a bankruptcy petition at any time during the past ten years. please register to get more info
Open Brochure from SEC website
Assets | |
---|---|
Pooled Investment Vehicles | $130,701,077 |
Discretionary | $130,094,679 |
Non-Discretionary | $606,398 |
Registered Web Sites
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