Argentiere Capital AG is a Swiss-based investment adviser founded in July 2012. The Firm was
founded by Deepak Gulati, the former global head of equities proprietary trading at JP Morgan.
Argentiere Capital LP, is a US-based investment advisor that was formed in April 2014. Its general
partner, Argentiere Capital GP LLC, is 100% owned and controlled by Argentiere Capital AG.
Argentiere Capital AG and Argentiere Capital LP provide investment advisory series on a joint
basis, are under common control and are subject to a single code of ethics and set of policies and
procedures. These two firms are herein collectively termed “Argentiere”, “us”, “we” or the
“Firm”. No other entity in the Argentiere group undertakes any investment advisory activity.
Argentiere Capital AG is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as an
investment adviser (CRD number: 166356) and is also licensed by the Swiss Financial Market
Supervisory Authority ("FINMA") as asset manager of collective investment schemes pursuant to
the Swiss Collective Investment Schemes Act, as amended on 1 July 2015 (the "CISA"). The Firm
is further registered with the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a
Commodity Pool Operator (“CPO”).
Argentiere Capital LP is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as an
investment adviser (CRD number: 299084) and is also further registered with the Commodities
Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a Commodity Pool Operator (“CPO”).
The registrations on Form ADV of both Argentiere Capital AG and Argentiere Capital LP also
includes the following affiliates:
1. Argentiere Capital Limited, an exempted limited company organized under the laws of
the Cayman Islands (the "Manager");
2. Argentiere GP Ltd and Argentiere Relative Value GP Ltd (the “Fund General
Partners”), exempted limited companies organized under the laws of the Cayman
Islands.
The Fund General Partners are affiliates of the Firm and serve as the general partners of Funds
that are partnerships. The Manager provides management services to the Funds and is authorised
to delegate investment advisory and related services. On this basis the investment advisory services
are delegated in full by the Manager to Argentiere Capital AG and Argentiere Capital LP. The
Manager and the Fund General partners do not undertake any investment advisory activity.
This Brochure includes information about us and our relationships with our clients. While much of
this Brochure applies to all such clients, certain information applies to specific clients only.
The Firm’s clients comprise private collective investment schemes (collectively the “Funds”) and
possibly in the future managed accounts (the “Accounts”). Currently the Firm has no Accounts.
The Firm is an equities-based, relative value investment adviser that employs diversified strategies
to reduce overall portfolio volatility and minimize single strategy risks. Please see Item 8 for more
information.
The Firm currently provides discretionary investment advisory services to the following Funds, the
securities of which are offered to investors on a private placement basis:
Fund Master / Feeder Type of Fund, Domicile Fund Status Argentiere Master Fund Ltd Master Private Fund, Cayman
Islands
Fund closing, all
investments are being
liquidated.
Argentiere Fund Ltd Feeder Private Fund, Cayman
Islands
Fund closing, compulsory
redemption notified to
investors.
Argentiere Fund LP Feeder Private Fund, Delaware Fund closing, compulsory
redemption notified to
investors.
Argentiere Enhanced Ltd Enhanced
Feeder
Private Fund, Cayman
Islands
Fund closing, compulsory
redemption notified to
investors.
Argentiere Enhanced Fund
LP
Enhanced
Feeder
Private Fund, Delaware Fund closing, compulsory
redemption notified to
investors.
Argentiere Relative Value
Opportunities Master Fund
Ltd
Master Private Fund, Cayman
Islands
Open
Argentiere Relative Value
Opportunities Fund Ltd
Feeder Private Fund, Cayman
Islands
Open
Argentiere Relative Value
Opportunities Fund LP
Feeder Private Fund, Delaware Open
As used herein, the term “Feeder Funds” refers to Argentiere Fund Ltd, Argentiere Fund LP,
Argentiere Enhanced Ltd, Argentiere Enhance Fund LP, Argentiere Relative Value Opportunities
Fund Ltd and Argentiere Relative Value Opportunities Fund LP. The term “Master Funds” refers
to Argentiere Master Fund Ltd and Argentiere Relative Value Opportunities Master Fund Ltd.
Individually the Master Funds and Feeder Funds are referred to as a “Fund” and collectively both
the Feeder Funds and the Master Funds are termed the “Funds”.
Please note that, as disclosed in Item 3, in March 2019 a decision was taken to close Argentiere
Master Fund Ltd, its associated feeder funds and the General Partner. Argentière is therefore
currently in the process of liquidating the investment portfolio of such fund to facilitate the efficient
return of assets to investors, this will be followed by the closure of the fund and its feeder funds.
The redemption of shares (or withdrawal of interests from the Partnerships) has been suspended
and assets will be returned by way of phased compulsory redemptions (or compulsory withdrawal
of investor’s interests) to all investors. During this period, Argentiere remains the investment
adviser to the Argentiere Master Fund Ltd and its associated feeder funds.
The status of the Argentiere Relative Value Opportunities Master Fund Ltd and its associated
feeder funds remains unchanged.
Each Fund may contain a number of different share classes, which differ as to matters such as
reporting currency, minimum investment, redemption terms, treatment of income and fees.
The Feeder Funds follow the same investment program by investing their investable assets in the
Master Funds, however, the Enhanced Feeders will provide investors with additional exposure to
the Master Fund’s investment program at a rate of approximately 1.5 times the exposure of the
Argentiere Fund Feeders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon the occurrence of a NAV Trigger,
as defined in the applicable Confidential Private Placement Memorandum (“PPM”), the capital of
the Master Fund attributable to the Enhanced Feeders will revert to utilizing the same amount of
leverage as that utilized in respect of capital of the Master Fund attributable to the Normal Feeders.
At the discretion of the Firm, the Master Funds may invest in other Feeder or Master Funds advised
by the firm.
Argentiere does not participate in any wrap fee programs.
As of 31 December 2018, the Firm had assets under management (“AUM”) of approximately $1.1
billion. The Firm provides all investment advisory services to its clients on a discretionary basis.
The information contained in this Brochure discloses certain details contained within the PPMs
for each of the Funds. The Brochure is not required nor designed to provide all the information
which a prospective investor will require prior to making an investment in a client and in this regard
prospective investors are urged to consult their professional advisers and the Fund PPMs prior to
deciding to invest in the Funds.
This Brochure does not constitute an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy any securities.
The securities of the Funds are offered and sold on a private placement basis under exemptions
promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933 and other applicable state, federal or non-U.S. laws.
Significant suitability requirements apply to prospective investors in the Funds, including
requirements that they be “accredited investors” as defined in Regulation D, “qualified purchasers”
as defined in the Investment Company Act, or non-”U.S. Persons” as defined in Regulation S.
Persons reviewing this Brochure should not construe this as an offer to sell or a solicitation of an
offer to buy the securities of any of the Funds described herein. Any such offer or solicitation will
be made only by means of a confidential private placement memorandum.
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The descriptions set forth in this Brochure of specific advisory services that we offer to clients, and
investment strategies pursued and investments made by us on behalf of its clients, should not be
understood to limit in any way our investment activities. We may offer any advisory services, engage
in any investment strategy and make any investment, including any not described in this Brochure,
that we consider appropriate, subject to each client’s investment objectives and guidelines. The
investment strategies we pursue are speculative and entail substantial risks. Clients should be
prepared to bear a substantial loss of capital. There can be no assurance that the investment
objectives of any client will be achieved.
The Firm utilizes an equities-based, relative value approach and employs diversified strategies to
reduce overall portfolio volatility and minimize single strategy risks
Methods of Analysis and Investment Strategies The Firm groups the Master Fund’s portfolio positions into sub-portfolios, each of which generally
pursues a different (though sometimes related) type of investment strategy. The Firm seeks to find
the best opportunity set within the entire spectrum of equity products.
Argentiere Master Fund Ltd (fund closing) For analysis and reporting purposes, the Firm currently aggregates these sub-portfolios into three
separate groups: (1) Volatility; (2) Foreign Exchange (3) Fixed Income and Credit; and (3)
Quantitative Long/Short Equities.
Argentiere Relative Value Opportunities Master Fund Ltd For analysis and reporting purposes, the Firm currently aggregates these sub-portfolios into three
separate groups: (1) Equities; (2) Foreign Exchange; and (3) Fixed Income and Credit.
For both Master Funds each of these business groups is summarized below.
Although it is anticipated that these groups will include the primary strategies of the Master Funds,
the Master Funds are not limited in the types of investment or trading activities in which it may
engage. A fundamental aspect of any investment in the Fund is the fact that the Master Fund may
pursue an unlimited range of investment strategies, including investment and trading activities not
described herein, to any extent the Firm deems appropriate, without any restrictions on asset type,
industry, geographic market, concentration, degree of leverage, liquidity or other portfolio
characteristics. The Firm is not require to, and does not intend to, notify investors in advance of
changes in investment strategies or portfolio composition. There can be no assurance that any
investment strategy of the Master Fund will prove successful.
Volatility: This trading strategy involves exploiting implied volatility relationships between
individual equities and/or equity indices, foreign exchange rates and interest rates, principally to
take advantage of structural inefficiencies, distortions, dislocations and imbalances brought about
by macro-economic, political, corporate credit, underlying market and/or technical conditions.
Positioning is generally long vega, long gamma and long convexity. This in turn allows the Firm to
act from a position of strength during times of market stress. Expertise lies in the ability to
construct a sophisticated portfolio that efficiently captures alpha while minimizing exposure to
exogenous shocks. Additionally, the most liquid credit indices are used to optimize portfolio
construction as part of a relative value position to equity volatility, comparing equity volatility and
credit carry. Typical trades would include, but not be limited to, plain vanilla futures and options,
variance swaps, volatility swaps, credit indices, CDS, dividend swaps, dispersion baskets,
correlation swaps, VIX instruments, equity hybrid and barrier structures, interest rates swaps and
swaptions.
Quantitative Long/Short Equities: This strategy utilises statistical analysis and quantitative techniques
to exploit market anomalies/inefficiencies in liquid equity markets. The strategy systematically
allocates a dynamic portfolio while having small directional exposure to the market and exhibiting
low volatility and annual turnover from 25 to 50 times. Strategies typically utilise different models
and quantitative tools to forecast returns using various market data such as price dynamics on
different scales, liquidity and order flows, as well as additional endogenous models in order to
uncover embedded signals in the data. The optimisers take into account the forecast, the risk and
the market-impact models to make a trade-off between opportunity cost and risk in order to
generate the portfolios, while respecting various imposed constraints (
e.g. dollar neutrality, etc.).
Each individual strategy is optimized against several variables such as risk factors and transaction
costs. Returns naturally exhibit low correlation to the market (market neutral) and the net portfolio
position is dollar neutral.
Equities: This trading strategy primarily involves exploiting implied volatility relationships between
individual equities and/or equity indices, principally to take advantage of structural inefficiencies,
distortions, dislocations and imbalances brought about by macro-economic, political, regulatory,
corporate, underlying market and/or technical conditions. Expertise lies in the ability to construct
a sophisticated portfolio that efficiently captures alpha while minimizing exposure to exogenous
shocks. Typical instruments would include, but not be limited to, plain vanilla futures and options,
variance swaps, volatility swaps, dividend swaps, dispersion baskets, correlation swaps, VIX
products, equity hybrids, structured products, barrier structures and other light exotics.
Foreign Exchange: This strategy focuses on G10 currencies and is both relative value and directional
in nature. Relative value positions are structured to take advantage of differentials in forwards and
imbalances in supply and demand of implied volatility. Directional positions in currencies are
constructed through optionality with limited downside (quantifiable loss) while having a highly-
levered profile to upside performance. The positioning is built on a combination of systematic
screening, positioning/flow and macro considerations. The strategy employs cash FX positions,
OTC options, forwards, barriers, NDFs, NDOs, correlation swaps and hybrid/exotic structures.
Fixed Income & Credit: This trading strategy consists of both (i) trading in G10 interest rates through
interest rate derivatives; and (ii) trading in European, Asian and US investment-grade and sovereign
credit. The strategy entails exploiting yield and volatility anomalies/distortions caused by the
macroeconomic environment, policy disruptions, liquidity shifts and supply/demand shocks.
Additionally, the strategy seeks to take directional long/short credit positions, implement relative
value positions between different asset classes and instrument types, and employ capital structure
arbitrage across the spectrum of the balance sheet. The instruments traded are typically liquid
interest rate derivatives and credit products including: listed options, futures, swaps, swaptions,
caps/floors, mid-curve swaptions, CMS swaps, corporate and sovereign bonds, bond futures, bond
options, credit default swaps, options on credit default swaps, credit indices and options on credit
indices.
Risk of Loss Factors
As detailed in the PPMs any investment in securities carries certain market risks. Any investment
in the Funds is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk due to the nature of the Master
Fund's investments and the investment strategies and trading strategies to be employed. An
investment in any of the Funds should not in itself be considered a balanced investment program
and investors should be able to withstand the loss of their entire investment.
Investors should consider the following factors before investing in any of the funds referred to in
this Brochure. The following list of risk factors does not purport to be a complete enumeration or
explanation of the risks involved in an investment in each of the funds nor is it a full list of risks that
as contained in the PPMs. Prospective investors are urged to consult their professional advisers
and the fund PPMs before deciding to invest in the Funds.
Divergent Interests As the Enhanced Feeders are exposed to the gains and losses of the Master Fund at a rate that is
1.5 times higher than the Flagship Feeders, in certain circumstances the interests the Enhanced
Feeders may diverge from the interests of the Flagship Feeders. In particular, in the event that the
Master Fund were to sustain substantial losses, the Enhanced Feeders would be allocated a larger
portion of those losses and the interests of the Enhanced Feeders and Flagship Feeders would
diverge.
Substantial Changes in Regulation Regulation of securities markets has undergone substantial change in recent years and is expected
to continue to change. This could add to the costs and regulatory burdens of operating the
investment vehicles in the future.
Investment and Trading Risks in General All investments involve risk, including the risk that the entire amount invested may be lost. The
Funds invest in and actively trade futures and other financial instruments using investment
techniques with risk characteristics, including risk arising from the volatility of the commodities
markets, risk of borrowing, potential illiquidity of instruments, and risk of loss from counterparty
defaults.
Lack of Operating History The Funds have a limited operating history upon which prospective investors can evaluate the anticipated performance of the Fund. The past performance of the Firm or its affiliates may not be indicative of the future performance of the Funds"Master-Feeder" Structure The Funds invest through a "master-feeder" structure. The master-feeder fund structure – in
particular the existence of multiple feeder funds investing in the same master fund – presents
certain unique risks to investors. Please see the PPM for further details on this risk.
General Economic and Market Conditions The success of the Fund's activities will be affected by general economic and market conditions,
such as interest rates, availability of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates, economic uncertainty,
changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation of the Fund's investments), trade barriers,
currency exchange controls, and national and international political circumstances (including wars,
terrorist acts or security operations). These factors may affect the level and volatility of investments'
prices and the liquidity of the Fund's investments.
Legal, Tax and Regulatory Environment for Private Investment Funds The legal, tax and regulatory environment worldwide for private investment funds (such as the
Funds) and their managers is evolving, and changes in the regulation of private investment funds,
their managers and their trading and investing activities may have a material adverse effect on the
ability of the Funds to pursue their investment program and the value of investments held by the
Funds.
Systemic Risk Credit risk may arise through a default by one of several large institutions that are dependent on
one another to meet their liquidity or operational needs, so that a default by one institution causes
a series of defaults by the other institutions.
Limited Liquidity An investment in the Funds provides limited liquidity since the Shares are not freely transferable
and, generally, a Shareholder has the right to redeem any or all of its Shares only according to the
terms of the Articles (as described in "Redemptions of Shares" in the PPMs).
Possible Adverse Effects of Substantial Redemptions In the event that there are substantial redemptions of Shares within a limited period of time, the
Firm may find it difficult to adjust its asset allocation and trading strategies to the suddenly reduced
amount of assets under management. Under such circumstances, in order to provide funds to pay
redemptions, the Firm may be required to liquidate positions of the Funds at an inopportune time
or on unfavourable terms, resulting in lower net assets for the remaining Shareholders and a lower
redemption price for the redeeming Shareholders
Incentive Fee The Incentive Fee paid by the Funds may create an incentive for the Firm to select investments
that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case if such fee was not paid. In addition,
since the Incentive Fee will be calculated on a basis that includes unrealised appreciation of the
Fund's net assets, such fee may be greater than if it were based solely on realised gains.
Selection of Brokers The Firm may be subject to conflicts of interest relating to its selection of brokers on behalf of the
Funds. Transactions for the Funds will be allocated to brokers on the basis of, among other things,
best execution and in consideration of a broker's ability to effect the transactions, its facilities,
reliability and financial responsibility, as well as the provision or payment by the broker of the costs
of research and research-related services. In addition, brokers may provide other services that are
beneficial to the Firm or its affiliates, but not necessarily beneficial to the Funds, including, without
limitation, capital introduction, marketing assistance, consulting with respect to technology,
operations or equipment, and other services or items. Such services and items may influence the
Firm's selection of brokers.
Identity of Beneficial Ownership and Withholding on Certain Payments In order to avoid a US withholding tax of 30% on certain payments (including payments of gross
proceeds) made with respect to certain actual and deemed US investments, if any, the Funds and
the Master Funds will be required to enter into an agreement with the US Internal Revenue Service
(the "Service") identifying certain direct and indirect US account holders (including equityholders
and debtholders). A non-US investor in the Funds will generally be required to provide to the Fund
information which identifies its direct and indirect US ownership. Any such information provided
to the Fund will be shared with the Service. A non-US investor that is a "foreign financial institution"
within the meaning of Section 1471(d)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code will generally be required
to enter into an agreement with the Service identifying certain direct and indirect US account
holders (including equityholders and debtholders). A non-US investor who fails to provide such
information to the Fund or enter into such an agreement with the Service, as applicable, would be
subject to the 30% withholding tax with respect to its share of any such payments attributable to
actual or deemed US investments of the Fund, and the Board of Directors may take any action in
relation to an investor's Shares or redemption proceeds to ensure that such withholding is
economically borne by the relevant investor whose failure to provide the necessary information
gave rise to the withholding. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the
possible implications of these requirements on their investments in the Funds.
Counterparty Risk Some of the markets in which the Funds may effect transactions are not "exchanged-based,"
including "over-the-counter" or "interdealer" markets. The participants in such markets are
typically not subject to the credit evaluation and regulatory oversight to which members of
"exchange-based" markets are subject. The lack of evaluation and oversight of over-the-counter
markets exposes the Funds to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance
with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not
bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Funds to suffer a loss.
Lending of Portfolio Securities The Funds may lend securities on a collateralised and an uncollateralised basis, from its portfolio
to creditworthy securities firms and financial institutions. While a securities loan is outstanding, the
Funds will continue to receive the equivalent of the interest or dividends paid by the issuer on the
securities, as well as interest on the investment of the collateral or a fee from the borrower. The
risks in lending securities, as with other extensions of secured credit, if any, consist of possible
delay in receiving additional collateral, if any, or in recovery of the securities or possible loss of
rights in the collateral, if any, should the borrower fail financially.
Liquidity Risks Generally Liquidity is important to the Fund's businesses. Under certain market conditions, such as during
volatile markets or when trading in a security or market is otherwise impaired, the liquidity of the
Fund's portfolio positions may be reduced. In addition, the Fund may from time to time hold large
positions with respect to a specific type of financial instrument, which may reduce the Fund's
liquidity.
Illiquid Portfolio Instruments Investments that lack liquidity and/or a readily assessable market value will generally be carried on
the books of the Funds at fair value (which may be approximated by cost) as reasonably determined
by the Firm. There is no guarantee that fair value will represent the value that will be realised by
the Funds on the eventual disposition of the investment or that would, in fact, be realised upon an
immediate disposition of the investment.
Leverage; Interest Rates; Margin The Funds may borrow money to make investments when the Firm believes that the potential
return of an investment is particularly favorable. The use of leverage has attendant risks and can
substantially increase the adverse impact to which the investment portfolio may be subject. In
addition to the extent the Funds use leverage, they are subject to the risk of changes in the level of
interest rates that may adversely affect expenses and operating results.
Volatility Risk The Fund's investment program may involve the purchase and sale of relatively volatile instruments
such as derivatives, which are frequently valued based on implied volatilities of such derivatives
compared to the historical volatility of underlying securities. Fluctuations or prolonged changes in
the volatility of such securities, therefore, can adversely affect the value of investments held by the
Funds.
Long Term Investments The Funds may require longer-term holding periods for certain of its positions in order to be
successful and positions may experience considerable price volatility over such holding periods. An
investment in the Funds, therefore, may not be appropriate for investors requiring short-term
liquidity or stable returns.
Short Selling Our investment program involves entering into transactions known as “short sales” in which the
Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of the security.
Short sales that are not made “against the box” theoretically involve unlimited loss potential since
the market price of securities sold short may continuously increase. Under adverse market
conditions, it may be difficult or impossible to purchase securities to meet short sale delivery
obligations. Furthermore, a Fund might have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary
to meet its short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not
favor such sales.
Equity Price Risk The Fund's investment portfolios may include long and short positions in equity securities of public
and private, listed and unlisted companies. Equity securities fluctuate in value in response to many
factors, including, among others, the activities and financial condition of individual companies,
geographic markets, industry market conditions, interest rates and general economic environments.
In addition, events such as the domestic and international political environments, terrorism and
natural disasters, may be unforeseeable and contribute to market volatility in ways that may
adversely affect investments made by the Master Funds.
Investments in Emerging Markets The Funds may invest in securities of companies located in emerging countries or issued by the
governments of such countries. Investing in such securities involves certain considerations not
usually associated with investing in securities of companies located in developed countries or issued
by the government of such countries, including security and economic considerations, such as
greater risks of expropriation, confiscatory taxation, imposition of withholding or other taxes on
dividends, interest, capital gains or other income, limitations on the removal of funds,
nationalisation and general social, political and economic instability; the small size of the securities
markets in such countries and the low volume of trading, resulting in potential lack of liquidity and
in price volatility; fluctuations in the rate of exchange between currencies and costs associated with
currency conversion; certain government policies that may restrict the Fund's investment
opportunities; and problems that may arise in connection with the clearance and settlement of
trades. In addition, accounting and financial reporting standards that prevail in certain of such
countries generally are not equivalent to standards in more developed countries and, consequently,
less information is available to investors in companies located in these countries than is available
to investors in companies located in more developed countries. There is also less regulation,
generally, of the securities markets in emerging countries than there is in more developed countries.
Placing securities with a custodian in an emerging country may also present considerable risks.
Exchange Rate Fluctuations; Currency Risks The Funds may invest in financial instruments denominated in non-US currencies, the prices of
which are determined with reference to currencies other than the US Dollar. The Funds, however,
values its financial instruments in US Dollars. The Funds may or may not seek to hedge its non-
US currency exposure by entering into currency hedging transactions, such as treasury locks,
forward contracts, futures contracts and cross-currency swaps. There can be no guarantee that
financial instruments suitable for hedging currency or market shifts will be available at the time
when the Funds wish to use them, or that hedging techniques employed by the Funds will be
effective.
Convertible Arbitrage Convertible arbitrage strategies involve investing in convertible Securities that appear incorrectly
valued relative to their theoretical value. The strategy consists of the purchase (or short sale) of a
convertible Security coupled with the short sale (or purchase) of the underlying Security for which
the convertible Security can be exchanged to exploit price differentials. The Firm may seek to hedge
out the risk inherent in the stock; the remaining risk may or may not be hedged.
Such positions do, however, entail a substantial risk that the price differential could change
unfavorably, causing a loss to the spread position. Substantial risks also are involved in borrowing
and lending against such investments.
Event Driven Investing Event driven investing requires the investor to make predictions about (i) the likelihood that an
event will occur and (ii) the impact such event will have on the value of a company's securities. If
the event fails to occur or it does not have the effect foreseen, losses can result. For example, the
adoption of new business strategies or completion of asset dispositions or debt reduction programs
by a company may not be valued as highly by the market as the Firm had anticipated.
Model and Data Risk The Firm may rely on proprietary analytical models developed by the Firm and information and
data supplied by third parties ("Models and Data"), with respect to a portion of the Fund's
investments, rather than the judgment or discretion of the Firm's investment professionals.
When Models and Data prove to be incorrect, misleading, or incomplete, any decisions made in
reliance thereon expose the Funds to potential risks. For example by relying on Models and Data,
especially valuation models, the Firm may be induced to buy certain investments at prices that are
too high, to sell certain other investments at prices that are too low, or to miss favorable
opportunities altogether.
Equity Securities Generally The value of equity securities of public and private, listed and unlisted companies and equity
derivatives generally varies with the performance of the issuer and movements in the equity
markets. As a result, the Funds may suffer losses if it invests in equity instruments of issuers whose
performance diverges from the Firm's expectations or if equity markets generally move in a single
direction and the Funds have not hedged against such a general move. The Funds also may be
exposed to risks that issuers will not fulfil contractual obligations such as, in the case of convertible
securities or private placements, delivering marketable common stock upon conversions of
convertible securities and registering restricted securities for public resale.
Investments in Initial Public Offerings Investments in initial public offerings (or shortly thereafter) may involve higher risks than
investments issued in secondary public offerings or purchases on a secondary market due to a
variety of factors, including, without limitation, the limited number of shares available for trading,
unseasoned trading, lack of investor knowledge of the issuer and limited operating history of the
issuer.
Unlisted Securities Unlisted securities may involve higher risks than listed securities. Because of the absence of any
trading market for unlisted securities, it may take longer to liquidate, or it may not be possible to
liquidate, positions in unlisted securities than would be the case for publicly traded securities.
Companies whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to public disclosure and
other investor protection requirements applicable to publicly traded securities.
Debt Securities Generally The Funds may invest in private debt securities and other similar instruments. The Funds may
invest in debt instruments that are unrated, and whether or not rated, the debt instruments may
have speculative characteristics. The issuers of such instruments, including sovereign issuers, may
face significant ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse conditions that may undermine the
issuer's ability to make timely payment of interest and principal. Such instruments are regarded as
predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest and repay principal
in accordance with the terms of the obligations and involve major risk exposure to adverse
conditions.
Derivatives We may invest in derivative instruments. Derivative instruments or “derivatives” include futures,
options, swaps, structured securities and other instruments and contracts that are derived from, or
the value of which is related to, one or more underlying securities, financial benchmarks, currencies
or indices. Derivatives allow an investor to hedge or speculate upon the price movements of a
particular security, financial benchmark currency or index at a fraction of the cost of investing in
the underlying asset. The value of a derivative depends largely upon price movements in the
underlying asset. Therefore, many of the risks applicable to trading the underlying asset are also
applicable to derivatives of such asset. However, there are a number of other risks associated with
derivatives trading, including liquidity risk and counterparty risk.
Operational Risk Operational risks include the possibility of errors in the confirmation, settlement, booking,
evaluation, and accounting of transactions; other similar disruptions in the fund's operations may
also lead to mistakes. These events may cause the Funds to suffer financial loss, disruption of
business, liability to clients or third parties, regulatory intervention, and reputational damage.
Swap Agreements Generally The Funds may enter into swap agreements and options on swap agreements ("swaptions"). These
agreements can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of
different types of investments, asset classes or market factors. The Funds, for instance, may enter
into correlation swaps, variance swaps, volatility swaps or other swap agreements with respect to
interest rates, credit defaults, currencies, securities, indexes of securities and other assets or other
measures of risk or return. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease
the Fund's exposure to, for example, equity securities, long-term or short-term interest rates,
foreign currency values, credit spreads or other factors. Swap agreements can take many different
forms and are known by a variety of names. The Funds are not limited to any particular form of
swap agreement.
Currencies and Currency-Related Instruments A principal risk in trading currencies is the rapid fluctuation in the market prices of currency
contracts. Prices of currency contracts traded by the Funds are affected generally by relative interest
rates, which in turn are influenced by a wide variety of complex and difficult to predict factors such
as money supply and demand, balance of payments, inflation levels, fiscal policy, and political and
economic events.
The Funds may invest in undervalued currencies. Identifying investment opportunities in
undervalued currencies is a difficult task, and there are no assurances that such opportunities will
be successfully recognised or acquired.
Commodity-Related Instruments The production and marketing of commodities may be affected by actions and changes in
governments. In addition, commodity-related instruments may be cyclical in nature.
The risk of loss in trading commodities can be substantial. If the Funds purchases a commodity
option, it may sustain a total loss of the premium and of all transaction costs. If the Funds purchase
or sell a commodity futures contract or sells a commodity option, it may sustain a total loss of the
initial margin funds and any additional funds that it deposits with its broker to establish or maintain
its position.
Stressed and Distressed Obligations The Funds may invest in obligations of issuers in weak financial condition, experiencing poor
operating results, having substantial capital needs or negative net worth, facing special competitive
or product obsolescence problems, including companies involved in bankruptcy or other
reorganisation and liquidation proceedings. These obligations are likely to be particularly risky
investments although they also may offer the potential for correspondingly high returns. Among
the risks inherent in investments in troubled entities is the fact that it frequently may be difficult to
obtain information as to the true condition of such issuers.
Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements The Funds may enter into repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements. When the Fund enters
into a repurchase agreement, it "sells" securities to a broker-dealer or financial institution, and
agrees to repurchase such securities on a mutually agreed date for the price paid by the broker-
dealer or financial institution, plus interest at a negotiated rate. In a reverse repurchase transaction,
the Funds "buy" securities issued from a broker-dealer or financial institution, subject to the
obligation of the broker-dealer or financial institution to repurchase such securities at the price paid
by the Funds, plus interest at a negotiated rate. The use of repurchase and reverse repurchase
agreements by the Funds involves certain risks.
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