General Information
ExWorks Capital, LLC (the “Adviser”) is a Delaware limited liability company formed in 2013.
The Adviser’s primary business is to provide investment advisory services to certain pooled
investment vehicles (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) that are exempt from
registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and whose
securities are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
As the investment manager to the Funds, the Adviser identifies investment opportunities for, and
participates in the acquisition, management, monitoring and disposition of investments of the
Funds.
The purpose of the Funds is to make loans and hold loan assets and make and refinance private
corporate loans to exporters/importers and other businesses in the United States and abroad,
including providing the following types of export/import and collateralized business related loans
that may be credit enhanced at the Adviser’s discretion: (a) trade financing transactions which
includes lending on a secured basis and/or purchasing assets that may be sold in the U.S. or abroad;
and (b) working capital loans and term loans. A portion of the Funds’ loan transaction may be
guaranteed, to some extent, by the Small Business Administration (the “SBA”), the Export-Import
Bank of the United States (“EXIM”) or another government agency or instrumentality.
The Adviser’s senior management team has been working together for over 15 years and has over
100 years combined industry experience. The Adviser manages all aspects of the lending process,
from diligence, to underwriting, to fund operations and management. The Adviser utilizes its
senior management team’s depth of contacts in the United States and London to access financing
opportunities, and to interface with the SBA and EXIM.
The Adviser currently has approximately 48 full-time employees that support all aspects of the
business, including originating deals, underwriting credits, monitoring credits/operations and
management oversight. The Adviser is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, and has origination
offices in Atlanta, Georgia, London, England, Los Angeles, California, West Palm Beach, Florida,
New York, New York and Washington, D.C.
The Adviser’s original Fund, ExWorks Capital Fund I, L.P. (the “Original Fund”), was created in
August of 2014 and as of December 31, 2018 had committed limited partner capital of $171.7
million, all of which was deployed. The Original Fund participates in loans and loan transactions
on a pro rata basis based on capital committed with three parallel vehicles, ExWorks Capital Fund
I-Parallel Vehicle, L.P. (“PVI”), ExWorks Capital Fund II-Parallel Vehicle, L.P. (“PVII”) and
ExWorks Capital Fund QP I, L.P. (“QP Fund” and collectively with the Original Fund, PVI and
PVII, the “Funds”). The combined committed limited partner capital of the Funds is $334 million,
all of which was deployed as of December 31, 2018, and the gross asset value of the Funds was
approximately $417.4 million. The Adviser provides investment advisory services to the Funds on
a discretionary basis.
The Funds execute their strategy by: (i) utilizing the Adviser’s in-house origination staff and strong
relationships with outside referral sources to originate financing opportunities; and (ii) selecting
opportunities with acceptable risk and promising return potential in order to build a diversified
portfolio. When possible and available, the Funds may seek to leverage their assets through the
SBA and EXIM. As of December 31, 2018, less than ten percent (10%) of the Funds’ deployed
capital was committed to transactions with SBA or EXIM guarantees, and the rest constituted other
transactions with collateral and/or credit enhancements deemed appropriate by the Adviser.
The Funds may from time to time seek new capital commitments from existing or new limited
partners to fund existing and new transactions. The timing of those commitments will be at the
sole discretion of the General Partner and there is no requirement that all limited partners be offered
an opportunity to participate, pro rata or otherwise. Timing and amounts of capital calls with
respect to new commitments will depend on the timing of new transactions and the level of
transaction repayments. All new capital will participate pro rata based on contributions in the
Fund’s existing portfolio and in all new Fund transactions going forward. In addition, the General
Partner and the Adviser will continue, when appropriate, to raise capital through the Original Fund,
PVI, PVII and QP Fund and new parallel vehicles from time to time. As a result, each Fund’s
share of the aggregate portfolio of transactions is expected to decline over time even if its deployed
capital stays constant.
The Adviser does not act as a general partner of any of the Funds. Instead, a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Adviser serves as general partner (the “General Partner”) to the Funds and has
delegated exclusive investment advisory and other authority with respect to the Funds to the
Adviser.
The Adviser does not tailor its advisory services to the individual needs of Fund investors; rather,
investors invest in the Funds and the Adviser manages the Funds in accordance with their stated
objectives and strategies as described in each respective Fund’s governing documents. Since the
Adviser does not provide individualized advice to investors (and an investment in a Fund does not,
in it and of itself, create an advisory relationship between the investor and the Adviser), investors
must consider whether a Fund meets their investment objectives, liquidity requirements, tax
situation and risk tolerance prior to investing.
ALL DISCUSSION OF THE FUNDS IN THIS BROCHURE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS INVESTMENTS, THE STRATEGIES USED IN MANAGING THE FUNDS, AND RISKS, ARE QUALIFIED IN THEIR ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO THE RESPECTIVE FUND’S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS.RedRidge Finance Group
RedRidge Finance Group, LLC (“RedRidge”) was founded in early 2009 by Randy Abrahams, the
Adviser’s founder and Executive Chairman. RedRidge, through its subsidiary RedRidge Diligence
Services, provides comprehensive due diligence services for more than 100 banks, private equity
firms, public companies, and other institutions. RedRidge’s scope of work includes Quality of
Earnings, Collateral Performance Testing, Valuation Services, and other miscellaneous
engagements. RedRidge has offices in Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Asheville, Dallas,
New York and Denver. The Adviser contracts with RedRidge, to provide all diligence work
required by its underwriting process for the Funds. The Adviser also contracts with RedRidge to
provide ongoing diligence, collateral monitoring and other support with respect to the Fund’s
portfolio. While the majority of RedRidge’s fees and expenses are paid or reimbursed by the
Funds’ borrowers and counterparties, the Funds will be responsible for any shortfall. For example,
the Funds will be responsible for shortfalls caused by “dead” or “broken” deals. Additionally, with
respect to certain SBA loans, although additional collateral monitoring services may be required
to effectively manage such loans, the SBA does not currently allow lenders to directly pass through
such monitoring costs directly to borrowers. In the case of any such shortfall, the Funds will
reimburse the Adviser for such expenses incurred for the benefit of the Funds. The relationship
with RedRidge allows the Funds and the Adviser to move quickly on investment opportunities,
while controlling most aspects of the diligence and underwriting process. As an affiliated company
of the Adviser, RedRidge shares office space with the Adviser and the Funds are significant clients
of RedRidge. For the year ended December 31, 2018, RedRidge generated approximately forty-
four percent (44%) of its revenue from work for the Funds. The Adviser’s arrangement with
RedRidge results in a conflict of interest as RedRidge is compensated for its due diligence and
other services regardless of whether or not a transaction is consummated.
World Trade Finance
World Trade Finance, LLC (“WTF”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser that holds the
SBA license pursuant to which the Adviser originates loans guaranteed by the SBA. The Adviser
acquired WTF in 2015 and, in connection with the acquisition, the Original Fund, the Adviser and
WTF entered into an agreement (the “WTF Agreement”) through which the Original Fund
financed the acquisition of WTF. Pursuant to the terms of the WTF Agreement, the Funds provide
funding, in addition to WTF’s senior secured revolving credit facility (the “WTF Facility”),
necessary for all of WTF’s SBA loans in exchange for all principal, interest and other fee income
generated by such SBA loans. The Original Fund has agreed to guarantee a portion of the WTF
Facility in connection with its funding of WTF. Although loans guaranteed by the SBA are
originated by WTF, all investment decisions are made by the Adviser and the Adviser’s personnel.
The Original Fund’s investment in WTF has no set repayment terms. However, under the terms of
the WTF Agreement, the Adviser and WTF are required to repay the value of the SBA license,
which the Adviser has determined to be at least the value of the original investment and accrued
and unpaid earnings from WTF, upon notification from the Original Fund that it will no longer
provide the WTF Guaranty. Upon termination of the WTF Agreement, the Adviser will continue
to own WTF and will benefit from the existing SBA license and franchise after repayment of such
value to the Original Fund.
ExWorks Capital UK Ltd.
ExWorks Capital UK Ltd. (“ExWorks UK”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Adviser that is
responsible for sourcing potential investment opportunities for the Funds in the United Kingdom
and European markets and providing servicing on loans originated from such regions. Although
ExWorks UK will source investment opportunities, all investment decisions are made by the
Adviser and the Adviser’s personnel.
ExWorks Capital Finance I UK Ltd.
ExWorks Capital Finance I UK Ltd (“Finance I UK”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Original
Fund. Commencing in 2019, Finance I UK will serve as the originating entity for all loans
originated by non-U.S. borrowers. Loans made by Finance I UK will be funded by inter-company
loans from the Funds and the Funds will continue to assume all risk in relation to such non-U.S.
loans.
Controlling Owners
Randolph T. Abrahams, Richard E. Perlman and James K. Price are the controlling owners of the
Adviser.
Loan Origination
The Adviser and ExWorks UK employ in-house origination staff to source financing opportunities
for the Funds. As set forth in the Funds’ respective organizational documents, the Funds are
responsible for all expenses associated with the origination, acquisition, holding, servicing and
disposition of its investments.
In addition to the compensation that such origination staff receive from the Adviser or ExWorks
UK, the Funds will incur commission expense associated with the origination and performance of
loans and the disposition of related investments. Generally, such commissions are calculated on
each loan as a percentage of net income generated in the two years after the origination of such
loan. Such commission expense is paid directly by the Funds to the origination staff. Although
the origination staff do not have any investment or portfolio management discretion with respect
to the Funds, this arrangement creates an incentive for the origination staff to make
recommendations to the Adviser to originate loans based on the amount of compensation that such
originators may receive, rather than basing such recommendations on the quality of the underlying
credit. Additionally, unlike salary expenses of the Adviser’s personnel, which the Adviser pays
directly, such commission expenses are a direct expense of the Funds.
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Investment Strategies
The Adviser’s strategy for the Funds consists of investing in three distinct financing products,
certain of which may be guaranteed by the SBA or EXIM Bank:
(1) Trade Finance. For the trade finance business line, the Funds can act as direct
exporter/importer, purchasing goods with an existing purchase order and collecting from a
buyer, be it in the U.S. or a foreign jurisdiction. All loans are secured by borrower assets,
purchase orders and, when appropriate, the Funds seek to mitigate risk via credit insurance,
letters of credit and/or SBA or EXIM bank guarantees. Generally, these sales are recurring,
and the Funds will collect a margin on each turn of the trade, increasing returns on deployed
capital. In addition, the Funds will consider making loans and purchasing loan assets, and
assets that are similar or like-kind to the investments described above.
(2) Working Capital Loans. For the working capital loan business, typical loans involve
securing assets and extending a facility or line of credit that either revolves, based on new
invoices created, inventory on hand or purchased, or remains static based on overall assets
of the borrower. The Adviser performs ongoing collateral monitoring and analysis of each
borrower.
(3) Term Loans. For term loans, the Funds may lend to companies in similar fashion to that
of a working capital loan based on being fully collateralized, having credit insurance or
letters of credit on key accounts or customers, property, plant and equipment, intellectual
property, brand names/trade styles, other assets and overall enterprise value. Loan
positions may also be further secured by additional collateral in excess of primary
collateral.
Mechanics of Loan and Trade Pricing
The Funds utilize several mechanisms to arrive at targeted yields on each transaction. A loan or
trade will typically have an interest component calculated and charged monthly, margin sharing
whereby the Fund shares in the gross margin of the trade or particular sales revenue of the borrower
it finances (paid upon collection), Payment in Kind or “PIK” interest capitalized to the loan or
trade, closing fees on the outstanding committed facility that are generally capitalized to the loan,
success fees due upon payoff of the facility or at certain maturities, unused line fees based on total
average unfunded portion of the facility and warrants for equity in some borrowers.
All fee and interest components flow into the Funds to produce yields. The Funds are not a bank
or traditional lender and may utilize or convert pricing components during the term of the loans or
trades for amended terms, additional advances, longer term or maturity. Pricing mechanics are
customized for each transaction and are situational in order to maximize yield for the Funds and
create the highest possible values over time. The Funds’ shorter-term debt instruments and trades
contemplate necessary extensions of loans and trades and the pricing opportunities that go with
them as an important component of the business model.
Origination
The Adviser utilizes origination platforms spread across the U.S. in major metropolitan areas as
well as through its affiliate, ExWorks Capital UK Ltd, in London, England. In addition, the
Adviser’s connections with trade organizations, relationships generated at industry conferences,
strategic corporate relationships, export/import trade departments at financial institutions, as well
as relationships with bankers, CPAs and lawyers, provide the Funds with a stream of potential
transaction opportunities.
The Adviser applies a disciplined approach to transaction selection. After a transaction is
recommended by the Adviser’s senior credit staff, transactions are then reviewed by the Adviser’s
Executive Chairman and/or Chief Credit Officer before term sheets are issued.
Leverage
The Funds are borrowers under two credit facilities. One facility is used by the Fund primarily to
minimize idle cash and fund transactions pending capital contributions from new or existing
limited partners or parallel vehicles. The ability to minimize idle cash, combined with the
difference between the cost of funding under the facility and the Funds’ investment income on
transactions, allows the Funds to maintain and enhance returns. As authorized by the Advisory
Committee of the Funds, the Funds currently limit leverage to thirty-five percent (35%) of the
aggregate commitments of all limited partners not counting leverage related to the SBA/EXIM
Bank guaranteed portion of the Funds’ portfolio. The second facility is used by the Funds to fund
SBA/EXIM guaranteed loans.
Risk of Loss
While the Adviser seeks to diversify the Funds’ investments by investing in multiple companies,
all investments are subject to risks. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that a Fund will be
able to fully meet its investment objectives and goals, or that investments will not lose money.
Below is a description of several of the principal risks that the Funds face.
•
Nature of Investment. An investment in the Funds is speculative and involves a high degree
of risk. The Funds’ performance may be volatile, and an investor could incur a total or
substantial loss of their investment. There can be no assurance that projected or targeted
returns for the Funds will be achieved. There is no assurance that the investments held by
the Funds will be profitable, or that there will be proceeds from such investments available
for distribution to the limited partners.
•
Future and Past Performance. The past performance of the Funds is provided with the
Funds’ offering materials for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of
the Funds’ future results. It is possible that return rates targeted by the Funds for their
future investments will be less than the historical results set forth herein or in any quarterly
update letter. While the General Partner intends for the Funds to make investments that
have estimated returns commensurate with the risks undertaken, there can be no assurance
that the Funds’ future investments will perform as well as their past investments, or
assurances that any targeted internal rate of return will be achieved. On any given
investment or on all investments, loss of principal is possible.
Reliance on Borrower and Financial Reporting. In many cases, the Adviser will rely on
the financial information made available by the borrowers or issuers in which the Funds
invest, and generally will not have the ability to independently verify such financial
information. Therefore, the Funds are subject to risks of fraud and accounting
irregularities.
Bridge Financing. The Funds lend or provide financial guarantees or similar instruments
to borrowers on a short-term basis in anticipation of a future issuance of long-term debt
securities or other refinancing, but such future events may not occur. As a result, the short-
term loans may remain outstanding and the interest rate may not adequately reflect the risk
associated with the Funds’ unsecured position.
Investments in Less Established Companies. The Funds invest a significant portion of their
assets in smaller, less established companies, which typically involves greater risks than
are generally associated with investments in more established companies. Less established
companies have lower capitalization and fewer resources and, therefore, are often more
vulnerable to financial failure. Such companies may also have shorter operating histories
on which to judge future performance.
•
Risks of Realization and Lack of Liquidity of Investments. The Funds generally will provide
senior secured debt to private companies, which are not publicly-traded and do not have
the liquidity of conventional public bond and equity securities. Due to their illiquid nature,
the Funds may not be able to dispose of their interest in a debt security before maturity in
a timely manner and/or at a fair price (or at the value that would be expected to be realized
were the securities to be more liquid), which could result in losses to the Funds, including
the loss of their entire investment.
The Funds are also subject to risks arising from changes in the financial condition or
prospects of the companies whose borrowings underlie the Funds’ investments, changes in
national or international economic or political conditions (including acts of war, terrorism
or other calamity or crisis), adverse conditions in national or global financial or capital
markets, or changes in laws, regulations, fiscal policies or political conditions of countries
in which investments are made.
•
Uncertain Exit Strategies. Due to the illiquid nature of some of the positions that the Funds
may acquire, the Adviser is unable to predict with confidence what the exit strategy will
ultimately be for any given position, or that one will be available at an attractive price, or
at all. Exit strategies which appear to be viable or profitable when an investment is initiated
may be precluded or unprofitable by the time the investment is ready to be realized due to
market, economic, legal, political or other factors.
Risks Associated with Making Loans. Direct loans are subject to risks, including: (i) the
possible invalidation of a particular investment transaction as a “fraudulent conveyance”
under relevant creditors’ rights laws; (ii) “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the
obligations; (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing
the obligations; and (iv) limitations on the ability of the Funds to directly enforce rights
with respect to participations. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and
other risks, absent actual fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence by the General
Partner or the Adviser, may be borne by the Funds.
•
Credit Risks. Debt investments generally are subject to the borrower’s ability to make
interest and principal payments as they become due. The Funds’ income and value might
be reduced if a borrower fails to repay interest or principal.
Nature of Investments in Senior Loans. The Funds cannot guarantee that the value of any
underlying collateral, the creditworthiness of the borrower, or the priority of the liens will
be adequate for the protection of the Funds’ interests in senior loans. While the Funds’
investment interests in senior loans typically will be secured by collateral and may be
credit-enhanced, the Funds may have difficulty liquidating the collateral or enforcing their
rights under the terms of the senior loans in the event of the borrower’s default or other
factors, and the value of such collateral may be insufficient to protect the Funds against
losses or a decline in income in the event of a borrower’s non-payment of interest or
principal. In addition, some loans may not have priority over other unsecured debt of an
issuer, the Funds may invest in debt instruments that are not secured by collateral, and
loans may become non-performing.
Furthermore, the liens referred to herein generally only cover domestic assets; non-U.S.
assets are not included (other than, for example, where a borrower pledges a portion of the
stock of first-tier non-U.S. subsidiaries).
Finally, upon a bankruptcy filing by an issuer of debt, United States Code (11 U.S.C. §§
101-1330) (the “Bankruptcy Code”) imposes an automatic stay on payments of its
prepetition debt. Nonperforming debt obligations may require substantial workout
negotiations, restructuring or bankruptcy filings that may entail a substantial reduction in
the interest rate, deferral of payments and/or a substantial write-down of the principal of a
loan or conversion of some or all of the debt to equity. If an issuer were to file for chapter
11 reorganization, the Bankruptcy Code authorizes the issuer to restructure the terms of
repayment of a class of debt even if the class fails to accept the restructuring as long as the
restructured terms are “fair and equitable” to the class and certain other conditions are met.
The Funds’ investments may be subject to early redemption features, refinancing options,
pre-payment options or similar provisions which, in each case, could result in the borrower
repaying the principal on an obligation held by the Funds earlier than expected.
Foreign Exposure. With the recent opening by an affiliate of the Adviser of a London
office, the Funds expect to enter into loans and finance transactions to an increasing number
of foreign borrowers and in foreign jurisdictions. Foreign loans and transactions involve
additional risks relating to political, economic, or regulatory conditions in foreign
countries, including, but not limited to, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, withholding
or other taxes, restrictions on the repatriation of income, burdens of complying with a wide
variety of foreign laws and legal standards, increased financial accounting complexities,
difficulties in managing and staffing international operations, difficulties securing
collateral, the less stringent legal protections and systems of many foreign markets and
other operational risks. The Adviser may, but is under no obligation to, employ hedging
techniques to minimize currency exchange related risks to non-U.S. dollar denominated
investments in loans and loan related assets, although there can be no assurance that such
strategies will be effective. These factors generally make foreign loans and transactions
riskier than similar transactions in the United States.
•
Lender Liability Considerations and Equitable Subordination. In recent years, several
judicial decisions in the U.S. have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions
(i.e., the Funds) on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed “lender
liability”). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that an institutional
lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing
owed to the borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower resulting in a
creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. In
addition, the court may utilize “equitable subordination,” where a court subordinates the
claim of a lending institution that violated common law principles to claims of the
disadvantaged credited or creditors. While believed to be unlikely, the holder of certain
underlying securities could be subject to allegations of lender liability or equitable
subordination, which could potentially reduce the cash flows and/or market value of such
security.
•
Interest Rate Risk. In general, the value of a debt security changes as prevailing interest
rates change. For fixed-rate debt securities, when prevailing interest rates fall, the values
of outstanding debt securities generally rise. When interest rates rise, the values of
outstanding debt securities earning lower rates generally fall, and they may sell at a
discount from their face amount. The debt instruments in which the Funds will invest
generally will have adjustable interest rates. For that reason, the General Partner and the
Adviser expect that when interest rates change, the amount of interest received by the
Funds in respect of such debt investments will change in a corresponding manner.
Creditor Rights. In some cases, the General Partner or the Adviser may seek appropriate
creditor rights to help protect the Funds’ interests, like the right to appoint one or more
representatives to the board of directors. Such creditor rights may expose the Funds’
representatives, and ultimately the Funds, to potential liability. Not all portfolio companies
may obtain insurance with respect to such liability, and the insurance that portfolio
companies do obtain may be insufficient to adequately protect officers and directors from
such liability.
Recourse to the Funds’ Assets. The Funds’ assets are available to satisfy all liabilities and
other obligations of the Funds. Satisfaction of liabilities may not be limited to the particular
investment giving rise to the liability.
Leverage Risk. As described above under “Item 8 – Methods of Analysis, Investment
Strategies and Risk of Loss – Investment Strategies – Leverage”, the Funds have two credit
facilities pursuant to which it borrows money. The Funds may increase leverage beyond
current levels upon approval of the Advisory Committee. The Funds borrow money to
finance loan investments and transactions, which will exaggerate the effect of any default
or losses in the Funds’ portfolio. Money borrowed is also subject to interest and other costs
(including unused line fees). Unless the income of the Funds’ investments with borrowed
funds exceed the cost of borrowing, the use of leverage will diminish the Funds’ returns.
•
Potential Liabilities. The Funds will indemnify the General Partner, the Adviser, and their
investment professionals, among others, for liabilities incurred in connection with
operations of the Funds, including liabilities arising from such suits. Such indemnification
obligations and other liabilities could be substantial.
•
Diverse Membership of the Limited Partners. The limited partners include taxable and tax-
exempt persons and entities and include investors organized in various jurisdictions. As a
result, conflicts of interest may arise in connection with decisions made by the General
Partner or the Adviser that may be more beneficial for one type of limited partner than for
another type of limited partner. In addition, the General Partner may make investments for
the Funds that may have a negative impact on other investments made by any limited
partner in separate transactions. In selecting investments appropriate for the Funds, the
General Partner and the Adviser will consider the investment objectives of the Funds as a
whole, not the investment objectives of any limited partner individually.
•
Failure to Make Capital Contributions. If a limited partner defaults on the limited partner’s
obligation to make required capital contributions, it may be difficult for the Funds to make
up the shortfall from other sources, which could have a material adverse effect on the
Funds, their assets and the interests of the other limited partners.
Dilution from Subsequent Closings. Each limited partner subscribing for an interest in a
Fund at any subsequent closing will participate in existing investments of the Funds based
on contributed capital, and hence, will dilute the interests of the existing limited partners.
Distributions are generally based on contributed capital and, as a result, there can be no
assurance that a new contribution will reflect the fair value of the Funds’ existing
investments at the time such additional capital contribution is made.
•
Advisory Committee. The General Partner will appoint one or more limited partner
representatives to the Advisory Committee, all but one of which may be limited partners
affiliated with the General Partner of the Adviser. None of the Advisory Committee
members shall owe any fiduciary duties to the Funds or any other Partner. In addition,
representatives of the Advisory Committee may have various business and other
relationships with the Adviser and its partners, employees and affiliates, and all, but one,
are affiliates of the General Partner and the Adviser. These relationships may influence
their decisions as members of the Advisory Committee.
•
Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser (and its members, managers, directors, employees, or Affiliates) (“Adviser
Personnel”) may serve as investment manager, advisor, or in another capacity to other
funds or client accounts and conduct investment activities for its own accounts (“Other
Accounts”). Such other entities or accounts may have investment objectives or may
implement investment strategies similar to those of the Funds.
Adviser Personnel may give advice or take action with respect to such Other Accounts that
differs from the advice given or action taken with respect to the Funds. The Adviser or
any of its Affiliates or any person connected with them, including the members, managers,
directors and employees of the Adviser may invest in, directly or indirectly, or manage or
advise other investment funds or accounts that invest in assets that may also be purchased
or sold by the Funds. Neither the Adviser nor any of its Affiliates nor any person connected
with them, including the members, managers, directors and employees of the Adviser, is
under any obligation to offer investment opportunities of which any of them becomes
aware to the Funds or to account to the Funds in respect of (or share with the Funds or
inform the Funds of) any such transaction or any benefit received by any of them from any
such transaction, but will allocate such opportunities on an equitable basis between the
Funds and Other Accounts.
In the event that the Adviser Personnel serve as investment manager, advisor, or in another
capacity to Other Accounts, the Adviser Personnel will have conflicts of interest in
allocating investments and their time by and among the Funds and Other Accounts.
To resolve any such conflict, Adviser Personnel will, at all times, have regard for their
obligation to the Funds, use their best efforts in connection with the purposes and objectives
of the Funds, will devote so much of their time and effort to the affairs of the Funds as
may, in their judgment, be necessary to accomplish the purposes of the Funds. Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Adviser and its directors may act as investment
manager or adviser for others, may manage funds or capital for others, may have, make,
and maintain investments in its own name or through other entities and may serve as an
officer, director, consultant, partner or stockholder of one or more investment funds,
partnerships, securities firms or advisory firms. It may not always be possible or consistent
with the investment objectives of the various persons or entities described above and of the
Funds for the same investment positions to be taken or liquidated at the same time or at the
same price. The Adviser may from time to time act as investment manager in relation to,
or be otherwise involved in, other funds established by parties other than the Funds which
have similar objectives to those of, or invest in similar securities to those held by, the
Funds. It is, therefore, possible that any of them or their respective directors, shareholders,
members, officers, agents or employees may, in the course of business, have potential
conflicts of interest with the Funds. In such event, any of the foregoing persons will, at all
times, have regard to its obligations to the Funds and will endeavor to ensure that such
conflicts are resolved fairly. In addition, subject to applicable law and the requirements of
the Funds’ governing documents, any of the foregoing persons may deal, as principal or
agent, with the Funds, provided that such dealings are carried out as if effected on normal
commercial terms negotiated on an arm’s length basis.
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