Cain International Advisers Limited ("Adviser"), a private limited company with
company registration number 10486651, was incorporated in England and Wales
on November 18, 2017.
Adviser is jointly owned by Eldridge Industries, LLC ("Eldridge") and Holne
Investments PLC ("Holne"). Todd Boehly is the Chairman and controlling member
of Eldridge. Jonathan Goldstein is the Chief Executive Officer and controlling
shareholder of Holne.
Historical Development and Ownership of Adviser Eldridge and Holne founded and established Cain Hoy Enterprises LP for the
purpose of investing in real estate, real estate loans and companies that require real
estate expertise. In 2016, Cain Hoy Enterprises LP changed its name to Cain
International LP ("Cain International") to reflect its growing international presence.
Drawing upon their expertise managing assets in global real estate markets,
Eldridge and Holne established Adviser to offer real estate investment strategies
and products to third-party clients, as well as to Eldridge, Cain International and
their subsidiaries. To facilitate Adviser's ability to provide investment advisory
services to third-party clients, Cain International transitioned its investment team
and accompanying resources to Adviser. The investment team continues to manage
Cain International's real estate investment portfolio under investment advisory
agreements between Adviser and Cain International.
Adviser's investment personnel are employed by affiliates of Adviser for
operational purposes. Adviser treats those affiliates and their personnel as
"associated persons," "supervised persons" and "advisory affiliates" for purposes of
the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Advisers Act"), and such affiliates and
persons are included in references to "Adviser" throughout this Brochure.
Services Offered by Adviser Adviser offers certain investment advisory and management services on a
discretionary and/or non-discretionary basis, depending on the client's governance,
structure and needs. A variety of strategies are designed to allocate client capital
across debt and equity capital structures with underlying real estate assets.
Adviser may, from time to time, prepare written commentary on general market
conditions. The commentary will be designed to educate and inform current and
prospective clients, consultants and other business contacts. Adviser does not
charge a fee for providing these commentaries and may determine in its discretion
to discontinue this practice at any time. Adviser may provide such commentary to
current clients but cannot guarantee that all such commentary will be provided to
all clients.
Adviser focuses on global real estate and does not offer clients a complete
investment program diversified across asset classes.
Adviser is affiliated with Cain International Management Limited ("Jersey
Manager"), a Jersey domiciled company, jointly owned by Eldridge and Holne, that
serves as manager to Cain International European Real Estate Opportunity Fund I,
LP (the “EREO Fund”), a private fund and a client of Adviser. Jersey Manager may
serve as manager to additional investment vehicles that Adviser expects to establish
in the future. Jersey Manager is exempt from registration under the Advisers Act
pursuant to Section 203(m) of and Rule 203(m)-1 under the Advisers Act.
Clients
Adviser currently provides advisory services to the EREO Fund and to Adviser’s
affiliates. Adviser expects to establish additional third-party client relationships in
the future.
Funds
Adviser provides non-discretionary investment advisory services to Jersey
Manager in connection with its management of EREO Fund. EREO Fund is a
Jersey domiciled limited partnership. Cain International European Real Estate
Opportunity Fund I GP Limited, an affiliate of Adviser and Manager, is the general
partner of the EREO Fund. Jersey Manager serves as manager to the EREO Fund.
Adviser intends to sponsor additional private funds to be offered to qualified
investors in the United States and elsewhere (such funds, including EREO Fund,
the "Funds"). Funds will generally invest through private holding companies in
which an unaffiliated party also will hold an interest, referred to herein as "holding
companies". Senior principals of Adviser will generally serve on holding
companies' respective boards of directors and, in certain cases, otherwise act to
influence control over management of holding companies in which the Funds have
invested. Senior principals of Adviser serving on holding company boards will not
receive compensation for such roles.
It is expected that such Funds will include those that take the form of a Jersey
limited partnership and/or a Delaware limited partnership (or such other form as
Adviser determines). An affiliate of Adviser will serve as general partner to Funds,
and Jersey Manager will serve as manager to Funds. Adviser will provide non-
discretionary investment management (or, in the circumstances set out in Item 4 -
"
Regulatory Limitations and Strategy", discretionary investment management)
services to Jersey Manager. Jersey Manager will rely upon the services it receives
from Adviser to manage the Funds. Adviser's advisory services for the Funds are
detailed in the applicable private placement memoranda or other offering
documents of the relevant Fund.
Separately Managed Accounts
As noted above, Adviser will enter into investment advisory agreements with its
affiliates to manage Cain International's real estate investment portfolio, and to
provide advice, analysis and due diligence on real estate investment opportunities.
In addition, Adviser may enter into non-discretionary or, in the circumstances set
out in Item 4 - "
Regulatory Limitations and Strategy", discretionary investment
management agreements with other clients seeking separately managed account
strategies ("SMAs", which includes any such agreements with Cain International),
which will be established in consultation with such clients based on investment
guidelines and objectives determined by Adviser and the clients. SMAs may
impose restrictions on Adviser's authority to invest in specific types of investments.
Client Documentation
The documentation governing each Fund or other client relationship, which may
include non-discretionary or, in the circumstances set out in Item 4 - "
Regulatory
Limitations and Strategy", discretionary investment management agreements,
private placement memoranda or other offering documents, including any
subscription agreements, limited partnership or other operating agreements or
governing documents, (collectively, "Client Documentation") contains, among
other things, detailed guidelines and restrictions regarding the types of investments
and overall composition of a client portfolio, as well as Adviser's role and authority
with respect to the portfolio. In the case of Funds, investment guidelines are
generally not tailored to the individual needs of any particular investor in a Fund.
Adviser's relationships with certain clients and investors, including affiliates of
Adviser, could result in a benefit to such persons relative to others reflected in
Client Documentation for such clients. For example, the terms of SMAs with such
clients may provide for more specific or detailed information concerning the
portfolio, strategy and specific investments in the portfolio than will be routinely
provided to Adviser's other clients, unless requested, and Adviser may provide
information to such clients without any obligation or commitment to provide the
same information to all clients, subject to Adviser's obligations under the Advisers
Act.
Additionally, Adviser and/or Jersey Manager may enter into side letter agreements
or other similar separate agreements with certain investors, which may include
affiliates of Adviser, in a Fund that have the effect of establishing rights under or
altering or supplementing the terms of Client Documentation with respect to such
investors. Such different or supplemental terms may include, but are not limited
to, information rights, excuse or "opt out" rights with respect to certain investments,
reduced management fees and carried interest/performance fees, and most favored
nations clauses. Additional information with respect to side letter arrangements can
be found in Client Documentation.
The Funds and clients under the SMAs are collectively referred to herein as
"clients" for purposes of detailing Adviser's intended business. The description of
Adviser's clients is not exhaustive; consequently, Adviser may provide advisory
services to other types of clients not described herein.
Co-Investment
In certain circumstances and subject to relevant Client Documentation, Adviser
may in its discretion, but is not obligated to, offer co-investment opportunities to
Adviser Related Parties (as defined below) as well as other clients and/or third
parties, for participation directly, indirectly or through co-investment vehicles
advised or managed by Adviser. Such co-investments typically involve investment
and disposal of interests in the applicable portfolio company at the same time and
on the same terms as the Fund or other vehicle or investor making the investment.
From time to time, for strategic and other reasons, a co-investor or co-invest vehicle
may purchase or dispose of a portion of an investment from or to one or more
Funds.
Unless provided to the contrary in Client Documentation, Adviser may select co-
investors in its sole discretion where such co-investor's participation in the co-
investment would, in Adviser's opinion, be in the interests of the clients or investors
participating in the co-investment based on, among other things, Adviser's ability
to complete, operate, manage, dispose of or otherwise add value to the investment.
In Adviser's discretion, Adviser may waive or reduce fees paid by certain co-
investors. In certain cases where co-investors evaluate a potential investment
alongside existing clients and where the potential investment is not consummated,
the full amount of any expenses relating to such potential but unconsummated
investment are borne entirely by clients which would have made such investment,
rather than Adviser or the co-investor, consistent with Adviser's policies and
procedures and relevant Client Documentation. In the case of a consummated co-
investment opportunity, clients will receive a smaller allocation than they otherwise
might have had there been no participation from a co-investor.
Regulatory Assets Under Management As of the date of this Brochure, Adviser’s Fund client regulatory assets under
management is $217,553,680. Adviser manages approximately $[1,577,944,616]
of investments for Cain International.
Regulatory Limitations and Strategy
Adviser is an "Appointed Representative" of Mirabella Advisers LLP
("Mirabella"), which is authorized and regulated by the Financial Conduct
Authority ("FCA") (FRN: 606792). As an Appointed Representative of Mirabella,
Adviser is not itself authorized by the FCA but is able to rely upon its appointment
as an 'Appointed Representative' to undertake certain UK regulated activities from
the UK, principally being 'advising' and 'arranging' activities (i.e. non-discretionary
investment management). As of the date of this Brochure, discretionary investment
management services will therefore be limited to instruments that would not require
Adviser to be authorized by the FCA in the UK to discretionarily manage such
instruments.
Adviser expects to seek independent authorization by the FCA to enable Adviser
to continue to perform the regulated activities it is permitted to perform as an
'Appointed Representative' and in addition to undertake discretionary investment
management. However, until such time as Adviser is independently authorized by
the FCA and for so long as the Client Documentation requires it, Jersey Manager
will exercise full responsibility for making and effecting investment decisions for
the Funds.
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Management and Advisory Fees With respect to each Fund (including the EREO Fund), Adviser expects to be paid,
for the services it provides with respect to that Fund, a fee equal to a percentage of
any management fees received by or payable to Jersey Manager with respect to that
Fund. With respect to any new Funds, The Jersey Manager's management fee will
be agreed in the Client Documentation and will typically be calculated as a
percentage of committed and/or invested capital in the relevant Fund. The Jersey
Manager’s management fee with respect to the EREO Fund is similarly calculated
and was agreed in the Client Documentation.
With respect to SMAs, Adviser generally will be paid a management fee, which
typically will be based on a percentage of the amount of capital that has been funded
with respect to a particular investment. The management fee will generally accrue
at a mutually agreed upon annualized rate payable in arrears as of the period-end
set forth in Client Documentation (expected to be monthly or quarterly) and will
generally be prorated where appropriate. However, there will be no set SMA fee
schedule, and management fees may vary from client to client based upon the type
of services provided, size of the account, and relationship between the client and
Adviser.
The amount of fees payable to Adviser (whether in respect of Funds, SMAs or
otherwise), as well as the timing and manner of payment, is established on a case-
by-case basis in the applicable Client Documentation received by the relevant client
or investor in a Fund (as applicable).
Performance Fees With respect to Funds, an affiliate of Adviser is also expected to receive carried
interest on returns above an agreed hurdle. The hurdle and other terms of such
carried interest is established under the Client Documentation applicable to the
particular Fund. With respect to the EREO Fund, an affiliate of Adviser receives
carried interest as described in the relevant Client Documents.
With respect to SMAs, Adviser may receive under SMAs with eligible clients
performance or incentive fees constituting a percentage of profits or gains in
addition to the management fees mentioned above.
See also Item 6 - "
Performance Based Fees and Side-by-Side Management".
Additional Fees Adviser may charge SMA clients a one-time fixed subscription fee, commitment
fees, and/or exit fees in addition to the management and performance fees
mentioned above, each as agreed in the relevant Client Documentation. Adviser,
at its sole discretion, can elect to reduce, waive or calculate differently the fees with
respect to any clients.
The subscription fee is typically a mutually agreed upon fixed amount, payable one-
time in connection with the opening of an SMA, as set forth in the Client
Documentation, and is designed to compensate Adviser for the costs of establishing
the SMA. The subscription fee is generally payable within 10 business days after
signing an SMA, subject to any different payment terms contained in Client
Documentation. The subscription fee may vary from client to client based upon the
type of services provided, size of the account, and relationship between the client
and Adviser.
Commitment fees typically will be based on the amount of committed but un-drawn
capital in the client's account. Commitment fees accrue at a mutually agreed upon
annualized rate payable in arrears as of the period-end set forth in Client
Documentation and will generally be prorated where appropriate. Commitment fees
are designed to cover costs associated with keeping an active pipeline of investment
opportunities.
In certain circumstances, for certain SMA clients, Adviser may charge an exit fee
upon early termination of Client Documentation. The purpose of such fees is to
provide compensation to Adviser for seeking to identify, source or present
investment opportunities from the date of the SMA until termination of the SMA
in accordance with its terms. Exit fees compensate Adviser for services rendered
and resources committed by Adviser prior to such early termination. Where
applicable, such fees are described in greater detail in the relevant Client
Documentation.
Client Documentation will contain detailed provisions around termination of the
relationship between Adviser and the client. In general, with respect to clients
participating in Adviser's fixed income / real estate lending strategies, Client
Documentation will permit termination of Adviser with respect to amounts
allocated to specific investments only following certain agreed upon 'for cause'
events. Such restrictions on termination are designed to protect Adviser's ability to
manage an investment through realization and obtain the best economic result for
all clients participating in the investment. Clients should read Client
Documentation carefully before engaging Adviser.
Subject to the terms of Client Documentation, Adviser may recommend and invest
clients in assets that charge additional fees to a client, such as co-investment
vehicles or holding companies to whom Adviser or an affiliate may charge
additional fees, resulting in multiple layers of fees on an investment. Adviser and
its affiliates may receive these additional fees, as well as commissions, other
remuneration, and/or profits made in some transactions involving affiliated entities.
Any such compensation is in addition to the fees described above and, unless
specifically provided for in Client Documentation will not offset or otherwise
reduce these or other fees or expenses payable by the client. As a result, Adviser
has an incentive to select investments based on compensation to affiliates rather
than a client's needs. For more information on transactions involving affiliated
entities, including Adviser's procedures for addressing and disclosing the conflicts
to clients, please see Item 11.
At the direction of the client, Adviser generally will deduct its fees from a client's
account (but may, in its discretion, bill client directly) with the frequency set forth
in Client Documentation (e.g., quarterly).
To the extent there is a deviation between the general descriptions provided in this
Brochure and the provisions and disclosures in such Client Documentation
applicable to a specific client, the terms of the Client Documentation shall govern.
Expenses Expenses borne by clients are set forth in relevant Client Documentation, and
generally include and will include payment (or reimbursement to Adviser) for costs
and expenses incurred by Adviser in connection with the establishment and
offering of a Fund (including e.g, legal, accounting, printing, costs), costs and
expenses incurred by Adviser in connection with the formation or structuring of
investments, including all "dead deal" costs, acquisition, ownership or realization
of investments, legal fees, tax and financial advisers' fees, bank charges, sourcing
co-investment capital, third-party indebtedness, administration fees and litigation
fees, and meetings of the fund investors or the advisory committee, but excluding
the Manager's own overhead costs and expenses. Clients will also reimburse
Adviser for costs and expenses paid to professional service providers that are not
contractually borne by a third party (e.g., the borrower with respect to a loan
investment), costs that are specific to a particular client (e.g., tax advice obtained
on behalf of a client), and all other costs and expenses agreed between the client
and Adviser. Such costs and expenses may include additional compensation
payable to Adviser or its affiliates in connection with management or other services
performed for holding companies in which Funds or SMAs have invested.
Costs and expenses typically borne by an SMA client relating to investments
include: brokerage commission and other trading execution and settlement related
costs and fees, and custody fees. Please see Item 12 for additional information on
brokerage costs.
Costs and expenses borne by more than one client will be allocated in accordance
with Adviser's policies and procedures in effect from time to time. Adviser's
allocation methodologies seek to allocate expenses in a manner that generally
reflects each client's relative consumption of resources, relative allocation of
benefits and/or other equitable considerations that may be appropriate under the
circumstances. In some circumstances, to the extent set forth in Client
Documentation, a client bears 100% of the expenses attributable to an
unconsummated investment. This could occur in instances, among others, where a
client is primarily focused on the relevant strategy and the potential co-investment
group is not guaranteed an allocation of the relevant transaction.
In addition, clients bear all expenses incurred in connection with their organization
and ongoing operations, including, without limitation, taxes and other related costs;
legal, audit, tax preparation and accounting fees; and costs of litigation or other
"extraordinary" events.
Adviser and its affiliates use some of the same service providers as are retained for
clients. In some cases, rates or discounts are or will be offered to Adviser or its
affiliates by these service providers which differ from those offered to clients by
such service providers. Where Adviser is in a position to control the cost of
services, it seeks to obtain favorable rates or discounts extended to it to costs borne
by clients, to the extent such services are of a similar scope, type and nature. There
is no assurance that Adviser will be successful in securing favorable rates or
discounts for clients.
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Performance-Based Fees As mentioned under "Fees and Compensation" above, Adviser receives
performance-based compensation from clients who are "Qualified Clients," (as
defined in the Advisers Act) in accordance with applicable requirements of the
Advisers Act and terms set forth in the relevant Client Documentation.
Performance-based fees generally apply once clients have received a return of their
capital and a specific minimum return, and will generally be calculated on a realized
basis, after taking in to account any permanent write-downs. Performance-based
fees will generally be paid upon realization of relevant aggregate investments, or
as otherwise agreed in the Client Documentation. Performance fees vary across
clients based on the type of service provided, size of the account, and the overall
relationship between Adviser and the client. Adviser, at its sole discretion, may
reduce, waive or calculate differently performance-based fees with respect to any
client (as well as, in the case of Funds, among investors in the same Fund).
Performance-based fees in some cases may be based on the value and performance
of the assets in respect of which Adviser is providing services. Adviser will value
the asset in accordance with its valuation procedures, or as otherwise agreed in the
Client Documentation. Adviser's role in determining the fair value of investments
in clients' portfolios may pose a conflict because Adviser has an incentive to value
investments either higher or lower, as the case may be, in order to affect client
performance or to generate increased performance-based fees. Adviser has policies
designed to monitor, mitigate and resolve such conflicts. Please see Item 11 for
more information on Adviser's valuation policies.
Different types of performance-based fees mean that Adviser may receive a higher
performance-based fee for some client accounts than for others and between Funds,
as well as among investors in the same Fund.
Adviser may also have greater pecuniary interest in the performance of some client
accounts relative to others. For example, Adviser may be entitled to a carried
interest or other compensation that is based on the performance of one client
account but not another. The simultaneous management of clients that pay
performance-based fees and clients that pay only management fees or performance-
based fees calculated in a different manner creates a potential conflict of interest as
Adviser may have an incentive to favor clients with the potential to generate higher
fees.
Performance-based compensation arrangements reward Adviser for positive
performance, and thus create an incentive for Adviser to recommend investments
that may be riskier than those that would be recommended under a different
compensation arrangement.
The above conflicts of interest are mitigated by investment guidelines, objectives
and restrictions, including risk parameters, agreed with clients and contained in
Client Documentation that typically constrain Adviser's discretion to select
speculative investments.
Side-by-Side Management Adviser provides services for a variety of clients who will pursue similar,
competing or complementary investment objectives, policies or strategies. This
side-by-side management of multiple accounts creates a variety of potential and
actual conflicts of interest for Adviser, including the incentive to favor certain
clients with performance-based fees, higher fee-paying clients or those clients
where Adviser (or its affiliate(s)) have a pecuniary interest. In cases where
availability or liquidity of investment opportunities is limited, side-by-side
management of multiple accounts may create potential conflicts. Adviser has an
allocation policy designed to mitigate these conflicts by seeking to allocate
investment opportunities among eligible clients in a manner deemed by Adviser to
be fair and equitable over time, subject to, and consistent with, client guidelines,
objectives and strategies. See Item 11 for more information regarding Adviser's
allocation policy.
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Adviser currently provides advice only to its affiliates.
As described in Item 4, Adviser provides and intends to continue to provide non-
discretionary investment management services (or, in the circumstances set out
under Item 4 - "
Regulatory Limitations and Strategy", discretionary investment
management services) to Funds. The Funds may include investment partnerships
or other investment entities formed under foreign laws and operated as qualifying
private funds under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Funds generally will
have a minimum investment amount as provided in the relevant Client
Documentation. With respect to US investors, Fund interests will be offered and
sold solely to US investors, including affiliates of Adviser, who are qualified
purchasers and accredited investors that are also qualified clients. Minimum
investment amounts may be waived pursuant to the applicable Client
Documentation.
Adviser also expects to provide investment advisory services to institutional SMA
clients including corporate pension and profit-sharing plans, trusts, estates,
charitable organizations, municipalities, foreign financial institutions and sovereign
wealth funds, endowments, corporations and business entities (including affiliated
and unaffiliated insurance companies), and other affiliated entities. Generally,
Adviser's SMA clients will be required to meet net worth and other requirements
as set forth in the applicable Client Documentation.
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Adviser is a private investment firm with a strong track record of building value
through the repositioning, redevelopment and intensive management of real estate
assets and the operational improvement of corporate entities with real estate assets.
Adviser's investment advisory services consist of identifying and evaluating
investment opportunities, negotiating investments, managing and monitoring
investments and achieving dispositions for investments.
Adviser uses fundamental and technical analysis to formulate client investment
opportunities. In addition, Adviser may consider industry research, economic
theory, quantitative methods and market data.
There can be no assurance that Adviser will achieve the investment objectives of
any Fund or SMA, and a loss of investment is possible.
Investment Risks Investing involves a risk of loss that clients of Adviser should be prepared to bear.
Investments are suitable only for persons who can bear the economic risk of the
loss of their entire investment, have a limited need for liquidity in their investment
and meet the conditions set forth in Client Documentation. Clients should carefully
consider, among other factors, the following material risks involved with Adviser's
investment strategies.
The following should not be considered and does not purport to be a summary of
all of the risks associated with Adviser's investment strategies. Rather the following
are risks which Adviser reasonably believes to be material or unique relative to the
particular investment strategies or methods Adviser employs. Clients should
consult their own legal, tax and financial advisors, prior to engaging Adviser as a
manager.
SMAs and Funds will be limited to certain types of investments and will not be
diversified by asset type. An SMA advised or managed by Adviser or investment
in a Fund advised by Adviser is not a complete investment program. Clients are
responsible for appropriately diversifying their assets to guard against the risk of
loss.
Real Estate Ownership Risks. Investing in real estate is subject to numerous risks.
Strategies will be subject to all the risks inherent in the ownership of real estate,
such as fluctuations in occupancy rates, increases in energy costs and other
expenses, variations in rental schedules, local economic conditions, supply and
demand for housing, zoning laws and other laws and regulations. Since certain
costs of owning and operating real estate are fixed and do not generally decrease
with declines in occupancy rates, the cost of operating a property may exceed the
income generated therefrom. If a property does not maintain high occupancy
levels, it may not generate sufficient revenue to pay all of its expenses and to meet
the debt service requirements of its mortgage. If any operating entity receives
government assistance, the applicable government agency may be unable or
unwilling to permit rent increases necessary to pay increased operating expenses,
or the effectiveness of permitted rent increases may lag behind increases in
operating expenses. Moreover, in affordable housing investments increases in rents
could result in some tenants and apartment units losing their low-income status and
a concomitant reduction in the tax credits of that operating entity and recapture of
a portion of the tax credits previously taken.
General Real Estate Considerations. Real estate historically has experienced
significant fluctuations and cycles in value that may result in reductions in the value
of real estate-related investments. The marketability and value of the investments
undertaken by Adviser on behalf of its clients depends on many factors beyond the
control of Adviser. The ultimate performance of such investments is subject to the
varying degrees of risk generally incident to the financing, ownership, market and
operation of the underlying real property. The ultimate value of a client account's
investment in the underlying real property depends upon the real property owner's
ability to operate the real property in a manner sufficient to maintain or increase
revenues in excess of operating expenses and debt service or, in the case of all
properties, the ability of any lessees to make rental payments.
Real estate investments are subject to various risks, including:
▪ acts of God, including earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters,
which may result in uninsured losses;
▪ acts of war or terrorism, including the consequences of terrorist attacks;
▪ adverse changes in national and local economic and market
conditions including local markets with a significant exposure to the
energy sector, which may be affected by the current low prices of oil
and related gas that could adversely affect the success of tenants in
that industry;
▪ changes in governmental laws and regulations (including their
interpretations), fiscal policies (and in the availability, cost and terms
of mortgage funds) and zoning ordinances and the related costs of
compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and ordinances;
▪ costs of remediation and liabilities associated with environmental
conditions such as indoor mold;
▪ the potential for uninsured or under-insured property losses;
▪ the financial condition of tenants, buyers and sellers of properties; and
▪ competition from other properties offering the same or similar services.
These risks will be more severe during periods of economic slowdown or recession
if these periods are accompanied by declining real estate values. Declining real
estate values would likely reduce the level of new mortgage and other real estate-
related loan originations since borrowers often use appreciation in the value of their
existing properties to support the purchase or investment in additional properties.
Borrowers may also be less able to pay principal and interest on loans if the value
of real estate declines. Further, declining real estate values significantly increase
the likelihood that Adviser's clients' portfolios will incur losses on loans in the event
of default because the value of the collateral may be insufficient to cover the
remaining obligation due on the loan. Any sustained period of increased payment
delinquencies, foreclosures or losses could adversely affect Adviser's ability to
invest in and sell.
Risks of Development and Repositioning. Client portfolios may include direct or
indirect investment in properties under development, properties that are not fully
leased, and properties that are to be rehabilitated or altered prior to being leased.
Completion of construction and leasing may be delayed by numerous factors
beyond the control of Adviser or the entity in which Adviser invests which is
managing the property, including strikes, adverse weather, labor or material
shortages, regulatory delays, and defaults by contractors. Properties that are being
constructed, rehabilitated or altered, or which are not fully leased, are subject to
greater risks than properties that are complete and leased. Construction delays,
overruns, and defects may adversely affect costs of completion, cash flow, value,
and the ability to obtain financing.
Risks of Real Estate Lending. Adviser may invest client portfolios in real estate-
related debt investments, including loans that are subordinated to other loans made
to the same borrower. These types of investments are subject to the risk of default
by the borrower, mismanagement or decline in the value of the collateral for the
loan, and the cost, delay and uncertainty associated with enforcement following
default, including the bankruptcy of the debtor and claims of lender liability or
violation of usury or other laws. Real estate-related debt investments are also
subject to inflation risk where the interest rate is fixed.
Joint Venture and Other Non-Wholly-Owned Investments. Adviser may invest
client portfolios in partnerships or other joint ventures with other persons. Client
portfolios and such other entities may purchase interests in REIT operating
partnerships or other real estate joint ventures in the secondary market. Joint
venture investments may involve risks not otherwise present, including, for
example, the possibility that a co-venturer might become bankrupt, or may at any
time have tax, economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with
those of Adviser, or that such co-venturers may be in a position to take action
contrary to the client's policies or objectives. Joint venture investments may also
have the potential risk of impasse on decisions because neither co-venturer would
have full control over the joint venture. In addition, the entities through which the
client assets are invested may be liable for actions of its co-venturers or partners.
Use of Leverage. With respect to Adviser's equity strategy, certain entities in which
Adviser invests client portfolios directly or indirectly are expected to borrow to
make investments. These entities may also enter into derivative transactions that
create investment leverage. A decline in the value of a client's investment portfolio
could further increase leverage. Leverage increases financial risk by magnifying
the impact of a reduction in property cash flow on net operating income after
interest available to the client's portfolio and similarly magnifies the impact that a
decrease in the value of investments would have on the net asset value of the client's
portfolio. If the entities in which Adviser invests the client's portfolio have
insufficient cash flow to pay required debt service, lenders to these entities could
foreclose on the collateral securing their debt. Entities in which Adviser invests the
client's portfolio may hold a substantial number of assets and may represent a
material portion of the net asset value of the client's portfolio. These entities may
structure financings with recourse limited to specified assets or may become liable
without limitation on borrowings, in which event a loss associated with a default
under the financing would not be limited to a particular investment.
With respect to Adviser's debt strategy, client accounts' performance is dependent
upon the ability to use leverage. Such client accounts' ability to obtain the leverage
necessary on attractive terms depends upon many factors including market
conditions and the client accounts' performance. The failure to obtain leverage at
the contemplated advance rates, pricing and other terms could have a material
adverse effect on such client accounts. Leverage creates an opportunity for
increased returns, but at the same time creates risks. There can be no assurance that
such client accounts' use of leverage will prove to be beneficial. Moreover, there
can be no assurance that such client accounts will be able to meet their debt service
obligations and, to the extent that they cannot, such client accounts risk the loss of
some or all of their assets or a financial loss if the client accounts are required to
liquidate assets at a commercially inopportune time. In addition, the debt may be
recourse for such client accounts so an impairment or potential impairment of an
investment may create a risk of loss of some or all of their assets.
Adviser may cause certain clients to guarantee debt incurred by entities in which it
invests directly or indirectly and to secure such guaranties with security interests in
assets of the client's portfolio. In that event, a default on indebtedness guaranteed
by a client could be expected to affect the client's portfolio directly as well as
indirectly through the decline in value of the indirect investment in the borrowing
entity.
Size and Absence of Diversification. The level of diversification which can be
achieved and maintained within a client's portfolio depends on the portfolio, and
any parallel investment accounts and vehicles managed by Adviser, achieving, and
maintaining sufficient size. There can be no assurance that any client's portfolio
will be as diversified as is desirable. If the client's portfolio or the entities through
which it invests do not achieve and maintain sufficient size, Adviser's ability to
select among desirable investments and markets, and negotiate attractive terms,
may be adversely affected.
Illiquidity of Investments. Equity real estate investments, and in many cases debt
real estate investments, are illiquid. Such illiquidity will limit the ability of Adviser
to vary client portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other
conditions.
Default Risk. If there is a default on a loan or other instrument in a client portfolio,
the defaulted borrower often ceases to fund its obligations as they become due. The
defaulting borrower usually becomes subject to lengthy and substantial workout
negotiations or restructuring, often resulting in, a reduction in interest rates on
obligations, a write-down of principal and/or change in the terms, conditions,
covenants with respect to the defaulted obligation, all of which can be substantial;
including the possibility that equity of the borrower will be issued in exchange for
the original obligation, in whole or in part. While loans are often secured by
collateral, losses can result from default and foreclosure. The value of the
underlying collateral, the creditworthiness of the obligor and the priority of the lien
will have a significant impact on the potential recovery of a defaulted investment.
There is no assurance that the liquidation proceeds of collateral will be sufficient to
satisfy the entire outstanding balance of principal and interest on the loan, resulting
in a possible loss of all or part of an investment in a client portfolio.
Risks Associated with Bankruptcy Cases. Bankruptcy cases are adversarial and
may be lengthy. While creditors generally are afforded an opportunity to object to
significant actions in bankruptcy proceedings, there can be no assurance that a
bankruptcy court would not approve actions that may be contrary to the interests of
clients. If Adviser were determined to have taken over management and functional
operating control of a debtor, it could lose its ranking and priority as a creditor.
Reorganizations can involve substantial legal, professional and administrative
costs, are subject to unpredictable and lengthy delays and, during the reorganization
process, the company's competitive position may erode, key management may
depart and the company may not be able to invest adequately. Certain
administrative costs and claims that have priority by law over the claims of certain
creditors (for example, claims for taxes) may be quite high.
Investment in companies domiciled outside the United States involves additional
risks. The law and process in such jurisdictions may differ substantially from that
in the United States, resulting in greater uncertainty as to the rights of creditors, the
enforceability of such rights, reorganization timing and the classification, seniority
and treatment of claims. While Adviser generally favors jurisdictions where it
believes the rule of law is clear, well-developed and respected, there can be no
assurance that the outcome of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, particularly
in jurisdictions outside the United States, will result in a favorable outcome.
On behalf of one or more clients, Adviser may serve on creditors' committees,
official or unofficial, equity holders' committees or other groups to seek to preserve
or enhance such client's position as a creditor or equity holder. A member of any
such committee or group may owe certain obligations generally to all parties
similarly situated that the committee represents. If Adviser concludes that its
obligations owed to the other parties as a committee or group member conflict with
its duties owed to its clients, it may be necessary to resign from that committee or
group if such conflict cannot be appropriately resolved, and clients may not realize
the benefits, if any, of participation on the committee or group.
Valuation Risk. Valuation of investments in client portfolios (which can be used to
determine the amount of Adviser management and performance-based fees and
calculate Adviser's performance track record data) will involve uncertainties and
judgmental determinations, and if such valuations should prove to be incorrect,
clients could be adversely affected. Independent pricing information may not be
available or reliable. Certain investments will be difficult to value and be subject to
varying interpretations of value and on certain occasions will need to be valued by
Adviser. While Adviser's valuation methodologies are intended to be fair, there is
no assurance that this will be the case and independent verifications of such
valuations should not be expected.
Distressed Assets Risk. Investments in real estate that is distressed, non-
performing, under-performing, undercapitalized, subject to liquidity constraints or
otherwise troubled. Although such investments may offer the opportunity to realize
returns, they involve a substantial degree of risk, and there can be no assurance that
there will be any return of capital. Furthermore, investments operating in
insolvency may, in certain circumstances, be subordinated to third-party creditors,
including lender liability, which could exceed the value of the original
investment. In addition, under certain circumstances, payments to the holders of
such investments may be reclaimed (and required to be returned) if any such
payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance
or a preferential payment under applicable law. Bankruptcy laws may delay the
ability of investors in distressed assets to liquidate collateral for loan positions or
may adversely affect the priority of such loans through doctrines such as equitable
subordination, among others.
Concentration Risk. A strategy that concentrates investments in particular issuers,
countries, industries, sectors, or asset classes has greater exposure than other
strategies to market, economic and other factors affecting those components.
Counterparty Risk. Certain accounts are subject to credit risk (meaning the risk of
adverse changes in an issuer's real or perceived financial strength) with respect to
counterparties to derivatives and other financial contracts entered into by Adviser
on behalf of the client. Adverse changes to counterparties may cause the value of
financial contracts to go down. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise
fails to perform its obligations due to financial difficulties, the value of investments
in the account may decline.
Market Volatility Risk. The value of investments may decline due to changing
economic or market conditions. Economic or market developments can affect a
single industry, economic sector or geographic region, or the market as a whole.
Different parts of the market and different types of investments can react differently
to these developments. Every investment has some level of market volatility risk.
Competition; Availability of Investments. There is a high degree of competition
for attractive investments. There can be no assurance that Adviser will be able to
identify or successfully pursue and obtain investment opportunities in all market
conditions. Competition for suitable investments will reduce the availability of
investment opportunities.
Diverse Client Group. Clients will have conflicting investment, tax and other
interests with respect to each of their respective investments in a given deal. As
such, conflicts of interest are expected to arise among clients participating in
overlapping investments. In making investment decisions as the investment
manager, Adviser considers the investment and tax objective of the investment as
a whole.
Business and Regulatory Risks. Legal, tax and regulatory changes in the United
States and outside the United States could occur and likely will affect clients and
Adviser. In addition, the financial markets are subject to comprehensive statutes,
regulations and margin requirements. The SEC, other regulators and self-regulatory
organizations and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the
event of market emergencies. Legal, tax, and regulatory changes, as well as judicial
decisions, could adversely affect the implementation of Adviser's investment
strategy. Alternatively, new United States or non-United States rules or legislation
regulating clients or Adviser are likely to be adopted, and the possible scope of any
rules or legislation is unknown. There can be no assurances that clients or Adviser
will not in the future be subject to regulatory review or discipline. The effect of any
regulatory changes or developments on clients or the financial markets will be
expected to affect the manner in which Adviser performs its advisory services. The
effect of any future regulatory change could be substantial and adverse and is
beyond the control of Adviser.
Political Uncertainty Risk. The United States markets, as well as other markets to
which client accounts are exposed, may experience political uncertainty and/or
change (e.g., Brexit or other policy shifts) that subjects investments to heightened
risks. These heightened risks may include: greater fluctuations in currency
exchange rates; increased risk of default (by both government and private issuers);
greater social, economic, and political instability (including the risk of war or
terrorist activity); governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental
supervision and regulation of the securities markets and market participants;
controls or restrictions on foreign investment, capital controls, ability to exchange
currencies; inability to purchase and sell investments or otherwise settle security or
derivative transactions (i.e., a market freeze); unavailability of currency hedging
techniques.
During times of political uncertainty, the global securities, derivatives and currency
markets often become more volatile. There also may be a lower level of monitoring
and regulation of markets while a country is experiencing political uncertainty, and
the activities of investors in such markets and enforcement of existing regulations
may become more limited.
Markets experiencing political uncertainty may have substantial, and in some
periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid
fluctuations in inflation rates may have negative effects on such countries'
economies and securities markets.
There can be no assurance that political changes or policy decisions, directly or
indirectly, will not cause a client to suffer a loss of any or all of its investments or,
in the case of fixed income investments, interest thereon.
Currency Risks. Investments are subject to the risk that the value of a particular
currency will change in relation to one or more other currencies, including,
generally, the currency in which the books of the client are kept and currencies in
which contributions and distributions generally will be made. Among the factors
that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short term interest
rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-
term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation and political
developments. Clients may incur costs in converting investment proceeds from one
currency to another. Investments in any country in which U.S. dollars are not the
local currency may be affected by such changes in the value of foreign exchange
between the U.S. dollar and such currency. Such changes may
have an adverse effect
on the value, price or income of the investment to such investors. There may also
be foreign exchange regulations applicable to investments in non-U.S. currencies
in certain jurisdictions.
Information Technology Security Risk. Adviser employs information technology
systems, consisting of end-user computers and devices, infrastructure, applications
and communications networks to support Adviser's business operations. Systems,
networks and devices can nevertheless be breached and Adviser and its clients
could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach. Cybersecurity
breaches can include unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices;
infection from computer viruses or other malicious software code; and attacks that
shut down, disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes or
website access, functionality or cause corruption of sensitive and confidential
information. Cybersecurity breaches will cause disruptions and impact Adviser's
business operations potentially resulting in a financial loss to clients due to
interference with Adviser's ability to monitor client portfolios, violations of privacy
law, regulatory fines and penalties, reputational damage or additional compliance
costs. Adviser seeks to mitigate attacks on its systems; however, such measures
cannot provide absolute security. Adviser will not be able to directly control the
risks of third-party systems to which Adviser relies upon or connects. Any breach
in security of the systems that Adviser relies upon could disrupt its business and its
ability to provide services to clients and will cause clients to suffer, among other
things, financial losses, disruption of business, liability to third parties, regulatory
intervention and/or reputational damage. Any of the foregoing can have a material
adverse effect on Adviser and clients' portfolios.
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Adviser has not been involved in legal or disciplinary events that are material to a
client's evaluation of Adviser's advisory business or the integrity of its personnel.
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Material Relationships with Industry Participants Adviser is affiliated with other entities engaged in the financial services business
and, in some cases, has business arrangements with such entities that are material
to its advisory business or to its clients. These are described in more detail below
and, in some cases, cause Adviser's or an Adviser Related Party's (as defined below)
interests to conflict with the interests of a client.
As noted in Item 4, Adviser is jointly owned by Eldridge and Holne. A list of certain
Adviser affiliated entities is provided on Schedule D of Form ADV, Part 1 at Item
7.A. (Part 1 of Form ADV can be accessed by following the directions provided on
the cover page of this Brochure.)
As noted in Item 4, Adviser will manage Cain International's real estate investment
portfolio under investment advisory agreements between Adviser and Cain
International. Cain International will also be an investor in, or co-investor
alongside, Funds.
As described above, Adviser is affiliated with Jersey Manager, which will serve as
manager to the Funds that Adviser expects to establish in the future.
Adviser is affiliated with Fortwell Capital Limited ("Fortwell"), a private limited
company incorporated in England and Wales and whose principal place of business
is the United Kingdom. Fortwell originates and services commercial real estate
loans, primarily in the United Kingdom, in the form of structured finance, short-
term finance and development finance products for institutional sponsors of
commercial real estate projects. Cain International II LP, which is jointly owned
by Eldridge and Holne, owns a majority stake in Fortwell. Adviser anticipates that
its clients, based on their particular investment mandates, will not seek to
participate in the types of investments that Fortwell originates, although Adviser
expects that its affiliates will participate in Fortwell-originated investments.
Eldridge owns directly or indirectly businesses that operate within a number of
industries, including the financial services industry. Currently, one of these,
Security Benefit Life Insurance Company ("SBL") has material business
relationships with Adviser. SBL is a Kansas insurance company that specializes in
fixed, fixed indexed and variable annuities. SBL and certain of its affiliates will be
clients of Adviser and/or investors or co-investors in Funds. Also, SBL will provide
financing to Cain International and/or holding companies in which the Funds have
invested.
Adviser is affiliated through common ownership with CBAM Partners, LLC
("CBAM Partners"), a registered investment adviser, and CBAM CLO
Management LLC ("CBM"), which is registered with the SEC as a "relying
adviser" of CBAM Partners (together with CBAM Partners, "CBAM"). CBAM
offers investment advisory services primarily focused on credit and value-oriented
investments to a variety of institutional clients through separately managed
accounts and private funds.
Adviser is affiliated through common ownership with Maranon Capital, L.P.,
("Maranon Capital"), a registered investment adviser. Maranon Capital offers
investment advisory services primarily focused on senior credit, mezzanine
investments and equity co-investments to a variety of institutional clients through
separately managed accounts and private funds.
Conflicts of Interest relating to Affiliated Industry Participants Eldridge, Cain International and each of their network of direct and indirect
subsidiaries and their respective employees, officers and directors including those
described above but excluding Adviser (collectively, the "Adviser Related
Parties"), engage in a number of businesses with a broad array of products and
services and the resulting transactions create a variety of actual or potential
conflicts of interest with clients and Adviser's activities on behalf of clients. The
following discussion briefly summarizes some of these conflicts and should be read
together with Item 11's discussion of conflicts associated with an economic interest
in client transactions. These Items are not intended to include an exhaustive list of
all such conflicts. Clients should carefully review the Client Documentation, which
may contain further information on conflicts of interest.
▪ Adviser and its personnel have received loans from, or from time to time in
the future receive loans from, Adviser Related Parties which could create
an incentive to favor such Adviser Related Parties over other clients.
▪ Adviser Related Parties, including Eldridge, engage in investment
operations that may be substantially similar to and/or competitive with
opportunities in which Adviser's clients have invested or which are
appropriate for Adviser's clients. Eldridge and its management personnel
and other Adviser Related Parties may, but are under no obligation to, share
any such research or opportunities with Adviser. Moreover, Eldridge, its
management personnel and other Adviser Related Parties may invest on
behalf of themselves in such opportunities. This may result in financial
benefits to Eldridge, its management personnel and other Adviser Related
Parties that are not experienced by Adviser or its clients.
▪ To the extent Adviser and other Adviser Related Parties have overlapping
investments or similar investment strategies, Adviser Related Parties may
give advice or take action for their own accounts advised by Adviser that
differ from, potentially conflict with or are adverse to advice given or action
taken by Adviser for any other Adviser clients.
In addition to the conflicts referenced above and elsewhere in this Brochure, various
potential and actual conflicts of interest can arise from the overall advisory,
investment, capital markets and other activities of Adviser, its clients, Adviser
Related Parties, and other affiliated parties. Adviser has policies and procedures
reasonably designed to monitor for, mitigate and resolve conflicts that may arise in
a manner it deems reasonable and equitable under the prevailing facts and
circumstances. Adviser's determination as to which factors are relevant and how
reasonably to resolve such conflicts will be made in Adviser's sole discretion,
unless otherwise required by the terms of the Client Documentation or applicable
law. There is no assurance that any specific conflict can or will be identified and
resolved in favor of any particular client's interest or clients generally.
The potential material conflicts referred to herein that arise from the activities of
Adviser, its clients, Adviser Related Parties and other affiliated entities include, but
may not be limited to, those discussed above and elsewhere in this Brochure.
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Personal Trading Code of Ethics Adviser has adopted a code of ethics that sets forth the standards of conduct
expected of all personnel providing services to clients ("Advisory Persons") and
requires compliance with applicable securities laws ("Code of Ethics").
The Code of Ethics contains written policies reasonably designed to prevent the
unlawful use of material non-public information by Adviser or any of its Advisory
Persons. Prospective clients and clients may contact Adviser at the telephone
number or email listed on the cover of this Brochure to request a copy of its Code
of Ethics. Adviser appointed an individual to serve as Chief Compliance Officer
who, together with senior management,
will be responsible for monitoring and
enforcing the Code of Ethics.
The Code of Ethics may be described briefly as follows: The Code of Ethics states
that Advisory Persons should strive to be judicious, accurate, objective and
reasonable in dealing with both clients and other parties, and that the personal
integrity of Advisory Persons is paramount. Further, the policies provide that all
Advisory Persons must act within the spirit and the letter of all federal, state, and
local laws and regulations pertaining to the securities business, and at all times, the
interest of each Adviser client has precedence over any personal interest.
The Code of Ethics requires Advisory Persons to report their personal securities
transactions and prohibits Advisory Persons from directly or indirectly engaging in
certain securities transactions without first obtaining approval.
In addition, the Code of Ethics requires Advisory Persons to comply with
procedures designed to prevent the misuse of, or trading upon, material non-public
information.
Allocation of Investment Opportunities Adviser advises multiple clients with similar investment strategies. If an investment
opportunity is appropriate for more than one client, Adviser determines which
clients participate in the investment opportunity and to what extent. This could
result in a client receiving no allocation of a particular investment or receiving an
allocation of an investment which is less than it would otherwise have received if
Adviser did not have multiple clients. Adviser has policies and procedures designed
to allocate investment opportunities to clients in a manner it deems to be fair and
equitable taken as a whole over time, consistent with the client's investment
strategy, guidelines and objectives. To the greatest extent possible, Adviser makes
investment decisions for each client independently from those of other clients and
with specific reference to the individual needs, objectives, investment strategy, and
risk profile of each client. Investment opportunities are allocated on a best-fit basis,
taking into account various factors and considerations applicable to each client,
including: investment policies and objectives; risk parameters or tolerance;
investable and/or available capital commitments; time horizons; liquidity and
diversification considerations or requirements; availability and suitability of any
leverage arrangements; different tax, legal, and regulatory considerations; whether
the investment relates to an existing investment by an existing client (e.g., a follow-
on investment); hedging considerations; and other factors or reasons considered
relevant by Adviser and any other factors disclosed in the relevant Client
Documentation. As such, Adviser's policy affords it substantial discretion in
allocating investment opportunities and such discretion will affect client
performance.
Where the best-fit analysis does not produce a single client to which the opportunity
should be allocated, such investment opportunities will be allocated on a pro rata
basis amongst all clients for which the relevant opportunity is considered to be best
fit by Adviser. Where a client holds an interest directly linked to the investment
offered, Adviser will first consider whether the opportunity is most appropriate for
that client. However, a different allocation may be applied as considered
appropriate by Adviser acting in good faith taking into account the interests of each
relevant client and considerations such as those described above.
Adviser may not make all co-investment opportunities available to all clients.
Unless provided to the contrary in Client Documentation, Adviser will select co-
investors in its sole discretion such that some, but not all clients may be granted the
right to participate in a co-investment. Whether or not Adviser may offer a co-
investment opportunity to a client or Fund investor will be based on the particular
nature of each co-investment opportunity, and factors may include an investor's
experience underwriting a particular type of asset and ability to provide funding on
an accelerated basis.
It is likely that certain clients will not participate in the gains or losses realized by
other clients with similar investment objectives and it is unlikely that all client
portfolios will hold the same positions or will perform similarly, even when clients
share the same investment strategy and/or investment objective.
Investment opportunities that are presented to Adviser Related Parties or their
officers, directors, employees or agents by third parties do not fall within Adviser's
allocation policies and procedures to the extent they are not presented directly to
Adviser.
Adviser Interest in Client Transactions Affiliate Transactions and Cross Trades
Unless prohibited by Client Documentation, Adviser can make investments that
result in the payment of fees or remuneration to affiliates of Adviser providing
services ancillary to Adviser's advisory services. These are in addition to
management, performance-based and other fees described in Items 5 and 7 which
are paid for Adviser's advisory services. They include:
•
Arranger/Facility Agent/Security Agent. One or more affiliates of Adviser
may be engaged in the loan origination and/or loan servicing businesses. In
connection with such activities, such affiliates may receive certain fees,
including, arranger, syndication, agency and security agency, origination,
sourcing, structuring and other fees received as part of such loan origination
and/or loan servicing businesses. The client may acquire loans originated,
structured, arranged and/or placed by such affiliates that receive such fees.
Unless the Client Documentation specifically provides for an offset against
management fees or other fees payable by the client, the client will bear
such fees directly or indirectly (e.g., by the issuers of financial instruments
held by the client).
•
Development Manager/Property Asset Manager. One or more affiliates of
Adviser may be engaged in the development management business with
respect to holding companies in which Adviser's clients are invested. In
connection with such activities, such affiliates may receive certain fees,
including development manager and/or property asset management fees.
•
Non-Investment Advisory Administrative/Support. One or more affiliates of
Adviser may be engaged in the business of providing non-investment
advisory services to Adviser Related Parties, clients or other parties. In
connection with such activities, such affiliates may receive certain services
fees.
All of the foregoing fees are expected to be retained by such affiliates of Adviser.
Except as required by Client Documentation, such fees or remuneration generally
are in addition to and do not reduce or offset the fees paid in connection with
Adviser's advisory services. The receipt of such fees by Adviser's affiliates
potentially creates an incentive to make investments that give rise to additional
compensation. To mitigate this conflict, Adviser generally seeks to: (a) evaluate the
transaction to determine if it appears to be a favorable investment for the
participating clients, (b) review the fairness of the fees, including considering
whether fees are consistent with an arms' length transaction, (c) allocate
opportunities in accordance with Adviser's allocation policy, and/or (d) provide
appropriate disclosure to impacted clients.
•
Cross Trades. Pursuant to Client Documentation and disclosures to clients,
Adviser, from time to time, effects certain cross trades between and among
client accounts, i.e., transactions directly between two different clients. For
example, Adviser might arrange for one client which is liquidating its
portfolio or a particular investment, to sell all or part of that investment or
that portfolio to another client, which client might be ramping up its
investment portfolio. In such cases, Adviser's interest can conflict with
those of the relevant clients or the interests of one client participating in the
cross-trade conflict with the interests of the other client participating in that
trade. Transactions between the same clients or clients owned directly or
indirectly by the same investors are not considered to be "cross trades", as
there is no change in actual or beneficial ownership.
•
Principal Transactions. An affiliate of Adviser, or a Fund in which Adviser
or its affiliates own more than 25%, may sell to or purchase from a client of
Adviser part or all of an existing asset. Such a transaction generally would
be deemed a "principal transaction" and, where not prohibited by Client
Documentation may be pursued in accordance with applicable law and in
the best interest of the client.
•
Co-Investments. In addition to the potential conflicts with respect to co-
investments discussed above
, Adviser may recommend or cause clients to
participate in investments or transactions in which Adviser Related Parties
have controlling interests or other financial relationships or interests
(including but not limited to directorships or equivalent roles). Unless
otherwise required by the terms of the Client Documentation or applicable
law, Adviser Related Parties (other than Advisory Persons) are generally
entitled to, and expected to, pursue their own interests where diverging from
client interests.
•
Carried Interest. With respect to Funds, an affiliate of Adviser will be
entitled to carried interest above a hurdle. Please see our discussion of
potential conflicts with respect to carried interest/performance fees in Item
6.
In all of these cases, Adviser may have an incentive to act, or refrain from acting,
on behalf of its clients in order to advance the pecuniary or other interests of
Adviser Related Parties. Adviser has policies and procedures designed to address
these conflicts. Adviser seeks to act consistent with its fiduciary duties to clients,
including affiliated clients, and to treat all such clients equitably and consistent with
applicable law. When Adviser engages in principal transactions, it will seek to
comply with the requirements of the Advisers Act, including disclosure to and
consent of the client or a client's independent review party or board of directors.
When Adviser recommends or effects a cross trade or principal transaction, it will
endeavor to ensure that the transaction occurs at a price that is fair to all applicable
parties, as discussed below.
Side Letter Conflicts
Adviser may grant certain investors in a Fund certain rights that may give them
influence over investment criteria or portfolio guidelines of each Fund. This may
result in certain investors having preferential rights over others. An investor in a
Fund should expect some other investors to have more favorable rights and terms
with respect to that Fund. An investor with such preferential rights will act in its
own interests and these interests may not align with the interests of other investors.
Capital Structure Conflicts
There will be situations in which Adviser invests client assets in certain parts or
particular issuances or financing of an entity's capital structure at the same time that
other clients or Adviser Related Parties are investing in or holding positions in
different parts of that same entity's (or a related entity's) capital structure. These
situations include, for example, investments in instruments that have differing
priorities (senior or subordinated loans), have differing levels of risk and yield or
return, and/or have differing levels or types of rights and benefits. In such situations
certain conflicts may arise among the interests of third-party clients, affiliated
clients and Adviser Related Parties, including conflicts involving: (i) Adviser's
determination to enforce or not enforce certain rights on behalf of its clients which
may have an adverse effect on the interests of Adviser Related Parties or affiliated
clients and vice versa, (ii) Adviser's incentive to make investment decisions which
may either facilitate or result in more favorable terms for a proposed investment by
Adviser Related Parties in a particular entity, or (iii) Adviser's incentive to preserve
or protect the value or rights associated with an investment of an Adviser Related
Party in a particular entity, which may have an adverse effect on the interests of
clients.
In such situations, the interests of one group of clients conflicts with those of other
clients and/or Adviser Related Parties investing in the same entity. In managing
such investments, Adviser considers the interests of affected clients but also at
times could pursue or enforce rights on behalf of some clients in a manner that
results in an adverse effect on other clients with a different type of investment in
the same entity. These potential conflicts of interests between clients, including
affiliated clients, may become more pronounced in situations in which the entity
experiences financial or operational challenges. For example, Adviser Related
Parties, on behalf of themselves, or Adviser on behalf of clients, may have tax,
economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent and determine to
foreclose on loans, take steps to put an issuer or borrower into default, or seek a
liquidation of the collateral that adversely affects other clients of Adviser. Adviser
may also sponsor or support restructuring, recapitalization or similar workout
arrangements for an obligation upon default by an entity in which different clients
hold different investments. In such circumstances, accounts holding different
types of investments will be affected according to the right associated with the type
of investment in their account. Any of the foregoing could also adversely affect the
prices and availability of other securities or instruments issued by that particular
entity that may be held or considered for investment for other clients. Although
certain of these conflicts cannot be mitigated, Adviser's policies and procedures
could result in the use of separate legal counsel (e.g., where the conflict involves
an Adviser Related Party) or other discretionary techniques to seek to separately
attend to the differing interests or rights of different sets of clients and/or investors.
These policies and procedures are intended to supplement any other requirements
relating to such investments as may be disclosed in the offering materials,
disclosure documents and/or other Client Documentation.
Other Ancillary Benefits and Conflicts
Adviser or Adviser Related Parties may have an existing relationship with, or
financial interest in, industry participants (including service providers) that benefit
from investments or investment decisions recommended by Adviser to clients.
Further, where consistent with its fiduciary duties, Adviser can invest on behalf of
clients in loans or interests of companies which are or their senior executives are
also clients of Adviser or other persons who have personal and/or business
relationships with Adviser Related Parties. While Adviser makes investments
which it determines in its reasonable discretion to be for the benefit of participating
clients, in this case, such investments will not be for the exclusive benefit of
participating clients but will also benefit other clients, Adviser Related Parties or
Adviser.
Valuation As set forth in client documentation, Adviser makes value determinations with
respect to certain investments in clients' portfolios. Adviser's role in determining
the fair value to be assigned to any investment may pose a conflict because Adviser
has an incentive to value investment either higher or lower, as the case may be, in
order to affect client performance or to generate increased management or
performance fees. Adviser's valuation policies are designated to monitor, mitigate
and resolve such conflicts.
Overall, Adviser seeks to record the value of debt instruments at amortized cost less
impairment in line with current Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
(“GAAP”) or International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as specified in
the relevant client documentation. Adviser reviews each debt instrument for
impairment triggers on at least a quarterly basis and applies any impairment to the
carrying value of the debt instrument if and when determined appropriate in
Adviser’s discretion. The difference between the carrying value recorded for a debt
instrument at any particular time and the ultimate amount which may be repaid or
recovered could be material.
For equity, equity-like investments and derivatives, Adviser fair values such
investments in line with current GAAP or IFRS. Where possible, Adviser will seek
to base these valuations on market prices or third-party data. When third-party data
or market prices are not readily available or if any third-party valuations are deemed
by Adviser in good faith to be unavailable or unreliable, Adviser’s valuations may
not be based on a third party, independent determination. The fair values assigned
by Adviser to such investments may not correspond, at the time, to an amount at
which an investment could be or is actually purchased or sold. The difference
between the fair value assigned to an investment at any particular time and the
ultimate price for which such investment could be sold, could be material.
The valuation of all liquid investments and hedging transactions will be performed
at least quarterly and such assets will be valued at market value each quarter. This
valuation will be obtained by reference to the counterparty value and independent
pricing sources. Valuations shall be prepared in accordance with GAAP or IFRS
on a fair market basis and, if required, adjusted in accordance with valuation
standards determined applicable by Adviser.
Investments that are valued by Adviser may not have reliable market values. The
carry value or fair value assigned to such investments, as determined in good faith
by Adviser in accordance with its valuation policies, may not match the next
available and reliable market price or empirical value and, in retrospect, may not
have been the price at which the investment could have been purchased or sold.
In some cases, identical investments in clients’ accounts could be valued differently
for different clients. For example, this occurs when pursuant to the relevant client
documentation, valuation guidelines or valuation agents differ from one client to
another. In general, Adviser will value investments for purposes of calculating
management and performance based fees using the same methodology for all
clients.
Adviser Personnel Outside Activities Advisory Persons have non-investment related outside business interests in which
clients will have no interest. Such Advisory Persons have a conflict with respect to
allocating time and services between clients and outside activities. Advisory
Persons expect to devote as much time to the management of client portfolios as
Adviser deems appropriate to perform its obligations in accordance with its duties
and responsibilities under Client Documentation.
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Adviser does not currently have a contractual relationship with or utilize the
services of any securities broker-dealers in connection with the real estate
transactions in which it engages on behalf of clients. The business of Adviser
generally does not involve securities broker-dealers, or directing clients to execute
transactions (through broker-dealers or otherwise), nor do clients direct Adviser to
engage securities broker-dealers.
Aggregation Adviser may aggregate a transaction for a client with that of other clients (including
affiliates) from time to time for the efficient execution of transactions for the benefit
of all clients. Adviser may not carry out a client transaction in aggregation with
another client transaction unless it is unlikely that the aggregation of transactions
will work overall to the disadvantage of any client whose transaction is to be
aggregated. Typically Adviser will aggregate transactions in line with its execution
policy to achieve the best possible result for the client. However, Adviser may face
a conflict of interest when negotiating transactions in the aggregate on behalf of
multiple clients because negotiation of terms (other than price) will not necessarily
benefit all clients equally, for example, given differences in risk, liquidity, and other
preferences and rights.
Adviser will not receive any additional compensation of any kind as a result of an
aggregated order.
Best Execution
When executing transactions or placing orders with other persons for execution on
behalf of clients, Adviser will take all reasonable steps to obtain Best Execution in
respect of relevant Investments.
"Best Execution" means, in relation to Adviser's execution of a transaction or the
placing of an order with other persons for execution on behalf of clients, the best
possible result for the client in accordance with its execution policy.
In securing such Best Execution, it is Adviser's policy to consider various factors
including the size and type of the transaction, price, costs, likelihood of execution
and settlement, the nature and character of the markets involved, commission rates
offered by available brokers and brokers' execution experience, integrity and
financial responsibility.
All transactions will be effected in accordance with the rules and regulations of the
relevant market or exchange, and that Adviser may take all such steps as may be
required or permitted by such rules and regulations and/or by good market practice.
Subject to specific client instructions, in effecting transactions Adviser will at all
times comply with its execution policy.
Adviser will act in good faith and with reasonable skill and care in its choice and
use of counterparties. If any counterparty fails to deliver any necessary documents
or to complete any transaction, Adviser will take all reasonable steps on behalf of
the client to rectify such failure or obtain compensation in lieu thereof, but not
including undertaking litigation or enforcement action on behalf of the client
against a defaulting counterparty unless agreed between Adviser and client
otherwise.
Investment Errors Due to the nature of transactions by Adviser, trade errors are generally not
applicable. On occasion, errors can be expected to occur in connection with
Adviser's investment operations, in which case Adviser determines whether such
error resulted from its gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct and, unless
it finds this to be the case, any losses from an investment error will be borne by
clients (or as otherwise provided in applicable client documentation). Adviser may
offset gains resulting from investment errors by losses resulting from the same or
related errors.
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Adviser's investment personnel monitor client investments and regularly review
client portfolios to monitor performance and compliance with investment
guidelines.
Adviser's investment committee (the "Investment Committee") has the function of
overseeing such investment personnel, including considering, analyzing and
approving client investment opportunities and recommendations, including the
initial making of any investment and the monitoring and taking of actions with
respect to an investment which the Investment Committee deems material.
Adviser delivers periodic reports and other information to clients as negotiated and
set forth in Client Documentation.
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Neither Adviser nor its personnel will be directly or indirectly compensated for
client referrals.
However, Adviser enters into, from time to time, cash compensation arrangements
with placement agents, solicitors or third parties for introducing clients to Adviser
or investors to Funds. To the extent applicable, all such arrangements are, or with
respect to future arrangements will be, made in accordance with Rule 206(4)-3 of
the Advisers Act. Any fees associated therewith will ultimately be borne by
Adviser.
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Adviser has, may in the future have, and may be deemed to have, custody of certain
client assets for purposes of the Advisers Act as a result of Adviser having broad
authority to instruct custodians of client accounts under a power of attorney
(including to deduct management or other fees or expenses), as a result of one or
more of Adviser's affiliates serving as arranger, facility agent, security agent or in
a similar capacity with respect to an investment in client's portfolio, and /or as a
result of an affiliate of Adviser being the general partner of a Fund. In such cases,
Adviser seeks to and will seek to comply with the applicable requirements of the
Advisers Act.
With respect to SMA clients to whom the custody rule applies, the client's qualified
custodian will provide quarterly (or more frequent) account statements. Clients
should carefully review the custodian statements and, to the extent such clients also
receive account statements from Adviser, should compare Adviser's statements
with those received from the qualified custodian. Clients who fail to receive
statements from the qualified custodian or who have any questions about the
statements they receive should promptly contact Adviser using the contact
information provided on the cover of this Brochure.
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As of the date of this Brochure, Adviser's services to the SMAs, Funds and the
Jersey Manager are limited to non-discretionary investment management services
and such discretionary investment management services that are limited to
instruments that would not require Adviser to be authorized by the FCA in the UK
to discretionarily manage such instruments, as Adviser is not currently authorized
by the FCA to discretionarily manage such investments in the UK.
As described in Item 4 under "
Regulatory Limitations and Strategy", Adviser
intends to seek authorization from the FCA to discretionarily manage additional
instruments under SMAs and for the Jersey Manager and Funds in due course.
Adviser undertakes this non-discretionary (and, where applicable, discretionary)
investment management authority under the terms of the relevant Client
Documentation.
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Due to the nature of Adviser's business, it will be rare that Adviser will be asked to
vote a proxy for a publicly traded equity security held on behalf of a client.
Nevertheless, Adviser has written proxy voting policies and procedures consistent
with Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act. Pursuant to these policies, Adviser
votes proxies in the best economic interest of its clients over the long term as
determined by Adviser in its reasonable discretion.
It is more likely that Adviser is asked to consent to waivers or amendments to credit
agreements or make elections with respect to corporate reorganizations. When
evaluating such requests, Adviser generally acts in a manner designed to serve the
best economic interests of its clients or avoid a negative impact on such clients, as
determined by Adviser in its reasonable discretion, taking into account, as relevant,
the impact on the value of the client's investments, anticipated costs and benefits,
amendment fees, standard industry and business practices, and potential conflicts
of interest. Adviser does not consider the clients' receipt of amendment fees from
holding companies as a material conflict of interest when making decisions to
consent or agree to amendments with respect to such investments.
A copy of Adviser's proxy voting policy and procedures and/or information
regarding proxy votes is available to clients, at no cost upon request made to
Adviser at the contact details listed on the first page of this Brochure.
Due to the nature of Adviser's business, it is rare that Adviser will be eligible to
participate in class action litigation. Only where expressly directed by Client
Documentation, Adviser will determine whether a client will participate in a
recovery achieved through a class action, or opt out of the class action and
separately pursue another remedy. In the absence of such express direction, Adviser
does not expect to participate in class actions or other litigation on behalf of clients.
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Adviser does not have any financial impairments that will preclude the firm from
meeting contractual commitments to clients. It has never been the subject of a
bankruptcy proceeding.
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