Background Regarding Pine Brook, the Advisor and Pine Brook’s Funds
Pine Brook Road Partners, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Firm”), was founded
in 2006 by Howard Newman (the Chairman and Chief Executive Office of the Firm) and his four
other co-founders. The Firm was established for the purpose of forming one or more funds focused
on making business building and other investments in the energy and financial services sectors
(the “Focus Sectors”). In addition to Mr. Newman, the current senior leadership of the Firm
includes William Spiegel (a co-founder and Co-President of the Firm and head of the Firm’s
financial services team) and Richard Aube (a Co-President of the Firm and head of the Firm’s
energy team). The Firm is an affiliate of Pine Brook Road Advisors, L.P., a Delaware limited
partnership (the “Adviser”). The Firm, the Adviser and certain affiliated entities have offices in
New York, New York and Houston, Texas, as well as in White Plains, New York.
The Adviser, directly or indirectly, provides discretionary investment advice and management
services to the Pine Brook Funds. The term “Pine Brook Funds” includes (i) Pine Brook Capital
Partners, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (together with its parallel funds and alternative
vehicles, “Pine Brook Fund I”) and (ii) Pine Brook Capital Partners II, L.P., a Delaware limited
partnership (together with its alternative vehicles, “Pine Brook Fund II” and, collectively with Pine
Brook Fund I, the “Existing Pine Brook Funds”). The term “Pine Brook Funds” also includes (a)
a separate financial services sector fund and a separate energy sector fund (including any parallel
funds, alternative vehicles or other related funds or accounts that are established in connection
therewith, “Pine Brook Fund III”), which will be the successors to the Existing Funds and (b) any
successor funds to Pine Brook Fund III. The Firm employs the investment and other professionals
responsible for executing and managing the investment strategy of the Pine Brook Funds, and it
also provides certain administrative services to the Pine Brook Funds through separate
administrative services agreements. The Firm is not, however, engaged to provide investment
advisory services to the Pine Brook Funds (such investment advisory services are provided by
Firm employees through the Adviser and its affiliated entities).
The general partner of the Adviser is PBRA, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company
(“PBRA”), the managing member of which is Mr. Newman. The general partner of each Pine
Brook Fund (each, a “Fund GP”) is a special purpose limited partnership, the general partner of
which is PBRA. The management company of each Pine Brook Fund (each, a “Fund Manager”)
is a special purpose limited liability company, the sole member of which is the Adviser. As used
herein, the term “Pine Brook” collectively refers to the Adviser, the Firm, PBRA, the Fund GPs
and the Fund Managers, and the terms “Investors” or the “Limited Partners” refers to the limited
partners of the Pine Brook Funds.
The Pine Brook Funds include certain “parallel funds” and “alternative vehicles”. A “parallel
fund” is an entity that generally invests alongside of a main Pine Brook Fund in all of its
investments and is formed to address the legal, tax, regulatory or other requirements of certain
Investors. An “alternative vehicle” is an entity formed for legal, tax, regulatory or other similar
reasons in connection with a specific investment, or a specific type of investment, through which
certain (or all) Pine Brook Fund Investors invest in one or more investments in lieu of making such
investments through a Pine Brook Fund. The Pine Brook Fund I “family of funds” includes the
main fund (Pine Brook Capital Partners, L.P.), two parallel funds (Pine Brook Capital Partners
(Cayman), L.P., a Cayman Islands exempt limited partnership and Pine Brook Capital Partners
(SSP), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership) and three alternative vehicles. The Pine Brook Fund
II “family of funds” currently includes the main fund (Pine Brook Capital Partners II, L.P.) and
one alternative vehicle (and it may include additional alternative vehicles formed in connection
with future investments). It is expected that Pine Brook Fund III “family of funds” may include,
in Pine Brook’s sole discretion, certain parallel funds and alternative vehicles, separately managed
accounts and a co-investment fund.
Pine Brook has established, and may establish in the future, feeder funds that invest as Limited
Partners of the Pine Brook Funds, including but not limited to (i) feeder funds through which Pine
Brook employees and consultants invest in a Pine Brook Fund (an “Employee Feeder Fund”), and
(ii) feeder funds established to facilitate the investment of “friends and family investors” and other
high net worth individual investors in a Pine Brook Fund. Pine Brook may also establish feeder
funds to facilitate the investment of certain types of investors in a Pine Brook Fund (for example,
a feeder fund formed for U.S. tax-exempt or non-U.S. investors). PBRA (or one of its affiliates)
acts, or will act, as the general partner of these feeder funds. In general, feeder funds established
by Pine Brook invest in the Pine Brook Funds on the same terms as other Limited Partners, subject
to possible fee or carried interest discounts granted to feeder fund investors by Pine Brook, in its
sole discretion (for example, the Employee Feeder Funds invest in the Pine Brook Funds on a no
management fee/no carried interest basis) and other possible differences (for example, a feeder
fund established for U.S. tax-exempt or non-U.S. investors may invest in a Pine Brook Fund
through a blocker corporation).
In addition to the Pine Brook Funds, Pine Brook has formed, and expects to form in the future,
certain co-investment entities (typically formed as onshore or offshore limited partnerships, each,
a “Co-Investment Vehicle”) that invest alongside of a Pine Brook Fund in one or more specific
investments. A Co-Investment Vehicle differs from a Pine Brook Fund in that (i) a Co-Investment
Vehicle typically invests in one or more specific investments on behalf of certain (but typically
not all) Limited Partners and/or one of more third party co-investors and (ii) unlike a committed
capital fund (such as a Pine Brook Fund), co-investors invest in a Co-Investment Vehicle on a
discretionary basis. PBRA (or one of its affiliates) serves, or will serve, as the general partner of
the Co-Investment Vehicles.
The Pine Brook Funds often, but do not always, invest in underlying portfolio companies through
intermediate vehicles, formed as offshore or onshore limited partnerships or other limited liability
entities (“Intermediate Vehicles”). The general partner of each Intermediate Vehicle is PBRA (or
one of its affiliates). In certain cases, Pine Brook has permitted certain Limited Partners of a Pine
Brook Fund to co-invest alongside of a Pine Brook Fund in an underlying portfolio company
through an Intermediate Vehicle rather than having such Limited Partner co-invest in such
underlying portfolio company on a direct basis or through a Co-Investment Vehicle. In addition,
with respect to certain types of investments, the Pine Brook Funds may invest in Intermediate
Vehicles through one or more blocker corporations established for the benefit of electing US tax
exempt Limited Partners or non-US Limited Partners (solely with respect to the portion of an
overall investment attributable to such electing Limited Partners).
Limited partnership interests in the Pine Brook Funds are not, and will not be, registered under the
U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Pine Brook Funds are not,
and will not be, registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”).
Accordingly, interests in the Pine Brook Funds are offered and sold in compliance with the private
placement requirements of the Securities Act and to ensure that the fund is exempt from
registration under the 1940 Act pursuant to Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) thereof.
Pine Brook does not tailor its advisory services to the individual needs of clients. Pine Brook does,
however, take into account the tax, legal and regulatory requirements of its Investors in structuring
a Pine Brook Fund or a particular investment (for example, by establishing parallel funds,
alternative vehicles, blocker corporations or feeder funds to address such requirements) and, in
certain cases, it may form a Co-Investment Vehicle to facilitate a co-investment by one or more
Limited Partners.
The limited partnership agreement and other constituent document governing a Pine Brook Fund
(the “Fund Documentation”) typically includes certain limitations on the investments such Pine
Brook Fund may make (including concentration and other limitations). In addition, a Pine Brook
and/or a Fund GP or a Fund Manager may agree to certain other investment-related limitations,
including Investor opt-outs, in side letters entered into with particular Investors.
As of December 31, 2018 Pine Brook managed $5,772,110,003 on a discretionary basis.
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The Adviser (through each Fund Manager) receives management fees from the Pine Brook Funds
in respect of advisory services provided to each fund. In addition, (i) Pine Brook or its affiliates
may receive fees from portfolio companies or prospective portfolio companies of a Pine Brook
Fund and (ii) Pine Brook and its affiliates may charge the expenses associated with forming and
operating a Pine Brook Fund to the Limited Partners of such Pine Brook Fund (or be reimbursed
for any such expenses they incur), in each case in accordance with the Fund Documentation.
Management Fees
The Adviser provides investment advisory services to a Pine Brook Fund, through the Fund
Manager for such Pine Brook Fund, pursuant to a separate investment management agreement
between such Fund Manager and such Pine Brook Fund. The Fund Documentation for each Pine
Brook Fund sets forth the management fee payments required to be made by Limited Partners of
such Pine Brook Fund. Prospective Investors in a Pine Brook Fund should carefully review the
Fund Documentation for such Pine Brook Fund, and the private placement memorandum of such
Pine Brook Fund (as supplemented or amended and restated, a “PPM”) for a more detailed
description of the management fee contributions it will be required to make to such Pine Brook
Fund.
In general, prior to the end of a “Management Fee Stepdown Date,” management fees are paid
based on a Pine Brook Fund’s capital commitments and, thereafter, management fees are paid
based on a Pine Brook Fund’s “net invested capital” (which includes capital invested in
investments still held by such Pine Brook Fund as well as unfunded line of equity financings that
are expected to be funded within the 2-year period after the stepdown date). “Management Fee
Stepdown Date” refers to the earlier of (i) the end of a Pine Brook Fund’s investment period and
(ii) the date on which capital is drawn by a successor fund to pay management fees or to fund
investments. The applicable management fee rate charged by the Pine Brook Funds ranges from
1.55% to 2.00% depending on factors such as the aggregate capital commitments of a Pine Brook
Fund, the amount of an Investor’s capital commitment to a Pine Brook and whether am Investor
participated in a first or early closing of the Fund. Pine Brook may reduce or waive the
management fee payable by an Investor with respect to a Pine Brook Fund in the manner
contemplated in the Fund Documentation for such Pine Brook Fund or pursuant to a side letter
entered into with such Investor.
Pine Brook does not charge management fees with respect to its Employee Feeder Funds (or with
respect to Pine Brook employees who invest directly in a Pine Brook Fund) or its Intermediate
Vehicles and, to date, it has not charged management fees with respect to its Co-Investment
Vehicles (although it reserves the right to do so in the future).
Portfolio Company Fees
A Pine Brook Party (as defined below) may receive monitoring fees, directors’ fees, transaction
fees, break-up fees and other fees from portfolio companies or prospective portfolio companies of
a Pine Brook Fund (including any cash received upon exercise, conversion or otherwise of any
directors’ stock options or other non-cash fees). Such fees received by a Pine Brook Party are, or
will be, allocated among a Pine Brook Fund, each of its parallel funds and any other entities
managed or advised by Pine Brook or its affiliates involved in such investment or prospective
investment based on their respective investment amounts (or proposed investment amounts) in
such portfolio company. In general, 80-100% of a Pine Brook Fund’s allocable share of such fees
(less the portion thereof allocable to Pine Brook’s capital commitment to such Pine Brook Fund)
are, or will be, applied to reduce future management fee amounts otherwise payable by the Limited
Partners of such Pine Brook Fund. The term “Pine Brook Party” includes Pine Brook and any
employee of the Firm, but excludes any non-employee consultant to the Firm (including, without
limitation, non-employee consultants designated as “operating advisors” or “senior advisors”).
Expenses
An Investor in a Pine Brook Fund Investor will be required to bear the following expenses associated
with such Pine Brook, on a pro rata basis based on its capital commitment to such Pine Brook Fund
relative to total capital commitments of such Pine Brook Fund (or as otherwise contemplated in the
Fund Documentation for such Pine Brook Fund):
Organizational Expenses. A Pine Brook Fund will be responsible for the legal, accounting and other
out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Pine Brook or such Pine Brook Fund in connection with the
organization of such Pine Brook Fund (including its parallel and feeder funds) and the offering of
Limited Partner interests therein, subject to the cap set forth in the Fund Documentation for such Pine
Brook Fund.
Other Pine Brook Fund Expenses. A Pine Brook Fund will also be responsible for the payment of
all costs, expenses and liabilities relating to its operations, including, but not limited to: (i)
management fees payable to a Fund Manager; (ii) out-of-pocket fees, costs and expenses relating
to the actual or proposed acquisition, holding or disposition of securities including, without
limitation, the fees, costs and expenses of accountants, counsel and consultants, due diligence
expenses, investment banking and finders’ fees, appraisal fees, clearing and settlement charges,
brokerage fees, custodial fees, stamp and transfer taxes, hedging costs, travel expenses and any of
the foregoing expenses incurred in connection with a “broken deal” (including broken deal
expenses allocable to any co-investors that are not borne by such co-investors); (iii) expenses
associated with the operation and administration of such Pine Brook Fund including, without
limitation, outside counsel, third party valuation, accounting, audit, tax preparation, tax planning
and other out-of-pocket expenses and the fees and expenses of any third party fund administrator;
(iv) compliance expenses relating to the operation of a Pine Brook Fund or its investments
including, without limitation, expenses relating to regulatory filings (or portions thereof) that Pine
Brook is required to make in connection therewith (including, if applicable, Form PF expenses,
expenses in connection with Commodity Futures Trading Commission reporting and expenses in
connection with Alternative Investment Fund Manager Directive reporting); (v) the costs of
forming any alternative vehicle, subject to the cap set forth in the Fund Documentation, in the
event some, but not all, Limited Partners participate in such alternative vehicle); (vi) the costs of
operating and administering any feeder fund (other than a feeder fund through which the partners,
members or employees of the Firm or its affiliates primarily invest); (vii) commitment fees,
interest amounts and other fees and amounts payable in connection with subscription and other
credit facilities; (viii) insurance costs (including, without limitation, directors and officers, errors
and omissions, fidelity, general liability and employment practices insurance costs); (ix)
indemnification amounts payable to persons entitled to indemnification under the Fund governing
documents; (x) all taxes imposed on the a Pine Brook Fund as determined by the Fund GP in its
sole discretion, (xi) all litigation expenses (and any judgments or settlements paid in connection
therewith) and other extraordinary expenses; (xii) expenses associated with reporting and
providing information to Limited Partners (and their advisers); (xiii) expenses associated with
Limited Partner and LP Advisory Committee meetings and the reasonable out-of-pocket expenses
of the members of the LP Advisory Committee in connection with their services; and (xiv) all
other costs incurred in connection with the operation or administration of such Pine Brook Fund
that are authorized by the Fund Documentation for such Pine Brook Fund or approved by the Fund
GP and either a majority in interest of the Limited Partners or the LP Advisory Committee. The
term “travel expenses” includes reimbursements for airline travel (including business and first
class airline travel expenses and equivalent expenses), ground transportation, meals and
accommodations, in each case to the extent such travel expenses are incurred in connection with a
Pine Brook Fund’s activities and the reimbursement thereof by such Pine Brook Fund is permitted
pursuant to the expense reimbursement policies of Pine Brook.
The expenses required to be paid by a Pine Brook Fund (and its Limited Partners) are set forth in
the Fund Documentation and the PPM for such Pine Brook Fund. Expense items chargeable to a
Pine Brook Fund may vary among the Pine Brook Funds and may change over time as the nature
of Pine Brook’s business changes, because of legal or regulatory changes or in response to changes
requested by prospective Investors as a condition to their investment in a Pine Brook Fund.
Except as described herein, the expenses associated with any investment (or proposed investment)
in which a Pine Brook Fund and any other fund or account managed by the Adviser or its affiliates
will be allocated between or among such Pine Brook and such other funds and accounts in
accordance with their respective invested capital (or proposed invested capital) amounts therein.
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Carried Interest/Performance-Based Compensation
The Fund GPs, each of which is an affiliate of the Adviser, receives, or will receive, performance-
based compensation in the form of “carried interest distributions” from the Pine Brook Funds. In
general, carried interest distributions are equal 20% of the distributions received by a Pine Brook
Fund after a return to Investors of the following: (i) the capital invested on all realized investments
and unrealized losses attributable to writedowns or writeoffs of investments; (ii) the capital
contributed in respect of fund expenses; (iii) a preferred return equal to 8% per annum,
compounded annually on such amounts; and (iv) a full GP catch-up on the preferred return. The
foregoing is a general description of the distribution waterfall provisions of the Pine Brook Funds
(which vary somewhat among the Pine Brook Funds). Carried interest distributions paid to a Fund
GP are subject to “clawback” (upon liquidation of a Pine Brook Fund and on an interim basis prior
to liquidation as set forth in the Fund Documentation for such Pine Brook) in the event of any
over-distribution of carried interest (based on the overall net performance of such Pine Brook
Fund).
Prospective Investors should carefully review the Fund Documentation for each Pine Brook Fund,
and the PPM for such Pine Brook Fund for a more detailed description of the distribution waterfall
provisions of such Pine Brook Fund. Pine Brook may reduce or waive carried interest amounts
fee payable by an Investor with respect to a Pine Brook Fund in the manner contemplated by the
Fund Documentation for such Pine Brook Fund or pursuant to a side letter entered into with such
Investor.
Pine Brook does not receive carried interest with respect to its Employee Feeder Funds (or with
respect to Pine Brook employees who invest directly in a Pine Brook Fund) or its Intermediate
Vehicles and, to date, it has not received carried interest with respect to its Co-Investment Vehicles
(although it reserves the right to do so in the future).
Co-Investments
Co-investments are an important feature of Pine Brook’s investment strategy. The capital-
intensive nature of business building investments in the Focus Sectors results in a significant
amount of opportunities to co-invest alongside a Pine Brook Fund.
As an initial matter, Pine Brook has to make the determination that, based on its co-investment
policy, a potential investment opportunity exceeds a Pine Brook Fund’s appropriate allocation
thereof (after taking into account allocations made to any related funds and portfolio company
management and, if applicable, to any prior Pine Brook Fund or a permitted successor fund co-
investing in such investment opportunity). If such an excess opportunity exists, Pine Brook may,
but will not be required to, make such excess opportunity available as a co-investment to one or
more potential co-investors. Although Pine Brook expects to make such opportunities available
to Limited Partners of the Pine Brook Fund generating such opportunity, it may also choose to
offer some or all of any such opportunity to one or more third party co-investors including, without
limitation, to (i) persons or entities who Pine Brook, in its sole discretion, determines may provide
certain strategic benefits to such Pine Brook Fund (for example, a co-investor who has provided a
Pine Brook Fund with access to the subject investment or who may provide a Pine Brook Fund
with access to future deal flow, or a co-investor with specific industry, geographic or other
expertise or insights with respect to an investment which may support Pine Brook’s efforts to
diligence, structure and/or monitor such investment) or (ii) prospective investors of a Pine Brook
Fund or a related fund.
In allocating co-investment opportunities among co-investors, it is likely that Pine Brook will offer
such opportunities to a small group of co-investors (although it may, but will not be obligated to,
offer a particular opportunity to a larger group of co-investors under certain circumstances). Pine
Brook will allocate available co-investment opportunities among its selected co-investors in its
sole discretion based on the factors set forth in its co-investment policy, which factors include,
without limitation, the following: (i) Pine Brook’s assessment that a co-investor will be able to
consummate its co-investment within the time frame established by Pine Brook (including
completion of due diligence and obtaining all required internal approvals), as demonstrated by,
among other things, Pine Brook’s prior co-investment experience with such co-investor, industry
reputation or other relevant factors; (ii) a Limited Partner’s expressed interest in participating in
co-investments meeting certain criteria (including sector, size and geography preferences), it being
understood that a side letter provision between a Limited Partner, on the one hand, and a Pine
Brook Fund and/or the Fund GP of such Pine Brook Fund, on the other hand, in which a Limited
Partner expresses its interest in participating in co-investment opportunities will not itself
guarantee that such Limited Partner will be offered a particular co-investment opportunity or any
co-investment opportunity; (iii) the potential strategic benefits to a Pine Brook Fund of having a
particular person or entity co-invest in a portfolio company alongside of such Pine Brook Fund
including, without limitation, the ability of such person or entity to support Pine Brook’s efforts to
diligence, structure and/or monitor such Pine Brook Fund’s investment in such company based on
such person’s or entity’s specific industry, geographic or other expertise; (iv) the amount of a
Limited Partner’s capital commitment to a Pine Brook Fund and/or to other funds or accounts
managed by Pine Brook; (v) a co-investor’s ability to meet minimum co-investment requirements
established by Pine Brook, in its sole discretion, in connection with a particular co-investment;
(vi) the alignment of a Pine Brook Fund’s interests, on the one hand, and a potential co-investor’s
interests, on the other hand, with respect to an investment (for example, Pine Brook may choose
not to include co-investors who may introduce potential business or other conflicts to an
investment or co-investors who have different investment parameters than such Pine Brook Fund
such as a shorter desired holding period or an unwillingness to provide additional capital to a co-
investment as needed); (vii) the overall number of persons or entities being offered a participation
in a co-investment opportunity (for example, in order to maximize the efficiency and minimize the
costs associated with a co-investment, or to address the preferences of portfolio company
management, Pine Brook may seek to limit the number of co-investors participating in such co-
investment); (viii) whether a Limited Partner has been offered prior co-investment opportunities
and failed to respond to or rejected any co-investment opportunity offered to it; and (ix) applicable
legal, regulatory and tax considerations. The amount of each co-investment opportunity allocated
to participating Limited Partners will be determined by Pine Brook, in its sole discretion, and may
not be (and will likely not be) proportional to their respective capital commitments.
In general, Limited Partner co-investors participating in a co-investment opportunity will invest
alongside a Pine Brook in the underlying portfolio investment on the same terms and conditions
as such Pine Brook Fund (subject to any differences in rights under applicable portfolio investment
documentation based on the amount of an investor’s investment). Limited Partner co-investors
will co-invest in a particular portfolio investment at the same time as a Pine Brook Fund makes its
investment therein, provided that in certain instances a Pine Brook Fund may invest in the full
amount of such portfolio investment at closing and transfer a portion thereof post-closing to one
or more co-investors. In the latter case, Pine Brook expects that the transfer of any bridged portion
of a portfolio investment will be made to co-investors within 180 days of closing of a Pine Brook
Fund’s initial investment therein (or within such other period specified in the Fund
Documentation) at a transfer price equal to cost plus interest at a rate of 8% per annum (or on such
other transfer and economic terms as Pine Brook determines are appropriate under the
circumstances). Pine Brook expects that, in most cases, Limited Partner co-investors will dispose
of their share of portfolio investments at the same time as a Pine Brook Fund disposes of its share,
and on a pro rata basis, but there may be certain instances where Limited Partner co-investors may
have the right to sell their share of a portfolio investment independent of a Pine Brook Fund.
As a condition to their participation in a co-investment opportunity, Limited Partner co-investors
may be required to participate in such opportunity either on a direct basis or through a Co-
Investment Vehicle formed by Pine Brook to facilitate a co-investment by one or more co-
investors, as determined by Pine Brook in its sole discretion. Pine Brook is under no obligation to
form a Co-Investment Vehicle for Limited Partner co-investors or to otherwise structure a co-
investment in a particular manner to address the requirements of a particular Limited Partner co-
investor. The costs of forming, operating and administering any Co-Investment Vehicle will be
borne solely by the co-investors participating in such vehicle. In addition, Limited Partner co-
investors (including but not limited to co-investors participating through a Co-Investment Vehicle)
will be responsible for their pro rata
share of any common costs associated with any portfolio
investment in which they participate alongside of a Pine Brook Fund, based on such co-investor’s
invested capital relative to the invested capital of such Pine Brook Fund.
Limited Partner co-investors participating through a Co-Investment Vehicle may be required to
pay the following amounts to Pine Brook or its affiliates in connection with a co-investment:
(i) management fees, administration fees and other fees; (ii) carried interest or other incentive
compensation; and (iii) operating and other expense reimbursements associated with any co-
investment vehicle through which they invest. Pine Brook and its affiliates may elect to reduce or
waive any or all such fees, carried interest and other amounts for the benefit of one or more co-
investors without offering such reduction or waiver to the other co-investors. A Limited Partner
co-investor will not receive the benefit of any portfolio company fees received by Pine Brook in
connection with a co-investment unless such co-investor is also paying management fees to Pine
Brook or its affiliates in respect of such co-investment (with the allocation of any such portfolio
company or transaction fees being made in accordance with the terms of the Fund Documentation
for such Pine Brook Fund and Pine Brook’s co-investment policy then in effect). In addition, a
Limited Partner co-investor will not receive a share of any break up or broken deal fees received
in connection with an unconsummated co-investment unless such co-investor has agreed to pay its
share of broken deal expenses associated with such unconsummated co-investment.
In general, a Pine Brook Fund will bear 100% of all out of pocket expenses (including, without
limitation, legal and accounting costs and travel expenses) associated with any investment that is
not consummated, including any portion thereof that may or would have been allocated to potential
Limited Partner co-investors had such investment been consummated.
Pine Brook reserves the right to change its co-investment policy from time to time to address,
among other things, adjustments in Pine Brook’s investment processes, deal execution
requirements and evolving industry practices. Certain of these changes may be material in nature.
In the event that Pine Brook materially changes its co-investment policy, it will make such revised
policy available to its Limited Partners.
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As noted in Item 4 above, Pine Brook provides discretionary investment advisory services to the
Pine Brook Funds (which may be organized as domestic or foreign partnerships, corporate or other
incorporated or unincorporated entities). Pine Brook Fund investors include private and public
pension funds, insurance companies, fund-of-funds, endowments and high net worth individuals.
Interests in the Pine Brook Funds and the Pine Brook Funds themselves are not registered under
the Securities Act or the 1940 Act, respectively. Accordingly, interests in the Pine Brook Funds
are offered exclusively to investors satisfying the applicable eligibility requirements either in
private placement transactions within the United States or in offshore transactions, and the Pine
Brook Funds are excepted from the definition of an “investment company” under Section 3(c)(1)
and/or Sections 3(c)(7) or 3(c)(1) of the 1940 Act.
Investors in a Pine Brook Fund are required to complete and submit a subscription agreement
binding them to the terms of the Fund Documentation for such Pine Brook Fund. In general, the
minimum commitment amount for a Pine Brook Fund is $10 million, subject to the Fund GP’s
right, in its sole discretion, to accept lesser amounts.
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Pine Brook’s Investment Strategy
The investment strategy of the Pine Brook Funds generally entails providing business building
equity to new and growing businesses in the “Focus Sectors” (i.e. the energy and financial services
sectors). Business building investments often involve making capital available to new and existing
companies, at the Pine Brook’s discretion, to meet the capital requirements of their business plans,
typically over a multi-year period. Unlike in a buyout, Pine Brook generates its returns by creating
cash flows that are attractive to strategic and financial buyers, instead of buying cash flows on a
leveraged basis. By utilizing line of equity financings to fund portfolio companies, Pine Brook
generally invests a small amount of capital when a business is less developed and scales capital as
a portfolio company matures. This allows a Pine Brook Fund to invest at a controlled pace as an
investment is de-risked and to weight its portfolio more to its faster growing and better performing
portfolio companies.
In general, the Pine Brook Funds do not employ acquisition leverage to generate returns, and as a
result, their investments are not influenced by high entry multiples or valuation/pricing cycles.
Instead, Pine Brook invests equity in its portfolio companies to finance their growth and create
businesses with significant cash flows that are attractive to strategic and financial buyers. Pine
Brook seeks to make investments priced at net asset value and building businesses of scale that are
priced at premiums to book value.
Within the energy sector, Pine Brook focuses on the following investment areas: (i) upstream
exploration and production; (ii) oilfield services (iii) midstream infrastructure; and (iv) renewable
energy and clean technology. Pine Brook may also may consider other investments in the energy
sector. Within the financial services sector, Pine Brook focuses on investments in the following
areas: (i) banking; (ii) mortgages; (iii) life & annuity; (iv) property & casualty; (v) money
management; and (vi) specialty finance. Pine Brook may also consider other investments in the
financial services sector.
The constituent documents of the Pine Brook Funds permit the Pine Brook Funds to invest a
portion of their committed capital (up to 25%) outside of the Focus Sectors. To date, the Pine
Brook Funds have not invested outside of the Focus Sectors but Pine Brook reserves the right to
invest outside of the Focus Sectors in the future, subject to compliance with the constituent
documents of the Pine Brook Funds.
Methods of Analysis
Pine Brook’s investment processes include the following elements:
(i) identifying attractive, actionable investment opportunities in the Focus Sectors;
(ii) negotiating appropriate terms for each investment including the amount and form
of management’s equity participation (in particular, the cash investment and incentive
compensation), the structure of a Pine Brook Fund’s investment and the principal corporate
governance issues and other material terms that will govern the investment over time;
(iii) evaluating an investment through the Pine Brook review mechanisms (including
deal team, Focus Sector team and the Pine Brook Investment Committee review), and obtaining
Pine Brook Investment Committee approval for such investment;
(iv) creating portfolio value over time through active and disciplined management of
portfolio companies; and
(v) managing a Pine Brook Fund’s exit from a portfolio company at an appropriate
time and valuation.
Risk of Loss
There can be no assurance that a Pine Brook Fund will be able to generate returns for its Limited
Partners or that the returns received by a Pine Brook Fund will be commensurate with the risks of
investing in the type of companies and transactions being targeted by Pine Brook’s investment
strategy. Prospective Investors interested in investing in a Pine Brook Fund should be prepared to
lose all, or a significant portion of, their invested capital in such Pine Brook Fund. Accordingly,
an investment in a Pine Brook Fund should only be considered by persons who can afford a loss
of some or all of their capital invested.
Strategy-Specific Risks
Reserves for Line of Equity Investments. Line of equity investments are a key component of Pine
Brook’s investment strategy. In constructing a Pine Brook Fund’s investment portfolio, and
determining how much of its undrawn capital is available for new investments, line of equity and
other commitments and fund expenses, Pine Brook will be required to evaluate on a periodic basis
how much of each of its line of equity investments will actually be funded. Such evaluation is
inherently difficult because it depends, in part, on factors such as market conditions and the
development of a portfolio company’s business plan over time that may be beyond Pine Brook’s
control. Although Pine Brook closely monitors its line of equity funding requirements on a regular
basis, it is nonetheless possible that Pine Brook will either under-reserve or over-reserve capital
for its line of equity commitments, which could result in a Pine Brook Fund have insufficient
available capital after the investment period of such Pine Brook Fund to fund certain of its portfolio
investments, or an excess amount of capital that is not invested over the term of such Pine Brook
Fund. The recycling capacity of a Pine Brook Fund should mitigate, to some degree, the risks
associated with such Pine Brook Fund having insufficient reserves for its unfunded line of equity
investments.
Energy Sector Risks
Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Risks. Pine Brook expects to invest in new and existing
businesses that will be engaged in oil and gas exploration. Oil and gas exploration is a capital-
intensive activity, and the costs associated therewith are increasing, including the costs associated
with leasing acreage, securing high-quality management teams to lead investments, acquiring
seismic or other geological and geophysical data, drilling and completing wells, oilfield services
and other costs associated with the conduct of development and production operations. In this
regard, Pine Brook will be competing against other funds and investors (including companies
whose business is to produce and explore for energy) that are focused at least in part on making
investments in this sector. Some of these other funds and investors may be substantially larger
than a Pine Brook Fund in terms of the capital available to them to invest in oil and gas companies
and, as such, such Pine Brook Fund may not be able to successfully compete with these other funds
and investors for certain investments. In addition, the pool of available high-quality management
teams needed to develop and execute upon business plans in this sector is generally limited, and a
Pine Brook Fund will be competing with these other funds and investors for these management
teams.
In making investments in this sector, Pine Brook must rely on estimates of oil and gas reserves.
The process of estimating oil and gas reserves is complex, requiring significant decisions and
assumptions in the evaluation of available geological, geophysical and engineering data for each
reservoir. Furthermore, successful investment in oil and natural gas properties and other related
facilities and properties requires an assessment of (i) operating and capital costs, (ii) future oil and
natural gas prices, (iii) potential environmental and other liabilities, (iv) access to drilling rigs,
equipment, supplies and other oilfield services and (v) other factors. All such assessments are
necessarily inexact and their accuracy inherently uncertain. Even companies that are successful
in finding oil and gas may not be profitable or produce the targeted investment return if the wells
they drill are unable to produce sufficient net revenues after drilling, operating and other costs.
Oil and gas investments are typically made over a long period of time. During this period, a
company’s access to debt and equity financing may be affected by changes in the capital markets.
In addition, there can be no assurance that a Pine Brook Fund will be able to reserve sufficient
available capital to make future investments in its existing projects on a timely basis. Failure to
make investments on a timely basis may result in a Pine Brook Fund losing its entire interest in a
partially completed project even after substantial capital has been invested.
The revenues and operating results of the energy portfolio companies of the Pine Brook Funds will
be dependent upon the success of their respective exploitation, development, and drilling activities.
These oil and gas activities involve numerous risks, including the risk that no commercially
productive oil or natural gas reservoirs will be encountered. The timing and cost of drilling,
completing, and operating wells is often uncertain, and drilling operations may be curtailed,
delayed, or canceled as a result of a variety of factors, including unexpected drilling conditions,
pressure or irregularities in formations, equipment failures or accidents, adverse weather
conditions, compliance with governmental requirements, and shortages or delays in the availability
of drilling rigs and the delivery of equipment.
Each of the energy portfolio companies of the Pine Brook Funds will be subject to substantial
operating risks, including: encountering unusual or unexpected formations or pressures; premature
declines of reservoirs; a technology employed in a particular project not being efficient or
effective; blow-outs, equipment or mechanical failures and other accidents in completing wells
and otherwise; cratering; explosions; sour gas releases; uncontrollable flows of oil, natural gas or
well fluids; hurricanes and other adverse weather conditions; earthquakes and other natural
disasters; pollution; fires and downhole fires; environmental and ecological damage associated
with offshore and deep water drilling and exploration activities, including leaks, spills and other
environmental exposures; potential contamination of groundwater from shale gas exploration
activities; other environmental risks; and reputational risks resulting from investments associated
with high-profile environmental issues. Portfolio company operations could result in liability for
personal injuries and other environmental damages. A portfolio company could be liable for
environmental damages caused by previous property owners. As a result, substantial liabilities to
third parties or governmental entities may be incurred, the payments of which could have a material
adverse effect on the energy portfolio companies of a Pine Brook Fund, and thus on such Pine
Brook Fund.
The energy industry is cyclical and, from time to time, there is a shortage of drilling rigs,
equipment, supplies, or qualified personnel. During these periods, the cost and delivery times of
rigs, equipment, and supplies are substantially greater. In addition, demand for, and wage rates of,
qualified drilling rig crews rise with increases in the number of active rigs in service. If the
unavailability or high cost of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies, or qualified personnel were
particularly severe, the business of the energy portfolio companies of a Pine Brook Fund could be
materially and adversely affected.
Commodity Risk; Price Volatility. The success of the energy portfolio companies in which a Pine
Brook Fund will invest is materially dependent upon the demand for oil and gas. The investments
of a Pine Brook Fund may be subject to commodity price risk, including, without limitation, the
price of oil, natural gas liquids, natural gas, coal, electricity and fuel. Historically, the markets for
oil, gas and power have been volatile, and such markets are likely to continue to be volatile in the
future. The operation and cash flows of a Pine Brook Fund’s investments will depend, in
substantial part, upon prevailing market prices for energy commodities. Prices for oil and gas are
subject to wide fluctuation in response market uncertainty and a variety of additional factors that
are beyond the control of Pine Brook, including, without limitation, (i) weather conditions; (ii)
relatively minor changes in the supply of and demand for oil and gas; (iii) force majeure (including
earthquakes, hurricanes, tornados and floods); (iv) market uncertainty; (v) political conditions in
the Middle East and other oil and natural gas producing regions; (vi) actions of the Organization
of Petroleum Exporting Countries (and other oil and natural gas producing nations); (vi) the effect
of U.S. and foreign federal, state and local regulation on the production, transportation and sale of
commodities; (viii) the extent of domestic production and importation of oil and gas in certain
relevant markets; (ix) the foreign supply of (and demand for) oil and gas; (x) the price of foreign
imports; (xi) the level of consumer demand; (xii) the competitive position of oil and gas as sources
of energy as compared with other energy sources; (xiii) the industry-wide refining or processing
capacity for oil and gas; (xiv) the amount and character of excess electric generating capacity in a
market area; (xv) terrorist acts or threats thereof; (xvi) the development of new sources of supplies;
(xvii) the proximity to reserves to, and the capacity of, oil and gas gathering systems, pipelines, or
trucking and terminal facilities; and (xviii) overall economic conditions. A substantial and
prolonged decline in oil and gas prices could have a material adverse effect on the portfolio
companies of a Pine Brook Fund, and thus on such Pine Brook Fund. Any significant change in a
portfolio company’s ability to produce and market its oil and gas production could have a material
adverse effect on such portfolio company’s financial condition and results of operations.
Regulation of the Energy Industry; Environmental Matters. The energy industry is affected from
time to time in varying degrees by political developments and a wide range of federal, state and
local statutes, rules, orders and regulations. For example, oil and gas production, operations and
economics are or have been affected by price controls, taxes and other laws relating to the oil and
gas industry, by changes in such laws and by changes in administrative regulations.
In addition, various federal, state and local laws and regulations, as well as global initiatives,
relating to the protection of the environment may affect the operations and costs of the companies
engaged in the energy industry. These laws and regulations may (i) restrict the types, quantities
and concentration of various substances that can be released into the environment, (ii) require
reporting of the storage, use or release of certain chemicals and hazardous substances, (iii) require
removal or cleanup of contamination under certain circumstances, which may require the
expenditure of material amounts over a significant period of time, (iv) impose substantial civil
liabilities or criminal penalties and (v) cause additional restrictions and delays that could materially
and adversely affect the portfolio companies and the prospects of a Pine Brook Fund. Moreover,
there has been a trend in recent years toward stricter standards in environmental, health and safety
legislation and regulation, which could impact the success of companies in which a Pine Brook
Fund invests. There is the risk that future regulations affecting the energy industry may adversely
affect the investment performance of a Pine Brook Fund or the companies in which a Pine Brook
Fund invests.
Compliance with current or future environmental requirements does not ensure that the operations
of the portfolio companies will not cause injury to the environment or to people under all
circumstances or that the portfolio companies will not be required to incur additional unforeseen
environmental expenditures. Moreover, failure to comply with any such requirements could have
a material adverse effect on a portfolio company, and there can be no assurance that portfolio
companies will at all times comply with all applicable environmental laws, regulations and permit
requirements. Past practices or future operations of portfolio companies could also result in
material personal injury or property damage claims. Any noncompliance with environmental laws
and regulations could subject the portfolio companies of a Pine Brook Fund to material
administrative, civil or criminal penalties, or other liabilities. Under certain circumstances,
environmental authorities and other parties may seek to impose personal liability on the limited
partners of a partnership (such as a Pine Brook Fund) subject to environmental liability. However,
a Limited Partner may reduce its risk of such personal liability by avoiding activities with respect
to a Pine Brook Fund’s investments other than as specifically contemplated by the Fund
Documentation of such Pine Brook Fund. Additionally, compliance with these laws may, from
time to time, result in increased costs of operations or decreased production, and may affect
acquisition costs.
If a portfolio company has operations abroad, it will be subject to the laws and regulations of the
country in which it is doing business. These regulations may have a significant adverse impact on
the financial condition, prospects and profitability of a Pine Brook Fund’s portfolio companies.
Financial Service Sector Risks
General Risks. Financial services institutions have asset and liability structures that are essentially
monetary in nature and are directly affected by many factors, including domestic and international
economic and political conditions, broad trends in business and finance, legislation and regulation
affecting the national and international business and financial communities, monetary and fiscal
policies, interest rates, inflation, currency values, market conditions, the availability and cost of
short-term or long-term funding and capital, the credit capacity or perceived creditworthiness of
customers and counterparties, and the level and volatility of trading markets. Such factors can
impact customers and counterparties of financial services institutions and may impact the value of
financial instruments held by financial services institutions. Fluctuations in interest rates, which
affect the value of assets and the cost of funding liabilities, are not predictable or controllable, may
vary from country to country and may impact economic activity in various regions.
The profitability of the financial services industry may be adversely affected by a worsening of
general economic conditions in domestic and international markets and by monetary, fiscal or
other policies that are adopted by various governmental authorities and international bodies.
Monetary policies have had, and will continue to have, significant effects on the operations and
results of financial services institutions. There can be no assurance that a particular financial
services institution will not experience a material adverse effect on its net interest income in a
changing interest rate environment. Factors such as the liquidity of the global financial markets,
the level and volatility of prices of financial instruments, investor sentiment, and the availability
and cost of credit may significantly affect the activity levels of customers with respect to size,
number and timing of transactions. A market downturn would likely lead to a decline in the
volume of transactions that financial services institutions execute for their customers and would
thus lead to a decline in revenues from fees, commissions and spreads.
The financial services industry is extremely competitive, and it is expected that competitive
conditions in the industry will continue to intensify. Merger activity in the financial services
industry has resulted in, and is expected to continue to result in, larger institutions with greater
financial and other resources that are capable of offering a wider array of financial products and
services. The financial services industry has become considerably more concentrated as numerous
financial institutions have been acquired by or merged into other institutions. Technological
advances and the growth of e-commerce have made it possible for nonfinancial institutions to offer
products and services that have been traditionally offered by financial services institutions. It is
expected that cross-industry competition will continue to intensify.
Operational Risks. The financial services industry is highly dependent on communications and
information systems and is exposed to many types of operational risk, including the risk of fraud
by employees or other parties, record keeping error, errors resulting from faulty computer or
telecommunication systems, computer failures, and damage to computer and telecommunication
systems caused by internal or external events.
Regulation of the Financial Services Industry. Financial services institutions operate in a highly
regulated environment and are subject to extensive legal and regulatory restrictions and limitations
and to supervision, examination and enforcement by regulatory authorities. Failure to comply with
any of these laws, rules or regulations, some of which are subject to interpretation and may be
subject to change, could result in a variety of adverse consequences, including civil penalties, fines,
suspension or expulsion, and termination of deposit insurance, which may have material adverse
effects.
Risks Associated With Bank Investments
Possible Regulation Under the BHCA. A company (including a partnership like a Pine Brook
Fund) that has control over a bank is subject to regulation under the Bank Holding Company Act
(the “BHCA”). Under the BHCA, a company will be treated as having control of a bank or a bank
holding company if (i) it owns 25% or more of the bank or bank holding company's voting stock,
(ii) it has control in any manner over the election of a majority of the directors of the bank or bank
holding company or (iii) it has the ability to exercise a controlling influence over the management
or policies of a bank or bank holding company. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board (the “Fed”)
has considerable discretion under the BHCA to determine that a company has “presumptive
control” over a bank or bank holding company under other circumstances as well. Under this
authority, a company may be presumed to have control if it owns 10% or more of voting stock of
a bank or bank holding company. In September 2008, the Fed issued a policy statement that
relaxed the thresholds and softened certain restrictions that had been used for a presumption of
control.
If a company is deemed to have control over a bank or bank holding company, such company will
be subject to regulation as a bank holding company itself under the BHCA, including: (i) its
activities will be restricted to those that are financial in nature; (ii) it will become subject to
consolidated capital requirements; and (iii) it must serve as a “source of financial and managerial
strength” for the banks controlled by it. Any determination that a Pine Brook Fund is a bank
holding company subject to regulation under the BHCA would have a material adverse effect on
such Pine Brook Fund and its operations. Accordingly, Pine Brook intends to structure
investments by a Pine Brook Fund in each of its bank portfolio companies to avoid any
determination that it controls such entity, including by limiting its ownership in the voting stock
of such entities, avoiding other attributes of control and filing rebuttals of change of control with
the Fed or another federal or state bank regulatory agency where necessary or appropriate
(although there can be no assurance that it will be able to avoid any such determination).
FDIC Requirements With Respect to Failed Bank Acquisitions. The Pine Brook Funds may make
investments in troubled banks. Such investments could be negatively impacted by the
requirements set forth in the FDIC’s July 2009 final policy statement relating to investments made
by private capital investors, including a Pine Brook Fund, in failed insured depository institutions.
Among other things, this policy statement would require investors such as a Pine Brook Fund to:
(i) maintain minimum capitalization levels with respect to their investee depositary institutions
(which may require a Pine Brook Fund to invest more capital in an investee depositary institution
than it would otherwise be required to invest or than it would otherwise invest absent such
requirement); and (ii) absent FDIC approval, maintain continuity of ownership in their investee
depositary institutions for a period of three years from the date of acquisition (which could prevent
a Pine Brook Fund from disposing of its investment in an investee depositary institution at the
optimal time or price). In addition, the proposed policy statement: (a) requires investors whose
investments, individually or collectively, constitute a majority of the investments in more than one
insured depositary institution to pledge their interests in each such depositary institution to pay for
losses resulting from the failure of, or assistance provided to, any other such institution; (b)
prohibits certain affiliate transactions; (c) prohibits investors in entities domiciled in bank secrecy
jurisdictions from participating in depositary institution investments unless the investors are
subsidiaries of companies that are subject to comprehensive supervision, as recognized by the Fed
(and imposes certain information requirements on such permitted supervised subsidiaries); and (d)
requires investors to disclose certain specified information about themselves and all entities in
their ownership chain.
If applied to a Pine Brook Fund’s investment in an investee depositary institution, these
requirements could adversely affect such Pine Brook Fund in a number of ways, including (but
not limited to) the following: by decreasing such Pine Brook Fund’s rate of return on invested
capital; by increasing the amount of such Pine Brook Fund’s loss with respect to a portfolio
investment; by limiting the amount of capital available to a Pine Brook Fund for making other
investments; and by creating liabilities, and imposing disclosure and other obligations, that would
not otherwise exist.
Commitments to Regulators. A Pine Brook Fund may also be required to enter into other
commitments with federal banking regulators, including commitments in order for such Pine
Brook Fund to take advantage of more favorable regulatory treatment or to obtain a safe harbor
from federal banking regulation. For example, a Pine Brook Fund may be required to make
"passivity commitments" to the Fed or another federal or state bank regulatory agency in order to
be deemed not to control a banking organization and thereby not be treated as a bank holding
company. Such commitments may limit the ability of a Pine Brook Fund, the Fund GP or its
affiliates to manage or oversee such Pine Brook's investment in any such banking organization or
limit the level of influence such Pine Brook Fund, the Fund GP or its affiliates may have with
respect to such investment.
Regulatory Disclosures. In connection with the regulatory review of any investment or proposed
investment by a Pine Brook Fund in a banking organization, the General Partner may be required
to provide federal banking regulators with information regarding such Pine Brook Fund, its
investments, its structure and the identity of its direct and indirect investors and control persons.
Pine Brook intends to request that such information be kept confidential and not be made available
to the public, but it is possible that confidential, proprietary or nonpublic information regarding a
Pine Brook Fund, its investors or investments may become part of the public record.
Other Bank Regulatory Risks. Banking is a highly regulated industry, and it is possible that future
regulatory requirements regarding private investments in banks may be more onerous than those
in effect as of the date hereof. Any such additional regulatory requirements could adversely affect
a Pine Brook Fund including, without limitation, its ability to make investments and to dispose of
existing investments.
Other Risks
Prospective Investors in a Pine Brook Fund should recognize that an investment in such Pine Brook
Fund is speculative in nature and involves a high degree of risk, including an investor could lose
all or substantial amount of its invested capital; the performance of a Pine Brook Fund will be
dependent certain Pine Brook investment professionals, and there can be no assurance that such
investment professionals will be employed by Pine Brook, or available to such Pine Brook Fund,
during its term; a Pine Brook Fund may be leveraged, which may present risks to the overall
portfolio under certain circumstances; a Pine Brook Fund’s performance may be negatively
impacted by overall market, or sector-specific conditions; a Pine Brook Fund may not be
sufficiently diversified; there will be restriction on transfers on Pine Brook Fund limited partner
interests; there is no established secondary market for Pine Brook Fund limited partner interests
and none is expected to develop; an investment in a Pine Brook Fund will be subject to the payment
of carried interest, management fees and other fund expenses, which will reduce the overall returns
that Fund investors will receive on their invested capital; some of a Pine Brook’s investments may
be located outside of the United States, which may present currency exchange and other risks. The
foregoing list of risks is a summary of certain, but not all risks, associated with an investment in a
Pine Brook Fund. A more detailed description of these risks, as well as other risks that prospective
Investors should be aware of in considering an investment in a Pine Brook Fund, are included in
the PPM for such Pine Brook Fund.
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Registered investment advisers are required to disclose all material facts regarding any legal or
disciplinary events that would be material to a client’s or investor’s evaluation of the adviser or
the integrity of the adviser’s management. Neither Pine Brook nor any of its officers, directors,
members, partners or employees, have been involved in any legal or disciplinary events in the past
10 years that would require disclosure in response to this Item.
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Pine Brook organizes and sponsors the Pine Brook Funds. A Fund GP, which is affiliated by the
Adviser, will act as the general partner of each Pine Brook Fund. The Adviser (through a Fund
Manager) or the Fund GP will be responsible for all decisions regarding portfolio transactions of
a Pine Brook Fund and have full discretion over the management of a Pine Brook Fund’s
investment activities. While a Fund GP will not be separately registered as an investment adviser
with the SEC, all of its investment advisory activities are subject to the Advisers Act and the rules
thereunder. In addition, employees and persons acting on behalf of a Fund GP are subject to the
supervision and control of Pine Brook. Thus, the Fund GPs, and all of the respective employees
and the persons acting on their behalf, would be “persons associated with” the registered
investment adviser so that the SEC could enforce the requirements of the Advisers Act on the Fund
GP.
The Adviser, the Fund GPs and the Fund Managers each operate under an exemption from
registration as a Commodity Pool Operator with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading
Commission. Pine Brook and its employees do not have any other relationships or arrangements
with other financial services companies that pose material conflicts of interest.
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Transactions and Personal Trading Pursuant to Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act, the Adviser has adopted a written Code of Ethics
predicated on the principle that the Adviser owes a fiduciary duty to the Fund and its Investors.
Investors may request a copy of the Code of Ethics by contacting the Adviser. The Code of Ethics
is designed to address and avoid potential conflicts of interest and is applicable to all employees.
The Adviser requires its employees to act in the Fund’s best interests, abide by all applicable
regulations and avoid any action that is, or could even appear to be, legally or ethically improper.
The Code of Ethics also places restrictions on personal trades by employees, including a
requirement that employees disclose their personal securities holdings and transactions on a
periodic basis. Generally, employees may not purchase or sell securities for their personal
accounts that are owned by the Fund or under consideration by the Fund, and must seek pre-
approval from the CCO as outlined in the Code of Ethics for all such transactions.
The Adviser requires all employees to disclose any outside employment to the Adviser who will
identify any potential conflicts. In the event that a resolution to the conflict cannot be reached, the
employee may be asked to terminate either their outside employment or their position with the
Adviser.
A Pine Brook Fund may engage in transactions with (i) its parallel funds, alternative vehicles or
other related funds, (ii) another Pine Brook Fund or (iii) Pine Brook or an entity affiliated with
Pine Brook, including but not limited to transactions relating to the purchase and sale of
investments and investments in the same portfolio company. The Fund Documentation for each
Pine Brook Fund include certain covenants governing conflict of interest transactions. In general,
any such transaction is permitted under the Fund Documentation only to the extent (a) it is
specifically contemplated in the Fund Documentation, (b) it is on an arm’s length basis and on
market terms, or (c) it has been approved by the requisite percentage of Limited Partners, or the
LP Advisory Committee, of the Pine Brook Funds involved in such transactions.
In addition, Pine Brook has implemented an allocation policy, which addresses the allocation of
investment opportunities among Pine Brook Funds and/or other funds, accounts or vehicles
managed by Pine Brook.
The PPM for each Pine Brook Fund includes detailed disclosures regarding the foregoing conflicts
of interest, as well as other potential conflicts of interest, relating to the management and operation
of the Pine Brook Funds. Prospector Investors should carefully review such disclosures before
making an investment in a Pine Brook Fund.
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The Fund may purchase or sell securities in privately negotiated transactions, or, at the
recommendation of the Adviser, may use specific brokers and dealers to execute, settle and clear
securities transactions. The Adviser has discretion in deciding which brokers or dealers are to be
used for a particular transaction and the compensation for those transactions.
The Adviser seeks to obtain best execution for all transactions and evaluates brokers and dealers
on the basis of numerous factors and not necessarily lowest pricing. Brokers and dealers may
provide other services that are beneficial to the Adviser and Fund. Subject to the Firm’s duty to
seek best execution, in selecting brokers and dealers (including prime brokers) to execute
transactions, provide financing and securities on loan, hold cash and short balances and provide
other services, the Adviser may consider, among other factors that are deemed appropriate to
consider under the circumstances, the following: the ability of the brokers and dealers to effect the
transaction; the brokers' or dealers' facilities, reliability and financial responsibility; and the
provision by the brokers of capital introduction, talent introduction, marketing assistance,
consulting with respect to technology, operations and equipment, commitment of capital, access
to company management and access to deal flow.
Pine Brook currently does not receive research or other products and services through soft dollar
arrangements with brokers and dealers.
Pine Brook may aggregate Client trades when such aggregation is expected to be in the best interest
of all participating Clients.
Trade Errors: The Adviser has established policies and procedures for the handling of trade errors
and will correct errors as soon as practicable after discovery to mitigate any potential loss. The
cost of errors will be borne by the Funds unless an error is the result of bad faith, gross negligence,
fraud, or willful misconduct of Adviser or the executing broker. Trade errors must be reported to
the CCO and will be reviewed to identify any appropriate changes to Pine Brook’s policies or
procedures where necessary.
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All investments are carefully reviewed and approved by the Pine Brook’s Investment Committee.
A Pine Brook Fund’s investments are reviewed on a periodic basis and Pine Brook’s investment
personnel meet regularly to monitor such investments.
Limited Partners of a Pine Brook Fund will receive reports in accordance with the terms of the
Fund Documentation for such Pine Brook Fund.
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Pine Brook does not receive economic benefits from non-clients for providing investment advice
and other advisory services.
The Adviser does not currently compensate any third parties for client referrals. However, Probitas
Funds Group LLC, a registered broker-dealer and FINRA member, has been engaged as a
placement agent and, in connection therewith, will be compensated by the Pine Brook Fund III for
successfully soliciting potential investors for Pine Brook Fund III (subject to a dollar-for-dollar
offset against fund management fees otherwise payable to the Fund Manager of Pine Brook Fund
III).
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The Adviser is subject to Rule 206(4)-2 under the Advisers Act (the "Custody Rule"). However, it
will not be required to comply with certain requirements of the Custody Rule with respect to the
Fund because it will comply with the provisions of the so-called "Pooled Vehicle Annual Audit
Exception", which, among other things, requires that the Fund be subject to an audit at least
annually by an independent public accountant that is registered with, and subject to regular
inspection by, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, and requires that the Fund
distribute its audited financial statements to all investors within 120 days of the end of its Fiscal
Year.
The Adviser will maintain client assets in compliance with the Custody Rule.
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In accordance with the terms and conditions of the Fund Documentation, and subject to the
direction and control of the GP of each Fund, the Adviser generally has discretionary authority to
determine, without obtaining specific consent from the Fund or its Limited Partners, the securities
and the amounts to be bought or sold on behalf of the Fund, and to perform the day-to-day
investment operations of the Fund.
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In compliance with Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act, the Adviser has adopted proxy voting
policies and procedures. The general policy is to vote proxy proposals, amendments, consents or
resolutions (collectively, "Proxies"), in a prudent and diligent manner that will serve the applicable
Fund’s best interest and is in line with the Fund’s investment objectives.
In limited circumstances, the Adviser may refrain from voting Proxies where the Adviser believes
that voting would be inappropriate.
Conflicts of interest may arise between the interests of the Fund on the one hand and the Adviser
or its affiliates on the other hand. If the Adviser determines that it may have, or is perceived to
have, a conflict of interest when voting Proxies, the Adviser will vote in accordance with its Proxy
voting policies and procedures. Limited Partners may obtain a copy of the Advisor's Proxy voting
policies and its Proxy voting record upon request.
Investors may contact the Chief Compliance Officer in order to obtain a copy of the proxy voting
policies and procedures as well as information about how the Adviser voted a Fund’s proxies by
contacting Joseph Kopilak, by email at
[email protected] or by telephone at 212-
847-4335.
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A balance sheet is not required to be provided as Pine Brook (i) does not solicit fees more than six
months in advance, (ii) does not have a financial condition that is likely to impair its ability to meet
contractual commitments to clients or (iii) has not been subject to any bankruptcy proceeding
during the past 10 years.
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Open Brochure from SEC website